Name _____________________________ Period _________

AP Biology Date ______________________

RAVEN CHAPTER 10 GUIDED NOTES: PHOTOSYNTHESIS

1. What is the role of photosynthesis in the ecosystem?

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2. The textbook divides the reactions of photosynthesis into 3 stages. List and briefly describe
their functions:
Light-dependent reactions

a. ________________________________________________________________________

b. ________________________________________________________________________

Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)

c. ________________________________________________________________________

3. Explain why the light-dependent reactions are called as such:

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4. Explain why the light-independent reactions are called as such:

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5. Write the summary equation for photosynthesis:

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6. Label the structure of the chloroplast

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7. Indicate the role of each structure within the leaf:

a. mesophyll cells ___________________________________________________________

b. thylakoid ________________________________________________________________

c. thylakoid membranes ______________________________________________________

d. grana __________________________________________________________________

e. stroma _________________________________________________________________

f. photosystem _____________________________________________________________

g. stomates ________________________________________________________________

8. What is the source of oxygen released from photosynthesis? _________________________

9. Light is a form of __________________________________________________ energy and

is divided into packets of energy called ___________________________________________

10. Visible light has a wavelength range of __________________________________________ .

Chlorophyll a absorbs ______________________ light at wavelength of _______________

and chlorophyll b absorbs ___________________ light at wavelength of _______________

whereas they reflect _______________ light.

11. What other pigments exist in green leaves and what is their function?

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12. The porphyrin ring of chlorophyll contains the element ______________________________

and the role of the ring is to ____________________________________________________

13. What does chlorophyll do when excited by photons? ________________________________

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14. What is a photosystem? ______________________________________________________

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15. Label the diagram and explain the difference between Photosystem I and Photosystem II.

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16. With 2 different colored pencils, follow the energy paths of both cyclic and noncyclic
electron flow. (the diagram is not from your text, but it better illustrates the concept

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17. Explain how cyclic photophosphorylation differs from noncyclic photophosphorylation.

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18. What is the function of the electron transport chain of Photosystem II?

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19. How is ATP synthesis coupled with the reactions of Photosystem II?

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20. Within the thylakoid membrane and stroma, indicate what happens to each of the following:

a. water ___________________________________________________________________

b. high energy electrons _____________________________________________________

c. H+ _____________________________________________________________________

d. oxygen _________________________________________________________________

e. NADP+ _________________________________________________________________

f. ADP ___________________________________________________________________

21. Where in the chloroplast is the H+ concentration highest? ___________________________

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22. Explain what happens during carbon fixation. ______________________________________

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23. The products of the Calvin cycle are _____________________________________________

24. For each of the materials the plant uses during the photosynthesis list which stage they are
used in, their source, their role, and what their fate is.

a. water ___________________________________________________________________

b. CO2 ____________________________________________________________________

c. NADP+ _________________________________________________________________

d. ADP ____________________________________________________________________

e. H+ _____________________________________________________________________

25. Why is Rubisco sometimes called the most important enzyme in the world?

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26. Why is the Calvin cycle also called “carbon fixation”?

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27. What environmental and internal challenges have forced both C4 and CAM plants to evolve
alternatives to the photosynthesis system used by other plants?

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28. Why do high oxygen levels inhibit photosynthesis?

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29. What happens during photorespiration and why is it considered bad for plants?

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30. What evolutionary adaptations to the Calvin cycle are seen in C4 plants like sugar cane?

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31. Draw a diagram to show the anatomical adaptations seen in C4 plants to accommodate
their variation on the Calvin cycle.

32. What evolutionary adaptation to the Calvin cycle is seen in CAM plants like cacti?

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