University of Caloocan City

Department of Tourism and Hospitality

Industry Management

INTRODUCTION TO THE LODGING INDUSTRY

I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. To describe how the lodging industry has developed over its long history.
2. To explain how individual hotel properties in the lodging industry are
classified.
3. To explain how the lodging industry measures its success.
4. To describe how the lodging industry is related to the larger hospitality and
travel and tourism industries.
5. 5. To identify and explain the importance of industry trade associations.

II. Acquiring New Knowledge

LODGING INDUSTRY

 Lodging industry: All the businesses that provide overnight

accommodations for guests.
 Hotel: An establishment that provides sleeping rooms as well as
various services to the traveling public.
 Hotelier: The owner/manager of one or more hotels.
 Market: The potential customers for a business’s products and
services.
 Tourist: A person who travels for pleasure.
 Full-service hotel: A lodging facility that offers complete food
and beverage services.
 Room service: The delivery of food and beverages to a hotel
guest’s sleeping room.
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Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

 Limited-service hotel: A lodging facility that offers no, or very

restricted, food and beverage services. Also known as a “select-
service hotel.”
 Bed and breakfast inns: Very small properties (one to several
guest rooms) owned or managed by persons
 living on-site; these businesses typically offer one meal a day;
also called B&B.
 Camps/park lodges: Sleeping facilities in national, state, or other
parks and recreational areas that accommodate visitors to these
areas.
 Private clubs: Membership organizations not open to the public
that exist for people enjoying common interests. Examples
include country (golf) clubs, city clubs, university clubs, yacht
clubs, and military clubs. Some private clubs offer sleeping
rooms for members and guests.
 Cruise ship: A passenger vessel designed to provide leisure
experiences for people on vacation at sea.
 Casino: A business operation that offers table and card games
along with (usually) slot operations and other games of skill or
chance and amenities that are marketed to customers seeking
gaming activities and entertainment. Many casinos offer lodging
accommodations for their visitors.
 Average Daily Rate (ADR): The average (mean) selling price of
all guest rooms in a hotel, city, or country for a specific period of
time.
 Occupancy rate: The ratio of guest rooms sold (or given away)
to the number of guest rooms available for sale in a given time
period and expressed as a percentage.
 RevPAR: The average revenue generated by each guest room
available during a specific time period.
 RevPAR combines the information from ADR and occupancy
rate into a single measure.
 GOPPAR: The amount of profit made from room sales divided
by the number of rooms available to sell.
 Gross operating profit: The amount of revenue generated in a
defined time period minus its management controllable
expenses for that same period.
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Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

 Hospitality industry: Organizations that provide lodging

accommodations and food services for people when they are
away from home.
 Hospitality industry: Organizations that provide lodging
accommodations and food services for people when they are
away from home.
 You have learned that full-service hotels generally provide their
guests with lodging, meeting, and foodservice products while
limited-service hotels primarily offer lodging services. Because
hotel managers may, at various times in their careers, work in
both full- service and limited-service hotels, knowledge of the
food and beverage industry can be very important to hoteliers.
 It is important to understand that both hoteliers and
restaurateurs are professionals who seek to provide quality
products and services to guests. For that reason, many lodgings
managers study and learn how to provide quality food and
beverage services to guests. You will learn some of the critical
aspects of foodservice lodging managers must know.

LODGING AND THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY

 The lodging industry is not only part of the hospitality industry, it

is also part of the even larger travel and tourism industry or,
simply, the tourism industry. Regardless of the term used, it
refers to those businesses designed to serve the traveling
public.

The tourism industry consists of:

 Hospitality: The food and beverage and lodging operations

(including hotels) that house and feed travelers.
 Retail (Shopping) Stores: Stores and shops that appeal to
travelers.
 Transportation Services: Businesses such as bus lines, airlines,
and rental car companies that help move travelers from place to
place.
 Destination (Activity) Sites: Locations offering activities and
attractions enjoyed by travelers. Examples include amusement
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Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

parks and ski resorts as well as other indoor and outdoor

activities.
 In its studies on travel, the American Hotel and Lodging
Association (AH&LA) has found that of those who stay in hotels,
25 percent are attending a conference or group meeting
29 percent are business travelers
24 percent are on vacation
22 percent are traveling for other reasons
(e.g., personal, family, or to attend a special event)

 There are a variety of ways that these travelers could be

classified for example, as male or female or as young or old.
They can arrive by car or plane, be free-spending or thrifty, and
can vary in any number of other ways. The most common
distinction made in the lodging industry, however, is between
those who are leisure travelers and those who are business
travelers.

