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    Impacts of Antibiotic Resistance

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    Sajid Rahim
    Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to antibiotic use, making infections harder to treat. This leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased deaths. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals is accelerating antibiotic resistance, posing a major threat to global health. As more infections become resistant to first-line antibiotics, more expensive medicines must be used, increasing the economic burden on societies. Antibiotic resistance is undermining modern medicine by jeopardizing treatments like organ transplants and surgeries that rely on effective antibiotics.

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    Impacts of Antibiotic Resistance

    Uploaded by

    Sajid Rahim
    27 views3 pages
    Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to antibiotic use, making infections harder to treat. This leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased deaths. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals is accelerating antibiotic resistance, posing a major threat to global health. As more infections become resistant to first-line antibiotics, more expensive medicines must be used, increasing the economic burden on societies. Antibiotic resistance is undermining modern medicine by jeopardizing treatments like organ transplants and surgeries that rely on effective antibiotics.

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    IMPACTS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

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    Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to antibiotic use, making infections harder to treat. This leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased deaths. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals is accelerating antibiotic resistance, posing a major threat to global health. As more infections become resistant to first-line antibiotics, more expensive medicines must be used, increasing the economic burden on societies. Antibiotic resistance is undermining modern medicine by jeopardizing treatments like organ transplants and surgeries that rely on effective antibiotics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    27 views3 pages

    Impacts of Antibiotic Resistance

    Uploaded by

    Sajid Rahim
    Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to antibiotic use, making infections harder to treat. This leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased deaths. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals is accelerating antibiotic resistance, posing a major threat to global health. As more infections become resistant to first-line antibiotics, more expensive medicines must be used, increasing the economic burden on societies. Antibiotic resistance is undermining modern medicine by jeopardizing treatments like organ transplants and surgeries that rely on effective antibiotics.

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    IMPACTS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

    Antibiotics are medicines used to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance
    occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. Bacteria, not humans or
    animals, become antibiotic-resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the
    infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic
    resistance leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality.
    The world urgently needs to change the way it prescribes and uses antibiotics. Even if new
    medicines are developed, without behavior change, antibiotic resistance will remain a major
    threat. Behavior changes must also include actions to reduce the spread of infections through
    vaccination, hand washing, practicing safer sex, and good food hygiene.
    Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and
    development today. Antibiotic resistance can affect anyone, of any age, in any country Antibiotic
    resistance occurs naturally, but misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals is accelerating the
    process.
    A growing number of infections such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhoea, and salmonellosis
    are becoming harder to treat as the antibiotics used to treat them become less effective.
    When infections can no longer be treated by first-line antibiotics, more expensive medicines
    must be used. A longer duration of illness and treatment, often in hospitals, increases health care
    costs as well as the economic burden on families and societies.
    Antibiotic resistance is putting the achievements of modern medicine at risk. Organ
    transplantations, chemotherapy and surgeries such as caesarean sections become much more
    dangerous without effective antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of infections.

    Side Effects:
    Antibiotics commonly cause the following side effects:
     Diarrhea
     Nausea
     Vomiting
     Rash
     Upset stomach
    With certain antibiotics or prolonged use, fungal infections of the mouth, digestive tract, and
    vagina
    Less common side effects of antibiotics include:
     Formation of kidney stones, when taking sulphonamides.
     Abnormal blood clotting, when taking some cephalosporins.
     Sensitivity to sunlight, when taking tetracyclines.
     Blood disorders, when taking trimethoprim
     Deafness, when taking erythromycin and the aminoglycosides
    Some people, especially older adults, may experience bowel inflammation, which can lead to
    severe, bloody diarrhea.
    In less common instances, penicillins, cephalosporins, and erythromycin can also cause inflamed
    bowels.

    Allergy:
    Some people may develop an allergic reaction to antibiotics, especially penicillins. Side effects
    might include a rash, swelling of the tongue and face, and difficulty breathing. Allergic reactions
    to antibiotics might be immediate or delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
    Anyone who has an allergic reaction to an antibiotic must tell their doctor or pharmacist.
    Reactions to antibiotics can be serious and sometimes fatal. They are called anaphylactic
    reactions.
    People with reduced liver or kidney function should be cautious when using antibiotics. This
    may affect the types of antibiotics they can use or the dose they receive. Likewise, women who
    are pregnant or breast-feeding should speak with a doctor about the best antibiotics to take.

    Interactions:
    Individuals taking an antibiotic should not take other medicines or herbal remedies without
    speaking with a doctor first. Certain OTC medicines might also interact with antibiotics. Some
    doctors suggest that antibiotics can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. However,
    research does not generally support this.
    Nonetheless, people who experience diarrhea and vomiting or are not taking their oral
    contraceptive during illness because of an upset stomach might find that its effectiveness
    reduces.
    In these circumstances, take additional contraceptive precautions.

    Antibiotic Resistance Crisis:


    Healthcare professionals frequently use antibiotics to treat many forms of bacterial infection —
    from those that are mild to those that are potentially life threatening.

    A Growing Health Crisis:


    Only last week, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a report
    reviewing the newest data on antibiotic resistance.
    From the very first page, they make it clear that we are facing an important threat — the CDC
    dedicate this report to “the 48,700 families who lose a loved one each year to antibiotic
    resistance or Clostridioides difficile, and the countless healthcare providers, public health
    experts, innovators, and others who are fighting back with everything they have.”
    The situation is dire indeed: According to the newest data, more than 2.8 million people in the
    United States experience an infection from antibiotic resistant bacteria each year. Moreover,
    these “superbugs” cause 35,000 deaths per year in the country.
    Although the pace at which resistance is spreading continues to increase, the health care
    community has limited data on the magnitude of the effect of this problem on health and
    economic outcomes. Further study in this area is essential, including work to assess the impact of
    resistance at the societal level and the development of methods to assess illness severity in
    patients with infectious diseases. The implementation of measures that can improve the
    outcomes for patients with resistant infections is essential. These measures include a continued
    emphasis on the prevention of the emergence and spread of resistance through rational antibiotic
    use and appropriate infection-control measures. Strategies to minimize the delay of the
    administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy are essential, as are techniques to facilitate the
    earlier identification of resistant organisms.

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