Spanish PDF Ca1 Merged
Spanish PDF Ca1 Merged
Spanish PDF Ca1 Merged
Spanish Greetings
Hola
Buenos Días
Good
Morning!
Buenas Tardes
Good
evening/Good
Afternoon!
Buenas Noches
Goodnight!
¿Cómo estás? ??
How are
you?
¿Qué tal?
How’s it
going?
??
¿Qué pasa?
wHat’s up?
Estoy bien.
I am well.
Estoy mal.
I am bad.
Estoy así-así.
I am so-so.
¿Y tú?
And you?
¿Cómo te llamas
tú?
wHat’s your
name?
My name is…
Yo Me llamo
Sukrit.
¿De dónde eres tú? ??
Where are
you from?
Yo soy de…
i am from ….
Mucho gusto.
Nice to meet
you.
El gusto es mío.
The
pleasure is
mine.
Encantado/a.
Delighted to
meet you.
Igual(mente) =
Likewise.
Hasta luego.
See you
later.
Hasta mañana.
See you
tomorrow.
Adiós.
Good-bye.
Wait!
One more
thing!
To show respect in Spanish you
should speak formally.
What is your
name?
How are
you?
El Fin
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
A subject pronoun replaces a noun that performs the action of the verb. Spanish subject pronouns
are not as widely used as their English counterparts (except for Ud. and Uds.) because Spanish
verb endings indicate the subject. You use Spanish subject pronouns when you want to be polite,
to emphasize the subject, or to be clear as to whom the subject is. Like English subject pronouns,
a Spanish subject pronoun has a person and a number, as shown in the following table:
Singular Plural
Spanish English Spanish English
1st Person yo I nosotros (nosotras) we
2nd Person tú you vosotros (vosotras) you
3rd Person usted (Ud.) you ustedes (Uds.) you
Él he ellos they
ella she ellas they
Spanish subject pronouns are not capitalized (except for the Ud. and Uds. abbreviations)
unless they begin a sentence.
It is important to know the following about Spanish subject pronouns:
tú and Ud.: Tú addresses one friend, relative, child, or pet and is the informal singular
form of “you.” Ud. shows respect to an older person, to a stranger, or to someone you do
not know well. Ud. is the formal singular form of “you”:
vosotros (vosotras) and Uds.: Vosotros and vosotras are used primarily in Spain (and
only rarely in Latin America) to address more than one friend, relative, child, or pet and
are the informal plural forms of “you.” Vosotros is used when speaking to a group of
males or to a combined group of males and females. Vosotras is used only when speaking
to a group of females. Uds. is used throughout the Spanish-speaking world to show
respect to more than one older person or when speaking to strangers or people you do not
know well. Uds. is the formal plural form of “you” and replaces vosotros (vosotras) in
Latin America. Note, however, that the vosotros form is widely used in Argentina:
Él and ella: Él (“he,” “it”) and ella (“she,” “it”) may refer to a person or to a thing:
Juan y Luís hablan. Ellos hablan. Juan and Luís speak. They speak.
Ana y Luz hablan. Ellas hablan. Ann and Luz speak. They speak.
Juan y Luz hablan. Ellos hablan. Juan and Luz speak. They speak.
Nosotros and nosotras: Nosotros refers to more than one male or a combined group of
males and females, regardless of the number of each sex present. Nosotras refers only to
a group of females:
A= (father)
E= (day)
I= (feet)
O= (go)
U= (fool)
REPITE, POR FAVOR
A,E,I,O,U
(Aa, e, ee, o, oo)
Letters: Sound
A: aa
B: be
C: ce
CH: che
D: de
E: e
F: efe
G: ge
H: hache
I: i
J: jota
K: ka
L: ele
LL: elle
M: eme
N: ene
Ñ: eñe
O: o
P: pe
Q: cu
R: ere
RR: Doble ere
S: ese
T: te
U: u
V: ve
W: doble u / doble v
X: equis
Y: i griega
Z: zeta
Consonants
D – Universidad
T- telefono
La letra H (Hache)
H is always silent !
Pronounce:
Hamaca (hammock)
Helado (ice cream)
Hilo (thread)
Hormiga (ant)
Humanidad (humanity)
La Letra J (Jota)
J sounds kha.