Leisure Travelers

 Leisure travelers enjoy travel. In the hotel business, the term

“leisure traveler” refers to persons who travel because they like
the experience of visiting new places, are returning to places
they have previously visited, or are participating in some leisure
activity.
 Leisure travelers include vacationers and people traveling to
shop, sightsee, attend concerts, and for a wide range of other
activities. Leisure travelers may be groups, families, or
individuals. They can be senior citizens riding a motor coach on
a guided tour of historical sites and youngsters traveling with
their families to participate in a regional soccer tournament.
Leisure travelers often travel on the weekends, but, especially in
the summer, they also travel through the week.
 Depending upon its location, a hotel may find that the great
majority of its guests are leisure travelers. A hotel on a Florida
beach, for example, may attract guests primarily because of the
beach. However, hotels that attract leisure travelers may still
attract business travelers. The opposite is also true. Hotels
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Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

primarily designed for business travelers may also host large

numbers of leisure travelers.

Business Travelers

 Business travelers make up a large and extremely important

portion of the travel business. As noted in the preceding section,
people attending conferences/meetings (25%) or traveling or
business reasons (29%) comprise more than half of travelers.
Business travelers include those who attend work- related
meetings, seminars, and conferences. Salespersons for
business must travel to meet clients, demonstrate new products,
and learn new skills.
 Business travelers tend to spend more money for their overnight
stays and also look for amenities and guest services not always
offered at hotels geared toward leisure travelers.

LODGING LANGUAGE

 Amenities: Hotel products and services designed to attract

guests. Examples include Internet access and copying
services, in-room hair dryers, irons, ironing boards, and
microwave ovens, as well as indoor pools, exercise rooms, and
in-room movies.
 Much business travel involves trips to large cities; however,
even the smallest of towns and the hotels located in those
towns attract business travelers who are driving through a
smaller town on the way to a city.

PARTNERS IN THE LODGING INDUSTRY

 Many organizations, groups, and even entire industries assist

hoteliers in serving overnight guests. The transportation industry
helps guests travel to and from hotels. Travel agents assist
travelers to select a mode of transportation and give advice
about which hotels are best for a specific traveler’s needs, and
tour operators assist travel agents in their work. Increasingly,
the Internet has influenced the way travel industry services are
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Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

marketed and purchased, and the role of Web site operators is,
therefore, of increasing importance.

Transportation Services

 When a traveler decides to take a trip, one of the first and most
important decisions concerns the kind of transportation to be
used. Accessibility, speed, comfort, and cost all influence the
choice. Generally, the fastest transportation methods also tend
to be the most expensive. Historically, stagecoaches,
steamships, and railroads developed travel routes that
accommodated mail, freight, and passengers. Today, some
businesses in the transportation industry, such as the United
Parcel Service (UPS) and Federal Express (FedEx), specialize
in transporting freight only. Others emphasize passenger
transportation, and still others provide both. In the United
States, the most popular forms of passenger transportation are
airplanes, buses, trains, and automobiles, and these are the
businesses most likely to work closely with hoteliers.

AIRLINES

 Airline travel is the preferred method for the majority of leisure

and business travelers whose destinations are far from their
origination point. Airline travel is fast, and its popularity
continues to grow. As a result, U.S. airlines carry well more than
500 million passengers per year.
 The airline industry is a partner with the hotel industry because
many travelers fly into an airport, are picked up there by a hotel-
owned and operated hotel shuttle, and are then driven to the
hotel, where they can check in to their room. In these cases, the
shuttle also returns the travelers to the airport when they are
ready to depart.

