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118.CSS Positioning

Positioning 118

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Prasanna Siva
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34 views

118.CSS Positioning

Positioning 118

Uploaded by

Prasanna Siva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Positioning

The CSS positioning properties allow you to position an element. It can also place
an element behind another, and specify what should happen when an element's content
is too big.

Elements can be positioned using the top, bottom, left, and right properties.
However, these properties will not work unless the position property is set first.
They also work differently depending on the positioning method.

There are four different positioning methods.

Static Positioning
HTML elements are positioned static by default. A static positioned element is
always positioned according to the normal flow of the page.

Static positioned elements are not affected by the top, bottom, left, and right
properties.

Fixed Positioning
An element with fixed position is positioned relative to the browser window.

It will not move even if the window is scrolled:

Example

p.pos_fixed {
position: fixed;
top: 30px;
right: 5px;
}

[demo]

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
p.pos_fixed {
position: fixed;
top: 30px;
right: 5px;
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<p><b>Note:</b> IE7 and IE8 supports the fixed value only if a !DOCTYPE is
specified.</p>
<p>Some text</p><p>Some text</p><p>Some text</p><p>Some text</p><p>Some
text</p><p>Some text</p><p>Some text</p><p>Some text</p><p>Some text</p><p>Some
text</p><p>Some text</p><p>Some text</p><p>Some text</p><p>Some text</p><p>Some
text</p><p>Some text</p>
<p class="pos_fixed">Some positioned text.</p>
</body>
</html>

[/demo]
Note Note: IE7 and IE8 support the fixed value only if a !DOCTYPE is specified.
Fixed positioned elements are removed from the normal flow. The document and other
elements behave like the fixed positioned element does not exist.

Fixed positioned elements can overlap other elements.

Relative Positioning
A relative positioned element is positioned relative to its normal position.

Example

h2.pos_left {
position: relative;
left: -20px;
}

h2.pos_right {
position: relative;
left: 20px;
}

[demo]

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h2.pos_left {
position: relative;
left: -20px;
}

h2.pos_right {
position: relative;
left: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Heading with no position</h2>


<h2 class="pos_left">This heading is moved left according to its normal
position</h2>
<h2 class="pos_right">This heading is moved right according to its normal
position</h2>
<p>Relative positioning moves an element RELATIVE to its original
position.</p>
<p>The style "left:-20px" subtracts 20 pixels from the element's original
left position.</p>
<p>The style "left:20px" adds 20 pixels to the element's original left
position.</p>

</body>
</html>
[/demo]

The content of relatively positioned elements can be moved and overlap other
elements, but the reserved space for the element is still preserved in the normal
flow.

Example

h2.pos_top {
position: relative;
top: -50px;
}

[demo]

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h2.pos_top {
position: relative;
top: -30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Heading with no position</h2>


<h2 class="pos_top">This heading is moved upwards according to its normal
position</h2>
<p><b>Note:</b> Even if the content of the relatively positioned element is
moved, the reserved space for the element is still preserved in the normal
flow.</p>

</body>
</html>

[/demo]

Relatively positioned elements are often used as container blocks for absolutely
positioned elements.

Absolute Positioning
An absolute position element is positioned relative to the first parent element
that has a position other than static. If no such element is found, the containing
block is <html>:

Example

h2 {
position: absolute;
left: 100px;
top: 150px;
}
[demo]

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h2 {
position: absolute;
left: 100px;
top: 150px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>This heading has an absolute position</h2>


<p>With absolute positioning, an element can be placed anywhere on a page.
The heading below is placed 100px from the left of the page and 150px from the top
of the page.</p>

</body>
</html>

[/demo]

Absolutely positioned elements are removed from the normal flow. The document and
other elements behave like the absolutely positioned element does not exist.

Absolutely positioned elements can overlap other elements.

Overlapping Elements
When elements are positioned outside the normal flow, they can overlap other
elements.

The z-index property specifies the stack order of an element (which element should
be placed in front of, or behind, the others).

An element can have a positive or negative stack order:

Example

img {
position: absolute;
left: 0px;
top: 0px;
z-index: -1;
}

[demo]

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
img {
position: absolute;
left: 0px;
top: 0px;
z-index: -1;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<img src="./imagecopy1234567890/test.gif" width="100" height="140">
<p>Because the image has a z-index of -1, it will be placed behind the
text.</p>

</body>
</html>

[/demo]

An element with greater stack order is always in front of an element with a lower
stack order.

Note Note: If two positioned elements overlap without a z-index specified, the
element positioned last in the HTML code will be shown on top.

Examples
More Examples
Set the shape of an element

[demo]

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
img {
position: absolute;
clip: rect(0px,60px,200px,0px);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<img src="./imagecopy1234567890/test.gif" width="100" height="140">

</body>
</html>

[/demo]

This example demonstrates how to set the shape of an element. The element is
clipped into this shape, and displayed.

How to show overflow in an element using scroll

[demo]

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div.scroll {
background-color: #00FFFF;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
overflow: scroll;
}

div.hidden {
background-color: #00FF00;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<p>The overflow property specifies what to do if the content of an element


exceeds the size of the element's box.</p>

<p>Result with overflow:scroll</p>


<div class="scroll">You can use the overflow property when you want to have
better control of the layout. The default value is visible.</div>

<p>Result with overflow:hidden</p>


<div class="hidden">You can use the overflow property when you want to have
better control of the layout. The default value is visible.</div>

</body>
</html>

[/demo]

This example demonstrates how to set the overflow property to create a scroll bar
when an element's content is too big to fit in a specified area.

How to set the browser to automatically handle overflow

[demo]

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div {
background-color: #00FFFF;
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
overflow: auto;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<p>The overflow property decides what to do if the content inside an


element exceeds the given width and height properties.</p>
<div>You can use the overflow property when you want to have better control
of the layout. Try to change the overflow property to: visible, hidden, scroll, or
inherit and see what happens. The default value is visible.</div>

</body>
</html>

[/demo]

This example demonstrates how to set the browser to automatically handle overflow.

Change the cursor

[demo]

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>Mouse over the words to change the cursor.</p>
<span style="cursor:auto">auto</span><br>
<span style="cursor:crosshair">crosshair</span><br>
<span style="cursor:default">default</span><br>
<span style="cursor:e-resize">e-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:help">help</span><br>
<span style="cursor:move">move</span><br>
<span style="cursor:n-resize">n-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:ne-resize">ne-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:nw-resize">nw-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:pointer">pointer</span><br>
<span style="cursor:progress">progress</span><br>
<span style="cursor:s-resize">s-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:se-resize">se-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:sw-resize">sw-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:text">text</span><br>
<span style="cursor:w-resize">w-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:wait">wait</span><br>
</body>
</html>

[/demo]

This example demonstrates how to change the cursor.

All CSS Positioning Properties


Property Description Values
bottom Sets the bottom margin edge for a positioned box auto
length
%
inherit
clip Clips an absolutely positioned element shape
auto
inherit
cursor Specifies the type of cursor to be displayed url
auto
crosshair
default
pointer
move
e-resize
ne-resize
nw-resize
n-resize
se-resize
sw-resize
s-resize
w-resize
text
wait
help
left Sets the left margin edge for a positioned box auto
length
%
inherit
overflow
Specifies what happens if content overflows an element's box auto
hidden
scroll
visible
inherit
position Specifies the type of positioning for an element absolute
fixed
relative
static
inherit
right Sets the right margin edge for a positioned box auto
length
%
inherit
top Sets the top margin edge for a positioned box auto
length
%
inherit
z-index Sets the stack order of an element number
auto
inherit

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