PAN International List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides

PAN International List of
Highly Hazardous Pesticides

(PAN List of HHPs)
March 2021
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Pesticide Action Network International
Impressum
© PAN International
c/o PAN Germany, Nernstweg 32, 22765 Hamburg, Germany
March, 2021 / slightly modified (*)
(*) Please note that in this version an error had been corrected
regarding the entry for lambda-cyhalothrin.
This 'PAN International List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides' is drafted

by PAN Germany for PAN International. The 1st version was published
January 2009. Since then criteria had been revised and the list has
been updated several times.
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Contents
Background and introduction ................................................................................................. 4
About this List ........................................................................................................................ 9
What is new in this List ........................................................................................................ 11
Work in progress ................................................................................................................. 12
PAN International Indicators for Identifying ‘Highly Hazardous Pesticides’ ......................... 13
Explanatory notes and comments regarding the classification systems, lists and
indicators being used by PAN to identify Highly Hazardous Pesticides ................................ 14
Method applied to identify highly hazardous pesticides ....................................................... 19
Evolution of the PAN List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides ................................................... 19
Explanatory notes regarding the table of active ingredients ................................................ 22
The table of active ingredients……………………………………………………...………….…. 22
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PAN International List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides – 03/2021 3
Background and introduction
For decades, the distribution and use of hazardous pesticides has been an issue of concern.
Since its founding in 1982, Pesticide Action Network (PAN) has been the civil society
organization most steadily and continuously calling for effective international action on the
elimination of hazardous pesticides. PAN has been one of the key driving forces among non-
governmental organisations (NGOs) for improving pesticide and crop protection policies
towards safer, socially just, environmentally sustainable and economically viable pest
management systems.
1980s: the first international Code of Conduct on pesticides
In 1985 the International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides was
adopted by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to respond to the
growing evidence of risks and harm associated with the use of pesticides. The first version of
the ‘Code of Conduct’ already indirectly questioned the effectiveness of the ‘safe use of
pesticides’ concept as an overall approach to solving pesticide related problems. The Code
Article 5.2.3 stated that “industry should halt sale and recall products when handling or use
pose an unacceptable risk under any use directions or restrictions”. Since the 1980s a
number of international instruments and guidelines have been adopted1 to tackle pesticide
related problems. Additionally, many public and private initiatives have been implemented to
reduce the adverse effects of pesticide use in agriculture. However, in general, these
initiatives have been successful only to a limited extent. ‘Safe use’ training approach to highly
hazardous pesticides has been questioned increasingly by NGOs, scientists, governmental
representatives, UN agencies and the private sector.
2000s: a new paradigm emerges on reducing hazards, as well as risks
Meanwhile numerous initiatives in food, forestry and flower production and distribution chains
have developed their own prohibited or restricted lists for specific pesticides. In November
2009, the European Union abandoned its former paradigm based on assessment of pesticide
risks only, with its new pesticide authorisation Regulation 1107/2009/EC,2 which emphasises
the need to take intrinsic hazards into account. Accordingly, Reg. 1107/2009 stipulates that
pesticide substances (active ingredients) proven to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, toxic for
reproduction and endocrine disruptors shall not be authorised in the EU.
In 2006, the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) was
adopted. This voluntary agreement, under the auspices of the United Nation Environmental
Programme (UNEP), recognised the need for action to reduce dependency on pesticides
worldwide, including phasing out highly toxic pesticides and promoting safer alternatives. In
November 2006, the FAO Council discussed and endorsed SAICM. In view of the broad
range of activities envisaged within SAICM, the Council suggested that the activities of FAO
could include risk reduction, including the progressive ban on highly hazardous
1 E.g. the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and
Pesticides in International Trade (http://www.pic.int), the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
(http://www.pops.int) and the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (http://www.saicm.org/)
2EC (2009): Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009
concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market and repealing Council Directives 79/117/EEC
and 91/414/EEC. Official Journal of the European Union L 309. 24.11.2009
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4 PAN International List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides – 03/2021
pesticides, promoting good agricultural practices, ensuring environmentally sound disposal
of stock-piles of obsolete pesticides and capacity-building in establishing national and
regional laboratories. The term 'progressive ban' refers to national or regional regulatory
banning over time of different pesticides identified as highly hazardous, and/or voluntary
step-by-step phase out of their use by individual food and fibre companies, private standards
or others.
In April 2007, the FAO Council informed the Committee on Agriculture (COAG)3 of its
intention to develop a new initiative for pesticide risk reduction. COAG welcomed the
initiative to reduce risks associated with the use of hazardous pesticides, including the
progressive ban on highly hazardous pesticides.4
2007: FAO and WHO launch the Highly Hazardous Pesticide initiative
In October 2007, the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Management (JMPM) discussed
the so-called thought starter paper “Addressing Highly Toxic Pesticides (HTPs)” with a note
from the Secretariat explaining: “Through this thought-starter FAO wishes to start its work on
highly hazardous pesticides.” (...) “This thought-starter builds on the information document
provided to COAG on pesticide risk reduction. As a first step, this paper focuses on options
for defining highly hazardous pesticides.” Based on this thought starter the JMPM outlined
criteria to identify highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs). In addition, the JMPM
“recommended that FAO and WHO, as a first step, should prepare a list of HHPs
based on the criteria identified, and update it periodically in cooperation with UNEP.
It further requested that such a list should be made widely known to all stakeholders
involved in pesticide regulation and management.”5
Also in 2007 the JMPM developed the following criteria for highly hazardous pesticides:
• Pesticide formulations that meet the criteria of classes Ia or Ib of the WHO Recommended
Classification of Pesticides by Hazard; or
• Pesticide active ingredients and their formulations that meet the criteria of carcinogenicity
Categories 1A and 1B of the Globally Harmonized System on Classification and Labelling
of Chemicals (GHS); or
• Pesticide active ingredients and their formulations that meet the criteria of mutagenicity
Categories 1A and 1B of the Globally Harmonized System on Classification and Labelling
of Chemicals (GHS); or
• Pesticide active ingredients and their formulations that meet the criteria of reproductive
toxicity Categories 1A and 1B of the Globally Harmonized System on Classification and
Labelling of Chemicals (GHS); or
• Pesticide active ingredients listed by the Stockholm Convention in its Annexes A and B,
and those meeting all the criteria in paragraph 1 of Annex D of the Convention; or
3 The FAO Committee on Agriculture (COAG) conducts periodic reviews and appraisals of agricultural and
nutritional problems in order to propose concerted action by Member Nations and the Organization. It also
reviews the agriculture and food and nutrition work programmes of the Organization and their implementation,
with emphasis on the integration of all social, technical, economic, institutional and structural aspects in promoting
agricultural and rural development. Its functions are enumerated in Rule XXXII of the General Rules of the
Organization. Membership must be renewed formally each biennium
4 The Report of the Twentieth Session of the Committee on Agriculture (Rome, 25-28 April 2007), CL 132/9, is
available at: http://www.fao.org/unfao/bodies/coag/coag20/index_en.htm

