IOT Based Smart Irrigation System

IOT Based Smart Irrigation System
Micro-Project Proposal
Micro Project for information about
IOT BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Aims of the Micro-Project:
a) Ownership, in its most comprehensive signification, denotes the relationship between a
person and any right that is vested in him.
b) Because of the micro project now we have get deep knowledge.
Course Outcomes Addressed
1. Use basic management principles to execute daily activities.
2. Use principles of planning and organizing for accomplishment of tasks.
3. Use principles of directing and controlling for implementing the plans.
4. Apply principles of safety management in all activities.
5. Understand various provisions of industrial acts.
3.0 Proposed Methodology

Collect the information of all the IOT Based Smart Irrigation System. It also include the
methodology and various information.
I searched the micro project topics related to subject. Then selected micro project title. After
selection of topic searched and collected information related to selected topic. Then
completed proposal of micro project.
4.0 Action Plan

Sr. No. Details of activity Planned Planned Name of Responsible
Start Date Finish date Student
Decide individual micro project 17/08/2020 24/08/2020 Prasad Bhumkar

1
Search micro project topics related 31/08/2020 07/09/2020 Prasad Bhumkar

2 To subject.
3 Selection of micro project title 14/09/2020 21/09/2020 Prasad Bhumkar
Search Prasad Bhumkar

4 information 28/09/2020 05/10/2020
related to
selected topic
SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 1

Prasad Bhumkar
5 Collect information related to 12/10/2020 19/10/2020
selected topic
Completion of micro project topic Prasad Bhumkar

6 26/10/2020 02/11/2020
Proposal
Prasad Bhumkar
7 Analyze collected data For 09/11/2020 16/11/2020
micro-Project report.
Prasad Bhumkar
8 Finalize collected data For 23/11/2020 30/11/2020
micro-Project report.
Prasad Bhumkar
Finalize Design & flow of 07/12/2020 14/12/2020
9
Implementation
Prasad Bhumkar
21/12/2020 28/12/2020
10 Flow of Implementation
Prasad Bhumkar
Implementation of report. 04/01/2021 11/01/2021
11
Prasad Bhumkar
18/01/2021 25/01/2021
12 Report preparation
Prasad Bhumkar
27/01/2021 28/01/2021
13 Finalization of report
Prasad Bhumkar
29/01/2021 30/01/2021
14 Submission of report
Name of Student Roll No.
Prasad Santosh Bhumkar 12
(To be approved by the concerned teacher)
****************

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“IOT BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM”

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF
DIPLOMA IN
COMPUTER ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED TO
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI
SUBMITTED BY
Name of Student Enrolment Number
GUIDED BY
(Prof. Karad V.P.)
SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC, BELHE

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC, BELHE
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “FORMS OF

OWNERSHIP” Was successfully completed by Student of Sixth
semester Diploma in computer engineering.
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the

Diploma in Computer engineering and submitted to the
Department of
Computer of Samarth Polytechnic, Belhe work carried out during
a period
for the academic year 2020- 21 as per curriculum.
Name of Student Enrolment Number
Prof. Karad V.P. Prof. Pokharkar M.S. Prof. Kapile A.S.
(Subject Teacher) (H.O.D) (Principal)

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This project is done as a Fifth semester project, as a part course titled

“IOT Based Smart Irrigation System”.
We are really thankful to our course the Principal Prof. Kapile A. S. and the HOD
Prof. Pokharkar M.S. Samarth Polytechnic, Belhe for his invaluable guidance and
Assistance, without which the accomplishment of the task would have never been possible.
We also thank Prof. Karad V.P. for giving this opportunity to explore into the
Real world and realize the interrelation without which a Project can never progress.
In our present project we have chosen the topic- “IOT Based Smart Irrigation System”.
We are also thankful to parents, friend and all staff of Computer engineering department,
For providing us relevant information and necessary clarifications, and great support.
Prasad Santosh Bhumkar

INDEX
Sr. No. Chapter Name Page no.
1. Synopsis 01
2. Abstract 02
3. Introduction 03
4. Hardware and Software 04

Requirement
5. Narrative 05
6. Advantages and 07
Disadvantages
7. Features 08
8. Implementation 10
9. Working with Smart 15

Irrigation System using
IoT
10. Conclusion 17
11. References 18

CHAPTER 1
SYNOPSIS
Project Title
Project Option
None
Internal Guide
Prof.Tannu R.R
Problem Statement
To design the IOT Based Smart Irrigation System using Internet.