LODGING LANGUAGE

 Hotel shuttle: A vehicle used by a hotel to transport guests to

and from such destinations as airports, restaurants, and
shopping.
 BUS LINES
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Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

 •Buses are an important part of the travel industry and can have
a substantial effect on a hotel’s occupancy. Their use for long-
distance transportation by individual travelers is much less than
that of airplanes and automobiles. However, buses are used by
economy- minded travelers and by travelers being shuttled from
airports, train stations, and parking areas. For many hoteliers,
the most important role played by the bus lines is that of
transporting charter travel groups.

LODGING LANGUAGE

 Charter: A form of transportation rented exclusively for a specific

group of travelers. Planes and buses are often chartered for
group travel.
 Charter buses often transport groups of travelers for less money
than they would have to pay if they flew to the same destination.
In some cases, chartered bus routes operating regularly
between cities within 100 or 200 miles of each other may
actually be faster than air travel, especially with new airport
security measures. Therefore, bus travel can often be
inexpensive and rapid.
 The federal government defines a bus as a passenger-carrying
vehicle designed to seat at least 16 people including the driver.
While there are no universal definitions, bus industry
professionals generally recognize the following bus types:
 Economy: School-type buses are the lowest-cost option for
group travelers. These vehicles typically are arranged with
bench (not individual) seating and contain no restroom facilities.
 Deluxe Motor Coach: This tour-type bus is the most selected
for longer trips or for groups seeking more comfort than is
available on an economy bus. The typical seating is 40 to 55
individual seats with VCR/DVD capability, multiple monitors,
advanced sound systems, and restroom facilities.
 Executive Motor Coach: This top-of-the-line bus is chosen by
those who prefer extra-luxurious bus travel. Executive coaches
are custom-made. Options vary, but typically include full
bedrooms, showers, kitchens, and social and meeting spaces.
The maximum capacity for buses of this type ranges from 5 to
20 persons.
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Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

 Buses are generally welcomed by restaurant and hotel

managers who want to attract bus operators for the increased
business they can generate.

TRAINS

 Passenger train transportation was critical to the early

expansion and development of the United States. However,
today the number of people who prefer to travel by train is much
less than those who travel by airplane or automobile. In some
areas, especially those that are densely populated, trains still
play a major role in public transportation.
 Historically, hotels were often built within a short distance of the
train station. Today, while trains still move freight cost-
effectively, it is generally unprofitable to operate trains for
passenger transportation. Why? Public dollars are used to build
airports, and airline companies utilize their profit from doing so.
The automobile industry has benefited from the immense
investment in public roads and highways as the federal
government developed the Interstate highway system. Newly
built hotels are often located near interchanges or exits on these
highways. In addition, state and local governments annually
invest significant tax dollars in road construction and
maintenance projects.
 The average American citizen has been less enthusiastic,
however, about using public dollars to purchase the land, track,
and equipment needed for a reliable passenger rail system. An
exception is the nationwide passenger rail routes operated by
Amtrak.
 The name “Amtrak” results from the blending of the words
“American” and “Track.” Its official name is the National Railroad
Passenger Corporation. Amtrak is not a part of the federal
government, but since its inception in 1971, it has been
dependent upon the federal government (and some state
governments) for grants that allow it to continue operations.
 The Amtrak system carries more than 65,000 passengers per
day. New York, Philadelphia, and Washington are the areas
where trains are most used and reflect the use of rail for large-
city commuting rather than long-distance travel. Hotels located
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Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

near train stations along these routes can generate substantial

revenue volumes from these passengers.

RENTAL CARS

 Automobiles are the most popular method of travel in the United

States, and the impact of their drivers and passengers on the
hotel business is tremendous. Many American families own one
or more cars, and use them extensively for short-distance travel.
People who travel by air will frequently rent a car or other
vehicle upon arrival at their destination.
 The car rental business is an important part of the transportation
industry and consists of all business that rent or lease
passenger cars, vans, trucks, and utility trailers. Some of these
businesses offer only short-term rental, others only longer-term
leases, and some provide both services.
 California, Florida, and Texas have the greatest number of car
rental outlets and the largest number of vehicles rented.
Hoteliers who enjoy a close association with their local car
rental businesses often find that travelers renting cars ask for
advice about where to stay when they pick up their cars.
Therefore, hotels can gain business from rental agency
referrals.