Pronounce:
Jalea (jelly)
Jefe (chief, leader)
Jirafa (giraffe)
Joven (young person)
Jugo (juice)
Junio (June)
La letra LL (elle)
Pronounce:
calle (street)
bella (beautiful)
silla (chair)
olla (pan)
Ella (she)
La letra ñ (eñe)
Pronounce:
pestañas (eyelashes)
montaña (mountain)
baño (bathroom)
años (years)
La letra R (ere)
Pronounce:
sendero (path)
jarabe (syrup)
barato (cheap)
La Letra RR (erre)
Pronounce:
carro (car)
perro (dog)
ferrocarril (railroad)
La Letra Z (Zeta)
Pronounce:
Zapato (shoe)
Bostezo (yawn)
Pizarra (chalkboard)
Zanahoria (carrot)
Special Letter: C (ce)
Gaviota (seagull)
Gallo (rooster)
General (general)
Gimnasio (gymnasium)
Gigante (giant)
Guapo
Gota-
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a
noun.
Ex- Bob is swimming. He is swimming.
Singular Plural
1st person I We
You (all)=
2nd person You= Tú
Vosotros
Singular Plural
Nosotros/as + Ser
Vosotros/as
Ellos
Ellas
Ustedes
“Yo” means “I” and is
used in the same way
as in English.
◦ Yo soy chico/a
◦ Yo soy americano/a
(American)
◦ Yo soy indio/ india
◦ Yo soy estudiante
(student).
◦ Yo soy alto (tall)
◦ Yo soy listo (smart)
◦ Yo soy Amit
Tú means you
(familiar/ informal)
Tú eres indio/india
Tú eres inteligente.
Tú eres estudiante.
Tú eres Jageshwar.
Él = he
It is used when talking ABOUT a boy/man.
used in the same way as its English counterpart:
◦ Jorge es mexicano. Él es de Guadalajara.
◦ Él es chico.
DON’T forget the accent mark. If you do, you are
actually writing the Spanish word for “the”
◦ él = he el = the
Ella = she. Remember ll= y sound.
It is used when talking ABOUT a girl/woman.
used in the same way as its English
counterpart:
◦ Rosa es mexicana.
◦ Ella es de Acapulco.
◦ Ella es baja.
◦ Ella es gorda
◦ Ella es chica
Usted means you (formal)
Used when talking to someone you should respect.
Abbreviated - Capital U lower case d period. (Ud.)
Considered a 3rd person singular pronoun for verb
conjugation, but it is a 2nd person pronoun.
Usted es colombiana.
Usted es María.
Use nosotros/nosotras to
talk about a group of people
that includes you.
In Spanish, we distinguish
between “we” masculine and
feminine:
Nosotros somos guapos
Sangeet y yo somos chicos.
Maria y yo somos guapas
(Abhishek y yo= nosotros)
Yo y Abhishek
Y= and
Vosotros/vosotras are the plural forms of tú.
Vosotros is used when talking to a familiar
group of males or a mixed group.
Vosotras is used when talking to a familiar
group of females.
Vosotros sois inteligentes.
Vosotros sois chicos.
Vosotras sois chicas.
Vosotras sois mexicanas.
(Atul y tú= Vosotros) sois indios.
Ellos = They (masculine)
Remember ll= y sound.
It is used when talking
ABOUT a group of
boys/guys/men or a
mixed group.
Ellos son mexicanos.
Ellos son inteligentes.
Pablo y Juan son
colombianos.
Rahul y Ankita son
estudiantes.
Ellas = They (feminine), Remember ll= y sound.
It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only
females.
Ellas son mexicanas
Ellas son guapas
Sukriti y Michelle son altas
Considered a 3rd person plural pronoun in
verb conjugation but it is second person
plural.
Ustedes (male or female)
Ustedes son peruanos
Ustedes son Maria y José.
In English, there is only one “YOU”. It is
singular and plural, masculine and
feminine, formal and informal
In Spanish there are 5 ways to express
“you”
◦ tú
◦ usted (Ud.)
◦ vosotros
◦ vosotras
◦ ustedes (Uds.)
Yo soy Nosotros somos
Nosotras somos
Ananya y yo somos
Anurag y yo somos
Use “tú” when talking to people Use “Usted” when talking with people
with whom you are on a first to whom you should show respect.
name basis. People in authority
friends (police, teachers, bosses, etc.)
family Strangers
small children Acquaintances
people younger than you Adults
pets
In Spanish there are three ways to say “all of
you”
◦ Vosotros
◦ Vosotras
◦ Ustedes (Uds.)
Vosotros/vosotras are the plural forms of tú.
Ustedes is the plural form of usted.
Vosotros is used when talking to a familiar
group of males or a mixed group.
Vosotras is the feminine form of vosotros
and is used when the entire group is female
These two familiar forms are used primarily
in Spain.
The plural you form “ustedes (Uds.)” Is
used differently in Spain and Latin
America.
In Spain, vosotros/as is used when
talking to an informal group. Uds. is
used to address a formal group.
In Latin America, Uds. is generally used
in both formal and informal situations.