CHAPTER 2
ABSTRACT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the agriculture industry and enabling
farmers to content with enormous challenges they face. Livestock monitoring, conservation
monitoring and plant & soil monitoring are the challenges where IoT can be a solution. The
innovative IoT applications address the issues in agriculture and increase the quality,
quantity, sustainability and cost effectiveness of agricultural production.
Decision making is done through microcontroller. User is acknowledged about the

field when there is any deviation from the expected values via text message. Along with soil
parameters, plant pest detection is also included in this project. This ensures the complete
system health.
Automation of farm activities can transform agricultural domain from being

manual and static to intelligent and dynamic leading to higher production with lesser
human supervision. Microcontroller ATMEGA328P on Arduino Uno platform is used to
implement the control unit. The setup uses soil moisture sensors which measure the exact
moisture level in soil. This value enables the system to use appropriate quantity of water
which avoids over/under irrigation.
IOT is used to keep the farmers updated about the status of sprinklers. Information from the
sensors is regularly updated on a webpage using GSM-GPRS SIM900A modem through
which a farmer can check whether the water sprinklers are ON/OFF at any given time. Also,
the sensor readings are transmitted to a Thing speak channel to generate graphs for analysis.

CHAPTER 3
INTRODUCTION
Agriculture is the unquestionably the largest livelihood provider in India Currently,
agriculture accounts 83% of the total water consumption in India.
[1]. Unplanned use of water inadvertently results in wastage of water. This suggests that
there is an urgent need to develop systems that prevent water wastage without imposing
pressure on farmers. Over the past 15 years, farmers started using computers and software
systems to organize their financial data and keep track of their transactions with third
parties and also monitor their crops more effectively .
[2]. In the Internet era, where information plays a key role in people’s lives, agriculture is
rapidly becoming a very data intensive industry where farmers
Need to collect and evaluate a huge amount of information from a diverse number of
devices (e.g. sensors, faming machinery etc.) In order to become more efficient in
production and communicating appropriate information.
[3]. With the advent of open source Arduino boards along with cheap moisture
sensors, it is viable to create devices that can monitor the soil moisture content and
accordingly irrigating the fields or the landscape as an when needed. The proposed system
makes use of microcontroller ATMEGA328P on Arduino Uno platform and IOT
which enable farmers to remotely monitor the status of sprinklers installed on the farm
by knowing the sensor values.

CHAPTER 4
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
 Hardware Requirement:
I. i3 Processor Based Computer or higher

II. Memory: 1 GB RAM III. Hard Drive: 50 GB
III.Arduino UNO Board
IV. Soil Moisture Sensor

V. Wi-Fi Module ESP8266
 Software Requirement:
I. Windows 10
II. Microsoft Word
III. Internet

CHAPTER 5
NARRATIVE
Problem Statement
In the case of traditional irrigation system water saving is not considered. Since, the
water is irrigated directly in the land, plants under go high stress from variation in
soil moisture, therefore plant appearance is reduced. The absence of automatic controlling of
the system result in improper water control system. The major reason for these limitations is
the growth of population which is increasing at a faster rate.
Motivation
The purposes of our smart water irrigation system are to provide a water delivering
schedule to the crops to ensure all the crops have enough water for their healthy growth, to
reduce the amount of water wasted in irrigation, and to minimize the economic cost for the
users.
Project Goal
The Project ‘Smart Irrigation System’ is used for the optimization use of water in
agricultural field without the intervention of farmer by using soil moisture Sensor that senses
the moisture content of the Soil using Microcontroller that turn ON/OFF the pump
automatically according to the need of water for irrigation and hence helpful in saving water.
This system is quite affordable and feasible. This system of irrigation is also helpful in the
region where there is scarcity of water and improves their sustainability. And can also
be adjusted according to the need of varieties of crop to be irrigated.