Travel Agents

 Assume that you were going to take an auto trip to a town 50

miles away. If you had previously driven there several times,
you probably would not need help planning your trip. Now
assume that even though you have never been there, you must
plan a trip to Europe for 21 days for yourself and five other
people. In this case, you are likely to want the services of an
experienced travel agent.

LODGING LANGUAGE

 Travel agent: A professional who assists clients in planning and

purchasing travel.
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Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

 For many travelers, the knowledge and skill of professional

travel planners are important to the success of the trip.
Constantly changing airfares and schedules, thousands of
avails- able vacation packages, and the vast amount of
information available on the Internet can make travel planning
frustrating and time-consuming. To sort out their travel options,
many leisure and business travelers seek the advice of a travel
agent. According to a 2008 PhoCusWright survey, travel agents
booked:
85 percent of all cruises
70 percent of all tour packages
50 percent of all airline tickets
30 percent of all hotel rooms
25 percent of all car rentals

 Many Americans use travel agents to book business or leisure

trips, flights, hotel rooms, rental cars, and tours, but travelers
are increasingly using the Internet to learn about and purchase
travel services, and as a result the use of travel agents has
declined somewhat. Older consumers are more likely to use
travel agents than younger ones. Travelers who use travel
agents tend to be wealthier, take longer trips, and travel more
frequently.
 Travel agents offer their clients individual tickets or packages
and organize tailor- made travel on request.

LODGING LANGUAGE

 Package: A group of travel services, such as hotel rooms,

meals, and airfare, sold for one price. For example, a
Valentine’s Day Getaway package to Las Vegas suggested by a
travel agent might include airfare, lodging, meals, and show
tickets for two people at an all-inclusive price.
 Travel agents generally advise about and sell vacation
packages, air tickets, cruises, hotel bookings, car rentals, and
other services. Many corporations have their own in-house
travel agents. This is especially true when many members of the
company do a lot of traveling to visit their own clients, make
sales presentations, or attend meetings and conferences. The
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Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

Association of Corporate Travel Executives (www.acte.org/) was

formed to meet the needs of this important group of travel
professionals. Whether retained by individuals or working for
corporate employers, travel agents inform and advise travelers
about the best ways to maximize their experiences and
minimize their expenses.
 In the hospitality industry, hotel managers interact with travel
agents on a daily basis because in most hotels a large
percentage of the reservations will be made by travel agents
using the Global Distribution System (GDS), which electronically
links travel agents worldwide to individual hotel reservation
systems.

LODGING LANGUAGE

 Global Distribution System (GDS): Commonly referred to as the

GDS, this computer system connects travel professionals
worldwide for the purpose of reserving hotel rooms and other
services for their clients.
 Travel agents have historically worked on a commission basis
for the hotel room and airline services they sold. In 2002,
however, most large airlines eliminated travel agent
commissions. Today, over 90 percent travel agents charge for
their travel planning services. Hotels, however, still typically pay
commissions to travel agents who book rooms for clients. This
commission is usually 10 percent of the hotel room’s price.
 Regardless of how they are paid, travel agents’ contract for
travel services on behalf of their clients. As a result, they have a
legal responsibility to act in the best interests of their clients.
Hoteliers should remember that while travel agents collect
commissions from hotels, they actually work for the traveler.
Wise hoteliers know that a good working relationship with local
and national travel agents and the groups to which they belong
is vital to their success.

Online Travel Agents

 People and companies operating Web sites that allow travelers

to reserve (book) hotel rooms online are increasingly important
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Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

partners to hoteliers. These online travel agent (OTA) sites are

increasingly popular with travelers.

