Alumni Association
Alumni Association
Alumni Association
PREAMBLE
We, the Alumni and teachers of secondary students of Ceriaco A. Abes Memorial
National High School, imploring the aid of Divine Almighty God, in order to establish an
Association that shall unite the entire institution for the common good of the students
therein, to inculcate in them values of a responsible and concerned citizen, protect and
advance the rights and welfare of the students, parents and teachers, promote a free
human peaceful, honest and democratic society, do hereby declare and promulgate this
constitution and by laws.
ARTICLE I
SECTION 1.
The name of the Association shall be known as Ceriaco A. Abes Memorial National
High School Alumni Association of herein referred to as CAAMNHS-Alumni.
SECTION 2.
The office of the Alumni Association shall be at Ceriaco A.Abes Memorial National High
School campus, Mahal na Pangalan Calapan City Oriental Mindoro.
ARTICLE II
THE OBJECTIVES
SECTION 1.
To work for the general concern and welfare of the students by:
ARTICLE III
SECTION 1.
Members of the Association shall be those parents/guardian of secondary students
presently enrolled.
SECTION 2.
All teachers of the Jabonga National High School shall automatically become members
of the Association.
The incumbent principal of the school shall serve as the adviser of the Association.
SECTION 3.
Membership fee which is the PTA fee shall be fixed by the Board which shall be paid by
every member during the enrolment period.
ARTICLE IV
SECTION 1.
SECTION 2.
The parent/guardian members of the Executive Board shall be elected from the Year
Level for a term of two (2) years and their election shall be managed by a non-partisan
Committee on Elections composed of three (3) members, as determined by the Board
provided that they themselves shall not be candidate for the Board.
SECTION 3.
The elected eight (8) parent/guardian members and seven (7) teachers shall elect from
among themselves the officers of the Executive Board.
The Elective positions are: President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer, Business
Manager, Auditor, Human Relation Officer and Two (2) Peace Officers.
SECTION 4.
The following appointive positions are: Assistant Secretary, Asst. Treasurer, Board
Members who shall compose of five (5) active parent/guardian members.
SECTION 5.
The seven (7) teachers shall be elected by the Year Level Council who shall serve
likewise for a period of two years. Each teacher should at least be a representative of
each year level.
SECTION 6.
The Assistant Secretary and Treasurer shall be appointed by the Board while the
President of the Board shall be under his discretionary power to appoint at least five (5)
past active and qualified members who have helped the Association in all its
undertakings.
SECTION 7.
SECTION 8.
Formulate policies, rules and regulations for the management of the affairs of the
Association.
Supervise and control all business transactions and affairs of the Association,
and
Execute, administer and implement policies, programs and projects of the
Association.
ARTICLE V
THE OFFICERS
SECTION 1.
The Executive Board who shall be elected by the Year Level Council officers through
secret ballot shall elect from among themselves the set of officers as referred hereto in
Article IV, Section 3.
SECTION 2.
The election of the Board shall be held on the first Sunday of July, 8:00 o’clock in the
morning at Holy Angel University every after two years. On the other hand, lower
organs: Homeroom and Year Level Councils shall serve one (1) year term of office.
Prior to the election of the Board, lower organizations shall have been organized,
hence, Homeroom Council Officers must have been elected following the election of the
Year Level Council. All elected Homeroom PTA Chairman and Secretaries shall
convene to elect the Officers of the Year Level Council by show of hands.
The Year Level Council Officers shall elect the numbers of the Executive Board through
secret ballot.
SECTION 3.
All officers both in the Supreme Council and lower organs may be re-elected until such
disqualification occurs.
ARTICLE VI
SECTION 1.
The President
SECTION 2.
Act as the President in the absence of the Chief Executive of the Association.
Coordinate upon the request of the President, the operation of the working
committees.
Perform such other duties the Board my delegate.
SECTION 3.
The Secretary
SECTION 4.
The Treasurer
Be the overall custodian of all funds, real properties and other assets of the
Association.
Collect and receive all dues, contributions, donations and other grants or similar
nature and deposit the same in the official depositing bank of the Association.
Prepare the present annual financial report of the Association or as the cases
may be.
SECTION 5.
Assist the President in the short and long range planning of the activities of the
Association.
Take charge of the initial preparation and ground work of any undertakings,
projects or activities of the association including negotiations, supervision and
operation.