Objectives of the Project
The main objectives of the project are:
Water is one of the essential elements of human existence. It is not always possible to get
water supply from natural sources. Here comes the application of irrigation
supply. Irrigation is the man-made means of supplying water. The main objectives of
irrigation supply are given below.
 Ensure enough moisture essential for plant growth.

 Provide crop insurance against short duration drought.
 Cool the soil and atmosphere to provide a suitable surrounding.
 Wash out or dilute harmful salt, chemicals of the soil.
 Reduce hazards of soil piping.
 Soften the tillage pan.

CHAPTER 6
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
 Simple and efficient
 Conserves water used for irrigation
 Accurate sensing
 Low maintenance cost
 Acknowledging user about the field
DISADVANTAGES
 The systems can be very expensive.
 Self-help compatibility is very low with big-scale systems, which are very
complex.
 Most automated irrigation systems need electricity.
 For crops like rice we cannot use this same project because of excess need of
water.
 We will use DTMF technique in the fields where large amount of water is
needed.

CHAPTER 7
FEATURES
An IoT based irrigation system is for efficient agricultural management system

which enables farmers to contend with challenges they face. There are many
applications in IoT, which addresses the major problems like soil moisture detection,
water conservation management, crop growth monitoring, etc.,
This project enables better and smarter irrigation through temperature, humidity and
other sensors networked to communicate with the user. For farmers and growers,
Internet of Things has provided extremely productive ways to cultivate soil with the
use of cheap, easy to-install sensors and an abundance of insightful data they offer.
SOIL MOISTURE:
Soil moisture is the water that is held in the spaces between soil particles. The root
zone soil moisture is the water that is available to the plants, which is generally
considered to be in the upper 200 cm of soil. Moisture is fundamental importance to
many hydrological, biological and biogeochemical process. The proposed system
includes soil moisture measurement as the main module. Irrigation to the field and
acknowledgement to the user are done based on the water content in the soil.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SOIL:

Electrical conductivity (EC) is a measurement of the dissolved material in an aqueous
solution, which relates to the ability of the material to conduct electric current through
it. EC is measured in units called Siemen’s per unit area. Higher the dissolved
materials in the soil, higher the EC will be in it. Similar to EC, pH of the soil
measures the acidity of the soil based on hydrogen ion concentration in it. The pH of
the soil ranges on a logarithmic scale from 1-14, where pH 1-6 are acidic, pH 7 is
neutral, pH 8-14 are basic.

TEMPERATURE:
Temperature is another parameter that is measured in this project. This value helps in
conservation of water used for irrigation. Even though the soil moisture is less, if the
temperature is not too high then the irrigation to the crop can be limited. This is
because many plants can withstand low moisture conditions when the temperature is
moderate.
CONTROLLING UNIT:
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and
software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning
on an LED, publishing something online. The board can be activated by sending a set
of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. The Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing
must be used for implementation. The moisture and temperature sensed by the sensors
are processed in the Arduino Uno microcontroller. When the values are beyond the
threshold value, then the controller does the defined job.
MOISTURE SENSOR:
Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. Since the direct
gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and
weighting of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content
indirectly by using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance,
dielectric constant, or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture content.
Reflected microwave radiation is affected by the soil moisture and is used for remote
sensing in hydrology and agriculture.