5 The minutes of the panel of experts meeting October 2007 are available at:
http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core-themes/theme/pests/code/panelcode/en/
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• Pesticide active ingredients and formulations listed by the Rotterdam Convention in its
Annex III; or
• Pesticides listed under the Montreal Protocol; or
• Pesticide active ingredients and formulations that have shown a high incidence of severe
or irreversible adverse effects on human health or the environment.6
2009: PAN International publishes its first PAN List of HHPs
PAN International strongly welcomed the decisions made by the FAO Council, the COAG
and the JMPM. PAN was of the opinion, however, that the list of HHP criteria agreed by the
JMPM had some important shortcomings: in particular, it is important to note that pesticides
with endocrine disrupting properties, eco-toxicological properties, or inhalation toxicity have
not been taken into account by the JMPM.
Because of these shortcomings and because FAO and WHO didn’t come up with an HHP-
List, PAN International decided to independently build on the JMPM criteria for HHPs to
develop a more comprehensive set of hazard criteria, used by recognised authorities, such
as the EU and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and to develop a list of HHP
pesticide active ingredients based on these selected criteria.
Meanwhile, international pressure to curb the use of HHPs has continued to increase. In
September 2012, at the third International Conference on Chemicals Management in Nairobi,
over 60 countries and other participating organizations called for the Conference to support
the development of a list of HHPs, a progressive ban of HHPs, and their substitution with
safer alternatives. No decision was taken as the item was not on the formal agenda;
however, intercessional regional SAICM meetings discussed proposals for action on highly
hazardous pesticides leading up to the Open-Ended Working Group in late 2014 and the
fourth International Conference on Chemicals Management in 2015 7 where HHPs where
formally recognised as an Issue of Concern (IoC) under SAICM and stakeholders were
encouraged to take concerted action on them.8
2013-2021: Stakeholder action grows on addressing HHPs
In 2013, the updated and renamed International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management
was released. It was originally intended to contain an annex with the JMPM criteria for HHPs.
However, it was decided instead to develop a separate guidance document: ‘Guidelines on
Highly Hazardous Pesticides’. The purpose of the guidance document is to provide a
framework and practical methods for identifying HHPs, along with methods for their control.
The definition of HHPs in the new Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management (adopted by
6 The minutes of the panel of experts meeting October 2007 are available at:
http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core-themes/theme/pests/code/panelcode/en/
7 PAN and IPEN (2013): Thought starter paper on Highly Hazardous Pesticides and the Strategic Approach to
International Chemicals Management submitted by PAN and IPEN. SAICM/RM/LAC.4/INF/9. 4th Latin American
and Caribbean regional meeting on the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) and
related consultations, Mexico City, 19 to 22 August 2013
8 UNEP. Report of the International Conference on Chemicals Management on the work of its fourth session.
Geneva: United Nations Environment Programme; 2015. Report No.: SAICM/ICCM.4/15. Available from:
http://www.saicm.org/Portals/12/documents/meetings/ICCM4/doc/K1606013_e.pdf
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FAO and WHO in 2013) and in the Guidelines on Highly Hazardous Pesticides, adopted in
20169) is:
“Highly Hazardous Pesticides means pesticides that are acknowledged to present
particularly high levels of acute or chronic hazards to health or environment according
to internationally accepted classification systems such as WHO or GHS or their listing
in relevant binding international agreements or conventions. In addition, pesticides that
appear to cause severe or irreversible harm to health or the environment under
conditions of use in a country may be considered to be and treated as highly
hazardous.”
The Code also contains a definition of the term ‘hazard’:
“Hazard means the inherent property of a substance, agent or situation having the
potential to cause undesirable consequences (e.g. properties that can cause adverse
effects or damage to health, the environment or property).”
In September 2020, UNEP published an Assessment Report on Issues of Concern,10 in
response to Resolution 4/8 by the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA). This report
acknowledged that current instruments do not comprehensively address the sound
management of HHPs at a global scale and that concerted international actions on HHPs are
urgently needed and require for example, an international framework of sound management
of Highly Hazardous Pesticides, possibly legally binding, and more engagement in alternative
techniques that minimise chemical uses, such as agroecological techniques and integrated
pest management.
In late 2020, FAO issued a draft Global Action Plan on HHPs, again acknowledging
international concern and proposing a goal of the phase-out of HHPS from agriculture by 2030.
In January 2021 UNEP issued an advance draft “Summary for Policy Makers” of its report on
pesticides and fertilisers for UNEA11. Key findings included, that “progress has been made in
strengthening management of pesticides and fertilizers, including through international
agreements. However, these agreements have not been sufficient to address all adverse
environmental and health impacts comprehensively”. The report recommends to:
“Fundamentally change crop management and adopt ecosystem-based approaches” and lists
among as a priority actions to strengthen pesticide management “Minimize or eliminate the
risks posed by Highly Hazardous Pesticides”.
The Present
To implement a progressive ban of HHPs as supported by the FAO Council, the COAG, the
JMPM and others, all stakeholders mentioned in the International Code of Conduct on the
Distribution and Use of Pesticides should develop plans of action for a progressive ban of
HHPs. These stakeholders include governments, the pesticide industry, the food industry,
9 FAO and WHO (2016): International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management. Guidelines on Highly
Hazardous Pesticides, Rome 2016 http://www.fao.org/publications/card/en/c/a5347a39-c961-41bf-86a4-
975cdf2fd063/
10 UNEP. 2020. An Assessment Report on Issues of Concern
11 UNEP (2021): Environmental and health impacts of pesticides and fertilizers and ways of minimizing them.
Summary for Policymakers(Advance Draft version 22Jan 2021)

https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/33807https://wedocs.unep.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.1182
2/34463/JSUNEPPF.pdf?sequence=3
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farmers and farmer organizations and public interest groups.
This active stakeholder participation is especially important as there are currently no legal
instruments available to achieve a structured and clearly targeted global progressive ban of
HHPs other than the Stockholm Convention for Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), which
focuses only on a very small group of HHPs.
The PAN International List of HHPs provides a basis for action to implement the progressive
ban of highly hazardous pesticides and replace them with safer, agro-ecological and other
appropriate non-chemical alternatives. PAN would like to encourage individuals, institutions,
organizations and companies to develop a plan of action with priorities, timeframes and
concrete measures. PAN itself will support such initiatives wherever possible.
Susan Haffmans, PAN Germany, on behalf of the PAN International Regional Centers
PAN Africa
PAN Asia and the Pacific
PAN Europe (PAN Germany and PAN UK)
PAN Latin America
PAN North America
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About this List
History
The PAN International List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides was initially developed by PAN
Germany for PAN International to answer the question "What are highly hazardous
pesticides?" The first version of this HHP List was published January 16th, 2009. Since then
the additional PAN criteria for identifying HHPs have been revised several times and several
updates of the list have been published. Relevant changes compared to the previous list are
explained in the section 'What is new in this list?'
Purpose
This publication describes how PAN International defines Highly Hazardous Pesticides
(HHPs) by identifying the hazard criterion indicators. An explanation of the different hazard
criteria selected is followed by a list of HHPs generated on the basis of these criteria. The
PAN International HHP List serves as a list of pesticides to be progressively banned. All
stakeholder groups can use it as a decision tool for their pesticide policies, such as
developing prohibited or restricted lists in private standards or to prioritise actions for
reducing pesticide hazards and risks in a specific country.
Focus and scope

The PAN HHP list contains active ingredients intended to destroy, deter, render harmless,
prevent the action of, or otherwise exert a controlling effect on any harmful or annoying
organism, or manage vegetative growth. It does not include those used as disinfectants, or
internal human or veterinary medicines. It includes pesticides mainly used in agriculture,
forestry, and gardening (e.g. insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, plant growth regulators and
fumigants). Some of the substances are also used in aquaculture or on livestock to control
ectoparasites, in homes and buildings, during transport, and in various materials and other
products such as paint - to control insects, rodents, algae, and fungi. The list also contains
some specific pesticide formulations, which have been recognized by relevant international
conventions (see footnotes below the HHP-table at the end of this document). It excludes:
synergists, safeners, adjuvants and other additives in formulated pesticide products; and all
the break-down products (metabolites) of pesticide active ingredients.
Basis
The PAN HHP list is currently based only on classifications by recognised authorities. It is
created by compiling information from International bodies (WHO), the European (EU
Commission), national agencies (USA EPA, Japan), and the Pesticide Property Database.
In future, the HHP List will also be based on recorded cases of pesticide active ingredients
and formulations that have shown a high incidence of severe or irreversible adverse
effects on human health or the environment, when robust, evidence-based and publicly
accessible data becomes available.
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Structure
The hazard criteria are grouped into:
• acute toxicity
• long term (chronic) health effects
• environmental hazard criteria
• international regulations (global pesticide-related conventions)
Limitations
It is important to note that the list of HHPs presented in this publication is still not complete.
There are several reasons for these limitations:
• One major reason is that the criteria used for the PAN definition of HHPs are based on
widely accepted classifications. Due to the time needed for achieving consensus on
‘individual pesticides’ class or category these classifications do have shortcomings, as
explained in this publication.
• Another reason is that science research shows a number of so-called “emerging
properties” about new or poorly understood side effects, e.g. pesticides with endocrine
disrupting properties. Such properties and appropriate definitions, hazard classifications
and threshold values are not sufficiently operationalised for pesticides as yet.
• Measures to identify substances of high environmental concern are currently restricted to
selected criteria which do not reflect the overall environmental concerns.
• In addition, pesticides that may be shown to be linked with a high incidence of severe or
irreversible adverse effects on human health or the environment are not identified
systematically yet. Based on ongoing community monitoring of pesticide impacts and
scientific literature research, PAN will identify and list such highly hazardous pesticides in
the future.
• Experiences in the past show that pesticides classified as only “moderately hazardous” by
the World Health Organization (WHO Class II) nevertheless give valid reason for concern.
Examples are endosulfan and paraquat, pesticides that have caused thousands of
poisonings, especially in developing countries, or pyrethroids which are known to cause
various ill health incidences in the US. However, with a view to prioritisation, PAN decided
not to add WHO II ("moderately hazardous") pesticides to the list of hazard criteria for
acute toxicity.
• Contamination with dioxin: in the context of the Stockholm Convention, the Toolkit for
Identification and Quantification of Releases of Dioxins, Furans and Other Unintentional
POPs (January 2013), identified a number of pesticides that can be contaminated with the
highly toxic by-product dioxin during the production process and remain in the final
product; these pesticides include 2,4-D, chlornitrofen or 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl-4-
nitrophenylether (CNP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), and sodium pentachlorophenol (PCP-
Na). This is a hazard feature the list is not considering currently.
• Pesticides classified as obsolete pesticides by FAO and WHO are not included in the list.
However, we know that limited uses still happen illegally, especially if obsolete stockpiles
remain and that those pesticides cause harm still today.
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What is new in this List
This March 2021 version serves as an update triggered by new evaluations. In addition, the
following changes regarding the set of criteria have been made: in order to reflect the
international nature of this list, we included Japan’s as well as the EU’s GHS classifications
for identifying long term health effects. Regarding the identification of endocrine disrupting
pesticides, the outdated EU priority list from 2004 is no longer used as a reference; instead,
pesticides confirmed by the EU as endocrine disrupters according to the new Commission
Regulation (EU) 2018/605 are included in addition to the still used interim criteria on
endocrine disrupting properties laid down in Reg. (EC) No 1107/2009. Additionally,
pesticides that are “likely to be carcinogenic to humans at high doses” according to EPA are
included.
Compared to the previous version of the HHP list from March 2019 the following changes
occurred:
The following pesticides are no longer on the list:
1. 2,4-DB
2. Atrazine
3. Hydrogen cyanamide
4. Fenarimol
5. Ioxynil
6. Picloram
7. Terbutryn
8. Zineb
The following pesticides have been added to the list:

1. 2,4-D
2. Acifluorfen, sodium
3. Biphenyl, Diphenyl
4. Bromophos-ethyl
5. Captan
6. Chlorpropham
7. Cholecalciferol
8. Cyanazine
9. Demeton-methyl (isomere mix of O-methyl and S-methyl)
10. Dichlobenil
11. Dichlorprop
12. Dodine
13. Ethion
14. Fenbuconazole
15. Fenhexamid
16. Ferbam
17. Fluazinam
18. Flusulfamide
19. Fluvalinate
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20. Forchlorfenuron
21. Furfural
22. Halosulfuron-methyl
23. Imazalil sulfate
24. Lactofen
25. Mecoprop, MCPP
26. Meptyldinocap
27. Pyrethrins, Pyrethrum extract
28. Pyrimidifen
29. Simazine
30. Tau-fluvalinate
31. Tebuconazole
32. Thiabendazole
33. Tribufos, Tribuphos
34. Trichloracetic acid
Work in progress
The FAO definition of a HHP includes pesticides linked with a high incidence of severe
or irreversible adverse effects on human health or the environment. However, such
pesticides are not yet systematically identified via a single, globally recognised assessment
or classification process (as mentioned above under limitations).
PAN International is working on indicators, threshold values and reliable and consistent data
sources to identify pesticides causing irreversible adverse effects on humans. PAN
International already agrees on suitable criteria for intentional and occupational or accidental
poisoning: the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) and/or the case fatality rate (CFR).12
However, setting the threshold value for what level or scale of poisoning incidence should
qualify as an HHP is a subjective question, based on personal judgement of the ethical
aspects, for which PAN has not yet developed an agreed position.
Another area of work is to look at environmental hazard criteria for other ecosystem services,
beyond pollination. Especially relevant for pesticide policy is the service of natural pest
control provided by a range of beneficial organisms (natural enemies of insect pests, crop
diseases and weeds). These beneficial organisms are of such major agro-ecological (and
economic) importance that pesticides severely interfering with their ‘services’ should not be
used. However, a robust or comprehensive classification which could be used for this natural
pest control criterion is not yet available. PAN International plans to work on this issue and
invites scientists who are interested in supporting the development of such a criterion to
contribute their suggestions and expert advice.
Feedback welcome!
PAN International warmly welcomes constructive feedback from any stakeholders involved in
pesticide risk management or policy on this updated and revised version of the PAN HHP
12 www.who.int/ipcs/poisons/pss.pdf
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List. In particular, we are keen to learn how the List is being used in decision-making in
public or private sector organisations, along with any suggestions of how it could be
improved in the next version or disseminated more widely.
Please send your feedback to:
susan.haffmans@pan-germany.org
PAN International Indicators for Identifying

‘Highly Hazardous Pesticides’
The following Table shows the criteria and sources used by PAN to identify pesticides
considered to be highly hazardous according to PAN.
High acute toxicity
‘Extremely hazardous’ (Class Ia) according to WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides
by Hazard or
‘Highly hazardous’ (Class Ib) according to WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by
Hazard or
‘Fatal if inhaled’ (H330) according to the EU or the Japan Globally Harmonized System (GHS)
or
Long term toxic effects
Carcinogenic to humans according to IARC or US EPA or
‘Known or presumed human carcinogens’ (Category I) according to the EU or the Japan
Globally Harmonized System (GHS) or
Probable/likely carcinogenic to humans according to IARC, US EPA or
Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans: At High Doses according to EPA or
‘Substances known to induce heritable mutations or to be regarded as if they induce heritable
mutations in the germ cells of humans’, ‘Substances known to induce heritable mutations in the
germ cells of humans’ (Category I) according to the EU or the Japan Globally Harmonized
System (GHS) or
‘Known or Presumed human reproductive toxicant’ (Category I) according to the EU or the
Japan Globally Harmonized System (GHS) or
Endocrine disruptor
EU interim criteria as laid down in Reg. (EC) No 1107/2009 ‘Suspected human reproductive
toxicant’ (Category 2) AND ‘Suspected human carcinogen’ (Category 2) according to the EU or
the Japan Globally Harmonized System (GHS) or
Pesticides identified as endocrine disrupters in the EU according to Reg. (EU) 2018/605
High environmental concern
Pesticides listed in Annex A & B of the Stockholm Convention or meeting the Conventions’
criteria or Ozone depleting pesticides according to the Montreal Protocol or
High environmental concern – where two of the three following criteria are met:
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P = ‘Very persistent’ half-life > 60 days in marine- or freshwater or half-life > 180 days in soil
(‘typical’ half-life), marine or freshwater sediment) (Indicators and thresholds according to the
Stockholm Convention) AND/OR
B = ‘Very bioaccumulative’ (BCF >5000) or Kow logP > 5 (existing BCF data supersede Kow
log P data) (Indicators and thresholds according to the Stockholm Convention) AND/OR
T = Very toxic to aquatic organisms (LC/EC 50 [48h] for Daphnia spp. < 0,1 mg/l)
Hazard to ecosystem services
‘Highly toxic for bees’ according to U.S. EPA (LD50, µg/bee < 2) or
Known to cause a high incidence of severe or irreversible adverse effects

Pesticides listed in Annex III of the Rotterdam Convention or meeting the Conventions’ criteria
Explanatory notes and comments regarding the

classification systems, lists and indicators being used by
PAN to identify Highly Hazardous Pesticides
The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
(GHS)
The aim of the GHS is a global harmonization of the classification and labelling of
chemicals. The Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable
Development (WSSD), adopted in Johannesburg in 2002, encourages countries to
implement the GHS. It has been adopted by a large number of countries as the main
chemical hazard communication system, but it has not yet been fully implemented on a
global scale. In this list PAN refers to the “EU GHS List”, laid down in EU Regulation
1272/2008/EC on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (so
called “CLP-Regulation”) which entered into force in January 2009 and which
implements the GHS in the Europe Union. A pesticide with its specific classification13 is
also added to the HHP list, in case the pesticide was excluded from EU authorization
because it qualifies as Carc 1, Muta 1 or Repr 1, but is not yet listed as such in EU
Regulation 1272/2008/EC. This is in line with the approval criteria (“exclusion criteria”)
laid down in the EU Pesticide Regulation 1107/2009 Annex II. The reason for this is:
The EU Regulation 1272/2008/EC considerably lacks behind other EU legislation. It can
take several years that a confirmed classification officially enters the relevant EU GHS
regulation, while decision documents (regulation) of non-approved pesticides already
refer to the new classification.
And – with this new 2021 update - PAN also includes the GHS Japan list as an
additional source for the identification of HHPs. Both lists are used to identify pesticides
which are considered highly toxic via inhalation, carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or toxic to
reproduction.
Sources used:
13 In case the pesticide is already on the HHP list

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Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008
on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing
Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. Official
Journal of the European Union L 353/1 and its amendments.
Decision documents (regulation) of non-approval for individual active ingredients
GHS classification by the Japanese Government (2020):
https://www.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/ghs_download.html
The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard

The latest revision of the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazards was
conducted in 2019. The PAN HHP list includes those pesticides listed in WHO Class Ia
and Ib.
This most recent version of the WHO classification must be considered incomplete for
the following reasons:
• The WHO classification for the oral acute toxicity to rats presents in some cases a gross
underestimation of the real risk for humans (see Dawson et al. 201014). Pesticides with the
highest documented human fatality rates: paraquat dichloride and endosulfan (ibid.) are
neither rated ‘Extremely hazardous’ nor ‘Highly hazardous’ (i.e. not in Class Ia or Ib).
• LD50 values for inhalation toxicity are not included in the WHO classification. This is a
major deficiency because users of pesticides are often exposed via inhalation.
• Endocrine disruption is not included in the WHO classification.
• Formulations are not included in the classification. The acute toxicity of formulations and
mixtures can be calculated based on the percentage and the LD50 values of the active
ingredients in the formulation or mixture. However, so-called ‘inert’ ingredients or
solvents15 are neglected in this calculation although they may have an influence on the
toxicity of the formulation or the mixture.
Source used:
WHO (2019): WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to
classification, 2019 edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA
3.0IGO.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is part of the World Health
Organization (WHO). The goal of IARC is to evaluate, with the assistance of international
working groups of experts, critical reviews and evaluations of evidence of carcinogenicity
and to publish them in monographs. This series of monographs started in 1972 and since
then, almost 900 agents have been reviewed. Participants in the working groups are
individual scientists who do not represent organizations, industry or governments.
14 Dawson AH, Eddleston M, Senarathna L, Mohamed F, Gawarammana I, Bowe SJ, Manuweera G, Buckley NA
(2010): Acute Human Lethal Toxicity of Agricultural Pesticides: A Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS Medicine
7(10): e1000357
15 “Inert” ingredients are substances which can enhance the efficiency of the active substance, make a product more
degradable or easier to use. ‘Inerts’ are mostly handled as trade secrets of the manufacturer, which means they are
not included on the product label.
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Only those pesticides which are classified as ‘carcinogenic to humans’ or ‘probably
carcinogenic to humans’ have been included in this revised version of the PAN List of
HHPs.
Source used:
IARC (2018): Agents reviews by the IARC Monographs, Volumes 1-123 (by CAS Numbers),
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lion, France. Website:
http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)

The U.S. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs maintains a List of Chemicals Evaluated for
Carcinogenic Potential16, based on pesticides registered in the U.S.A. The list is updated
annually; it list is a product of the general risk assessment included in the process of
pesticide registration. This classification includes the potential exposure of humans17.
Therefore, a low exposure potential can place a pesticide in a lower category even when
sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity exists. U.S. EPA’s classification of carcinogenicity has
changed several times over the last 20 years. With the 2021 update, PAN agreed on adding
those pesticides to the HHP list that are likely to be carcinogenic to humans “at high doses”
according to EPA.
Source used:
US EPA (up to 2018): Annual Cancer Report. Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential,
Science Information Management Branch, Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Washington DC, USA
Classification for bee toxicity

