cout << fullName;

C++
It is up to you whether you want to use + or append().
C++ Strings The major difference between the two, is that the
• Strings are used for storing text. append() function is much faster. However, for testing
and such, it might be easier to just use +.
• A string variable contains a collection of characters
surrounded by double quotes:

Example: Adding Numbers and Strings

Create a variable of type string and assign it a value: NOTE!

string greeting = "Hello"; C++ uses the + operator for both addition and
concatenation.
To use strings, you must include an additional header
file in the source code, Numbers are added. Strings are concatenated.

the <string> library: If you add two numbers, the result will be a number:

Example

String Concatenation int x = 10;

• The + operator can be used between strings to add int y = 20;

them together to make a new string. This is called int z = x + y; // z will be 30 (an integer)
concatenation:
If you add two strings, the result will be a string
Example: concatenation:
string firstName = "John "; Example:
string lastName = "Doe"; string x = "10";
string fullName = firstName + lastName; string y = "20";
cout << fullName; string z = x + y; // z will be 1020 (a string)
In the example above, we added a space after firstName If you try to add a number to a string, an error occurs
to create a space between John and Doe on output.
However, you could also add a space with quotes (" " or
' '):
String Length

To get the length of a string, use the length() function:

Append
Example:
A string in C++ is actually an object, which contain
string txt = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
functions that can perform certain operations on
strings. For example, you can also concatenate strings cout << "The length of the txt string is: " << txt.length();
with the append() function:
Tip: You might see some C++ programs that use the
Example: size() function to get the length of a string. This is just
an alias of length(). It is completely up to you if you
string firstName = "John ";
want to use length() or size()
string lastName = "Doe";

string fullName = firstName.append(lastName);

Access Strings // Your name is: John

You can access the characters in a string by referring to However, cin considers a space (whitespace, tabs, etc.)
its index number inside square brackets []. as a terminating character, which means that it can only
display a single word (even if you type many words):
This example prints the first character in myString:
From the example above, you would expect the
Example:
program to print
string myString = "Hello";
"John Doe", but it only prints "John".
cout << myString[0];
That's why, when working with strings, we often use the
// Outputs H getline() function to read a line of text. It takes cin as
the first parameter, and the string variable as second:

Example
This example prints the second character in myString:
string fullName;
Example
cout << "Type your full name: ";
string myString = "Hello";
getline (cin, fullName);
cout << myString[1];
cout << "Your name is: " << fullName;
// Outputs e
// Type your full name: John Doe

// Your name is: John Doe

Change String Characters

To change the value of a specific character in a string,

refer to the index number, and use single quotes: Omitting Namespace

Example: You might see some C++ programs that runs without
the standard namespace library. The using namespace
string myString = "Hello"; std line can be omitted and replaced with the std
myString[0] = 'J'; keyword, followed by the :: operator for string (and
cout) objects:
cout << myString;
Example:
// Outputs Jello instead of Hello
#include <iostream>

#include <string>
User Input Strings
int main()
It is possible to use the extraction operator >> on cin to
display a string entered by a user: {

Example: std::string greeting = "Hello";

string firstName; std::cout << greeting;

cout << "Type your first name: "; return 0;

cin >> firstName; // get user input from the keyboard }

cout << "Your name is: " << firstName; It is up to you if you want to include the standard
namespace library or not.
// Type your first name: John
 C++ Math
C++ Math

C++ has many functions that allows you to perform

mathematical tasks on numbers.

max and min

The max(x,y) function can be used to find the highest

value of x and y:

Example:

cout << max(5, 10);

And the min(x,y) function can be used to find the lowest

value of x and y:

Example

cout << min(5, 10);

C++ <cmath> Header

Other functions, such as sqrt (square root), round

(rounds a number) and log (natural logarithm), can be
found in

the <cmath> header file:

Example:

// Include the cmath library

#include <cmath>

cout << sqrt(64);

cout << round(2.6);

cout << log(2);