Assist the Board in the preparation of the budgetary outlay pf all the projects.
Prepare such other duties the Board may delegate.
SECTION 6.
The Auditor
SECTION 7.
Oversee all efforts for the promotion of goodwill between the association and the
public.
Be in charge of all matters requiring media attention, press release and
publication.
Act as the editor-in-chief of the official publication/newsletter of the Association.
Perform such other duties the Board my assign.
SECTION 8.
SECTION 9.
Carry out task with utmost integrity, honesty and diligently on the committees
where he is designated.
Support in the implementation of the policies, rules, and regulations and
undertakings of the Association.
Perform such other duties the Board may assign.
ARTICLE VII
SECTION 1.
The association have shall funds which shall be derived from annual membership fees,
collected from each student once every year and their earned interest from the bank,
solicited money and other contributions or donations from other sources including
proceeds from fund raising activities.
All funds collected shall be deposited in a reputable bank appointed by the Board.
SECTION 2.
All funds, real properties and other assets of the Association shall be held and
maintained in the name of the same.
SECTION 3.
The funds of the Association shall be appropriated and allocated only for the following
purposes: administration, programs, and projects, equipment’s and overhead.
SECTION 4.
All withdrawals, disbursements and monetary releases shall be supported with proper
resolutions and pertinent papers duly approved by the Board.
SECTION 5.
All disbursements from the bank account of the Association or certificate of deposits
shall require the signature of the President, the Treasurer and the Auditor.
ARTICLE VIII
SECTION 1.
The Supreme Council shall hold its regular meeting every last Sunday of the month.
SECTION 2.
The Homeroom Council and Year Level shall hold regular meeting at least once a
month.
SECTION 3.
The General Assembly, which by definition comprises all elected officers both in the
Supreme Council and lower organs may be called by the President of the Board at any
time deemed necessary.
Special meeting of the Executive Board may be convened anytime by the President as
the need arises. Otherwise, at least five members of the Board may request in writing
for a meeting, expressing thereof the purpose of which request shall be coursed through
the Secretary of the Association.
SECTION 4.
At any meeting of the Board, at least majority of all the members present shall constitute
a quorum. However, the presence of five (5) Board Members and seven (7) members of
the Executive Board is deemed a majority.
ARTICLE IX
SECTION 1.
ARTICLE X
THE COMMITTEES
SECTION 1.
The Association shall have its own standing committees to be headed by the members
of the Board duly appointed by the President. Other committees may be created from
time to time for purposes of expediency and to facilitate the attainment of the objectives
of the Association.
SECTION 2.
The committee on Internal and External Affairs. This committee shall attend to the
matters related to school policies and problems interfering in classroom instructions and
spoiling the tranquil rapport among students, teachers, and parents. Likewise, it
attempts to promote and maintain a healthy community relation with other sectors. This
shall be chaired by the President of the Board.
The committee on Ways and Means. This committee shall be the “Think Tank” of the
Association. It shall design scheme for generation revenues and completion of
undertakings and projects. Likewise, its shall coordinate activities with other
committees. The Business Manager shall spearhead the committee.
The committee of Finance. This committee shall be the guardian of the coffers of the
Association. Budgeting plans and expenditures shall pass upon it for security and
analysis for any venture the Association may enter into. It shall check the cash flow from
within and without and determine the constant financial viability of the Association in its
general operation. This shall be headed by the Auditor of the Board.
ARTICLE XI
SECTION 1.
Any member of the Board or the general assembly who commits any act of dishonesty,
decent or any infraction of the Constitution and By Laws shall be dealt with disciplinary
action as determined by the Board.
SECTION 2.
Any member of the Board who without valid or justifiable reason absents himself/herself
in any three (3) consecutive meetings of the Board shall be disqualified from the Board.
BY LAWS
ARTICLE I
THE OFFICE
SECTION 1.
The office of the Association shall be located at the Holy Angel University, Angeles City,
Philippines.
ARTICLE II
THE LOGO
SECTION 1.
ARTICLE III
SECTION 1.
That it should be responsive and concerned to the welfare of its members and students
in promoting and protecting their rights to attain better quality education.
That democratic process pursues the interest of members. Hence, dialogues and
consultations are encouraged.
That formulation of policies and plans must be through representation.
That better quality of education can only be acquired through the joint efforts of the
school and home.
ARTICLE IV
SECTION 1.