The US EPA also defines categories for environmental toxicity of pesticides18. US EPA
defines a pesticide as highly toxic to bees if the LD50 is lower than 2 micrograms per bee
(µg/bee). Pesticides highly toxic to bees are included in the PAN List of HHP.
EU categorisation of endocrine disruptors

The issue of endocrine disrupting pesticides gained widespread public, political and scientific
attention at the beginning of the 1990s. However, the process of agreeing on criteria for their
identification has been very slow. We are still waiting for officially lists of pesticides with
confirmed endocrine disrupting properties. With Regulation 1107/2009/EC the European
Union decided to exclude from EU authorization pesticide active ingredients with endocrine
disrupting properties that may cause adverse effects in humans or non-target organisms. But
16 US EPA (up to 2018): Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential, November 2012, Science Information
Management Branch, Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (US EPA), Washington DC, USA
17 Altenburger, R., Bödeker, W., Brückmann, S., Oetken, G., Weber, C. (1999): Zur Human- und Ökotoxizität von
Pestiziden, die im Bananenanbau verwendet werden, Pestizid Aktions-Netzwerk e.V. (PAN Germany), Hamburg,
Germany
18 US EPA (2019): Technical Overview of Ecological Risk Assessment Analysis Phase: Ecological Effects
Characterization, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-

and-assessing-pesticide-risks/technical-overview-ecological-risk-assessment-0
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only in 2018 the EU adopted a set of criteria laid down in the Reg. 2018/60519 and technical
guidelines to identify endocrine disruptive pesticides. This identification will be done step by
step within the process of pesticide authorisation. In 2020 the first pesticide that was officially
identified as an endocrine disruptive pesticide was mancozeb. It will take some years to
identify which other pesticides currently on the EU market are “endocrine disrupters” (ED)
according to the agreed criteria. Until there is a comprehensive list of pesticides assessed
accordingly, the PAN HHP List will continue to use the EU interim criteria for EDCs as laid
down in the Pesticide Regulation 1107/2009/EC. These includes pesticides which meet the
GHS classifications of carcinogenic category 2 AND toxic for reproduction category 2. In
doing so, PAN uses both the Japan and EU GHS classifications. Knowing that this approach
is not ideal, we will follow approaches to identify ED pesticides from other regions and
agencies and consider integrating them in this List in the future.
Sources used:
EC (2008-2020): Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16
December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and
repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006.
Official Journal of the European Union L 353/1 and its amendments
EC (2009): Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21
October 2009 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market and repealing Council
Directives 79/117/EEC and 91/414/EEC. Official Journal of the European Union, L 309, 24.11.2009
EC (2018): Regulation 2018/605 of 19 April 2018 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No
1107/2009 by setting out scientific criteria for the determination of endocrine disrupting
properties
International Regulations
The Stockholm Convention aims at the global elimination of Persistent Organic Pollutants
(POPs), some of the most unwanted chemicals in the world. POPs are toxic, bioaccumulative,
highly persistent, capable of long-range transport and pose a global threat to living beings,
especially in the Arctic and Antarctic regions where they biomagnify. All marketed pesticides
formally listed under the Stockholm Convention or meeting the criteria of the Stockholm
Convention are on the PAN list of HHP.
The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain
Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade regulates the exchange of
information in international trade on certain hazardous pesticides (active ingredients and
formulations). All pesticides formally listed under the Rotterdam Convention or agreed by
the Convention’s Chemical Review Committee and by the Conference of the Parties
(CoP) as meeting the criteria of the Convention (but yet not listed for political or trade
reasons which are not consistent with the text or intent of the Convention) are on the
PAN list of HHPs.
Certain pesticide formulations are included in Annex 3 of the Rotterdam Convention as
Severely Hazardous Pesticide Formulations (SHPFs). It is important to note that active
19 Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/605 of 19 April 2018 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009
by setting out scientific criteria for the determination of endocrine disrupting properties
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32018R0605
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ingredients in these SHPFs are included in the PAN list even though they are regulated
only in specific formulations. These active ingredients are identified in the list.
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international
treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of a number of
substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. Currently, there is one
pesticide listed as an ozone depleting chemical. This pesticide (methyl bromide) is on the
PAN list of HHPs.
Sources used:
Website of the Stockholm Convention at http://www.pops.int; Website of the Rotterdam Convention at
http://www.pic.int; Website of Montreal Protocol at http://ozone.unep.org
Toxicity to aquatic organisms

The U.S. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs summarises the toxicity of pesticides to
certain species groups. The ecological effect characterisation uses a three to five-step
scale.20 Pesticides characterised as very highly toxic to aquatic organisms, have a lethal
or environmental concentration LC/EC50 [48h] of < 0.1mg/l. These pesticides are listed in
the PAN HHP list IF they are also persistent or bioaccumulative.
Source used:
Lewis KA, Tzilivakis J, Warner D & Green A (2018): An international database for pesticide risk
assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, In
Press. doi:10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242
Ecosystem services – pollination by bees

The U.S. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs, after reviewing individual toxicity or ecological
effect studies for a pesticide, summarises the toxicity of pesticides to certain species groups.
In developing its ecological effect characterisation, EPA uses a three-step scale21 of toxicity
categories to classify pesticides based on bee toxicity data. All pesticides classified as ‘highly
toxic to bees’ are listed in the PAN HHP list.
Source used:
Lewis KA, Tzilivakis J, Warner D & Green A (2020): An international database for pesticide risk
assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, In
Press. doi:10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242
20 https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/technical-overview-ecological-risk-
assessment-0
21 https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/technical-overview-ecological-risk-
assessment-0
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Method applied to identify highly hazardous pesticides
The classification systems and lists mentioned above have been integrated by PAN in a
relational pesticide database consisting of numerous tables representing the classification
systems and lists. Either CAS numbers or unique identification numbers (IDs) are used to
match fields between the tables. Data were usually imported from Excel, Access or PDF
files. A table (list) of all pesticides is linked to all tables containing classification systems and
lists mentioned above, and this table/list was searched for the criteria defining highly
hazardous pesticides. Pesticides which are considered to be ‘obsolete’ by the WHO/IPCS
were omitted, except any obsolete pesticides which were found on current authorisation lists.
The Pesticide Properties Database (by Lewis et al.) has been used to identify pesticides with
the characteristics of being toxic to bees (LD50 <2 microgram/bee); persistent,
bioaccumulative and/or highly toxic to aquatic organisms (LC/EC50 Daphnia spp. < 0.1 mg/l).
Evolution of the PAN List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides

The number of active ingredients on the PAN HHP List changes over time. The reasons
for changes are mainly changes in classifications made by organisations referred to in
this list such as WHO, EU, EPA or IARC. In 2010, for example, more pesticides were
classified as toxic to bees and as persistent. In 2013, numerous substances, which are
not agricultural pesticides or obsolete, were deleted. Even though 12 pesticides were
added to the 2015 version due to new data or classification changes the June 2015
version was significantly shorter than versions before 2014. The main reasons were: (a)
the deletion of those pesticides classified as “possible carcinogens”, and (b) the
required combination of two of the three Persistence, Bioaccumulative and Toxic
characteristics (i.e. P&B; B&T or P&T). The update of the WHO recommendation for
Classification of Pesticides by Hazards in 2019 and changes in identifying obsolete
pesticides, PAN’s decision to include Japan’s GHS classification, changes to the criteria
for identifying endocrine disruptors, and the expansion of an existing criterion for
carcinogenic pesticides (see details under What is new in this List), induced changes
again for this 2021 update.
Pesticides added to the PAN HHP List since January 2009
2009-2011 Cyhalothrin, gamma Metazachlor

