MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

POST TEST EVALUATION

Student Name: _____________________________________

Student Number: _____________________________________
General Instructions to the Examinee:
1. PLEASE READ THE GENERAL INSTRUCTION AND GUIDELINES, THEN SIGN ON THE LOWER PORTION OF
THE FIRST PAGE.
2. Answer the following on the separate answer sheet provided. Use pencil no. 2
3. Read and analyze the following test questions.
4. Write the control number of the questionnaire on the right upper side of the answer sheet.
5. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED.
6. Cellular phones are not allowed during the examination.
7. Any gadget and gizmos are not allowed inside the room.
8. Students are not allowed to go out while examination is ongoing.
9. Follow the seat number assigned to the students.
10. Wear the prescribe uniform and ensure proper decorum.

MULTIPLE CHOICES:
1.) Which of the following types of magnet does not require a power supply?
A. Permanent C. Resistive
B. Paramagnetic D. Superconductor

2.) The disadvantages of permanent magnet include the following, EXCEPT:

1. Excessively heavy
2. Shorter scan times are needed
3. No power supply needed
A. 1 only C. 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only D. 1 and 3 only

3.) Sags or inhomogeneity in the main magnetic field is measured in:

A. MHz/T C. ppm
B. W/kg D. T

4.) What is the primary advantage of MRI?

A. Direct multiplanar imaging C. Direct flow measurements
B. No ionizing radiation D. Best low contrast resolution

5.) Coils of this type are used to improve the SNR when imaging the structures near the surface of the patient:
A. Gradient coil C. RF coil
B. Shim coil D. Surface coil

6.) This type of coil is located inside the gradient coil and closest to the patient:
A. Surface coil C. RF coil
B. Bird cage coil D. Paired saddle coil

7.) Time-varying gradient magnetic field is measure in:

A. Tesla C. ppm
B. Gauss D. Tesla/second

8.) RF interaction with the tissues results in:

A. Irritability C. Heating
B. Headache D. Fatigue

9.) He suggested that some nuclei spin:

A. Felix Bloch C. Raymond Damadian
B. Wolfgang Pauli D. Edward Purcell

10.) When magnetic quench occurs, the property of the magnet becomes:
A. Conductive C. Resistive
B. Semiconductive D. Superconductive

11.) The system components responsible for the production of B 1:

 A. Magnet C. Shim coil
B. Gradient coil D. RF coil

12.) Stray of magnetic field outside the bore of the magnet:

A. Gradient MF C. Fringe MF
B. External MF D. Internal MF

13.) He showed that the relaxation time of water in a tumor differed from the relaxation time of water in normal tissue?
A. Paul Lauterber C. Raymond Damadian
B. Jasper Jackson D. Felix Bloch

14.) He published the first cross-sectional NMR image of two water-filled capillary tubes obtained with MRI technique:
A. Paul Lauterber C. Raymond Damadian
B. Jasper Jackson D. Felix Bloch

15.) A static magnetic field that surrounds the magnet is measured in:
A. Tesla C. Watt/kilogram
B. Tesla/second D. Gauss

16.) The most important component of MRI machine:

A. Operating console C. Magnet
B. Computer D. Coils

17.) This is most commonly used materials in the production of permanent magnets:
A. Niobium C. Alnico
B. Titanium D. Copper

18.) The process whereby there is a sudden loss of absolute zero of temperature in the magnet coils so that they cease to
be superconducting and become resistive:
A. Saturation C. Quenching
B. Chelation D. Shimming

19.) This is defined as the ratio of the amplitude of the MR signal to the amplitude of the background noise:
A. SAR C. CNR
B. FID D. SNR

20.) T1 relaxation time:

1. Transverse relaxation time
2. Spin-lattice relaxation time
3. Longitudinal relaxation time
4. Spin-spin relaxation time
A. 1 and 2 only C. 3 and 4 only
B. 2 and 3 only D. 1 and 4 only

21.) In pure liquids or water, the:

A. T1 and T2 are short C. T1 is long, T2 is short
B. T1 is short, T2 long D. T1 and T2 is long

22.) Which of the following statements is true about T2 relaxation time?

