I.

Read and Analyse

A. Direction: Read the following articles below and answer the questions that follow.

Certain ethical challenges in qualitative research necessitate sustained attention of two

interconnected worlds: the world of the researcher and the world of the participant. A critical
view of some of the ethical challenges in the participants’ and researchers’ world reveals that
how we examine both these worlds’ effects how we design our research. In addition, it reflects
the need for researchers to develop an ethical research vocabulary at the inception of their
research life through multiple modes. The modes may include dialogue in the spoken and written
and visual to affect their aims to adhere to the principles of respect, beneficence,
non-maleficence, and justice in a way that is mutually beneficial to the participant and the
researcher.

Further, the deliberations in this paper reveal that a critical conscious research ethics are
embedded in the unfolding research ethics process involving the participants and the researchers,
and both the participant and researcher add equal weight to the transparency of the ethical
process and add value to building methodological and ethical rigor to the research.

The global public health response to COVID-19 could be significantly enhanced by safe,
effective vaccines and treatments, reliable measures of correlates of immune protection, and
improved scientific knowledge of the disease and its transmission. It is widely agreed that
vaccines would be particularly important, and over 100 candidate vaccines are currently being
developed. Well designed human challenge studies provide one of the most efficient and
scientifically powerful means for testing vaccines, especially because animal models are not
adequately generalizable to humans. Challenge studies could thus be associated with substantial
public health benefit in so far as they (a) accelerate vaccine development, (b) increase the
likelihood that the most effective (candidate) vaccines will ultimately become available), (c)
validate tests of immunity, and (d) improve knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection and
transmission.
Questions:

1. Based on the article, how do you define ethics in research?

- Based on the article that I’ve read, I can define ethos in research as a procedure or
method on how the researchers would act upon the presented problem. In ethics of
research it is necessary that we take a look at the view of the two interconnected worlds,
which is the world of the researcher and the participant, in order for ethics and respect to
be justified,

2. Is the conduct of a SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission study on human models

unethical?
- I would say that it is unethical. Because studying/experimenting on human models will
expose the participants’ health or well-being into great risks.

3. If you were a part of the research teams investigating such phenomenon, what will you do to
correct the unethical feature of the experiment?

- If I were a member of the research that investigated the said phenomenon, I would
suggest that we don’t use human models for testing. We should take time on finding
another way to make the experiment work, rather than putting human beings into risk.

B. Direction: Read the following scenarios below and answer the questions that follow. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Scenario 1

While you are working on a problem on an exam you accidentally notice that the student next to
you has a different answer. You decide to go back and check your work. After realizing that you
made a mistake, you change your answer.

1. Is this an act of academic integrity?

- The said situation was not an act of academic integrity. When you change your answer
after seeing your classmate’s answer is not fair, and it does not show honesty.

2. What did you do wrong?

- What I did wrong was when I changed my answers after peeking unto my classmate’s
answers

3. How could have this been avoided?

- The situation would’ve been avoided if I studied well and was sure of my answers, this
way I wouldn’t doubt and change my answers.

Scenario 2

A student is accused of plagiarism in a consulting report. While most of the report appears to be
original, the professor finds several paragraphs that are directly copied from a journal article,
which is cited in the students’ reference list. The student, convinced that he did not plagiarize,
produces all of the notes he used when writing his paper. It was discovered that the copying was
a result of sloppy note taking, because the student did not distinguish between his own notes and
the words of the article's author in his notes.

1. Is this plagiarism?

- The situation above, if being analyzed carefully, does not demonstrate an act of
plagiarism.
2. Did the student violate academic integrity, or is this merely a case of 'bad study habits'?

- The student did not commit any violations in terms of academic integrity. It was just a
mistake, and merely a bad study habit for him to not properly distinguish his notes and
the article, which resulted in accidental copying.

II. Direction: Answer the following question and write your answers on a space provided.

1. How do you characterize good research writing?

- Characteristics of a good research includes being clear and accurate, concise,
precise, and verifiable.

2. What are some tips to avoid plagiarism when one is conducting research?
- I would suggest that the content from the original author should be paraphrased. If
ever you directly quote another person’s written/spoken words, make sure to put
the appropriate punctuation mark which is the quotation marks (“”). Lastly, is to
put the proper reference page/bibliography at the end of your paper.