Every member of the Association shall have the following rights and privileges:
Participate fully and freely in all meetings of the respective homeroom PTA’s and
other activities of the Association.
Be kept informed of the program and projects and other undertakings of the
association.
SECTION 2.
All members shall have the right to vote in the election of the officers of homeroom
PTA’s and in the ratification of the Constitution and By-Laws and amendments thereto
and in an other electoral proceedings requiring their direct participation.
ARTICLE V
Uphold and obey the provisions of the Constitution and By Laws of the
Association.
Attend and actively participate in all activities, programs and undertakings of the
Association requiring their presence, and
Pay all dues and assessment of fees promptly.
SECTION 2.
All members shall perform such other duties and responsibilities which may be
promulgated from time to time by the Board.
ARTICLE VI
SECTION 1.
SECTION 2.
The Association shall be held responsible to establish and maintain the relationship
between and among teachers and parents and students as well.
SECTION 3.
For the purpose of their Constitution and By Laws, the following general terms are
hereby referred to:
SECTION 4.
The name of the guardian shall reflect in the registration card and other document
reiterative to the records of the student concern.
ARTICLE VII
THE ELECTION CODE
SECTION 1.
ARTICLE VIII
SECTION 1.
The association shall adopt the school year for its fiscal year.
ARTICLE IX
THE AMENDMENTS
SECTION 1.
This Constitution and By Laws may be amended, modified or alter or repealed wholly or
in part by majority votes of the general assembly of good standing.
ARTICLE X
SECTION 1.
Upon the ratification of this Constitution and By Laws, the Board shall be automatically
the first officer of the Association.
ARTICLE XI
THE EFFECTIVITY
SECTION 1.
This Constitution and By Laws shall take effect upon the ratification of the officer-
representatives of the Supreme Council and lower organs.
Membership is open to anyone who believes in the mission and purposes of the Parent
Teacher Association. Individual members may belong to any number of PTAs and pay
dues in each. Every person who joins a local PTA automatically becomes a member of
both the state and national PTAs.
Together we are a powerful voice for children. With your help, we can continue to work
toward PTA's goal of a quality education and nurturing environment for every child.
PTA Vision: What the future will look like if PTA accomplishes its mission.
Making every child's potential a reality.
PTA Mission: The overall purpose of PTA
Respect: We value our colleagues and ourselves. We expect the same high quality of
effort and thought from ourselves as we do from others.
Inclusivity: We invite the stranger and welcome the newcomer. We value and seek input
from as wide a spectrum of viewpoints and experiences as possible.
Integrity: We act consistently with our beliefs. When we err, we acknowledge the
mistake and seek to make amend
PTA Vision
PTA’s Mission
PTA is
Speaking on behalf of children and youth in the schools, in the community, and before
governmental bodies and other organizations that make decisions affecting children;
Supporting parents* in developing skills to raise, protect and advocate for their
children; and
The Washington State PTA Strategic Plan identifies the following Strategic Objectives
as steps toward achieving the Association’s mission and vision.
Strategic Objectives
We will tell the “PTA Story” to our members and the public
For a long time, black women felt that the PTA did not reflect their concerns about
education. They often formed parallel organizations that they felt better reflected their
positions regarding their children's educations. Black parents had a real struggle
because most schools in those days were segregated, and the black educational
experience was markedly inferior to the white educational experience. Black mothers
really needed to work to elevate the qualities of the schools their children were
attending, and it wasn't until sometime in the 1920's when the PTA became truly
national that they found the movement worth their while to support.
School administrators initially were very receptive to the PTA and the involvement of
mothers in their children's educations. Gradually, however, a tension developed
between the predominantly male administrators and school board members, and the
predominantly female membership of the PTA as the PTA wanted to get involved in not
only the social welfare of the students, but in the educational content of programs.
Beyond considering such issues as whether hot lunches should be available to their
children, women began to want to influence issues such as when reading should begin
and what textbooks should be used. The male administrators resisted this extension of
the PTA's work, viewing it as women meddling in something they didn't have the right or
natural ability to think about. School administrators tried to limit the focus of the mothers
during this era of the PTA.
Butterworth, J.E. (1929). The parent-teacher association and its work. The Macmillan
Company: New York.
Holbeck, E.S. (1934). An analysis of the activities and potentialities for achievement of
the parent-teacher association with recommendations. Teachers College, Columbia
University: New York.