A. The nuclear spins interact with the lattice of the tissue passage
B. The spins begin to precess out of plane
C. The time taken for 63% of the longitudinal magnetization to recover
D. The time taken for 63% of the transverse magnetization to decay

23.) Which of the following statements is true about T1 relaxation time?

A. Loss of transverse magnetization as a result of spin-spin relaxation
B. The time taken for 37% of the longitudinal magnetization to recover
C. The time taken for 63% of the transverse magnetization to recover
D. The time taken for 63% of the longitudinal magnetization to recover

24.) In fat, the:

A. T1 and T2 are short C. T1 is long, T2 is short
B. T1 is short, T2 long D. T1 and T2 is long
25.) Gadolinium, a paramagnetic substance, is used as an MR contrast medium. As gadolinium is toxic in its free state, it is
bound to DTPA in a certain way called _____, which solves the problem of toxicity:
A. Perfusion C. Saturation
B. Chelation D. Relaxation

26.) Paramagnetic substances such as Gadolinium have small local magnetic fields which causes a:
A. Lengthening of T1 relaxation time C. Shortening of both T1 and T2
B. Shortening of T2 relaxation time D. Lengthening of T2 relaxation time

27.) Homogeneity of the magnetic field can be improved by making some electrical or mechanical adjustments, a process
called:
A. Saturation C. Quenching
B. Chelation D. Shimming

28.) Which of the following types of magnet operates in the principle of electromagnetism?
1. Resistive
2. Permanent
3. Superconductive
A. 1 only C. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only D. 1 and 2 only

29.) Which of the following are the most commonly used RF pulse in MRI?
1. 30o
2. 90o
3. 180o
A. 1 and 2 only C. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only D. AOTA

30.) The coils of wire that alter the magnetic field strength in a linear fashion when a current is passed through it:
A. Gradient coil C. RF coil
B. Shim coil D. Surface coil

31.) Extra coils used to make the magnetic field as homogenous as possible:
A. Gradient coil C. RF coil
B. Shim coil D. Surface coil

32.) When the protons are not exposed to the external magnetic field, they are aligned:
A. Parallel to the external MF C. Perpendicular to the external MF
B. Anti-parallel to the external MF D. In a random fashion

33.) This is used to calculate the frequency or speed of precession for a specific nucleus in a specific magnetic field:
A. Gyromagnetic ratio C. Fourier equation
B. Larmor equation D. Larmor frequency

34.) MR active nuclei possess a/an:

A. Even number of protons and neutrons C. Odd number of neutrons
B. Even number of protons D. Odd number of protons

35.) The frequency of precession of hydrogen proton at 1.5 T:

A. 21 MHz C. 63 MHz
B. 42 MHz D. 84 MHz

36.) External magnetic field has a symbol of:

A. Bo C. B1
B. Mo D. ωo

37.) This phenomenon occurs whenever a spinning proton is acted on by the external magnetic field:
A. Resonance C. Relaxation
B. Phase coherence D. Precession

38.) If transverse magnetization of the spins (Mxy) of the spins is produced, a transient MRI signal results, which decays
with a characteristic time constant T2. This decaying signal is:
A. SAR C. T2 signal
 B. PD D. FID

39.) Larmor frequency has a symbol of:

A. Bo C. B1
B. Mo D. ωo

40.) Gyromagnetic ratio is measured in:

A. MHz/T C. ppm
B. W/kg D. T

41.) Relaxation time is measured in:

A. Second C. Millisecond
B. Minute D. Hours

42.) Time-varying magnetic field has a symbol of:

A. Bo C. B1
B. Mo D. ωo

43.) Resonance is an energy transition that occurs when protons are subjected to a frequency that is:
A. Different of its own C. Less than of its own
B. Greater than of its own D. Same of its own

44.) Creating an in phase magnetization usually by using an RF pulse or a gradient:

A. Dephasing C. Rephasing
B. Phase coherence D. Out of phase

45.) The precession frequency of an element at 1T:

A. Larmor frequency C. Specific absorption ratio
B. Signal-to-noise ratio D. Gyromagnetic ratio

46.) They are the cause of the noise that you can hear during an MR examination:
A. RF coil C. Shim coil
B. Magnetic field inhomogeneity D. Gradient coil

47.) The properties of nucleus that are very important to MRI:

A. Location and spin C. Magnetic dipole and magnetic moment
B. Charge and location D. Mass, charge and spin

48.) The spin of hydrogen protons:

A. 0 C. 1
B. ½ D. 1½

49.) This is the time from the application of one RF pulse to the application of the next:
A. T1 C. TE
B. TR D. TI

50.) The most important parameter in tissue discrimination:

A. TE C. Proton density
B. TR D. Relaxation time

51.) A parameter that determines the length of longitudinal relaxation time:

A. T1 C. TR
B. Flip angle D. TE

52.) Spin echo pulse sequence:

A. 90o-180o-180o-180o-180o C. 180o-90o-180o-90o-180o
B. 90o-180o-90o-180o-90o D. αo-αo-αo-αo-αo

53.) Inversion recovery sequence that nulls the signal from CSF:
A. STIR C. FLAIR
B. SAR D. FID

54.) Fast spin echo pulse sequence:

A. 90o-180o-180o-180o-180o C. 180o-90o-180o-90o-180o
 B. 90o-180o-90o-180o-90o D. αo-αo-αo-αo-αo

55.) Inversion recovery pulse sequence:

A. 90o-180o-180o-180o-180o C. 180o-90o-180o-90o-180o
B. 90o-180o-90o-180o-90o D. αo-αo-αo-αo-αo

56.) Inversion recovery sequence that nulls the signal from fat:
A. STIR C. FLAIR
B. FID D. DWI

57.) Random orientation causes all the spins and magnetic moment to:
A. Aligned C. Excite
B. Spin D. Cancel out

58.) A term describing the degree to which precessing nuclear spins are synchronous:
A. Dephasing C. Phase coherence
B. Precession D. Resonance

59.) MRI signal is emitted during:

A. Relaxation C. Phase coherence
B. Precession D. Resonance

60.) X-gradient coil is used to produce:

A. Sagittal slice C. Transverse slice
B. Coronal slice D. Oblique slice

61.) Y-gradient coil is used to produce:

A. Sagittal slice C. Transverse slice
B. Coronal slice D. Oblique slice

62.) Z-gradient coil is used to produce:

A. Sagittal slice C. Transverse slice
B. Coronal slice D. Oblique slice

63.) Z-gradient coil is used to produce:

A. Sagittal slice C. Transverse slice
B. Coronal slice D. Oblique slice

64.) T1 weighted images are produced using:

A. Short TR, short TE C. Long TR, short TE
B. Long TR, long TE D. Very short TR, very long TE

65.) T2 weighted images are produced using:

A. Short TR, short TE C. Long TR, short TE
B. Long TR, long TE D. Very short TR, very long TE

66.) PD weighted images are produced using:

A. Short TR, short TE C. Long TR, short TE
B. Long TR, long TE D. Very short TR, very long TE

66.) Which of the following parameters will produced no images or weak signals?
A. Short TR, short TE C. Long TR, short TE
B. Long TR, long TE D. Very short TR, very long TE

67.) A double-walled flask of metal with vacuum between walls:

A. Water-heat exchanger C. Faraday cage
B. Dewar D. Surface coil

68.) The external magnetic field is oriented vertically in which of the following types of magnet?:
A. Permanent C. Superconductive
B. Resistive D. NOTA

69.) The external magnetic field is oriented vertically in which of the following types of magnet?
A. Permanent C. Superconductive
 B. Resistive D. NOTA

70.) In tissue, transverse relaxation occurs _____ than longitudinal relaxation.

A. More slowly C. Commonly
B. More quickly D. Regularly

71. The process of adjusting the transmitter and receiver circuitry so that it provides optimal signal performance at the
Larmor frequency:
A. Tuning C. Shimming
B. Gating D. Quenching

72. Fringe magnetic field is measured in:

A. G C. T/s
B. T D. W/kg

73.) The purpose of the 90o RF pulse in an inversion recovery pulse sequence is to:
A. Enhance the proton density
B. Lengthen T1 relaxation
C. Lengthen T2 relaxation
D. Rotate the net magnetization onto the XY plane

74.) Which of the following types of image receptor is used for MRI?
A. Scintillation detector
B. Film
C. Piezoelectric crystal
D. Coil

75.) The gyromagnetic ratio for a given nucleus:

A. Has specific value
B. Has units of tesla per megahertz
C. Is determined by the magnetic field
D. Varies with B0

73. If positive written identification and documentation of internal metal are not possible, which of the following should
be performed?
A. Ultrasound C. Computed tomography
B. Radiography D. Fluoroscopy

74. Gadolinium is known as a:

A. T1 enhancing agent C. PD enhancing agent
B. T2 enhancing agent D. AOTA

75. What is the magnetic property of gadolinium?

A. Nonmagnetic C. Ferromagnetic
B. Paramagnetic D. Diamagnetic

76. Gadolinium is chelated to which of the following?

A. DPTA C. DTPA
B. TDPA D. PTDA

77. It is essential to ensure patient safety during MRI:

A. Proper patient instruction C. Proper patient preparation
B. Metal detectors D. Patient screening

78. What is/are the effect/s of Gd-DTPA on relaxation times?

1. Short T1
2. Long T2
3. Short T2
A. 1 only C. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only D. 1 and 2 only
79. The principal image contrast that is produced after administration of positive contrast results from:
A. Shorter T1 C. Longer T1
B. Shorter T2 D. Longer T2

80. During magnet quench, the property of superconductive magnet becomes:

A. Superconductive C. Permanent
B. Resistive D. Ferromagnetic

81. In most clinical applications, which of the following are used for contrast-enhanced studies?
A. T1 weighted images C. PD weighted images
B. T2 weighted images D. T2* weighted images

82. It consists of placing ferromagnetic material in the walls of the examination room or around the magnet:
A. Active shielding C. Passive shielding
B. RF shielding D. Active shimming

83. It uses a second set of superconducting coils positioned outside the primary coil but still inside the cryostat with electric
current moving in the opposite direction of the primary current:
A. Active shielding C. Passive shielding
B. RF shielding D. Active shimming

84. It produces a magnetic field that counteracts the primary magnetic field outside the magnet, resulting in a reduced
fringe magnetic field outside the magnet:
A. Active shielding C. Passive shielding
B. RF shielding D. Active shimming

85. What is/are the disadvantage/s of passive shielding?

1. Heavy
2. Expensive
3. Significant fringe field
A. 1 only C. 1 and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only D. AOTA

86. Proper design of active shielding can:

1. Reduce the fringe magnetic field
2. Improve the magnetic field homogeneity
3. Produce inhomogeneity in the Bo
A. 1 only C. 1 and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only D. AOTA

87. This type of shielding is considered to be the standard in most MR system:

A. Active shielding C. RF shielding
B. Passive shielding D. Faraday cage

88. It occurs when the liquid helium and liquid nitrogen vaporize, causing the magnet to rise in temperature and become
electrically resistive:
A. Shimming C. Quenching
B. Chelating D. Ramping

89. Which of the following materials is usually MR compatible?

A. Steel C. Titanium
B. Iron D. Aluminum

90. No metal can be allowed in the MRI room, unless _____ shows it to be safe:
A. Scanning C. Screening
B. Testing D. AOTA

91. It accounts for most patient anxiety during an MRI examination:

A. Claustrophobia C. Allergic reaction
B. Acoustic noise D. Frost bite

92. If a quench occurs and helium escapes, the principal effect on the MRI technologist will be:
A. Asphyxia C. Altered voice
 B. Frostbite D. Superficial burn

93. Heating of the patient is an example of biological effects that result from exposure to:
A. Static MF C. RF
B. Time-varying gradient MF D. Induced electric current

94. Which of the following is the major concern in strong static magnetic field?
A. Projectile effects C. Induced electric currents
B. Tissue heating D. AOTA

95. Monitoring of the sedated patient is difficult during MRI examination because of:
A. The distance of the patient C. The length of time of examination
B. The length of bore of the magnet D. The magnetic field and RF field interferences

96. The MRI examination room must be shielded against:

1. Ionizing radiation
2. RF interference
3. Fringe magnetic field
A. 1 and 2 only C. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only D. AOTA

97. A process of timing the acquisition of MR data to physiological motion in order to minimize motion artifacts:
A. Tuning C. Shimming
B. Gating D. Quenching

Prepared By:

Prof. Meynard Y. Castro, RRT

Faculty, COAHS-CIHS