Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.
PROFROMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR
DISSERTATION
ofthose advancement in new-born care, a simple, low cost and effective method,
i.e, Kangaroo Mother Care has been evolved in last few decades. Kangaroo care
is a technique of direct skin - to - skin contact between mothers (or fathers) and
state, strengthen mother and infant bonding and stimulate maternal lactation.
Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, has been researching KMC for twelve
years. He believes restoring the original model of the infant-mother early care
rather than our present incubator, bottle and feeding formula model can result in
Inferring from mammalian animal behaviour, believe that there is much
wrong with our present way of treating the new-born. On recent findings in
which begins and directs the attachment process that is aided by skin contact
with the mother. The mother responds to her infant’s “attachment program” and
mother and infant set up a mutually stimulating system to which both respond by
placed on the mother’s chest, within one hour, the baby will pull itself to the
A recent research conducted by Dr. Joy Lawn of ‘Save the Children’
which revealed the most effective intervention to reduce newborn and child
deaths globally. The most fascinating finding arising from Dr Lawn’s study was
that provides early skin-to skin contact between the baby and the parents.
Low birth weight is one of the major health problems throughout the world. All
such neonates can benefit from an effective and efficient human care model
Worldwide more than 20 million babies are born each year with low
birth weight. This represents 15.5% all births. Of these low birth weight babies,
95.6% are born in developing countries. The World Health Organization defines
low birth weight baby at birth less than 2500grams. Of these babies,
approximately one third die before stabilization or first twelve hours. Low birth
weight and very low birth weight babies require intensive neonatal nursing and
of incubators and warmers are not seen. Hence Kangaroo mother care(KMC)
method of caring can be used as a substitute for conventional way of caring the
babies, which needs very less equipment and less costly way of caring with little
knowledge.
Newborn care has greatly benefited from major technical advances in the
of the premature neonate. From birth, primary care for the infant is transferred
knowledge and skills needed to provide kangaroo care safely and effectively
enable the student nurses to overcome barriers to the practice of kangaroo care.
procedures that will lead to successful kangaroo care which can minimize the
India over a period of 9 months, among 206 neonates with birth weight <2000g.
The subjects were randomized into two groups, the interventional group(KMC-
average weight gain per day(KMC: 23.99g vs CMC: 15.58g, P< 0.0001) This
study shows Kangaroo mother care improves growth and reduces morbidities in
low birth weight infants. It is simple, acceptable to mothers and can be continued
at home6.
on physical growth, breastfeeding and its acceptability. The aim of this study was
low birth weight infants would improve physical growth, breastfeeding and its
which 110 neonates were randomized into a KMC group and a control group
(OFC) were measured weekly for three months. The acceptability of KMC by
mothers and nursing staff was assessed on day 7 after the start of KMC using a
based on history at end of three months. The exclusive breast-feeding rate at end
of three months was 88% in the KMC group compared to 72% in the control
group (P < 0.05).The result shown that, KMC improved physical growth,
breastfeeding rates and was well accepted by both mothers and nursing staff7.
newborn mortality when stabilized babies weighing less than four pounds (2,000
gm) received warmth and breast milk through continuous skin-to-skin contact on
the chest of their mothers. The findings suggest that up to half a million newborn
deaths due to preterm birth complications could be prevented each year if
Kangaroo Mother Care were available for all preterm babies, particularly in low-
income countries, where newborn mortality rates are highest. The results show
that, 'Kangaroo Mother Care' Reduces Newborn Deaths More than 50 percent8.
0.68). The method was always associated with the following reduced risks:
95% confidence interval 0.25 to 0.93), severe illness (relative risk 0.30, 95%
(relative risk 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.89) and better gain of
weight per day (weighted mean difference 3.6 g/day, 95% confidence interval
the two groups. The study concludes the Kangaroo mother care appears to reduce
488 infants weighing <2001 g, with 246 in the KMC group and 242 in the
feelings and perceptions of her premature birth experience, including her sense
The second outcome is derived from observations of the mother and child's
responsiveness to each other during breastfeeding at 41 weeks of gestational age.
