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Advanced Database Systems (Lecture-2)

The document discusses the three-level architecture of databases, also known as the ANSI-SPARC architecture. It describes the three levels as the internal view (physical level), conceptual view (table level), and external view (what end-users see). The internal view deals with storage, the conceptual view with developers/administrators, and different end-users can have different external views of the same data. The document also outlines personal databases, two-tier client/server databases, and three-tier client/server databases.

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75 views

Advanced Database Systems (Lecture-2)

The document discusses the three-level architecture of databases, also known as the ANSI-SPARC architecture. It describes the three levels as the internal view (physical level), conceptual view (table level), and external view (what end-users see). The internal view deals with storage, the conceptual view with developers/administrators, and different end-users can have different external views of the same data. The document also outlines personal databases, two-tier client/server databases, and three-tier client/server databases.

Uploaded by

Visual Tech
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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In the name of Allah, the most beneficent, the most merciful

Advanced Database Systems


Lecture # 2

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Three level architecture of the database
• Also known as ANSI-SPARC architecture
• (American National Standards Institute, Standards Planning And
Requirements Committee)
• There are three views/levels of the database:
• Internal view
• Conceptual view
• External view

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Three views (levels) of the database
• Internal view
• Concerned with the existence of the database in secondary storage (hard
disk)
• Consists of files and folders etc.
• Also known as physical level
• Conceptual view
• Database administrators and developers work at this level
• Consists of tables
• External view
• How database is presented to a specific end-user
• There can be many external views

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


End- End- End-
user 1 user 2 user 3

External view - 1 External view - 2 External view - 3

Developers/
Conceptual view
Administrators

Secondary
Internal view
storage

database

Fig. 2: Three level architecture of database Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Range of database applications
• Personal databases
• Two-tier client/server databases
• Three-tier client/server databases

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Personal databases
• Support one user
• Reside on a personal computer (e.g. a personal laptop)
• Database, DBMS and application program, all exist on same machine
(computer system)

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Two-tier client/server databases
• Support smart group of people (up to 25)
• The users computers (clients) are linked by means of network
• Each client computer contains a copy of the application program
• Application program provides user interfaces and the business logic
• Database and DBMS exist on a central computer, known as “database
server”
• Database server also connected to the network

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Fig. 3: Two-tier client/server database
Instructor: Furqan Shahid
Two-tier client/server databases …
• Major drawbacks include:
• Significant amount of functionality to be performed by the application
program
• i.e. both user-interface and the business logic
• Any change in user-interface or business logic needs updating each of the
client computers
• Client computer need to be sufficiently powerful

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Three-tier (multi-tier)client/server databases
• Supports a large number of users
• Separation of the user-interface from the business logic
• The three layers include:
• User-interface layer
• Application/Web-server layer (contains the business logic)
• Database server

Instructor: Furqan Shahid


Fig. 4: Three-tier client/server database
Instructor: Furqan Shahid
Thank you

Instructor: Furqan Shahid

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