Diafenthiuron Metobromuron
Alanycarb
Amidosulfuron Dimefuron Metoxuron
Asulam, sodium salt Dimoxystrobin Metsulfuron-methyl
Benfuracarb Dinotefuran Milbemectin
Bensulide Diquat dichloride Naled
beta-HCH; beta-BCH Dithianon Napropamide
Bioresmethrin E-Phosphamidon Nicosulfuron
Blasticidin-S EPTC Nitenpyram
Borax; disodium tetraborate Ethaboxam Nitrobenzene
decahydrate Ethirimol Oxycarboxin
Boric acid Fenchlorazole-ethyl Penconazole
Carbosulfan Fenothiocarb Pentachlorbenzene
Chlordimeform Fenpropidin Pirimiphos-methyl
Chlorphropham Flufenoxuron Prallethrin
Clopyralid Glufosinate-ammonium Profenofos
Cyhalothrin Lenacil Pyraclofos
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Pyrazophos Propineb
Pyridaben Sodium cyanide
Pyridiphenthion Since November 2013 Tioxafen
Pyrifenox Anthraquinone Hydrogen cyanide
Quinmerac Bromoxynil heptanoate
Rotenone Bromoxynil octanoate
Since March 2019
Silafluofen Chlorantraniliprole
Sintofen 2,4-D
Chlorfluazuron
Temephos Acifluorfen, sodium
Copper (II) hydroxide
Tralomethrin Biphenyl, Diphenyl
Fluazolate
Tributyltin compounds Bromophos-ethyl
Flumetralin
Tridiphane Captan
Halfenprox
Validamycin Chlorpropham
Prothiofos
XMC Cholecalciferol
Pyrazachlor
Cyanazine
Since 2011 Tolfenpyrad
Demeton-methyl
Penthiopyrad Since June 2014 Dichlobenil
Penflufen Glyphosate Dichlorprop
Sedaxane Diphenyl/biphenyl
o-phenylphenol Since June 2015 Dodine
Group: Paraffin oils, Mineral Pendimethalin Ethion
oils Triflumizole Fenbuconazole
Paraffin oil (see group table) Group: Borax, borate salts (see Fenhexamid
Isopyrazam table Grouped Pesticides Ferbam
Amisulbrom below) Fluazinam
Spinetoram Flusulfamide
Pyridalyl Fluvalinate
Penflufen Since December 2016 Forchlorfenuron
Isopyrazam Carbetamide Furfural
Ipconazole Cyanamide Halosulfuron-methyl
Penthiopyrad Chlorophene; 2-benzyl-4- Imazalil sulfate
Sedaxane chlorophenol Lactofen
Fluxapyroxad Dicofol Mecoprop, MCPP
Metazachlor Emamectin benzoate Meptyldinocap
Fuberidazole Fenpyroximate Pyrethrins, Pyrethrum extract
Oxadiargyl Quinolin-8-ol; 8- Pyrimidifen
Zinc phosphide hydroxyquinoline Simazine
Cyflufenamid Sulfluramide Tau-fluvalinate
Triadimenol Tebuconazole
Since June 2013 Thiabendazole
Magnesium phosphide Since March 2018 Tribufos, Tribuphos
Proquinazid Calcium cyanide Trichloracetic acid
Aclonifen Cyproconazole
Imiprothrin Flupyradifurone
Sulfoxaflor Group: Glyphosate and its salts
Climbazole (see group table)
Metaflumizone Noviflumuron
Aminocyclopyrachlor Propiconazole
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Pesticides deleted from the PAN HHP List since January 2009
2009-2011 Chlorpropham p-Dichlorobenzene; Paradichlorobenzene
Chlozolinate Penconazole
2,4-dichlorophenol
Cinidon-ethyl Pendimethalin
Bacillus subtilis GBO3 Clodinafop-propargyl Penflufen
Chlordimeform hydrochloride Clofencet Penoxsulam
Chlorsulfuron Clofentezine Penthiopyrad
Sulfosulfuron Clopyralid Piperonyl butoxide
Since 2011 Cumyluron Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)
Cyanazine Prochloraz
1,2,4-triazole
Cyproconazole Prodiamine
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
Cyromazine Prometryn
2,6-Dichlorbenzamid
Dacthal (DCPA); Chlorthal-dimethyl Propanil
Aniline
Dichlobenil Propazine
Azobenzene
Dichlorophene Propiconazole
Bis (chloroethyl) ether
Dichlorprop-P Proquinazid
Chlorbenside
Dicofol Prosulfocarb
Coconut diethanolamide
Difenoconazole Pyrasulfotole
Dichloro acetic acid
Dimefuron Pyrethrins
Dimethoxane
Dimethenamid Pyrifenox
Doxorubicin
Dimethipin Pyrimethanil
Heptachlor epoxide
Dithianon Pyrithiobac-sodium
Hydrazine
Esbiothrin; S-Bioallethrin Pyroxasulfone
Isophorone
Ethaboxam Quinmerac
Mepronil
Ethalfluralin Quintozene; (PCNB)
Methylene chloride
Ethiozin Silthiofam
P-chloroaniline
Ethiprole Simazine
Pentachlorbenzene
Ethofumesate Sintofen
Picloram, diethanolamine salt
Fenbuconazole S-Metolachlor
piperonyl butoxid
Fenpropidin Tebuconazole
Trichlorophenol
Flonicamid Tebufenpyrad
Tridiphane
Fluazinam Tembotrione
Since June 2013 Fludioxonil Thiabendazole
2,4,5-T (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic Fluometuron Thiazopyr
acid) Fluopicolide Topramezone
Aldrin Flutolanil Tralkoxydim
Binapacryl Fluxapyroxad Triadimefon
Chlordimeform Forchlorfenuron Triadimenol
Chlorobenzilate Fuberidazole Triasulfuron
Cholecalciferol; Vitamin D3 Furfural; 2-furaldehyde Tribenuron methyl
Dieldrin Glyphosate trimesium Tribufos
Dinoseb Hexachloroethane Triclosan
Endrin Hexaconazole Tricyclazole
Heptachlor Hydramethylnon Triflusulfuron-methyl
Mirex Hydrogen cyanamide Triforine
Toxaphene Imazaquin Triticonazole
Metobromuron Iodomethane Uniconazole
Chlordecone Ipconazole Since June 2014
8-hydroxyquinoline Isoproturon
Isoxaben Fluopyram
Oxadiargyl
Methyl isothiocyanate Lactofen Since June 2015
Lenacil
Since November 2013 Imazethapyr
MCPA
2,4,5-T, butyric acid MCPB Since December 2016
2,4,5-trichlorophenol MCPP MGK 326
2,4-D Mecoprop-P
2,4-DP, isooctyl ester Mercaptobenzothiazole, 2- Since March 2018
3-CPA Metaldehyde Cyflufenamid
Acifluorfen, sodium salt Metazachlor Sedaxane
Aclonifen Metconazole Nitrapyrin
Allethrin; Bioallethrin Methylphenol, 3-; Meta-Cresol Sodium dimethyl dithio carbamate
Amidosulfuron Metolachlor Propyzamide
Aminocyclopyrachlor Metoxuron
Aminopyralid Metrafenone Since March 2019
Amitraz Metronidazole 2,4-DB
Asulam Metsulfuron-methyl Atrazine
Asulam, sodium salt Myclobutanil Hydrogen cyanamide
Azoxystrobin Napropamide Fenarimol
Benfluralin Nicosulfuron Ioxynil
Bentazone Norflurazon Picloram
Boscalid; Nicobifen; BAS 510 F O-phenylphenol Terbutryn
Bromacil Orthosulfamuron Zineb
Bromuconazole Oxadixyl
Buprofezin Oxycarboxin
Captan Paclobutrazol
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Explanatory notes
regarding the table of active ingredients
WHO Ia: Extremely hazardous (Class 1a) according to World Health Organisation
WHO Ib: Highly hazardous (Class 1b) according to World Health Organisation
H330 ‘Fatal if inhaled’, hazard classification according to the EU or Japan Globally Harmonised System (GHS)
max = 1 This active ingredient meets at least one criterion in this Group
EPA carc Human carcinogen according to EPA
IARC carc Human carcinogen according to IARC
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B) Known or presumed human carcinogens (1A or 1B) according to EU or Japan GHS
EPA prob/likel carc Probable/ Likely carcinogen (including “Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans: At High Doses” according to EPA
IARC prob carc Probable carcinogen according to IARC
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B) Substances known to induce heritable mutations or to be regarded as if they induce heritable mutations in the germ cells of
humans. Substances known to induce heritable mutations in the germ cells of humans’ (Category 1A or 1B) according to EU or
Japan GHS.
GHS+ repro (1A, 1B) Known or presumed human reproductive toxicant according to EU or Japan GHS.
GHS+ C2 & R2 Pesticides classified GHS Carcinogen Category 2 AND Reproductive Category 2 following EU or Japan GHS
EU ED Known as an endocrine disrupter according to EU assessment following Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/605
Very bio acc Very bioaccumulative (BCF >5000) or Kow logP >5 (BCF values supersede Kow logP data)
Very pers water, soil or sediment Very persistent in water (half-life > 60 days), soils or sediments (half-life > 180 days)
Very toxic to aq. organism Very toxic to aquatic organisms (Acute LC/EC50 <0,1 mg/l for Daphnia species)
Highly toxic bees Hazard to ecosystem services – Highly toxic to bees (<2 µg/bee) according to U.S. EPA as listed by FOOTPRINT data
Montr Prot Ozone depleting chemical according to the Montreal Protocol
PIC Listed in Annex III of the Rotterdam Convention or meeting the criteria for being listed
POP Listed in Annex III of the Stockholm Convention or meeting the criteria for being listed
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22 PAN International List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides - 03/2021
Grouped Pesticides
Some pesticides are grouped in the list as follows:
Group/ pesticides
CAS Number
Arsenic and its coumpounds
Arsenic pentoxide 1303-28-2
Arsenic pentoxide hydrate 12044-50-7
Arsenic trioxide 1327-53-3
Cacolydate; sodium dimethylarsinate 124-65-2
Calcium arsenate 7778-44-1
Chromated copper arsenate; CCA 75-60-5
Copper arsenate 7778-41-8
DSMA; Disodium methanearsonate 144-21-8
Lead arsenate 7784-40-9
MAA, methylarsonic acid 124-58-3
MSMA 2163-80-6
MSMA, calcium salt 5902-95-4
Paris Green 12002-03-8
Sodium arsenate 13464-38-5
Sodium arsenite 7784-46-5
Borax; Borate salts
Borax, disodium octaborate anhydrous 12008-41-2
Borax, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate 12280-03-4
Borax, disodium tetraborate decahydrate 1303-96-4
DNOC and its salts
DNOC, ammonium salt 2980-64-5
DNOC, potassium salt 5787-96-2
DNOC, sodium salt 2312-76-7
DNOC 534-52-1
Glyphosate and its salts
Glyphosate (acid) 1071-83-6
Glyphosate-diammonium 69254-40-6
Glyphosate-isopropylamine (-isopropylammonium;-IPA) 38641-94-0
Glyphosate-monoammonium 40465-66-5
Glyphosate-sodium 34494-03-6
Glyphosate-trimesium 81591-81-3
Mercury and its compounds
2-Acetoxymercuricethanol phenylmercuric lactate 4665-55-8
Chloromethoxypropylmercuric acetate; CPMA 1319-86-4
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PAN International List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides - 03/2021 23
Cyanomethylmercuricguanidine 502-39-6
Diphenylmercurydodecenylsuccinate; PMDS 27236-65-3
Hydroxymercuri-o-nitrophenol 17140-73-7
Mercuric acetate 1600-27-7
Mercuric chloride 7487-94-7
Mercuric oxide 21908-53-2
Mercurous chloride 7546-30-7
Mercury 7439-97-6
Mercury naphthenate 1336-96-5
Mercury oleate 1191-80-6
Mercury pentanedione 14024-55-6
Mercury phenate 589-66-9
Methoxyethylmercuric acetate 151-38-2
Methoxyethylmercuric chloride 123-88-6
Methylmercury 2,3 dihydoxypropyl mercaptide 2597-95-7
Methylmercury 8-quinolinolate 86-85-1
Methylmercury acetate 108-07-6
Methylmercury benzoate 3626-13-9
Methylmercury hydroxide 1184-57-2
Methylmercury nitrite 2591-97-9
Methylmercury propionate 5903-10-6
N-Phenylmercuric urea 2279-64-3
Phenylethylmercuric salicylate 54-64-8
Phenylmercuric ammonium acetate 53404-67-4
Phenylmercuric ammonium propionate 53404-68-5
Phenylmercuric borate 102-98-7
Phenylmercuric carbonate 53404-69-6
Phenylmercuric chloride 100-56-1
Phenylmercuric dimethyldithiocarbamate 32407-99-1
Phenylmercuric formamide 22894-47-9
Phenylmercuric hydroxide 100-57-2
Phenylmercuric lactate 122-64-5
Phenylmercuric laurylmercaptide unknown
Phenylmercuric monoethanol ammonium acetate 5822-97-9
Phenylmercuric monoethanol ammonium lactate 53404-70-9
Phenylmercuric napthenate 31632-68-5
Phenylmercuric nitrate 55-68-5
Phenylmercuric oleate; PMO 104-68-9
Phenylmercuric propionate 103-27-5
Phenylmercuric salicylate 28086-13-7
Phenylmercuric thiocyanate 16751-55-6
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Phenylmercuric threthanolammonium lactate 23319-66-6
phenylmercuric-2-ethylhexonate 13302-00-6
phenylmercuric-8-quinolinate 26114-17-0
Phenylmercury acetate; PMA 62-38-4
Tributyltin compounds
Tributyltin oxide 56-35-9
Tributyltin fluoride 1983-10-4
Tributyltin methacrylate 2155-70-6
Tributyltin benzoate 4342-36-3
Tributyltin chloride 1461-22-9
Tributyltin linoleate 24124-25-2
Tributyltin naphthenate 85409-17-2
Paraffin oils; mineral oils containing > 3% Dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO)
Paraffin oil 64741-88-4
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••

