Page 1 of 4 CPP - SANKALP_MW–6-PH-IV

CPP
MECHANICAL WAVE-SHEET: 6 (Lecture – 6)

LEVEL - I
1. A steel rod having a length of 1 m is fastened at its middle. Assuming young’s modulus to be
21011 Pa, and density to be 8 gm/cm3 find the fundamental frequency of the longitudinal vibration and frequency of first
overtone.
2. A wire of uniform cross-section is stretched between two points 100 cm apart. The wire is fixed at one end and a weight is
hung over a pulley at the other end. A weight of 9 kg produces a fundamental frequency of 750 Hz.
(a) What is the velocity of the wave in the wire?
(b) If the weight is reduced to 4 kg, what is the velocity of the wave? Also determine the fundamental frequency and
wavelength of the wave.
3. Two wires made up of same material and having same length and radii r and 2r, respectively, are welded together end to
end. This combination is used as a sonometer wire, kept under tension T. The welded point is midway between the two
bridges. What would be the ratio of the number of loops formed in the wires such that the joint is a node when stationary
vibrations are set up in the wires.
4. The tension in a wire is decreased by 19%. Find the percentage decrease in frequency

5. In case of mechanical wave a particle oscillates and during oscillation its kinetic energy and potential energy changes.

Column I Column II
(A) When particle of travelling wave is passing through (P) Kinetic energy is maximum
mean position.
(B) When particle of travelling wave is at extreme (Q) Potential energy is maximum
position.
(C) When particle between node and antinode in standing (R) Kinetic energy is minimum
wave is passing through mean position
(D) When particle between node and antinode in standing (S) Potential energy is minimum
wave is at extreme position
6. A progressive wave given by y = a sin (t – kx) superimposes with the wave reflected from the rigid end. The intensity of
the reflected wave gets reduced by some amount. The resulting wave will have components of
(A) only progressive (B) only standing
(C) partly progressive and partly standing (D) not a wave.
7. A string fixed at both ends and under tension T vibrates in its 1st overtone with an amplitude A at the antinodes. The total
energy of the string is E and the maximum possible speed of a particle of the string is v. If the same string were to vibrate
in its fundamental mode under a tension 4T and with an amplitude A at the antinode then
(A) The total energy of the string will be E
(B) The total energy of the string will be 2E
(C) The maximum possible speed of a particle on the string is v
(D) The maximum possible speed of a particle on the string is 2v
8. A clamped string is oscillating in nth harmonic, then
(A) total energy of oscillations will be proportional to n2 times that of fundamental frequency
(B) total energy of oscillations will be proportional to (n–1)2 times that of fundamental frequency
(C) average kinetic energy of the string over a complete oscillations is half of that of the total energy of the string.
(D) none of these
9. The correct graph between the frequency n and square root of density () of a wire, keeping its length, radius and tension
constant is
(A) (B)

(C) (D)

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LEVEL - II
1. A rope, under a tension of 200 N and fixed at both ends, oscillates in a second-harmonic standing wave pattern. The
displacement of the rope is given by : Y = (0.10 m) (sin x/2) sin12t
where x = 0 at one end of the rope, x is in meters and t is in seconds. What are
(A) the length of the rope,
(B) the speed of the progressive waves on the rope, and
(C) the mass of the rope?
(D) If the rope oscillates in a third-harmonic standing wave pattern, what will be the period of oscillation?

2. A metal rod of length l = 100 cm is clamped at two points. Distance of each clamp from nearer end is a=30cm. If density
and Young’s modulus of elasticity of rod material are  = 9000 kg m-3 and Y = 144 GPa respectively, calculate minimum
and next higher frequency of natural longitudinal oscillations of the rod.

3. Two wires are fixed on a sonometer. Their tensions are in the ratio 8 : 1, lengths are in the ratio 36 : 35, the diameters are
in the ratio 4 : 1 and densities are in the ratio 1 : 2. Find the frequencies of the beats produced if the note of the higher
pitch has a frequency of 360 per second.

4. An aluminum thin wire of length l1 = 60.0 cm and of cross- l1 l2

2 2
sectional area 1.00  10 cm is connected to a steel wire of
the same cross sectional area. The compound wire, loaded
Aluminium Steel
with a block m of mass 10.0 kg, is arranged as shown, so that
the distance l2 from the joint to the supporting pulley is 86.6
cm Transverse waves are set up in the wire by using an
external source of variable frequency.
m

(a) Find the lowest frequency of excitation for which standing waves are observed such that the joint in the wire is a
node.
(b) What is total number of nodes observed at this frequency excluding the two at the ends of the wire?
3 3
[Density of aluminum is 2.6 g/cm and density of steel is 7.8 g/cm .]

