Class X - NCERT –Maths EXERCISE NO: 15.

Question 1:
In a cricket math, a batswoman hits a boundary 6 times out of 30 balls she plays. Find the probability that she
did not hit a boundary.

Solution 1:

Number of times the batswoman hits a boundary = 6

Total number of balls played = 30
∴ Number of times that the batswoman does not hit a boundary = 30 − 6 = 24
Number of times when she does not hit boundary
P (she does not hit a boundary) =
Total number of balls played
24 4
= 
30 5

Question 2:
1500 families with 2 children were selected randomly, and the following data were recorded:

Compute the probability of a family, chosen at random, having

(i) 2 girls
(ii) 1 girl
(iii) No girl

Also check whether the sum of these probabilities is 1.

Solution 2:
Total number of families = 475 + 814 + 211 = 1500

(i) Number of families having 2 girls = 475

Number of families having 2 girls

P1 (a randomly chosen family has 2 girls) =
Total number of families
475 19
 
1500 60

(ii) Number of families having 1 girl = 814

 Number of families having 1 girl
P2 (a randomly chosen family has 1 girl) =
Total number of families
814 407
 
1500 750

(iii) Number of families having no girl = 211

Number of families having no girl

P3 (a randomly chosen family has no girl) =
Total number of families
211

1500

19 407 211
Sum of all these probabilities   
60 750 1500
475  814  211

1500
1500
 1
1500

Therefore, the sum of all these probabilities is 1.

Question 3:
In a particular section of Class IX, 40 students were asked about the months of their birth and the following
graph was prepared for the data so obtained:

Find the probability that a student of the class was born in August.

Solution 3:
Number of students born in the month of August = 6
Total number of students = 40
Number of students born in August
P (Students born in the month of August) =
Total number of students
6 3
 
40 20
Question 4:
Three coins are tossed simultaneously 200 times with the following frequencies of different outcomes:

If the three coins are simultaneously tossed again, compute the probability of 2 heads coming up.

Solution 4:
Number of times 2 heads come up = 72
Total number of times the coins were tossed = 200
Number of times 2 heads come up
P (2 heads will come up) =
Total number of times the coins were tossed
72 9
 
200 25

Question 5:
An organization selected 2400 families at random and surveyed them to determine a relationship between
income level and the number of vehicles in a family. The information gathered is listed in the table below:

Suppose a family is chosen, find the probability that the family chosen is

(i) earning Rs. 10000−13000 per month and owning exactly 2 vehicles.
(ii) earning Rs. 16000 or more per month and owning exactly 1 vehicle.
(iii) earning less than Rs. 7000 per month and does not own any vehicle.
(iv) earning Rs. 13000−16000 per month and owning more than 2 vehicles.
(v) owning not more than 1 vehicle.

Solution 5:
Number of total families surveyed = 10 + 160 + 25 + 0 + 0 + 305 + 27 + 2 + 1 + 535 + 29 + 1 + 2 + 469 + 59 +
25 + 1 + 579 + 82 + 88 = 2400
 (i) Number of families earning Rs. 10000−13000 per month and owning exactly 2 vehicles = 29
29
Hence, required probability, P 
2400
(ii) Number of families earning Rs. 16000 or more per month and owning exactly 1 vehicle = 579
579
Hence, required probability, P 
2400
(iii) Number of families earning less than Rs. 7000 per month and does not own any vehicle = 10
10 1
Hence, required probability, P  
2400 240
(iv) Number of families earning Rs. 13000−16000 per month and owning more than 2 vehicles = 25
25 1
Hence, required probability, P  
2400 96
(v) Number of families owning not more than 1 vehicle = 10 + 160 + 0 + 305 + 1 + 535 + 2 + 469 + 1 +
579 = 2062
2062 1031
Hence, required probability, P  
2400 1200

Question 6:
A teacher wanted to analyse the performance of two sections of students in a mathematics test of 100 marks.
Looking at their performances, she found that a few students got under 20 marks and a few got 70 marks or
above. So she decided to group them into intervals of varying sizes as follows: 0−20, 20−30, …, 60−70,
70−100. Then she formed the following table:

(i) Find the probability that a student obtained less than 20% in the mathematics test.
(ii) Find the probability that a student obtained marks 60 or above.

Solution 6:
Total number of students = 90
(i) Number of students getting less than 20 % marks in the test = 7
 7
Hence, required probability, P 
90
(ii) Number of students obtaining marks 60 or above = 15 + 8 = 23
23
Hence, required probability, P 
90

Question 7:
To know the opinion of the students about the subject statistics, a survey of 200 students was conducted. The
data is recorded in the following table.

Find the probability that a student chosen at random

(i) likes statistics
(ii) does not like it

Solution 7:
Total number of students = 135 + 65 = 200
(i) Number of students liking statistics = 135
135 27
P (students liking statistics) = 
200 40
(ii) Number of students who do not like statistics = 65
65 13
P (students not liking statistics) = 
200 40

Question 8:
The distance (in km) of 40 engineers from their residence to their place of work were found as follows:

5 3 10 20 25 11 13 7 12 31
19 10 12 17 18 11 32 17 16 2
7 9 7 8 3 5 12 15 18 3
12 14 2 9 6 15 15 7 6 12

What is the empirical probability that an engineer lives:

(i) less than 7 km from her place of work?

(ii) more than or equal to 7 km from her place of work?
(iii) within ½ km from her place of work?

Solution 8:
(i) Total number of engineers = 40
Number of engineers living less than 7 km from their place of work = 9
 9
Hence, required probability that an engineer lives less than 7 km from her place of work, P 
40
(ii) Number of engineers living more than or equal to 7 km from their place of work = 40 − 9 = 31
31
Hence, required probability that an engineer lives more than or equal to 7 km from her place of work, P 
40
(iii) Number of engineers living within ½ km from her place of work = 0

Hence, required probability that an engineer lives within ½ km from her place of work, P = 0

Question 11:
Eleven bags of wheat flour, each marked 5 kg, actually contained the following weights of flour (in kg):
4.97, 5.05, 5.08, 5.03, 5.00, 5.06, 5.08, 4.98, 5.04, 5.07, 5.00
Find the probability that any of these bags chosen at random contains more than 5 kg of flour.

Solution 11 :
Number of total bags = 11
Number of bags containing more than 5 kg of flour = 7
7
Hence, required probability, P 
11

Question 12:
The below frequency distribution table represents the concentration of sulphur dioxide in the air in parts per
million of a certain city for 30 days. Using this table,
find the probability of the concentration of sulphur dioxide in the interval 0.12−0.16
on any of these days.

Solution 12 :
Number days for which the concentration of sulphur dioxide was in the interval of 0.12−0.16 = 2
Total number of days = 30
2 1
Hence, required probability, P 
30 15

Question 13:
The below frequency distribution table represents the blood groups of 30 students of a class. Use this table to
determine the probability that a student of this class, selected at random, has blood group AB.

Solution13:

Number of students having blood group AB = 3

Total number of students = 30
3 1
Hence, required probability, P  
30 10