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Los Saludos

Spanish Greetings
Hola
Buenos Días
Good
Morning!
Buenas Tardes
Good
evening/Good
Afternoon!
Buenas Noches
Goodnight!
¿Cómo estás? ??

How are
you?
¿Qué tal?
How’s it
going?
??
¿Qué pasa?
wHat’s up?
Estoy bien.

I am well.
Estoy mal.

I am bad.
Estoy así-así.

I am so-so.
¿Y tú?

And you?
¿Cómo te llamas
tú?
wHat’s your
name?
My name is…
Yo Me llamo
Sukrit.
¿De dónde eres tú? ??

Where are
you from?
Yo soy de…
i am from ….
Mucho gusto.
Nice to meet
you.
El gusto es mío.
The
pleasure is
mine.
Encantado/a.
Delighted to
meet you.
Igual(mente) =
Likewise.
Hasta luego.
See you
later.
Hasta mañana.

See you
tomorrow.
Adiós.
Good-bye.
Wait!
One more
thing!
To show respect in Spanish you
should speak formally.

In general, speak formally with people:


•you don’t know
•older than you
•In a superior position (like your boss,
teacher or principal)
¿Cómo se llama usted?
¿Cómo está usted?

What is your
name?

How are
you?
El Fin
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
A subject pronoun replaces a noun that performs the action of the verb. Spanish subject pronouns
are not as widely used as their English counterparts (except for Ud. and Uds.) because Spanish
verb endings indicate the subject. You use Spanish subject pronouns when you want to be polite,
to emphasize the subject, or to be clear as to whom the subject is. Like English subject pronouns,
a Spanish subject pronoun has a person and a number, as shown in the following table:
Singular Plural
Spanish English Spanish English
1st Person yo I nosotros (nosotras) we
2nd Person tú you vosotros (vosotras) you
3rd Person usted (Ud.) you ustedes (Uds.) you
Él he ellos they
ella she ellas they

Spanish subject pronouns are not capitalized (except for the Ud. and Uds. abbreviations)
unless they begin a sentence.
It is important to know the following about Spanish subject pronouns:
 tú and Ud.: Tú addresses one friend, relative, child, or pet and is the informal singular
form of “you.” Ud. shows respect to an older person, to a stranger, or to someone you do
not know well. Ud. is the formal singular form of “you”:

¿Dónde trabajas tú? Where do you work?


¿Dónde trabaja Ud.? Where do you live?

 vosotros (vosotras) and Uds.: Vosotros and vosotras are used primarily in Spain (and
only rarely in Latin America) to address more than one friend, relative, child, or pet and
are the informal plural forms of “you.” Vosotros is used when speaking to a group of
males or to a combined group of males and females. Vosotras is used only when speaking
to a group of females. Uds. is used throughout the Spanish-speaking world to show
respect to more than one older person or when speaking to strangers or people you do not
know well. Uds. is the formal plural form of “you” and replaces vosotros (vosotras) in
Latin America. Note, however, that the vosotros form is widely used in Argentina:

¿Dónde trabajáis vosotros? Where do you work?


¿Dónde trabajan Uds.? Where do you work?

 Él and ella: Él (“he,” “it”) and ella (“she,” “it”) may refer to a person or to a thing:

El niño entra. The boy enters.


El frío entra. The cold enters.
Él entra. He (It) enters.
La niña es grande. The girl is big.
La falda es grande. The skirt is big.
Ella es grande. She (It) is big.
 Ellos and ellas: Ellos refers to more than one male or to a combined group of males and
females, regardless of the number of each sex present. Ellas refers only to a group of
females:

Juan y Luís hablan. Ellos hablan. Juan and Luís speak. They speak.
Ana y Luz hablan. Ellas hablan. Ann and Luz speak. They speak.
Juan y Luz hablan. Ellos hablan. Juan and Luz speak. They speak.

 Nosotros and nosotras: Nosotros refers to more than one male or a combined group of
males and females, regardless of the number of each sex present. Nosotras refers only to
a group of females:

Nosotros (Nosotras) estudiamos. We study.