The studyshow that, a change in the mothers' perception of her child, attributable
suggest that KMC should be promoted actively and that mothers should be
encouraged to use it as soon as possible during the intensive care period up to the
during kangaroo care in low birth weight infants. The objective of this study was
cerebral oxygenation (rSO2), heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR) measured by
pulse oxymetry was monitored in 16 preterm infants (< 1600 g) in three sessions:
before, during, and after KC. The study reports that, KC intervention appears to
parameters. The study concludes of rSO2 and HR might be associated with quiet
sleep states. The results of this study may indicate the contribution of KC
newborns delivered in a general Hospital, in Iran, from March to July 2006. They
were randomly assigned to case and control groups. The case group received 30
minutes skin to skin contact, whereas infants in the control group were put,
wrapped in a blanket, aside the mothers. Behavioral changes of newborns were
evaluated and observed 2 minutes before, during, and 3 minutes after the
intervention. All procedures were filmed. The finding show, Mean pain intensity
Mean pain intensity 3 minutes after intervention was also significantly lower in
the case group (P<0.021). Mean duration of crying was significantly lower in
case group as well (P<0.001).The study concludes that, Kangaroo care may be
According to the results of this study KMC decreased pain severity in neonates
nursing staff and mothers towards kangaroo mother care in the eastern sub-
admitted to the Helderberg District Hospital (HDH); six nurses from the HDH;
and nine nurses from the seven antenatal clinics that the mothers attended. The
that, Most of the mothers lacked prior knowledge of KMC, and were only
informed about it when they were admitted to the KMC ward. All of the nursing
staff who were engaged in KMC (n = 15) had a positive attitude towards
hospitals in Mangalore. One group pre-test post-test design was used. The mean
post-test knowledge scores were higher than pre test scores indicating the
post-test design was adopted. The findings revealed that the SIM was very
effective (p<0.05). The mean post test score (56%) was higher than the mean
6.3.Statement of Problem;
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE(SIM) ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING
KANGAROO MOTHER CARE(KMC) AMONG IIIrd YEAR B.Sc. NURSING
STUDENTS IN SELECTED COLLEGES, BANGALORE.
3. To find out the association between knowledgeof B.Sc. nursing III year
6.5 Variables
Independent Variables: Self -Instructional Module.
Dependent Variable :Knowledge of B.Sc. nursing III year students
students.
refers to knowledge gained by B.Sc. nursing III year students through SIM.
Kangaroo Mother Care: Kangaroo mother Care is a type of care for preterm
infants by their parents that provide early skin-to-skin contact between the baby
B.Sc. NursingIII year students: The students who have opted to study the
knowledge scores.
7. MATERIALS & METHODS:
7.1:SOURCE OF DATA: Data will be collected by using structured
nursing, Bangalore.
selected
SelectedNursingColleges, Bangalore.
Exclusion criteria:-
1. Students who are appeared seminar regarding KMC
7.2.8.Data collection Tools ;
A structured knowledge questionnaire will be used to assess the
Section – A
Section – B
Section – A:-
Consists of demographic variables such as age, sex, religion, family income,
Section – B:-
Knowledge questionnaire on Kangaroo Mother Care.
informed written consent will be obtained from the subject, after explaining
http://www.primals.org/articles/torngren06.html
http://blog.babesinarms.com.au/2010/04/
URL: http://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/
of the very low birth weight baby? International child health review
URL:www.ichrc.org
mother care research study: a work in progress. Infant 2008; 4(5): 163-
nursing.co.uk/pdf/inf_023_mer.pdf
http://www.indianpediatrics.net/jan2008/jan-17-23.htm
7. Gathwala G, Singh B, Singh J. Effect of kangaroo mother care on
http://td.rsmjournals.com/content/40/4/199.abstract
newborn deaths more than 50 percent [Online] 2010 [cited 2010 Mar
http://www.prweb.com/releases/Kangaroo_Mother_Care/Save_the_Chil
dren/prweb3803284.htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15583768
URL:http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/102/2/e17
from: URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/8/51
URL: http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?pe11017
13. Solomon N, Rosant C. Knowledge and attitudes of nursing staff and
http://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajcn/article/viewFile/75033/65617
9 Signature of the Candidate
11.1 Guide
11.2 Signature
11.4 Signature
11.6 Signature
Principal
12.2 Signature