Chemistry For Engineers: Dr. Norma B. Muyot, Che, Edd

CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERS
DR. NORMA B. MUYOT, CHE, EDD
 Basic Concepts:
 Atomic and Molecular Mass
 Atomic Mass= Atomic Weight of the Atom
 Molecular Mass= Total atomic weights of elements in a
molecule
 Parts of the atom:
 Protons& neutrons-found at the nucleus & constitute
99.9& of the total atomic weight
 Electron-the negatively-charge particle of an atom
 Mole= amount of substance, is containing the same
number of atoms as there are carbon atoms in exactly
12g of pure carbon atom. Tis number is called
Avogadro’s constant, NA= 6.0221 x 1023/mol
 Theoretically: a mole of a substance=
wt in grams/atomic wt or if molecule=
wt in grams/molar weight
Sample problems:
1. How many moles of Carbon are there
in 120 grams of pure carbon?
2. How many grams of rust, Fe2O3 are

contained in 2.57 moles of the
substance?
3. What is the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2?
Atomic wt Ca + 2 (aw N) + 6(aw O)
= 40.078 + 2(14.007) + 6(15.999) = 164.09

 Balancing of Equation and Stoichiometry
 The
Four Major Name General Reaction Pattern
Combination or synthesis A + B ----> AB
Decomposition AB ----> A + B
Substitution or Single Replacement A + BC ----> B + AC
Metathesis or Double Displacement AB + CD ----> AD + CB
Combination or Synthesis Reactions Two or more
reactants unite to form a single product.
S + O2 ---------> SO2
sulphur oxygen sulphur dioxide
2S + 3 O2 ---------> 2 SO3
sulphur oxygen sulphur trioxide
2 Fe + O2 ---------> 2 FeO
iron oxygen iron (II) oxide
Decomposition Reactions A single reactant is
decomposed or broken down into two or more products
CaCO3 ----------> CaO + CO2

calcium carbonate calcium oxide carbon dioxide
2 H2O -----------> 2 H2 + O2
water hydrogen oxygen
2 KClO3 -----------> 2 KCl + 3 O2
potassium chlorate potassium chloride oxygen
Substitution or Single Replacement Reactions A single free
element replaces or is substituted for one of the elements in a
compound.
The free element is more reactive than the one its replaces.
Zn + 2 HCl ----------> H2 + ZnCl2
zinc hydrochloric acid hydrogen zinc chloride
Cu + 2 AgNO3 -----------> 2 Ag + Cu(NO3)2
copper silver nitrate silver copper (II) nitrate
H2 + 2 AgNO3 -----------> 2 Ag + 2 HNO3
hydrogen silver nitrate silver nitric acid
2 Na + 2 H2O -----------> 2 NaOH + H2
sodium water sodium hydroxide hydrogen
 Metathesis or Double Displacement Reactions This reaction
 type an be viewed as an "exchange of partners." For ionic
compounds, the positive ion in the first compound combines with
the negative ion in the second compound, and the positive ion in
the second compound combines with the negative ion in the first
compound.
 HCl + NaOH -----------> NaCl + HOH
hydrochloric sodium sodium water
acid hydroxide chloride
 BaCl2 + 2 AgNO3 ----------> 2 AgCl + Ba(NO3)2
barium chloride silver
nitrate silver chloride barium nirtate
 CaCO3 + 2 HCl -----------> CaCl2 + H2CO3

calcium hydrochloric calcium carbonic
carbonate acid chloride acid
 Steps in Balancing Chemical Equations
 Write down your given equation. ...
 Write down the number of atoms per element. ...
 Save hydrogen and oxygen for last, as they are often on
both sides. ...
 Start with single elements. ...
 Use a coefficient to balance the single carbon atom. ...
 Balance the hydrogen atoms next. ...
 Balance the oxygen atoms
In making calculations from chemical reactions, it is
important to take note of the following steps:
From the reactions given, write the name of the

elements, compounds and molecules in the reactant
and product side.
Write the formula for each element, compound and
molecule.
Balance the number of atoms in the reactant and
product side by using coefficient. In no occasion are
we allowed to change the subscript.
Determining Percentage Composition of Compounds
 The percentage composition of compounds equals the
weight of an element over the total molar weight of the
compound/molecule that is in compound AB:
 % A = wt A/wt AB x 100
1. What is the % composition of water, H2O?
H2O = 2 (1.008) + 15.999= 18.01g
% H= 2(1.008)/18.01= .1119 (100)= 11.19% H
% O = 15.999/18.01 = .8881(100)= 88.81% O
2. Determine the percentage composition of table
sugar, C12H22O11 .
3. Baking soda is an important culinary ingredient, its

chemical formula is KHNO3, , find its percentage
composition.
 Find the % composition of KHNO3
 Please
answer the Learning Activities
posted in the classwork section.

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CHEMISTRY FOR

2. How many grams of rust, Fe2O3 are

= 40.078 + 2(14.007) + 6(15.999) = 164.09

CaCO3 ----------> CaO + CO2

 CaCO3 + 2 HCl -----------> CaCl2 + H2CO3

From the reactions given, write the name of the

3. Baking soda is an important culinary ingredient, its

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