Spanish Alphabet Pronunciation
Differences between English and
Spanish

 More letters in Spanish alphabet (30)


 Different pronunciations
Vowels

 A= (father)
 E= (day)
 I= (feet)
 O= (go)
 U= (fool)
REPITE, POR FAVOR

 A,E,I,O,U
 (Aa, e, ee, o, oo)
 Letters: Sound
 A: aa
 B: be
 C: ce
 CH: che
 D: de
 E: e
 F: efe
 G: ge
 H: hache
 I: i
 J: jota
 K: ka
 L: ele
 LL: elle
 M: eme
 N: ene
 Ñ: eñe
 O: o
 P: pe
 Q: cu
 R: ere
 RR: Doble ere
 S: ese
 T: te
 U: u
 V: ve
 W: doble u / doble v
 X: equis
 Y: i griega
 Z: zeta
Consonants

 Most sound similar to English


 Some are different . . . Let’s see!

 D – Universidad
 T- telefono
La letra H (Hache)

H is always silent !

Pronounce:

 Hamaca (hammock)
 Helado (ice cream)
 Hilo (thread)
 Hormiga (ant)
 Humanidad (humanity)
La Letra J (Jota)

J sounds kha.

Pronounce:
 Jalea (jelly)
 Jefe (chief, leader)
 Jirafa (giraffe)
 Joven (young person)
 Jugo (juice)
 Junio (June)
La letra LL (elle)

In most countries, the ll makes a “y” sound.

Pronounce:
 calle (street)
 bella (beautiful)
 silla (chair)
 olla (pan)
 Ella (she)
La letra ñ (eñe)

 Makes a “ny” sound

Pronounce:
 pestañas (eyelashes)
 montaña (mountain)
 baño (bathroom)
 años (years)
La letra R (ere)

Makes a soft “R” sound


(If the letter “r” starts a word, roll it!)

Pronounce:

 sendero (path)
 jarabe (syrup)
 barato (cheap)
La Letra RR (erre)

Always roll the “rr”

Pronounce:

 carro (car)
 perro (dog)
 ferrocarril (railroad)
La Letra Z (Zeta)

 In most spanish countries, the “Z” sounds like the


English “S”

 Pronounce:

 Zapato (shoe)
 Bostezo (yawn)
 Pizarra (chalkboard)
 Zanahoria (carrot)
Special Letter: C (ce)

 Sounds like “s” if followed by e or I


like in English
 Sounds like “k” if followed by a, o and u like in
English
 Casa (house)
 Caracol (seashell)
 Cuatro (four)
 Celoso (jealous)
 Ciencias (science)
 Cicatriz (scar)
Special Letter: G (ge)

 Sounds like “kh” if followed by e or i


 Sounds like “g in girl” if followed by any other letter

 Gaviota (seagull)
 Gallo (rooster)
 General (general)
 Gimnasio (gymnasium)
 Gigante (giant)
 Guapo
 Gota-
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a
noun.
Ex- Bob is swimming. He is swimming.
Singular Plural

1st person I We

2nd person You You (all)

3rd person He, She, It They


Singular Plural

1st person I = Yo We= Nosotros

You (all)=
2nd person You= Tú
Vosotros

He, She, It= Él/


3rd person They=Ellos/ Ellas
Ella
 Spanish subject pronouns are similar to
English, but there are some differences.

Singular Plural

1st We = nosotros (m)


I = Yo
person Nosotras (f)

2nd You (familiar) = vosotros


You (familiar) = tú
person vosotras

He = él They (masculine) = Ellos


3rd
She = ella They (femenine) = Ellas
person
You (formal) = Usted You all (formal) = Ustedes
 Chico/Chica- boy/ girl
 Chicos/ chicas- boys/ girls
 Estudiante (s)- student ((aeiou) +s )
 Inteligente- Intelligent
 Alto/Alta- tall
 Bajo/Baja- Short
 Guapo/Guapa- handsome/ beautiful
 Listo/lista- smart
 Aburrido/aburrida- boring
 Yo
 Tú
 Él
 Ella
 Usted