(They don’t use vosotros/as)
Yo = I Nosotros/as = we
First person singular First person plural
Not capitalized unless the first distinguish between “we” masculine
word of the sentence and feminine
Used to talk ABOUT yourself Used to talk ABOUT yourself and
friends
Tú = You (singular, informal/familiar) Vosotros/as = You (singular,
Second person Singular familiar)
Use it to talk TO a person that is a Second person Plural
friend or family member Use it to talk TO a group of friends
Third person singular or family members.
Third person plural
Él = he Ellos = They (masculine)
Don’t forget the accent It is used when talking ABOUT a group
Use it to talk ABOUT a guy. of boys/guys/men or a mixed group.
Ella = she Ellas = They (feminine)
Use it to talk ABOUT a girl. It is used when talking ABOUT a group
Watch the pronunciation. of only females.
Ud. = You (singular, formal) Uds. = You (plural)
Use it to talk TO a person that is due Use it to talk TO a group of people
respect.
1. Ella ______baja.
2. Nosotros _______estudiantes.
3. Ashley y yo _______amigas.
4. Nosotros ______americanos.
5. El libro _____rojo.(red)
6. Ella ____mi amiga.
7. Él _____policia.
8. Maria y Carmen _______inteligentes.
9. Ellos _____serios.
10.La casa ______nueva.
11.El libro ______morado. (purple)
12.Los estudiantes ________trabajadores. (hardworking)
13.Hoy _____viernes.
14.Yo ____americana.
15.Francisca ______seria.
16.Yo _____de California.
17.Roberto y tú ____vecinos (neighbors)
18.Tú_____mi amigo.
19.Tammy y yo _______medicas.
20.La mujer ______mi maestra.
21.La escuela (school) _______grande. (big)
22.Mi padre(father) _____alto.
23.Jorge y Emily _____buenos amigos.
24.Usted ______maestro.
25.El señor Smith ______policía.
26.Yo _____de Panama.
27.Ellas _____de Miami.
28.Ustedes ______de Chile.
29.Ana y Marcos _______de Costa Rica.
30.Eduardo _______de México.
31.Ella ______de España.
32.Yolanda ______de Los Angeles.
33.Ellos ______de Tijuana.
34.Mi amiga y yo _______de Nueva York.
35.Ustedes ______de Detroit.
36.La señora Ricardo _____baja.
37.Nosotras _______chicas inteligentes.
NOUNS & ARTICLES
SUSTANTIVOS Y
ARTÍCULOS
In Spanish all nouns belong to 2 gender
categories:
Masculine Feminine
(feminina)
(masculino) or ________________
_________________
-Masculine nouns USUALLY
O
end in -___
el helado
• _____________
PLURAL nouns name more than 1 of
something.
– the girls
– the students
– the apples
VOWEL (a,e,i,o,u)
If a noun ends in a _________
“S” to make it plural.
ADD _____
• chico chicos
SINGULAR
EL LA
PLURAL
LOS LAS
Al practicar
la galleta las galletas
________________
el refresco ________________
los refrescos
el estudiante ________________
los estudiantes
la estudiante ________________
las estudiantes
la pizza ________________
las pizzas
Indefinite Articles
“a” “an”
• When we want to say ____, ____,
“some” in Spanish, we use
or________
Indefinite Articles.
• Indefinite Articles also
CHANGE according to the
______________
___________
gender of the noun and
according to whether the noun is
__________
plural or __________
singular
Indefinite Articles: a/some
MASCULINE FEMININE
SINGULAR
UN UNA
PLURAL
UNOS UNAS
Al practicar
un amigo unos amigos
________________
una amiga ________________
unas amigas
un deporte ________________
unos deportes
un sombrero ________________
unos sombreros
una pizza ________________
unas pizzas
una fiesta ________________
unas fiestas
Masculine and Feminine nouns in Spanish
(Sustantivos masculinos y sustantivos
femininos)
Los Sustantivos Masculinos (Masculine Nouns)
• Words ending in –L, -O, -N, -E, -R, -S; are in general masculine.