Senese, D.J. (2003). The politics of the PTA. The Journal of Social, Political, and
Economic Studies, 28, 115-117.
Woyshner, C. (2003). Race, gender, and the early PTA: Civic engagement and public
education, 1897-1924. Teachers College Record, 105, 520-544.
Parents-Teachers Association
PREAMBLE
ARTICLE I
THE NAME AND ITS ORGANS
SECTION 1.
The name of the Association shall be known as Jabonga National High School Parents-
Teachers Association of herein referred to as JNHS-PTA.
SECTION 2.
The office of the JNHS-PTA shall be at Jabonga National High School campus,
Jabonga, Agusan del Norte.
ARTICLE II
THE OBJECTIVES
SECTION 1.
To work for the general concern and welfare of the students by:
ARTICLE III
SECTION 1.
SECTION 2.
All teachers of the Jabonga National High School shall automatically become members
of the Association.
The incumbent principal of the school shall serve as the adviser of the Association.
SECTION 3.
Membership fee which is the PTA fee shall be fixed by the Board which shall be paid by
every member during the enrolment period.
ARTICLE IV
SECTION 1.
SECTION 2.
The parent/guardian members of the Executive Board shall be elected from the Year
Level for a term of two (2) years and their election shall be managed by a non-partisan
Committee on Elections composed of three (3) members, as determined by the Board
provided that they themselves shall not be candidate for the Board.
SECTION 3.
The elected eight (8) parent/guardian members and seven (7) teachers shall elect from
among themselves the officers of the Executive Board.
The Elective positions are: President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer, Business
Manager, Auditor, Human Relation Officer and Two (2) Peace Officers.
SECTION 4.
The following appointive positions are: Assistant Secretary, Asst. Treasurer, Board
Members who shall compose of five (5) active parent/guardian members.
SECTION 5.
The seven (7) teachers shall be elected by the Year Level Council who shall serve
likewise for a period of two years. Each teacher should at least be a representative of
each year level.
SECTION 6.
The Assistant Secretary and Treasurer shall be appointed by the Board while the
President of the Board shall be under his discretionary power to appoint at least five (5)
past active and qualified members who have helped the Association in all its
undertakings.
SECTION 7.
SECTION 8.
ARTICLE V
THE OFFICERS
SECTION 1.
The Executive Board who shall be elected by the Year Level Council officers through
secret ballot shall elect from among themselves the set of officers as referred hereto in
Article IV, Section 3.
SECTION 2.
The election of the Board shall be held on the first Sunday of July, 8:00 o’clock in the
morning at Holy Angel University every after two years. On the other hand, lower
organs: Homeroom and Year Level Councils shall serve one (1) year term of office.
Prior to the election of the Board, lower organizations shall have been organized,
hence, Homeroom Council Officers must have been elected following the election of the
Year Level Council. All elected Homeroom PTA Chairman and Secretaries shall
convene to elect the Officers of the Year Level Council by show of hands.
The Year Level Council Officers shall elect the numbers of the Executive Board through
secret ballot.
SECTION 3.
All officers both in the Supreme Council and lower organs may be re-elected until such
disqualification occurs.
ARTICLE VI
SECTION 1.
The President
SECTION 2.
SECTION 3.
The Secretary
The Treasurer
Be the overall custodian of all funds, real properties and other assets of the
Association.
Collect and receive all dues, contributions, donations and other grants or similar
nature and deposit the same in the official depositing bank of the Association.
Prepare the present annual financial report of the Association or as the cases
may be.
Take care of the petty cash funds. He/She shall inform the Board of a depleted
petty cash for replenishment after a proper liquidation process shall have been
made.
Act as Treasurer in the absence of the latter.
Perform such other duties the Association may delegate.
SECTION 5.
SECTION 6.
The Auditor
Examine personally and verify the books of accounts of the Association and
submit his findings to the Board annually or as the case may be.
Pre-audit disbursement from the funds of the Association.
Suspend or withhold payments of accounts incurred not in accordance with the
expressed policy of the Board.
Certify the correctness of any of the financial report of the treasurer.
Perform such other duties the Board my delegate.
SECTION 7.
Oversee all efforts for the promotion of goodwill between the association and the
public.
Be in charge of all matters requiring media attention, press release and
publication.
Act as the editor-in-chief of the official publication/newsletter of the Association.