 Nosotros/as + Ser
 Vosotros/as
 Ellos
 Ellas
 Ustedes
 “Yo” means “I” and is
used in the same way
as in English.
◦ Yo soy chico/a
◦ Yo soy americano/a
(American)
◦ Yo soy indio/ india
◦ Yo soy estudiante
(student).
◦ Yo soy alto (tall)
◦ Yo soy listo (smart)
◦ Yo soy Amit
 Tú means you
(familiar/ informal)
 Tú eres indio/india
 Tú eres inteligente.
 Tú eres estudiante.
 Tú eres Jageshwar.
 Él = he
 It is used when talking ABOUT a boy/man.
 used in the same way as its English counterpart:
◦ Jorge es mexicano. Él es de Guadalajara.
◦ Él es chico.
 DON’T forget the accent mark. If you do, you are
actually writing the Spanish word for “the”
◦ él = he el = the
 Ella = she. Remember ll= y sound.
 It is used when talking ABOUT a girl/woman.
 used in the same way as its English
counterpart:
◦ Rosa es mexicana.
◦ Ella es de Acapulco.
◦ Ella es baja.
◦ Ella es gorda
◦ Ella es chica
 Usted means you (formal)
 Used when talking to someone you should respect.
 Abbreviated - Capital U lower case d period. (Ud.)
 Considered a 3rd person singular pronoun for verb
conjugation, but it is a 2nd person pronoun.
 Usted es colombiana.
 Usted es María.
 Use nosotros/nosotras to
talk about a group of people
that includes you.
 In Spanish, we distinguish
between “we” masculine and
feminine:
Nosotros somos guapos
Sangeet y yo somos chicos.
Maria y yo somos guapas
 (Abhishek y yo= nosotros)
Yo y Abhishek

Y= and
 Vosotros/vosotras are the plural forms of tú.
 Vosotros is used when talking to a familiar
group of males or a mixed group.
 Vosotras is used when talking to a familiar
group of females.
 Vosotros sois inteligentes.
 Vosotros sois chicos.
 Vosotras sois chicas.
 Vosotras sois mexicanas.
 (Atul y tú= Vosotros) sois indios.
 Ellos = They (masculine)
Remember ll= y sound.
 It is used when talking
ABOUT a group of
boys/guys/men or a
mixed group.
 Ellos son mexicanos.
 Ellos son inteligentes.
 Pablo y Juan son
colombianos.
 Rahul y Ankita son
estudiantes.
 Ellas = They (feminine), Remember ll= y sound.
 It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only
females.
 Ellas son mexicanas
 Ellas son guapas
 Sukriti y Michelle son altas
 Considered a 3rd person plural pronoun in
verb conjugation but it is second person
plural.
 Ustedes (male or female)
 Ustedes son peruanos
 Ustedes son Maria y José.
 In English, there is only one “YOU”. It is
singular and plural, masculine and
feminine, formal and informal
 In Spanish there are 5 ways to express
“you”
◦ tú
◦ usted (Ud.)
◦ vosotros
◦ vosotras
◦ ustedes (Uds.)
Yo soy Nosotros somos
Nosotras somos

Ananya y yo somos
Anurag y yo somos

Tú eres Vosotros sois


Vosotras Sois
Ananya y tú sois
Anurag y tú sois
Ellos son
Él es Ananya y Anurag son
Ellas son
Ella es Ananya y Sukriti son
Ustedes son
Usted es
Anything (plural) in third person
Anything (singular) in third
person Mis padres son
Mi familia es
 Let’s look at the singular forms first. Each
one has a specific time when it used. If you
use the wrong one, it can be offensive to the
person with whom you are speaking.
Tú = you (informal/familiar) Usted (Ud.) = you (formal)