LODGING LANGUAGE

 Online travel agent (OTA): An organization that provides travel

booking services on the Internet.
 Hotel managers can create their own Web sites and sell their
rooms directly to consumers who use the Internet to reserve
rooms. Many hotels, however, also utilize intermediary Web site
operators, such as Expedia and Travelocity, which sell hotel
rooms online for numerous hotel companies.
 Consumers like to visit these sites to compare prices, hotel
features, and locations before they make their hotel selections.
Just as hotel companies have historically relied upon travel
agents to “sell” hotel rooms, hoteliers now rely on OTAs to do
so. Rather than working for a commission as travel agents have
traditionally done, OTAs charge hotels a fee for each room sold.
These fees are often negotiable. They are based upon the
number of rooms the OTA books for the hotel, the hotel’s room
rates, and the favorable positioning of the hotel on the OTA’s
Web site.
 There are two main models OTAs use to partner with hotels:
 Opaque Rate Model. In this model, room rates are not seen by
guests until they have successfully “bid” for a room. Guests
decide the amount they will pay. Then the OTA matches the
guest’s request with hotels willing to sell rooms at that price.
Priceline.com is, perhaps, the most well-known OTA using this
approach.
 Merchant Model. In this model, room rates (often heavily
discounted) are readily viewed online by potential guests. They
book their rooms through the OTA, who then charges the hotel
a fee for each reservation made. Examples include Hotels.com,
Travelocity.com, and Expedia.com.
 The sale of travel services on the Internet is big business, and it
is anticipated that it will continue to grow. While the recession of
2008 and 2009 slowed the online purchase of travel services
somewhat, experts predict that in the 2010s, more than 50
percent of all hotel bookings will be completed on the Internet.
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Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

Therefore, the partnership between hoteliers and OTA operators

will continue to be critical to a hotel’s success.

Tour Operators

 Tour operators are another important part of the travel industry.

These travel professionals work closely with travel agencies but
are, from a legal perspective, distinctly different.

LODGING LANGUAGE

 Tour operator: A company or individual who plans and markets

travel packages.
 While travel agents work directly for their clients and have a
legal responsibility to act in their best interests, tour operators
create packages that are designed to make a profit for the tour
operator.
 A tour operator can be any of a varied group of companies that
purchase travel services in large quantities and then market the
same services directly or through travel agents to individual
travelers. A travel agent may recommend that a traveler buy a
specific travel package. However, it is the tour operator who
must develop the package, market it, and sell it to travel agency
clients.
 The tour operator would market the New Orleans package to
travel agents through- out the country. They, in turn, might
recommend the trip to their clients. If the package offered
attractive prices and activities, clients might purchase it. The
result: travelers from around the country will buy the tour
operator’s New Orleans package. If it is profitable, the tour
operator might offer it again.
 Because they purchase travel services in large quantities, tour
operators can often obtain a significant discount, add a mark-up
that represents their profit margin, and still offer lower prices
than travelers could negotiate individually.
 Tour operators can offer a variety of services. They may only
sell self-guided trips, such as airline tickets to a large city, hotel
reservations at a specific hotel, and tickets to the theater at a
specific date and time. In this case, it is not a guided tour, nor is
it directly managed by the tour operator. Any buyer could
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Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

purchase the package, travel on the plane, stay in the hotel, and
visit the theater.

LODGING LANGUAGE

 Guided tour: A group tour package that includes the services of

one or more tour guides.
 Alternatively, a tour operator might decide to offer a full-service
guided tour that includes transportation, hotel rooms, meals,
activities, and the use of tour guides to serve as the travelers’
escorts.
 Hoteliers interact with tour operators in several ways:
 • Negotiating hotel rates offered to tour operators
 • Hosting tour-package buyers within their hotels
 • Assisting travelers who experience difficulties with one or more
features of the tour related to the hotel’s services
 • Working with travel agents to market tours that include the
hotelier’s hotel(s)
 • Providing hotel service at levels high enough to ensure a
continued positive relationship between the tour operator and
the hotel

INDUSTRY TRADE ASSOCIATIONS

 You have learned that hoteliers work with other professionals in

the tourism industry to meet the needs of the traveling public. In
many cases, hoteliers work with their peers to meet their own
professional development needs and to communicate their
viewpoints to the public, to government, and to other policy-
making entities that affect their industry.

LODGING LANGUAGE

 Professional development: The process by which hoteliers

continue to improve their knowledge and skills.
 Trade associations typically hold monthly and annual gatherings
and, in conjunction with these meetings, may offer educational
seminars/workshops to improve the knowledge and skills of
their members. As well, most trade associations invite
companies that sell products and services of interest to the
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Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

membership to participate in a trade show held in conjunction

with their annual meeting. These shows attract vendors
interested in showcasing their latest products and services.
Trade shows are an extremely efficient way for show attendees
to quickly learn about new products and services. Many
associations also have both state- and local-level chapters,
some of which also host their own trade shows.