CHAPTER 8
IMPLEMENTATION
In India, agriculture in villages plays an essential role in developing the
country. Basically, agriculture depends on the monsoons which have not enough
water source. To overcome this problem, the irrigation system is employed in the field
of agriculture. In this system, based on the soil type, the water will be provided to the
agricultural field.
In agriculture, there are two things, namely, the moisture content of the soil as
well as the fertility of the soil. At the present time, there are several types of
techniques available for irrigation to reduce the need for rain. This type of technique
is driven by on/off schedule using electrical power. This article discusses the
implementation of a smart irrigation system using IoT.
Arduino Based Smart Irrigation System using IoT
The hardware and software requirements of this project include Arduino UNO, soil
moisture sensor, Wi-Fi module ESP8266, Arduino CC (IDE), Android studio, and
MySQL, etc.
What is IoT?
The term “IoT” stands for the internet of things, can be defined as the interconnection
between the individually identifiable embedded computing apparatus in the accessible
internet infrastructure. The ‘IoT’ connects various devices and transportations with a
help of internet as well as electronic sensors. Please refer to this link to know more
about Experts Opinion on Application of Internet of Things (IoT) in Future.

Arduino UNO Board
The Arduino UNO is one of the most used microcontrollers in the industry. It is very
easy to handle, convenient, and use. The coding of this microcontroller is very simple. The
program of this microcontroller is considered as unstable due to the flash memory
technology. The applications of this microcontroller involve a wide range of applications like
security, home appliances, remote sensors, and industrial automation. This microcontroller
has the ability to be joined on the internet and perform as a server too. Please refer to this link
to know more about what are the Different Types of Arduino Boards.
Arduino UNO Board

Soil Moisture Sensor
Soil moisture sensor is one kind of sensor used to detect the soil moisture content. This
sensor has two outputs like the analog output as well as the digital output.

The digital o/p is permanent and the analog o/p threshold can be changed. The working
principle of soil moisture sensor is open & short circuit concept. Here the LED gives an
indication when the output is high or low.
When the condition of the soil is dried up, the flow of current will not flow through it. So it
works like an open circuit. Therefore the o/p will be maximized. When the soil condition is
soaked, the flow of current pass from one terminal to the other. So it works like a closed
circuit. Therefore the o/p will be zero.
Here sensor is coated with platinum, and anti-rust to make higher efficiency as well as long
life. The sensing range is also high which will pay for the farmer at a minimum cost.
Soil Moisture Sensor
Wi-Fi Module ESP8266
The Wi-Fi module ESP8266 is a low-cost module, used to interface the microprocessors. It
has a 96 KB of data RAM as well as a 64KB of instruction RAM.

Wi-Fi Module ESP8266
CHAPTER 9
Working with Smart Irrigation System using IoT
In the agriculture field, sensors are used like soil moisture. The information received
from the sensors is sent to the Database folder through the Android device. In the control
section, the system is activated using the application, this is finished using the ON/OFF
buttons in the application. Also, this system is automatically activated when the soil moisture
is low, the pump is switched ON based on the moisture content.
The application has a feature like taking some time from the user and water the
agriculture field when the time comes. In this system, there is a switch used to turn off the
water supply if the system fails. Other parameters such as the moisture sensor demonstrate
the threshold price and the level of water in the soil.

Smart Irrigation System using IoT

CHAPTER 10
CONCLUSION
This project presents the design of an IoT based automatic irrigation system. The
proposed system can reduce the efforts of farmers and provides high yield. It also conserves
water for irrigation by locating the sensor at the right position above the soil level. This work
have shown that plants can still sustain at low moisture level when the temperature is
moderate. Analyzing more than one parameter has made this system an efficient one for
managing the field.
In this manner we are increasing the system which able to control the agriculture
monitoring in fields where the human being not capable to provide security. Such system we
are developing in the field where the crops are costly are monitored and all the climatic
conditions are well maintained important. In this area we are provide such kind of system.