Use “tú” when talking to people Use “Usted” when talking with people
with whom you are on a first to whom you should show respect.
name basis. People in authority
friends (police, teachers, bosses, etc.)
family Strangers
small children Acquaintances
people younger than you Adults
pets
 In Spanish there are three ways to say “all of
you”
◦ Vosotros
◦ Vosotras
◦ Ustedes (Uds.)
 Vosotros/vosotras are the plural forms of tú.
Ustedes is the plural form of usted.
 Vosotros is used when talking to a familiar
group of males or a mixed group.
 Vosotras is the feminine form of vosotros
and is used when the entire group is female
 These two familiar forms are used primarily
in Spain.
 The plural you form “ustedes (Uds.)” Is
used differently in Spain and Latin
America.
 In Spain, vosotros/as is used when
talking to an informal group. Uds. is
used to address a formal group.
 In Latin America, Uds. is generally used
in both formal and informal situations.
(They don’t use vosotros/as)
Yo = I Nosotros/as = we
First person singular First person plural
Not capitalized unless the first distinguish between “we” masculine
word of the sentence and feminine
Used to talk ABOUT yourself Used to talk ABOUT yourself and
friends
Tú = You (singular, informal/familiar) Vosotros/as = You (singular,
Second person Singular familiar)
Use it to talk TO a person that is a Second person Plural
friend or family member Use it to talk TO a group of friends
Third person singular or family members.
Third person plural
Él = he Ellos = They (masculine)
Don’t forget the accent It is used when talking ABOUT a group
Use it to talk ABOUT a guy. of boys/guys/men or a mixed group.
Ella = she Ellas = They (feminine)
Use it to talk ABOUT a girl. It is used when talking ABOUT a group
Watch the pronunciation. of only females.
Ud. = You (singular, formal) Uds. = You (plural)
Use it to talk TO a person that is due Use it to talk TO a group of people
respect.
1. Ella ______baja.
2. Nosotros _______estudiantes.
3. Ashley y yo _______amigas.
4. Nosotros ______americanos.
5. El libro _____rojo.(red)
6. Ella ____mi amiga.
7. Él _____policia.
8. Maria y Carmen _______inteligentes.
9. Ellos _____serios.
10.La casa ______nueva.
11.El libro ______morado. (purple)
12.Los estudiantes ________trabajadores. (hardworking)
13.Hoy _____viernes.
14.Yo ____americana.
15.Francisca ______seria.
16.Yo _____de California.
17.Roberto y tú ____vecinos (neighbors)
18.Tú_____mi amigo.
19.Tammy y yo _______medicas.
20.La mujer ______mi maestra.
21.La escuela (school) _______grande. (big)
22.Mi padre(father) _____alto.
23.Jorge y Emily _____buenos amigos.
24.Usted ______maestro.
25.El señor Smith ______policía.
26.Yo _____de Panama.
27.Ellas _____de Miami.
28.Ustedes ______de Chile.
29.Ana y Marcos _______de Costa Rica.
30.Eduardo _______de México.
31.Ella ______de España.
32.Yolanda ______de Los Angeles.
33.Ellos ______de Tijuana.
34.Mi amiga y yo _______de Nueva York.
35.Ustedes ______de Detroit.
36.La señora Ricardo _____baja.
37.Nosotras _______chicas inteligentes.
NOUNS & ARTICLES
SUSTANTIVOS Y
ARTÍCULOS
In Spanish all nouns belong to 2 gender
categories:

Masculine Feminine
(feminina)
(masculino) or ________________
_________________
-Masculine nouns USUALLY
O
end in -___
el helado

- Feminine nouns USUALLY


end in -___.
A
la fruta
SINGULAR nouns name 1 of something.
• ____________
– the girl
– the student
– the apple

• _____________
PLURAL nouns name more than 1 of
something.
– the girls
– the students
– the apples
VOWEL (a,e,i,o,u)
If a noun ends in a _________
“S” to make it plural.
ADD _____
• chico  chicos

If a singular noun ends in a


CONSONANT “ES” to
_______________ (r,l,n..)  ADD _____
make it plural.
• trabajador  trabajadores
Al practicar
chico  chicos
________________
chica ________________
chicas
fruta  ________________
frutas
helado  ________________
helados
persona  ________________
personas
mu jer  ________________
mujeres
hombre ________________
hombres
Definite Articles
“the” in
• When we want to say _______
Spanish, we use Definite Articles.
• Definite Articles ______________
CHANGE
according to the ___________
gender of
the noun and according to
singular or
whether the noun is __________
__________
plural
Definite Articles: the
MASCULINE FEMININE

SINGULAR
EL LA

PLURAL
LOS LAS
Al practicar
la galleta las galletas
________________
el refresco  ________________
los refrescos
el estudiante ________________
los estudiantes
la estudiante ________________
las estudiantes
la pizza ________________
las pizzas
Indefinite Articles
“a” “an”
• When we want to say ____, ____,
“some” in Spanish, we use
or________
Indefinite Articles.
• Indefinite Articles also
CHANGE according to the
______________
___________
gender of the noun and
according to whether the noun is
__________
plural or __________
singular
Indefinite Articles: a/some