5. A steel wire is rigidly fixed at both ends. Its length, mass and cross-sectional area are 1m
-6 2
1m, 0.1 kg and 10 m respectively. Tension in the wire is produced by lowering the
0.25m
temperature by 20C . If transverse waves are set up by plucking the wire at 0.25 m
from one end, and assuming that the wire vibrates with minimum number of loops
possible for such a case. The frequency of vibration (in Hz) is found to be 11K. Find
-5 o -1
the value of K. Given  = 1.21  10 C , Y = 2  10 N/m .
11 2 Pluck

6. A sonometer wire has a total length of 1 m between the fixed ends. Two wooden bridges are placed below the wire at a
distance 1/7 m from one end and 4/7 m from the other end. Find the ratio of frequencies of the three segments of the wire

7. Sound waves of frequency 660 Hz fall normally on a perfectly reflecting wall. The shortest distance from the wall at which
the air particle has maximum amplitude of vibration is (velocity of sound in air is 330 m/s)
(A) 0.125 m (B) 0.5 m (C) 0.25 m (D) 2 m
Question No. 8 to 13 (6 questions)
The figure represents the instantaneous displacement-position graph of a longitudinal s v
harmonic wave travelling along the negative x-axis. Identify the correct statement(s) a i
related to the movement of the points shown in the figure. b h j
o c g x
f k
d
e
8. The points moving in the direction of wave are
(A) b (B) c (C) f (D) i

9. The points moving opposite to the direction of propagation are

(A) a (B) d (C) f (D) j

10. The stationary points are

(A) a (B) c (C) g (D) k

11. The maximum displaced points are

(A) a (B) e (C) g (D) i

12. The points of maximum compression are

(A) c (B) g (C) e (D) k

13. The points of maximum rarefaction are

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(A) a (B) e (C) g (D) i

Question No. 14 to 15

In figure a, string 1 has a linear mass density of 3 g/m, and string 2 has a linear mass density of 4.5
g/m. They are under tension due to the hanging block of mass M = 500 g as shown in figure (a)

14. The ratio of speeds of transverse wave in the string 1 to that of string 2 is
(A) 3: 2 (B) 3 : 2 (C) 2: 3 (D) 2 : 3

15. The block is now divided into two blocks (with M1 + M2 = M) and the apparatus is
rearranged as shown in figure b. If the speeds of transverse waves in the two strings are
equal the values of M1 and M2 will be respectively
(A) 200 gms & 300 gms (B) (1000/3) gms & (500/3) gms
(C) (500/3) gms & (1000/3) gms (D) 250 gms & 250 gms

MECHANICAL WAVE-SHEET: 6 (Lecture – 6)

ANSWER KEY
LEVEL – I
1. 2.5 kHz, 7.5 kHz
2. (a) L = 100 cm, f1 = 750 Hz.
1 1
v1 = 2Lf1 = 2  100  750 = 150000 cms = 1500 ms
T1 T2
(b) v1  and v2 
 
v2 T2 v2 4
  or 
v1 T1 1500 9
1
 v2 = 1000 m s
2 = wavelength = 2L = 200 cm = 2 m
v 1000
f2 =   500 Hz
2 2
3. nr : n2r = 1 : 2
4. 10%
5. (A)–P,Q (B)–R,S (C)–P,S (D)–Q,R
6. C
7. A, C
7. The displacement of a particle of the string may be written as
Y = A sin kx sin t
The velocity of a particle is
dy
 A sinkx cos t
dt
2v W 2 T
where  = 2f = 
  
The total energy of the string can be calculate by first calculating the kinetic energy of a small segment ‘dx’ and integrating.
1 2
 2 dx A 2 sin2 kx cos2 t

1 2 A 2
=
2

k
  kdx  sin kx  cos
2 2
t

1 2 2
total energy   A  (in a single loop)
2
1
Average energy/length  2 A 2
2
8. A, C
9. C

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p T 1
9. We know frequency n= 2
Þ nµ
2l p r r r
i.e., graph between n and r will be hyperbola.

LEVEL - II
1. 4 m, 24 m/s, 25/18 kg, 1/9 sec
2. 10kHz, 30kHz
T1 8 L1 36
3. Given:  , 
T2 1 L2 35
D1 4 1 1
 , 
D2 1 2 2
Let 1 and 2 be the linear densities. Then
D12 D22
  1 =    1 and 2     2
4 4
2 2
1  D1  1  4  1 8
      
 2  D2  2  1  2 1
f1 L2 T  35 8 1 35
and   1 2   
f2 L1 T2 1 36 1 8 36
Therefore, f2 > f1.
We have f2 = 360  f1 = 350
Beats = f2  f1 = 10 per second.

4. The distance between two nodes is equal to /2. The whole wire vibrates with the frequency of the tuning fork. But as
the velocity of the wave in each part of the wire is T /  and the mass per unit length in both the wires are different,
the velocities of the wave in the two parts of the string are different. Thus, the wavelengths are different in both parts
of the string.
Let there be p1 loops in the aluminium part of the wire and p2 loops in the steel part of the wire, the joint being a node.
In such a case, the allowed frequency of the aluminium part of the wire is
p1 T
f …(1)
2l1  Al
and for steel,
p2 T
f …(2)
2l2 St
2 2 3
Now, l1 = 60.0 cm, area of cross section = 1.00  10 cm , density of aluminium = 2.6 gm/cm
2
Al = (2.6)(1  10 ) = 0.026 g/cm
2
St = (7.8)(1  10 ) = 0.078 g/cm.
Equating (1) and (2), we get
p1 T p2 T l1 l2

2  60 0.026 2  86.6 0.078
p1 60 0.026 2
  
p2 86.6 0.078 5
 The lowest frequency of excitation causes p1 = 2, p2 = 5.
 The total number of loops = 5 + 2 = 7
2 981104
and the frequency =  323.74 Hz
2  60 0.026
The wire looks like as shown in the above figure.
5. 2 6. 4 : 2 : 1 7. A 8 A;B
9 C 10 A 11 A;B;D 12 A; D
13 C
14. A
15. A

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