Thus, this effective and reliable system helps in agriculture monitoring. Apart from
the main objective, the system also helps in reducing the global warming to a great extent.
The natural habit of plants is prevented indirectly. The plants can also be protected from fire
by using this system. This in turn helps in reducing crop destruction. Thereby, the ecological
balance is maintained.
CHAPTER 11
REFERENCES
1. Yick, Jennifer, Biswanath Mukherjee, and Dipak Ghosal. "Wireless

sensor network survey." Computer networks 52.12 (2008): 2292- 2330.
2. Tubaishat, M., & Madria, S. (2003). Sensor networks: an overview. IEEE
potentials, 22(2), 20-23.
3. Yang, L. D. (2011). Implementation of a wireless sensor network with
EZ430-RF2500 development tools and MSP430FG4618/F2013
experimenter boards from Texas instruments.
4. Lozano, C., & Rodriguez, O. (2011). Design of forest fire early detection
system using wireless sensor networks. Electronics and Electrical
Engineering, 3(2), 402-405.
5. Nakamura, F. G., QuintÃ£o, F. P., Menezes, G. C., & Mateus, G. R.
(2005, April). An optimal node scheduling for flat wireless sensor
networks. In International Conference on Networking (pp. 475-482).
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

6. KovÃ¡cs, Z. G., Marosy, G. E., & HorvÃ¡th, G. (2010, October). Case

study of a simple, low power WSN implementation for forest monitoring.
In 2010 12th Biennial Baltic Electronics Conference (pp. 161-164).
IEEE.
ANNEXURE II
Evaluation Sheet for Micro Project
Academic Year: - 2020-21 Name of Faculty: - Diploma in Computer Engineering
Course: - ETI Course Code: - 22618 Semester: - VI
Title of Project: - IOT Based Smart Irrigation System

Cos addressed by the Micro Project: -
a) Ensure enough moisture essential for plant growth.
b) Provide crop insurance against short duration drought.
c) Cool the soil and atmosphere to provide a suitable surrounding.
d) Wash out or dilute harmful salt, chemicals of the soil.
Major Learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the project:-
a) Practical Outcomes
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………..………………………………

b) Unit Outcomes in Cognitive domain
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………..
c) Outcomes in Affective Domain
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Comments /suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Marks out of Marks out of
Roll No. 6 for 4 for
Student Name performance performance Total Out
in group in oral / of 10
activity presentation
(D5 Col.8) (D5 Col.9)
12 Prasad Santosh Bhumkar
Prof. Karad V.P.

(Name & Signature of
Faculty)

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3.0 Proposed Methodology

4.0 Action Plan

Decide individual micro project 17/08/2020 24/08/2020 Prasad Bhumkar

Search micro project topics related 31/08/2020 07/09/2020 Prasad Bhumkar

3 Selection of micro project title 14/09/2020 21/09/2020 Prasad Bhumkar

Search Prasad Bhumkar

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 1

Completion of micro project topic Prasad Bhumkar

Name of Student Roll No.

Prasad Santosh Bhumkar 12

(To be approved by the concerned teacher)

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 2

“IOT BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM”

Name of Student Enrolment Number

Prasad Santosh Bhumkar 1909920093

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC, BELHE

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 3

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC, BELHE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “FORMS OF

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the

Name of Student Enrolment Number

Prasad Santosh Bhumkar 1909920093

Prof. Karad V.P. Prof. Pokharkar M.S. Prof. Kapile A.S.

(Subject Teacher) (H.O.D) (Principal)

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 4

This project is done as a Fifth semester project, as a part course titled

Prasad Santosh Bhumkar

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 5

Sr. No. Chapter Name Page no.

4. Hardware and Software 04

9. Working with Smart 15

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 6

IOT Based Smart Irrigation System

To design the IOT Based Smart Irrigation System using Internet.

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 7

Decision making is done through microcontroller. User is acknowledged about the

Automation of farm activities can transform agricultural domain from being

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 8

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 9

I. i3 Processor Based Computer or higher

IV. Soil Moisture Sensor

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 10

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 11

Objectives of the Project

The main objectives of the project are:

 Ensure enough moisture essential for plant growth.

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 12

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 13

An IoT based irrigation system is for efficient agricultural management system

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SOIL:

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 14

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 15

Arduino Based Smart Irrigation System using IoT

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 16

Arduino UNO Board

Arduino UNO Board

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE Page 17

Soil Moisture Sensor