PAN International List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides – March 2021
Group 1: Group 2: Group 3: Group 4:
Acute Toxicity Long term effects Environmental toxicity Conventions
sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
very pers water, soil or
very toxic to aq. organism
max = 1
max = 1
Grouped (see page 23)
Sum of max=1 in Groups 1-4
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
See note below the table
POP
CAS number Pesticide
0 30 52 63 118 1 4 14 8 77 5 42 1 58 159 22 18 30 118 150 1 31 0 10 36
1 542-75-6 1,3-dichloropropene 1 0 1 1 0 0
2 94-75-7 2,4-D 1 0 1 1 0 0
3 71751-41-2 Abamectin 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
4 30560-19-1 Acephate 1 0 0 1 1 0
5 34256-82-1 Acetochlor 1 0 1 1 0 0
6 62476-59-9 Acifluorfen, sodium 1 0 1 1 0 0
7 101007-06-1 Acrinathrin 1 0 0 1 1 0
8 107-02-8 Acrolein 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
9 15972-60-8 Alachlor 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
10 83130-01-2 Alanycarb 1 0 0 1 1 0
11 116-06-3 Aldicarb 3 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
319-84-6;
12 alpha-BHC; alpha-HCH 1 0 0 0 1 1
319-85-7
13 96-24-2 Alpha-chlorohydrin 1 1 1 0 0 0
14 20859-73-8 Aluminum phosphide 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
15 348635-87-0 Amisulbrom 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
16 61-82-5 Amitrole 1 0 1 1 0 0
17 90640-80-5 Anthracene oil 1 0 1 1 0 0
18 84-65-1 Anthraquinone 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
19 7778-39-4 Arsen and its compounds x 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
20 68049-83-2 Azafenidin 1 0 1 1 0 0
21 35575-96-3 Azamethiphos 1 0 0 1 1 0
22 2642-71-9 Azinphos-ethyl 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
23 86-50-0 Azinphos-methyl 3 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
24 41083-11-8 Azocyclotin 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
25 22781-23-3 Bendiocarb 1 0 0 1 1 0
26 82560-54-1 Benfuracarb 1 0 0 1 1 0
27 17804-35-2 Benomyl 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 X 1
28 741-58-2 Bensulide 1 0 0 1 1 0
29 177406-68-7 Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl 1 0 1 1 0 0
30 1820573-27-0 Beta-cyfluthrin 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
31 319-85-7 beta-HCH; beta-BCH 2 0 1 1 0 1 1
32 82657-04-3 Bifenthrin 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••

sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
33 28434-01-7 Bioresmethrin 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
34 92-52-4 Biphenyl; Diphenyl 1 0 1 1 0 0
35 2079-00-7 Blasticidin-S 1 1 1 0 0 0
36 1303-96-4 Borax; Borate salts x 1 0 1 1 0 0
37 10043-35-3 Boric acid 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
38 56073-10-0 Brodifacoum 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
39 28772-56-7 Bromadiolone 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
40 63333-35-7 Bromethalin 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
41 4824-78-6 Bromophos-ethyl 1 1 1 0 0 0
42 1689-84-5 Bromoxynil 2 1 1 1 1 0 0
43 56634-95-8 Bromoxynil heptanoate 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
44 1689-99-2 Bromoxynil octanoate 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
45 23184-66-9 Butachlor 1 0 1 1 0 0
46 34681-10-2 Butocarboxim 2 1 0 0 1 1 0
47 34681-23-7 Butoxycarboxim 1 1 1 0 0 0
48 95465-99-9 Cadusafos 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
49 592-01-8 Calcium cyanide 1 1 1 0 0 0
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
50 2425-06-1 Captafol 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
51 133-06-2 Captan 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
52 63-25-2 Carbaryl 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
53 10605-21-7 Carbendazim 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
54 16118-49-3 Carbetamide 1 0 1 1 0 0
55 1563-66-2 Carbofuran 3 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 X 1
56 55285-14-8 Carbosulfan 3 1 1 0 1 1 1 CPIC 1

Chinomethionat;
57 2439-01-2 1 0 1 1 0 0
Oxythioquinox
58 500008-45-7 Chlorantraniliprole 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
59 57-74-9 Chlordane 3 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
60 54593-83-8 Chlorethoxyphos 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
61 122453-73-0 Chlorfenapyr 1 0 0 1 1 0
62 470-90-6 Chlorfenvinphos 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
63 71422-67-8 Chlorfluazuron 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
64 24934-91-6 Chlormephos 1 1 1 0 0 0
65 67-66-3 Chloroform 1 0 1 1 0 0
66 3691-35-8 Chlorophacinone 1 1 1 0 0 0
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••

sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
Chlorophene; 2-benzyl-4-
67 120-32-1 1 0 1 1 0 0
chlorophenol
68 76-06-2 Chloropicrin 1 1 1 0 0 0
69 1897-45-6 Chlorothalonil 2 1 1 1 1 0 0
70 15545-48-9 Chlorotoluron 1 0 1 1 0 0
71 101-21-3 Chlorpropham 1 0 1 1 0 0
72 2921-88-2 Chlorpyrifos 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
73 5598-13-0 Chlorpyrifos-methyl 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
74 67-97-0 Cholecalciferol 1 0 1 1 0 0
75 38083-17-9 Climbazole 1 0 0 1 1 0
76 210880-92-5 Clothianidin 1 0 0 1 1 0
77 20427-59-2 Copper (II) hydroxide 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
78 56-72-4 Coumaphos 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
79 5836-29-3 Coumatetralyl 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
80 8001-58-9 Creosote 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
81 420-04-2 Cyanamide 1 0 1 1 0 0
82 21725-46-2 Cyanazine 1 0 1 1 0 0
83 68359-37-5 Cyfluthrin 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
84 68085-85-8 Cyhalothrin 1 0 0 1 1 0
85 76703-62-3 Cyhalothrin, gamma 1 0 0 1 1 0
86 13121-70-5 Cyhexatin 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
87 52315-07-8 Cypermethrin 1 0 0 1 1 0
88 67375-30-8 Cypermethrin, alpha 1 0 0 1 1 0
89 65731-84-2 Cypermethrin, beta 1 0 0 1 1 0
90 94361-06-5 Cyproconazole 1 0 1 1 0 0
91 1596-84-5 Daminozide 1 0 1 1 0 0
92 50-29-3 DDT 3 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
93 52918-63-5 Deltamethrin 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
Demeton-methyl (isomere
94 8022-00-2 mix of O-methyl and S- 1 1 1 0 0 0
methyl)
95 919-86-8 Demeton-S-methyl 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
96 80060-09-9 Diafenthiuron 1 0 0 1 1 0
97 333-41-5 Diazinon 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
98 1194-65-6 Dichlobenil 1 0 1 1 0 0
99 120-36-5 Dichlorprop 1 0 1 1 0 0
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••

sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
100 62-73-7 Dichlorvos; DDVP 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
101 51338-27-3 Diclofop-methyl 1 0 1 1 0 0