Perform such other duties the Board my assign.
SECTION 8.
Keep and maintain peace and order during the meetings and in other activities of
the Association.
Be responsible for the security and welfare of the members of the Association.
Perform such other duties the Board may delegate.
SECTION 9.
ARTICLE VII
SECTION 1.
The association have shall funds which shall be derived from annual membership fees,
collected from each student once every year and their earned interest from the bank,
solicited money and other contributions or donations from other sources including
proceeds from fund raising activities.
All funds collected shall be deposited in a reputable bank appointed by the Board.
SECTION 2.
All funds, real properties and other assets of the Association shall be held and
maintained in the name of the same.
SECTION 3.
The funds of the Association shall be appropriated and allocated only for the following
purposes: administration, programs, and projects, equipment’s and overhead.
SECTION 4.
All withdrawals, disbursements and monetary releases shall be supported with proper
resolutions and pertinent papers duly approved by the Board.
SECTION 5.
All disbursements from the bank account of the Association or certificate of deposits
shall require the signature of the President, the Treasurer and the Auditor.
ARTICLE VIII
SECTION 1.
The Supreme Council shall hold its regular meeting every last Sunday of the month.
SECTION 2.
The Homeroom Council and Year Level shall hold regular meeting at least once a
month.
SECTION 3.
The General Assembly, which by definition comprises all elected officers both in the
Supreme Council and lower organs may be called by the President of the Board at any
time deemed necessary.
Special meeting of the Executive Board may be convened anytime by the President as
the need arises. Otherwise, at least five members of the Board may request in writing
for a meeting, expressing thereof the purpose of which request shall be coursed through
the Secretary of the Association.
SECTION 4.
At any meeting of the Board, at least majority of all the members present shall constitute
a quorum. However, the presence of five (5) Board Members and seven (7) members of
the Executive Board is deemed a majority.
ARTICLE IX
SECTION 1.
THE COMMITTEES
SECTION 1.
The Association shall have its own standing committees to be headed by the members
of the Board duly appointed by the President. Other committees may be created from
time to time for purposes of expediency and to facilitate the attainment of the objectives
of the Association.
SECTION 2.
The committee on Internal and External Affairs. This committee shall attend to the
matters related to school policies and problems interfering in classroom instructions and
spoiling the tranquil rapport among students, teachers, and parents. Likewise, it
attempts to promote and maintain a healthy community relation with other sectors. This
shall be chaired by the President of the Board.
The committee on Ways and Means. This committee shall be the “Think Tank” of the
Association. It shall design scheme for generation revenues and completion of
undertakings and projects. Likewise, its shall coordinate activities with other
committees. The Business Manager shall spearhead the committee.
The committee of Finance. This committee shall be the guardian of the coffers of the
Association. Budgeting plans and expenditures shall pass upon it for security and
analysis for any venture the Association may enter into. It shall check the cash flow from
within and without and determine the constant financial viability of the Association in its
general operation. This shall be headed by the Auditor of the Board.
ARTICLE XI
SECTION 1.
Any member of the Board or the general assembly who commits any act of dishonesty,
decent or any infraction of the Constitution and By Laws shall be dealt with disciplinary
action as determined by the Board.
SECTION 2.
Any member of the Board who without valid or justifiable reason absents himself/herself
in any three (3) consecutive meetings of the Board shall be disqualified from the Board.
BY LAWS
ARTICLE I
THE OFFICE
SECTION 1.
The office of the Association shall be located at the Holy Angel University, Angeles City,
Philippines.
ARTICLE II
THE LOGO
SECTION 1.
ARTICLE III
SECTION 1.
That it should be responsive and concerned to the welfare of its members and students
in promoting and protecting their rights to attain better quality education.
That democratic process pursues the interest of members. Hence, dialogues and
consultations are encouraged.
That better quality of education can only be acquired through the joint efforts of the
school and home.
ARTICLE IV
SECTION 1.
Every member of the Association shall have the following rights and privileges:
Participate fully and freely in all meetings of the respective homeroom PTA’s and
other activities of the Association.
Be kept informed of the program and projects and other undertakings of the
association.
SECTION 2.
All members shall have the right to vote in the election of the officers of homeroom
PTA’s and in the ratification of the Constitution and By-Laws and amendments thereto
and in an other electoral proceedings requiring their direct participation.
ARTICLE V
SECTION 1.
