Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 59 views

    The Cell: Francis Ian Salaver, RMT, MD Christian John Capirig, MD Michael Dann Superio, MSC

    Uploaded by

    Christine Briones
    This document summarizes key aspects of cells and cellular biology. It begins by discussing the basic properties of life and the origins of the first cells. It then explains that cells are small to optimize diffusion rates and the surface area to volume ratio. The document classifies organisms based on their metabolic processes and distinguishes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It concludes by outlining various metabolic pathways used by prokaryotes and eukaryotes, such as aerobic respiration and photosynthesis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    The Cell: Francis Ian Salaver, RMT, MD Christian John Capirig, MD Michael Dann Superio, MSC

    Uploaded by

    Christine Briones
    59 views22 pages
    This document summarizes key aspects of cells and cellular biology. It begins by discussing the basic properties of life and the origins of the first cells. It then explains that cells are small to optimize diffusion rates and the surface area to volume ratio. The document classifies organisms based on their metabolic processes and distinguishes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It concludes by outlining various metabolic pathways used by prokaryotes and eukaryotes, such as aerobic respiration and photosynthesis.

    Original Title

    The Cell

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document summarizes key aspects of cells and cellular biology. It begins by discussing the basic properties of life and the origins of the first cells. It then explains that cells are small to optimize diffusion rates and the surface area to volume ratio. The document classifies organisms based on their metabolic processes and distinguishes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It concludes by outlining various metabolic pathways used by prokaryotes and eukaryotes, such as aerobic respiration and photosynthesis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views22 pages

    The Cell: Francis Ian Salaver, RMT, MD Christian John Capirig, MD Michael Dann Superio, MSC

    Uploaded by

    Christine Briones
    This document summarizes key aspects of cells and cellular biology. It begins by discussing the basic properties of life and the origins of the first cells. It then explains that cells are small to optimize diffusion rates and the surface area to volume ratio. The document classifies organisms based on their metabolic processes and distinguishes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It concludes by outlining various metabolic pathways used by prokaryotes and eukaryotes, such as aerobic respiration and photosynthesis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 22

    The Cell

    Francis Ian Salaver, RMT, MD


    Christian John Capirig, MD
    Michael Dann Superio, MSc
    CONTENTS
    The Beginning of Life
    The Properties of Life
    Why are cells small?
    Classification of Organisms
    based on Metabolic Activities
    Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    The
    Beginning
    of Life

    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    The
    Properties
    of Life

    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    Properties of Life

    Has Has
    Can defined history of
    respond to functions evolution
    High stimulus Can of its parts Can replicate
    degree of extract and and maintain
    chemical transform itself
    complexity energy

    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    Why are
    cells small?

    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    The size of the The rate of
    molecules that diffusion of
    compose it is molecules must
    relatively small. be fast.
    Cells always have the minimum Surface-to-volume ratio must be
    number of biomolecules required optimal to avoid long time
    to function. diffusion.

    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    Classification
    of Cells based
    on Metabolic
    Activity

    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    Prokaryotes
    and
    Eukaryotes

    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    The Biggest
    Biological All cells contain DNA. The total DNA of
    a cell is called a genome. Individual
    Distinction units of heredity controlling individual
    traits coding for a specific protein or
    RNA is called a gene.

    • The earliest cells must have been


    simple, having only the minimum
    apparatus needed to sustain life
    functions.
    • Living things that resemble these earliest
    cells are known as prokaryotes.
    • Include bacteria and cyanobacteria.
    • Single-celled, but can form colonies with
    some simple differentiation.
    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    The Biggest
    Biological All cells contains DNA. The total DNA of
    a cell is called a genome. Individual
    Distinction units of heredity controlling individual
    traits coding for a specific protein or
    RNA is called a gene.

    • As these simple organisms evolved,


    they became more advanced and the
    apparatus they need became more
    specific and complex.
    • Living things that have membrane-bound
    organelles are known as eukaryotes.
    • Complex organisms that can be single-
    celled or multicellular.

    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    Organisms can be classified
    according to their source of
    energy (sunlight or oxidizable
    chemical compounds) and
    their source of carbon for the
    synthesis of cellular material.
    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    Prokaryote
    Metabolic • Prokaryotes have a diverse way of
    taking energy from the
    Processes environment: a different way from
    how humans do.
    • While animals feed on other living
    organisms to get energy, and
    plants rely on the sun, prokaryotes
    rely on multiple ways to metabolize
    food.

    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    Prokaryote
    Metabolic • Prokaryotes utilize the following
    processes to sustain life processes:
    Processes • Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
    • Obligate aerobes need oxygen to live;
    obligate anaerobes need the absence of
    oxygen to live.
    • Facultative aerobes can live with oxygen
    but can resort to anaerobic respiration if
    it is absent.
    • Sulfur metabolism
    • bacteria that rely on this are the
    “producers” in deep-sea ecosystems.
    • Nitrogen metabolism
    • rely on nitrogen-based compounds such
    as ammonia and nitrite; important in
    agriculture.

    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    Eukaryote
    Metabolic • Eukaryotes utilize the following
    processes to sustain life processes:
    Processes • Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
    • Almost all eukaryotes are reliant on
    oxygen, while there are certain eukaryotes
    that are considered facultative anaerobes.

    • Photosynthesis
    • Plants and protozoa that contain
    chlorophyll rely on the energy from the
    sun to generate energy.

    BIOCHEMISTRY BS MLS 2
    SUMMARY
    References
    Campbell, M. K. & Farrell, S. O. (2009). Biochemistry and
    the organization of cells. In Biochemistry 6th Ed. p 2-31.
    Thomson Brooks/Cole, Belmont CA.
    Nelson, D. L., Lehninger, A. L., & Cox, M. M.
    (2008). Lehninger principles of biochemistry. Macmillan.

    You might also like