3. According to Sanchez (2002) research is a continuous undertaking of making known the

unknown. This definition of research leads to common characteristics of research. Can
you elaborate further on this?

- The phrase by Sanchez simply depicts that research as a process, is a mirror of

investigation, and investigating leads to new discoveries. It is an endless
procedure, wherein a new truth is discovered in every investigation.

4. How do you learn something through inquiry?

- We learn something through inquiry by the meaning itself, by inquiring or asking
questions. By doing or performing an inquiry we are able to gather new
information about a certain object, simply by asking questions and getting
answers we gain new knowledge/learnings.
IV. Direction: Decide whether the following topics or research questions is qualitative or
quantitative. Explain why and what is your basis. Write your answers on the spaces provided.

1. The Influence of Spiritual Behavioral Patterns on the Roman Catholic and Iglesia ni
Cristo Individuals Affecting their Academic Performance .

- The study is under qualitative research. This is because the study focuses on the
reaction or the behavioral patterns of the participants, the gathered data will be about the
individual’s personal experiences.

2. The Effects of Personality Traits of The Random Rapists Inside the New Bilibid Prison
Medium Security Compound.

- This study is under qualitative research. The word “personality” is the context clue, for
which depicts that the study is mainly focused on the effects of a certain phenomena on
the participants.

3. Physical Appearance or Personality: The Basis on Heterosexual Romantic Relationship

among Teenagers of Today

- This study is an example of quantitative research. Gathering the data for this study
could be in a way of conducting a survey that includes answers such as “yes” or “no”,
with this, the results of the study could be in a form of numerical data that will determine
the basis of romantic relationships among teenagers.

4. The Rehabilitation Treatment Program for the Physically Abused Women in the Haven
National Center for Women - DSWD Biñan
 - The study is under qualitative research. This is because the topic revolves around
studying the rehabilitation treatment program itself, this only means that it aims to arrive
at a theory about the chosen topic.

5. Capability on Maintaining Peace and Order of Barangay San Antonio, Biñan, Laguna: Basis
For Enhance Peace And Order Program

- The study is under qualitative research. The mentioned study cannot obtain numerical
data, but then it should use the researcher’s wide understanding about the situation.

V. Make a report explaining or describing the impact of the situation caused by the pandemic of
coronavirus COVID-19 on your academic activities.

The COVID-19 has made the educational system quite hard for us students. Studying in
an environment wherein you aren’t sure you or your loved ones are safe would fit the narrative.
There are a number of studies that proved that studying in this time of pandemic negatively
affected our academic performances.

During the outbreak of the COVID-19, schools of different countries decided to shift
from face to face classes, to online distance learning. In our educational system today, many
students feel unmotivated to do their academic responsibilities. This is because the majority of
the students are used to working in an environment wherein they are encouraged by their
teachers and classmates in an actual classroom.

Several studies that are conducted from different countries in the world confirmed that
the academic performances of the students have become very poor since the online classes are
implemented. Some of the students are not satisfied with the learning materials and tools that are
provided. This attains a conclusion that the pandemic made a massive negative impact on the
educational system, and the students itself.
VI. Directions:

1. Make a list of some problems in your environment that need immediate solutions.

● The increasing COVID-19 cases

● People who does not consider getting vaccinated
● People who does not follow safety protocols
● Rising unemployment rate
● Increasing cases of domestic violence
● Negative effects of the pandemic to the public transportation

2. Choose one problem in the list, give or describe the justifications/reasons behind your
decision.

- I would choose to focus on the negative effects of the pandemic to public transportation.
This is because public transportation is an essential part of our daily lives. Also, this time
of crisis gave the drivers of the public transportation a hard time on where to gain their
source of income.

3. Make a research on your chosen problem containing information or descriptions about the
topic and the importance of the topic in our daily lives.

- Various lockdowns are implemented in different regions in our country. Considering this,
different kinds of public transportation have been put into halt. People stopped using
public transportations such as jeepneys, the bus, tricycles, etc., because of the pandemic.
It is a struggle for both the commuters, and the operators/drivers, for it is an essential in
our daily living. For the commuters who need to get to their workplace, they would need
to hire a private mode of transportation, while the operators on the other hand lost their
source of income.