L O N E R S
IS IE UMBRE
La crisis (crisis) La serie (series) La costumbre
La apendicitis La superficie La muchedumbre
(appendicitis) (surface) (crowd)
FEMININE OR MASCULINE
1. Generally, words ending in –TA OR –TE; refer to masculine or
feminine. Examples:
TA TE
FEMENINO MASCULINO FEMININO MASCULINO
La poeta (poet) El poeta La cantante El cantante
(singer)
La artista El artista La estudiante El estudiante
(artist) (student)
2. When by its gender, the word can be masculine or feminine,
generally they change. Examples:
Masculino Feminino
El hombre (man) La mujer (women)
El padre (father) La madre (mother)
El actor (actor) La actriz (actress)
El toro (bull) La vaca (cow)
El caballo (horse) La yegua (mare)
Q. Indicate the gender of the following nouns:
A. Ardilla, arbol (squirrle, tree)
B. Banco, barco (bank, boat)
C. Casa, campana (house, bell)
D. Dedo, diente (finger. Tooth)
E. Elefante, enano (elephant, dwarf)
F. Fuego, foca (fire, seal)
G. Gato, guante (cat, glove)
H. Hielo, hoja (ice, leaf)
I. Isla, iman (island, magnet)
J. Jabón, jugo (soap, juice)
K. Kilo, kiosco (kilogram, kiosk)
L. Lana, lupa (wool, magnifying glass)
M. Media, mamá (half, mummy)
N. Nave, nieto (ship, grandson)
Ñ. Ñoñeria, ñu (insipidness, wildebeest)
O. Ojo, oso (eye, bear)
P. Pato, piedra (duck, stone)
Q. Queso, Queja (cheese, complaint)
R. Rosa, rueda (rose, wheel)
S. Sopa, Saco (soup, bag)
T. Tetera, tomate (teapot, tomato)
U.Uva, Uña (Grape, nail)
V. Vela, viento (candle, wind)
W. Whisky, web (whiskey, website)
X. Xilofono, Xenofobia ( Xylophone, xenophobia)
Y. Yema, Yeso (Yolk, Plaster)
Z. Zapato, Zorro (Shoe, Fox)
Q. Put the correct article in the following words:
1) Agua
2) madre
3) día
4) problema
5) sistema
6) señorita
7) libro
8) noche
9) bar
10) canción
¿Cómo se dice?
(Yo) Tengo dos hermanos.
Ellos tienen una hermana.
¿Tienes (tú) un gato? ¿Tiene Ud.
un gato? ¿Tienen Uds.un gato?
¿Tiene ella un perro?
Nosotros no tenemos mucho
dinero.
Sobre tu familia
11
Adjectives in Spanish
Los adjetivos en español
Adjectives are like mirrors:
they reflect the gender and
number of the noun they
modify.
Adjective = Noun
in form
1. - O ending adjective and noun
Nouns have gender and number
in Spanish and so the adjective
must reflect the same gender and
number as its noun.
El chico simpático
or
La chica Simpática
or
Los chicos simpáticos
or
Las chicas simpáticas
Regular adjectives--those that end in o--change to the
feminine by dropping the -o and adding -a; they then
change to the plural by adding -s to either form:
Masculine: Feminine:
Adjectives that end in -z change the -z to -c and then add -es to form
the plural:
Masculine: Feminine:
Singular fácil fácil
Plural fáciles fáciles
Nationality as adjective, changes with gender and
number.
El restaurante español
La cafetería española
• Un chico italiano
• Una chica italiana- unas chicas italianas
• Un restaurante indio- Unos restautantes indios
• La chica Mexicana
• Un estudiante americano
• Un virus chino
• Un amigo ruso
If more than one adjective modifies and follows a
noun , you may connect them with the conjunction -y:
(Adj)xy =
N xy
= ( Adj)
X=masculine or feminine
xy
Adj=adjective N= noun
Y= singular or plural
(Comicial – comico/a, Blond – Rubio/a, Tall – Alto/a)
1. ______ the tall boy
2. ______ the comical girls
3. ______ the blond girl
4. ______ the tall girls
5. ______ the comical boy
6. ______ the tall girl
7. ______ the blond boys
8. ______ the comical girl
9. ______ the comical boys
10. ______ the blond boy
11. ______ the tall boys
12. ______ the blond girls
8. Yo no ___________ preocupado.
Relationships
Ellos son mis padres. = They are my parents.
Rafael es mi mejor amigo. = Rafael is my best friend.
Location
Su casa está en la avenida Juárez. = Her house is on Juarez Avenue.
El cine está cerca del centro. = The cinema is near the center of town.
my dog
your house
Her uncle
our Spanish class
Their friend
Here are the possessive
adjectives in Spanish!
Possessive adjectives show ownership or
relationships between people.
They are placed before the noun.
SPANISH POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
mi casa, mi hermano (my)
Mis casas, mis hermanos
su hermano, su hermana
sus hermanos, sus hermanas
(his, her, your- usted)
PLURAL
su hermano, su hermana
sus hermanos sus hermanas (their, your)
IN ENGLISH, THE POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES HIS,
HER, AND THEIR TELL WHETHER SOMETHING
BELONGS TO A MALE, A FEMALE, OR MORE THAN
ONE PERSON.
• Mi prima es alta.
• Todas mis primas son altas.
1. Yo Tengo un gato.
Es ___________ gato.
Es ____________ bicicleta.
Es _______________ amiga.
4. Tú tienes un perro.
Es ______________ perro.
Es ____________ cuaderno.