CPO
102 115-32-2 Dicofol 1 0 0 0 1 1
P
103 141-66-2 Dicrotophos 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
104 56073-07-5 Difenacoum 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
105 104653-34-1 Difethialone 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
106 60-51-5 Dimethoate 1 0 0 1 1 0
107 149961-52-4 Dimoxystrobin 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
108 39300-45-3 Dinocap 1 0 1 1 0 0
109 165252-70-0 Dinotefuran 1 0 0 1 1 0
110 1420-07-1 Dinoterb 2 1 1 1 1 0 0
111 82-66-6 Diphacinone 1 1 1 0 0 0
112 85-00-7 Diquat dibromide 1 1 1 0 0 0
113 4032-26-2 Diquat dichloride 1 1 1 0 0 0
114 298-04-4 Disulfoton 1 1 1 0 0 0
115 330-54-1 Diuron 1 0 1 1 0 0
116 534-52-1 DNOC and its salts x 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
117 2439-10-3 Dodine 1 1 1 0 0 0
118 17109-49-8 Edifenphos 1 1 1 0 0 0
119 155569-91-8 Emamectin benzoate 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
120 115-29-7 Endosulfan 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
121 297-99-4 E-Phosphamidon 1 1 1 0 0 0
122 106-89-8 Epichlorohydrin 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
123 2104-64-5 EPN 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
124 133855-98-8 Epoxiconazole 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
125 66230-04-4 Esfenvalerate 1 0 0 1 1 0
126 29973-13-5 Ethiofencarb 1 1 1 0 0 0
127 563-12-2 Ethion 1 1 1 0 0 0
128 23947-60-6 Ethirimol 1 0 0 1 1 0
129 13194-48-4 Ethoprophos; Ethoprop 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

Ethylene dibromide; 1,2-
130 106-93-4 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
dibromoethane
Ethylene dichloride; 1,2-
131 107-06-2 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
Dichloroethane
132 75-21-8 Ethylene oxide 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••

sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
133 96-45-7 Ethylene thiourea 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
134 80844-07-1 Etofenprox; Ethofenprox 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
135 52-85-7 Famphur 1 1 1 0 0 0
136 22224-92-6 Fenamiphos 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
137 120928-09-8 Fenazaquin 1 0 0 1 1 0
138 114369-43-6 Fenbuconazole 1 0 1 1 0 0
139 13356-08-6 Fenbutatin-oxide 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
140 103112-35-2 Fenchlorazole-ethyl 1 0 1 1 0 0
141 126833-17-8 Fenhexamid 1 1 1 0 0 0
142 122-14-5 Fenitrothion 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
143 72490-01-8 Fenoxycarb 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
144 39515-41-8 Fenpropathrin 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
145 134098-61-6 Fenpyroximate 1 1 1 0 0 0

Fenthion / Fenthion >
146 55-38-9 2 0 0 1 1 1 CF 1
640g/L
Fentin acetate;
147 900-95-8 2 1 1 1 1 0 0
Triphenyltin acetate
Fentin hydroxide;
148 76-87-9 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
Triphenyltin hydroxide
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
149 51630-58-1 Fenvalerate 1 0 0 1 1 0
150 14484-64-1 Ferbam 1 1 1 0 0 0
151 120068-37-3 Fipronil 1 0 0 1 1 0
152 90035-08-8 Flocoumafen 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
153 69806-50-4 Fluazifop-butyl 1 0 1 1 0 0
154 79622-59-6 Fluazinam 1 1 1 0 0 0
155 174514-07-9 Fluazolate 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
156 272451-65-7 Flubendiamide 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
157 70124-77-5 Flucythrinate 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
158 101463-69-8 Flufenoxuron 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
159 62924-70-3 Flumetralin 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
160 103361-09-7 Flumioxazin 1 0 1 1 0 0
161 640-19-7 Fluoroacetamide 2 1 1 0 0 1 1
162 951659-40-8 Flupyradifurone 1 0 0 1 1 0
163 85509-19-9 Flusilazole 1 0 1 1 0 0
164 106917-52-6 Flusulfamide 1 1 1 0 0 0
165 117337-19-6 Fluthiacet-methyl 1 0 1 1 0 0
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••

sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
166 69409-94-5 Fluvalinate 1 1 1 0 0 0
167 133-07-3 Folpet 2 1 1 1 1 0 0
168 68157-60-8 Forchlorfenuron 1 0 1 1 0 0
169 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
170 22259-30-9 Formetanate 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
171 98886-44-3 Fosthiazate 1 0 0 1 1 0
172 65907-30-4 Furathiocarb 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
173 98-01-1 Furfural 1 0 1 1 0 0
174 121776-33-8 Furilazole 1 0 1 1 0 0
175 77182-82-2 Glufosinate-ammonium 1 0 1 1 0 0
176 1071-83-6 Glyphosate x 1 0 1 1 0 0
177 111872-58-3 Halfenprox 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
178 100784-20-1 Halosulfuron-methyl 1 0 1 1 0 0
Haloxyfop-methyl
179 69806-40-2 1 0 1 1 0 0
(unstated stereochemistry)
180 23560-59-0 Heptenophos 2 1 1 0 1 1 0

hexachlorobenzene /
181 118-74-1 benzene hexachloride 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(HCB/BHC)
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
182 86479-06-3 Hexaflumuron 1 0 0 1 1 0

Hexchlorocyclohexane;
183 608-73-1 mix of isomers (beta-HCH 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
& alpha-HCH)
184 78587-05-0 Hexythiazox 1 0 1 1 0 0
185 74-90-8 Hydrogen cyanide** 1 1 1 1 0 0
186 35554-44-0 Imazalil 1 0 1 1 0 0
187 58594-72-2 Imazalil sulfate 1 0 1 1 0 0
188 138261-41-3 Imidacloprid 1 0 0 1 1 0
189 72963-72-5 Imiprothrin 1 0 0 1 1 0
190 173584-44-6 Indoxacarb 1 0 0 1 1 0
191 36734-19-7 Iprodione 1 0 1 1 0 0
192 140923-17-7 Iprovalicarb 1 0 1 1 0 0
193 881685-58-1 Isopyrazam 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
194 141112-29-0 Isoxaflutole 1 0 1 1 0 0
195 18854-01-8 Isoxathion 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
196 143390-89-0 Kresoxim-methyl 1 0 1 1 0 0
197 77501-63-4 Lactofen 1 0 1 1 0 0
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••

sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
198 91465-08-6 Lambda-cyhalothrin 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
199 58-89-9 Lindane 3 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
200 330-55-2 Linuron 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
201 103055-07-8 Lufenuron 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
202 12057-74-8 Magnesium phosphide 1 1 1 0 0 0
203 121-75-5 Malathion 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
204 8018-01-7 Mancozeb 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
205 12427-38-2 Maneb 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
206 2595-54-2 Mecarbam 1 1 1 0 0 0
207 7085-19-0 Mecoprop; MCPP 1 0 1 1 0 0
208 110235-47-7 Mepanipyrim 1 0 1 1 0 0
209 131-72-6 Meptyldinocap 1 0 1 1 0 0

Mercury and its
210 7439-97-6 x 2 1 1 0 0 1 1
compounds
211 139968-49-3 Metaflumizone 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
212 137-41-7 Metam-potassium 1 0 1 1 0 0
213 137-42-8 Metam-sodium 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
214 18691-97-9 Methabenzthiazuron 1 0 0 1 1 0
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
215 10265-92-6 Methamidophos 3 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 X 1
216 950-37-8 Methidathion 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
217 2032-65-7 Methiocarb 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
218 16752-77-5 Methomyl 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
219 72-43-5 Methoxychlor 1 0 0 0 1 1
220 74-83-9 Methyl bromide 1 0 0 0 1 1
221 9006-42-2 Metiram 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
222 21087-64-9 Metribuzin 1 0 1 1 0 0
223 7786-34-7 Mevinphos 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
224 51596-10-2 Milbemectin 1 0 0 1 1 0
225 2212-67-1 Molinate 1 0 1 1 0 0
226 71526-07-3 MON 4660; AD 67 1 0 1 1 0 0
227 6923-22-4 Monocrotophos 3 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
228 300-76-5 Naled 1 0 0 1 1 0
229 54-11-5 Nicotine 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
230 150824-47-8 Nitenpyram 1 0 0 1 1 0
231 98-95-3 Nitrobenzene 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••

sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
232 121451-02-3 Noviflumuron 1 0 1 1 0 0
233 1113-02-6 Omethoate 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
234 19044-88-3 Oryzalin 1 0 1 1 0 0
235 19666-30-9 Oxadiazon 1 0 1 1 0 0
236 23135-22-0 Oxamyl 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
237 301-12-2 Oxydemeton-methyl 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
238 42874-03-3 Oxyfluorfen 1 0 1 1 0 0
239 64741-88-4 Paraffin oils; mineral oils x 1 0 1 1 0 0