Uphold and obey the provisions of the Constitution and By Laws of the
Association.
Attend and actively participate in all activities, programs and undertakings of the
Association requiring their presence, and
Pay all dues and assessment of fees promptly.
SECTION 2.
All members shall perform such other duties and responsibilities which may be
promulgated from time to time by the Board.
ARTICLE VI
SECTION 1.
SECTION 2.
The Association shall be held responsible to establish and maintain the relationship
between and among teachers and parents and students as well.
SECTION 3.
For the purpose of their Constitution and By Laws, the following general terms are
hereby referred to:
SECTION 4.
The name of the guardian shall reflect in the registration card and other document
reiterative to the records of the student concern.
ARTICLE VII
SECTION 1.
ARTICLE VIII
SECTION 1.
The association shall adopt the school year for its fiscal year.
ARTICLE IX
THE AMENDMENTS
SECTION 1.
This Constitution and By Laws may be amended, modified or alter or repealed wholly or
in part by majority votes of the general assembly of good standing.
ARTICLE X
SECTION 1.
Upon the ratification of this Constitution and By Laws, the Board shall be automatically
the first officer of the Association.
ARTICLE XI
THE EFFECTIVITY
SECTION 1.
This Constitution and By Laws shall take effect upon the ratification of the officer-
representatives of the Supreme Council and lower organs.
Membership is open to anyone who believes in the mission and purposes of the Parent
Teacher Association. Individual members may belong to any number of PTAs and pay
dues in each. Every person who joins a local PTA automatically becomes a member of
both the state and national PTAs.
Together we are a powerful voice for children. With your help, we can continue to work
toward PTA's goal of a quality education and nurturing environment for every child.
PTA Vision: What the future will look like if PTA accomplishes its mission.
Making every child's potential a reality.
Respect: We value our colleagues and ourselves. We expect the same high quality of
effort and thought from ourselves as we do from others.
Inclusivity: We invite the stranger and welcome the newcomer. We value and seek input
from as wide a spectrum of viewpoints and experiences as possible.
Integrity: We act consistently with our beliefs. When we err, we acknowledge the
mistake and seek to make amend
PTA Vision
PTA’s Mission
PTA is
Speaking on behalf of children and youth in the schools, in the community, and before
governmental bodies and other organizations that make decisions affecting children;
Supporting parents* in developing skills to raise, protect and advocate for their
children; and
*Parent may include adults who play an important role in a child’s family life since other
adults (grandparents, aunts, uncles, or guardians) may carry the primary responsibility
for a child’s health, welfare, education and safety.
The Washington State PTA Strategic Plan identifies the following Strategic Objectives
as steps toward achieving the Association’s mission and vision.
Strategic Objectives
We will tell the “PTA Story” to our members and the public
We will increase, retain and diversify our membership
For a long time, black women felt that the PTA did not reflect their concerns about
education. They often formed parallel organizations that they felt better reflected their
positions regarding their children's educations. Black parents had a real struggle
because most schools in those days were segregated, and the black educational
experience was markedly inferior to the white educational experience. Black mothers
really needed to work to elevate the qualities of the schools their children were
attending, and it wasn't until sometime in the 1920's when the PTA became truly
national that they found the movement worth their while to support.
School administrators initially were very receptive to the PTA and the involvement of
mothers in their children's educations. Gradually, however, a tension developed
between the predominantly male administrators and school board members, and the
predominantly female membership of the PTA as the PTA wanted to get involved in not
only the social welfare of the students, but in the educational content of programs.
Beyond considering such issues as whether hot lunches should be available to their
children, women began to want to influence issues such as when reading should begin
and what textbooks should be used. The male administrators resisted this extension of
the PTA's work, viewing it as women meddling in something they didn't have the right or
natural ability to think about. School administrators tried to limit the focus of the mothers
during this era of the PTA.
Butterworth, J.E. (1929). The parent-teacher association and its work. The Macmillan
Company: New York.
Holbeck, E.S. (1934). An analysis of the activities and potentialities for achievement of
the parent-teacher association with recommendations. Teachers College, Columbia
University: New York.
Senese, D.J. (2003). The politics of the PTA. The Journal of Social, Political, and
Economic Studies, 28, 115-117.
Woyshner, C. (2003). Race, gender, and the early PTA: Civic engagement and public
education, 1897-1924. Teachers College Record, 105, 520-544.