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    Physiology is defined as the study of the functions of the body's systems and organs. The document outlines the history and scope of physiology, from its origins in ancient civilizations to its modern study of molecules, cells, tissues, and organ systems. Key developments include the founding of the Physiological Society in 1876 and the American Physiological Society in 1887. Physiology aims to understand both normal biological functions and pathological changes that lead to disease.

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    Physiology is defined as the study of the functions of the body's systems and organs. The document outlines the history and scope of physiology, from its origins in ancient civilizations to its modern study of molecules, cells, tissues, and organ systems. Key developments include the founding of the Physiological Society in 1876 and the American Physiological Society in 1887. Physiology aims to understand both normal biological functions and pathological changes that lead to disease.

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    Physiology is defined as the study of the functions of the body's systems and organs. The document outlines the history and scope of physiology, from its origins in ancient civilizations to its modern study of molecules, cells, tissues, and organ systems. Key developments include the founding of the Physiological Society in 1876 and the American Physiological Society in 1887. Physiology aims to understand both normal biological functions and pathological changes that lead to disease.

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    4 - History - and - Scope of Physiology

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    Physiology is defined as the study of the functions of the body's systems and organs. The document outlines the history and scope of physiology, from its origins in ancient civilizations to its modern study of molecules, cells, tissues, and organ systems. Key developments include the founding of the Physiological Society in 1876 and the American Physiological Society in 1887. Physiology aims to understand both normal biological functions and pathological changes that lead to disease.

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    Histor y & Scope of

    Physiology
    Dr. Adamu Isa Imam

    Date: September 21, 2020

    1
    Our Objective
    By the successful completion of this
    presentation, you are expected to:
    Specific Learning

    ✓ Define physiology
    Outcomes

    ✓ Describe the scope of study of physiology

    ✓ Mention development of physiology


    learning in successive historical eras

    ✓ Explain the role of physiology in medicine

    2
    Definition of physiology
    • Physiology is defined as the study of functions of
    various systems and different organs of the body
    • Types:
    – Human Physiology, Animal Physiology and Plant Physiology.
    • Knowledge of Human Physiology is essential to
    understand:
    – The other allied subjects like Biochemistry, Pharmacology,
    Pathology, Medicine, etc.
    The scope of study of physiology
    The basic physiological functions include:
    – provision of oxygen and nutrients
    – removal of metabolites and other waste products
    – maintenance of blood pressure, body temperature,
    hunger and thirst
    – locomotor functions
    – special sensory functions
    – reproduction
    – higher intellectual functions like learning and memory.

    4
    The scope of study of physiology
    • Human Physiology is usually studied under the
    following headings:
    – General Physiology
    – Blood and Body Fluids
    – Muscle Physiology
    – Digestive System
    – Renal Physiology and Excretion Physiology
    – Endocrinology
    – Reproductive System
    – Cardiovascular System
    – Respiratory System and Environmental physiology
    – Nervous System
    5 – Special Senses
    Historical Origin
    • Physiology from the Greek:
    – physis “nature, origin” and logos “speech”
    • The modern meaning:
    – “The study of the workings, both structural and
    functional of all living things”.
    • Physiology encompasses:
    – Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems,
    Organisms

    6
    Development of physiology learning

    • Dates back to:


    – Ancient civilizations of India and Egypt
    – At least 420 BC
    – Hippocrates time also known as the "father
    of medicine.“

    7
    Development of physiology learning
    • Aristotle:
    – Emphasizes on the relationship between structure and
    function (Ancient Greece)
    • Claudius Galenus (c. ~130–200 AD):
    – First to use experiments to probe the functions of the
    body.
    • Jean Fernel (1497–1558)
    – Introduced the term "physiology"

    8
    Development of physiology learning
    • Joseph Lister (1858)
    – Studied the cause of blood coagulation and inflammation
    • Claude Bernard's (1813–1878)
    – Concept of milieu interieur (internal environment)
    • Walter B. Cannon in (1929)
    – Coined the word "homeostasis“
    • William Beaumont
    – The first American to utilize the practical application of
    physiology.

    9
    Development of physiology learning
    • The Physiological Society:
    – Founded in London in 1876
    • The American Physiological Society (APS)
    – Founded in 1887 with 28 members

    10
    Role of physiology in medicine

    • Physiologists aim to:


    – Elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms
    of basic biological phenomena
    – Understand the pathological alterations of these
    processes that result in disease

    11
    Summary
    • Knowledge of Human Physiology is essential to understand
    the other allied subjects

    • Physiology encompasses:

    – Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms

    • Physiological studies date back to ancient civilizations of India


    and Egypt

    • The Physiological Society and American Physiological Societies


    were founded in 1876 and 1887 respectively

    12
    References
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articl
    es/248791.php

    Indu khurana. Medical physiology for UG,


    1st edition, Elsevier publication section 1
    p. 1

    13

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