Paraquat dichloride /
240 1910-42-5 Paraquat dichloride 2 1 1 0 0 1 CF 1
>276g/L
241 56-38-2 Parathion 3 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
242 298-00-0 Parathion-methyl 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 X 1
243 87-86-5 PCP; Pentachlorphenol 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
244 40487-42-1 Pendimethalin 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
245 52645-53-1 Permethrin 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
246 2597-03-7 Phenthoate 1 0 0 1 1 0
247 298-02-2 Phorate 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
248 732-11-6 Phosmet 1 0 0 1 1 0
249 13171-21-6 Phosphamidon 3 1 1 0 1 1 1 X 1
250 7803-51-2 Phosphine 1 1 1 0 0 0
251 23103-98-2 Pirimicarb 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
252 29232-93-7 Pirimiphos-methyl 1 0 0 1 1 0
253 299-45-6 Potasan 1 1 1 0 0 0
254 23031-36-9 Prallethrin 1 0 0 1 1 0
255 32809-16-8 Procymidone 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
256 41198-08-7 Profenofos 1 0 0 1 1 0
257 139001-49-3 Profoxydim 1 0 1 1 0 0
258 1918-16-7 Propachlor 1 0 1 1 0 0
259 2312-35-8 Propargite 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
260 31218-83-4 Propetamphos 1 1 1 0 0 0
261 60207-90-1 Propiconazole 1 0 1 1 0 0
262 12071-83-9 Propineb 1 0 1 1 0 0
263 114-26-1 Propoxur 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
264 75-56-9 Propylene oxide, Oxirane 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••

sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
265 34643-46-4 Prothiofos 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
266 123312-89-0 Pymetrozine 1 0 1 1 0 0
267 77458-01-6 Pyraclofos 1 0 0 1 1 0
268 129630-19-9 Pyraflufen-ethyl 1 0 1 1 0 0
269 6814-58-0 Pyrazachlor 1 0 1 1 0 0
270 13457-18-6 Pyrazophos 1 0 0 1 1 0
271 108-34-9 Pyrazoxon 1 1 1 0 0 0

Pyrethrins, Pyrethrum
272 8003-34-7 1 0 0 1 1 0
extract
273 96489-71-3 Pyridaben 1 0 0 1 1 0
274 179101-81-6 Pyridalyl 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
275 119-12-0 Pyridiphenthion 1 0 0 1 1 0
276 105779-78-0 Pyrimidifen 1 1 1 0 0 0
277 13593-03-8 Quinalphos 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
278 2797-51-5 Quinoclamine 1 0 0 1 1 0

Quinolin-8-ol; 8-
279 148-24-3 1 0 1 1 0 0
hydroxyquinoline
280 124495-18-7 Quinoxyfen 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
281 119738-06-6 Quizalofop-p-tefuryl 1 0 1 1 0 0
282 10453-86-8 Resmethrin 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
283 83-79-4 Rotenone 1 0 0 1 1 0
284 105024-66-6 Silafluofen 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
285 122-34-9 Simazine 1 0 1 1 0 0
286 143-33-9 Sodium cyanide 1 1 1 0 0 0

Sodium fluoroacetate
287 62-74-8 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
(1080)
288 187166-15-0 Spinetoram 1 0 0 1 1 0
289 168316-95-8 Spinosad 1 0 0 1 1 0
290 148477-71-8 Spirodiclofen 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
291 57-24-9 Strychnine 1 1 1 0 0 0
292 4151-50-2 Sulfluramid 1 0 0 0 1 1* 1
293 3689-24-5 Sulfotep 1 1 1 0 0 0
294 946578-00-3 Sulfoxaflor 1 0 0 1 1 0
295 102851-06-9 Tau-fluvalinate 1 1 1 0 0 0
296 21564-17-0 TCMTB 1 1 1 0 0 0
297 107534-96-3 Tebuconazole 2 1 1 1 1 0 0
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••

sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
298 96182-53-5 Tebupirimifos 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
299 79538-32-2 Tefluthrin 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
300 3383-96-8 Temephos 1 0 0 1 1 0
301 149979-41-9 Tepraloxydim 1 0 1 1 0 0
302 13071-79-9 Terbufos 1 1 1 0 0 0
303 2593-15-9 Terrazole; Etridiazole 1 0 1 1 0 0
304 22248-79-9 Tetrachlorvinphos 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
305 112281-77-3 Tetraconazole 1 0 1 1 0 0
306 7696-12-0 Tetramethrin 1 0 0 1 1 0
307 148-79-8 Thiabendazole 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
308 111988-49-9 Thiacloprid 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
309 153719-23-4 Thiamethoxam 1 0 0 1 1 0
310 59669-26-0 Thiodicarb 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
311 39196-18-4 Thiofanox 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
312 640-15-3 Thiometon 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
313 23564-05-8 Thiophanate-methyl 1 0 1 1 0 0
314 62-56-6 Thiourea 1 0 1 1 0 0
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
Thiram in formulations
315 137-26-8 with benomyl and 1 0 0 0 1 X 1
carbofuran
316 330459-31-9 Tioxazafen 1 0 1 1 0 0
317 129558-76-5 Tolfenpyrad 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
318 731-27-1 Tolylfluanid 2 1 1 1 1 0 0
319 66841-25-6 Tralomethrin 1 0 0 1 1 0
320 55219-65-3 Triadimenol 1 0 1 1 0 0
321 2303-17-5 Tri-allate 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
322 24017-47-8 Triazophos 1 1 1 0 0 0
323 78-48-8 Tribufos, Tribuphos 1 0 1 1 0 0
324 nocas 8 Tributyltin compounds x 2 0 1 1 0 1 1
325 52-68-6 Trichlorfon 3 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
326 76-03-9 Trichloroacetic acid 1 0 1 1 0 0
327 81412-43-3 Tridemorph 1 0 1 1 0 0
328 99387-89-0 Triflumizole 1 0 1 1 0 0
329 1582-09-8 Trifluralin 2 0 1 1 1 1 0
330 37248-47-8 Validamycin 1 0 0 1 1 0
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••

sediment
max = 1
max = 1
very bio acc
max = 1
max = 1
WHO Ia
WHO Ib
H330
EPA carc
IARC carc
GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)
IARC prob carc
EPA prob likel carc
GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)
GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)
EU EDC
GHS+ C2 & R2
highly toxic bees
Montr Prot
PIC
POP
331 2275-23-2 Vamidothion 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
332 50471-44-8 Vinclozolin 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
333 81-81-2 Warfarin 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
334 2655-14-3 XMC 1 0 0 1 1 0
335 52315-07-8z zeta-Cypermethrin 2 1 1 0 1 1 0
336 1314-84-7 Zinc phosphide 1 1 1 0 0 0
337 137-30-4 Ziram 1 1 1 0 0 0
338 23783-98-4 Z-Phosphamidon 1 1 1 0 0 0
GHS+: This list uses the EU and the Japan GHS (Global Harmonized System) for identification of pesticides classified as GHS carc (1A, 1B), GHS muta (1A, 1B), GHS repro (1A ,1B) and C2 & R2
X: Annex III of the Rotterdam Convention includes certain specific formulations.
CF: Formulations at or above the specified concentration have been agreed by the Rotterdam COP to meet the criteria for listing, but are not yet formally listed
C PIC: agreed by the PIC Convention’s Chemical Review Committee and the Conference of the Parties as meeting the criteria of the Convention but yet not formally listed
C POP: agreed by the POPs Chemical Review Committee and the Conference of the Parties as meeting the criteria of the Stockholm Convention but yet not formally listed
* Although sulfluramid is not specially listed under the Stockholm Convention it is regarded by the Stockholm COP as being listed because it is derived from and breaks down into substances that are
listed (PFOS and salts).
GHS (EU, Japan) C2 & R2: The combination-criterion GHS C2 & R2 was used by the EU as an interim criterion to indicate possible endocrine disrupting (ED) pesticides
EPA prob likel carc: Italic "1" stands for classified by EPA as "Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans: At High Doses"
** This lists uses the same classification for hydrogen cyanide as for calcium cyanide. According to WHO (2019) Calcium cyanide reacts with moisture to produce hydrogen cyanide gas. Hydrogen
cyanide is fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled. In liquid form this substance is also fatal if swallowed or in contact with skin.
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PAN International List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides

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PAN International List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides

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PAN International List of

Highly Hazardous Pesticides

This 'PAN International List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides' is drafted

available at: http://www.fao.org/unfao/bodies/coag/coag20/index_en.htm

Summary for Policymakers(Advance Draft version 22Jan 2021)

Focus and scope

The following pesticides have been added to the list:

PAN International Indicators for Identifying

Known to cause a high incidence of severe or irreversible adverse effects

Explanatory notes and comments regarding the

13 In case the pesticide is already on the HHP list

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)

Classification for bee toxicity

EU categorisation of endocrine disruptors

Characterization, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-

Toxicity to aquatic organisms

Ecosystem services – pollination by bees

Evolution of the PAN List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides

Pesticides added to the PAN HHP List since January 2009

2009-2011 Cyhalothrin, gamma Metazachlor

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••

very bio acc

very pers water, soil or

very toxic to aq. organism

Sum of max=1 in Groups 1-4

GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)

IARC prob carc

EPA prob likel carc

GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)

GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)

highly toxic bees

See note below the table

0 30 52 63 118 1 4 14 8 77 5 42 1 58 159 22 18 30 118 150 1 31 0 10 36

6 62476-59-9 Acifluorfen, sodium 1 0 1 1 0 0

14 20859-73-8 Aluminum phosphide 2 1 1 0 1 1 0

very bio acc

very pers water, soil or

very toxic to aq. organism

Sum of max=1 in Groups 1-4

GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)

IARC prob carc

EPA prob likel carc

GHS+ muta (1A, 1B)

GHS+ repro (1A ,1B)

highly toxic bees

See note below the table

17 90640-80-5 Anthracene oil 1 0 1 1 0 0

19 7778-39-4 Arsen and its compounds x 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0

31 319-85-7 beta-HCH; beta-BCH 2 0 1 1 0 1 1

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••

very bio acc

very pers water, soil or

very toxic to aq. organism

Sum of max=1 in Groups 1-4

GHS+ carc (1A, 1B)

IARC prob carc