LODGING LANGUAGE

 Trade shows: An industry-specific event that allows suppliers to

an industry to interact with, educate, and sell to individuals who
are part of the industry; also called an exhibition.
 Vendors: Those who sell products and services to hoteliers.
 There are several trade associations that assist and represent
the lodging industry:
 • American Hotel & Lodging Association. Formerly known as the
American Hotel and Motel Association, this is the largest and
oldest national hotel trade association in the country. Founded
in 1910 and now based in Washington, D.C., it is a collection of
state-level hotel associations working together to meet the
educational, social, and legislative needs of its members.
 The organization is overseen by a board of directors consisting
of a chairperson, vice-chairperson, secretary/treasurer, directors
(elected by their respective states), an allied member, a
corporate board director, and a representative from the National
Restaurant Association.
 Asian American Hotel Owners Association. The stated purpose
of this group is to provide “an active forum in which Asian
American Hotel Owners, through an exchange of ideas with a
unified voice, can communicate, interact, and secure their
proper position within the hospitality industry, and be a source of
inspiration by promoting professionalism and excellence through
education and community involvement.” AAHOA is a rapidly
growing group that strongly advocates the interests of individual
hotel owners.
 International Hotel & Restaurant Association. This group, based
in Paris, France, is an international association exclusively
devoted to promoting and defending the interests of the
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Industry Management

worldwide hotel and restaurant industry. It is a non- profit

membership organization that helps its members achieve their
business objectives and prepare for the future.
 Educational Institute (E.I.) of the American Hotel & Lodging
Association. While not technically a separate trade association,
this group, located in Orlando, Florida, is affiliated with the
American Hotel & Lodging Association. It creates and markets
professional development and training programs for the hotel
industry. The mission of E.I. is to help hotel owners and
managers become better trained and to provide resources that
allow them to upgrade the knowledge and job skills of their own
hotel staff members. Hoteliers can join E.I. by becoming
certified in a variety of specific hotel operating areas, including
sales and marketing, food and beverage, and housekeeping
and security.

ASSIGNMENT:

1. Base on your stock knowledge, Give me your own understanding

about the following

 Lodging Industry
 Travelers
 Bed and Breakfast Inns
 Casino
 Private Clubs
2. What are the Lodging Industry and Hospitality Industry? Is there
any Difference and similarities between those two?
3. Give the Management Company Pros and Cons
 University of Caloocan City
Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

ONLINE QUIZ

1. What are the 2 types of travelers?

2. It offers very limited food and beverage service
3. It is another type of facilities offer sleeping accommodations for
specific types of individuals who spend one or more nights way
from their homes?
4. The ratio of guest rooms sold (or given away) to the number of
guest rooms available for sale in a given time period and expressed
as a percentage.
5. A passenger vessel designed to provide leisure experiences for
people on vacation at sea.
6. Businesses such as bus lines, airlines, and rental car companies
that help move travelers from place to place
7. This tour-type bus is the most selected for longer trips or for groups
seeking more comfort than is available on an economy bus.
8. Refers to persons who travel because they like the experience of
visiting new places, are returning to places they have previously
visited, or are participating in some leisure activity
9. A company or individual who plans and markets travel packages.
10. The food and beverage and lodging operations (including hotels)
that house and feed travelers.

ANSWERS:

1. Affluent travelers and Luxury travelers

2. Limited-service hotel
3. Noncommercial operations
4. Occupancy rate
5. Cruise ship
6. Transportation Services
7. Deluxe Motor Coach
8. leisure traveler
9. Tour operator
10. Hospitality
 University of Caloocan City
Department of Tourism and Hospitality
Industry Management

REFERENCE

 https://classroom.google.com/u/1/c/MTMxODc4OTU3MzIx/p/MT
M5OTUwMDE3MzQx/details
 https://www.travelpulse.com/news/features/the-surprising-
difference-between-affluent-and-luxury-travelers.html
 https://wps.prenhall.com/chet_hayes_foundations_2/186/47658/
12200658.cw/index.html
 https://study.com/academy/lesson/hospitality-industry-history-
origin.html
 https://classroom.google.com/u/1/c/MTMxODc4OTU3MzIx