MASCULINE FEMININE
SINGULAR
UN UNA

PLURAL
UNOS UNAS
Al practicar
un amigo unos amigos
________________
una amiga  ________________
unas amigas
un deporte  ________________
unos deportes
un sombrero  ________________
unos sombreros
una pizza ________________
unas pizzas
una fiesta  ________________
unas fiestas
Masculine and Feminine nouns in Spanish
(Sustantivos masculinos y sustantivos
femininos)
Los Sustantivos Masculinos (Masculine Nouns)
• Words ending in –L, -O, -N, -E, -R, -S; are in general masculine.
L O N E R S

El papel El juego El pan El café El amor El lunes


(paper) (game) (bread) (coffee) (love) (Monday)
El árbol El grupo El El tomate El sur El viernes
(tree) (group) examen (tomato) (south) (Friday)
(exam)
Exceptions
1. A group of exceptions in masculine words are those that ends in:
-MA, -PA, - TA. (Examples)
MA PA TA

El clima (climate) El mapa (map) El cometa (comet)


El problema El arpa (harp) El planeta (planet)
(problem)
El tema, el sistema
2. Other exceptions of loner are:
• La noche (night)
• La piel (skin)
• La gente (people)
• La clase (class)
• La imagen (image)
• La nieve (snow)
• La mano (hand)
• La foto (photo)
• La cárcel (Jail)
• La parte (part)
• La leche (milk)
• La calle (street)
Feminine Nouns (Los Sustantivos Femininos)
1. Words ending in –A, -D, -IÓN, -Z; are feminine. Examples:
A D IÓN Z
La comida La universidad La televisión La voz (voice)
(food) (university) (television)
La montaña La libertad La acción La nariz (nose)
(mountain) (freedom) (action)

Some exceptions are:


• El día (day)
• El lapiz (pencil)
• El agua (water), el arena –
• El sofá (sofa)
• El camion (truck)
• El corazón (heart)
2. Words ending in –IS, -IE, -UMBRE; are feminine.
Examples:

IS IE UMBRE
La crisis (crisis) La serie (series) La costumbre
La apendicitis La superficie La muchedumbre
(appendicitis) (surface) (crowd)
FEMININE OR MASCULINE
1. Generally, words ending in –TA OR –TE; refer to masculine or
feminine. Examples:
TA TE
FEMENINO MASCULINO FEMININO MASCULINO
La poeta (poet) El poeta La cantante El cantante
(singer)
La artista El artista La estudiante El estudiante
(artist) (student)
2. When by its gender, the word can be masculine or feminine,
generally they change. Examples:
Masculino Feminino
El hombre (man) La mujer (women)
El padre (father) La madre (mother)
El actor (actor) La actriz (actress)
El toro (bull) La vaca (cow)
El caballo (horse) La yegua (mare)
Q. Indicate the gender of the following nouns:
A. Ardilla, arbol (squirrle, tree)
B. Banco, barco (bank, boat)
C. Casa, campana (house, bell)
D. Dedo, diente (finger. Tooth)
E. Elefante, enano (elephant, dwarf)
F. Fuego, foca (fire, seal)
G. Gato, guante (cat, glove)
H. Hielo, hoja (ice, leaf)
I. Isla, iman (island, magnet)
J. Jabón, jugo (soap, juice)
K. Kilo, kiosco (kilogram, kiosk)
L. Lana, lupa (wool, magnifying glass)
M. Media, mamá (half, mummy)
N. Nave, nieto (ship, grandson)
Ñ. Ñoñeria, ñu (insipidness, wildebeest)
O. Ojo, oso (eye, bear)
P. Pato, piedra (duck, stone)
Q. Queso, Queja (cheese, complaint)
R. Rosa, rueda (rose, wheel)
S. Sopa, Saco (soup, bag)
T. Tetera, tomate (teapot, tomato)
U.Uva, Uña (Grape, nail)
V. Vela, viento (candle, wind)
W. Whisky, web (whiskey, website)
X. Xilofono, Xenofobia ( Xylophone, xenophobia)
Y. Yema, Yeso (Yolk, Plaster)
Z. Zapato, Zorro (Shoe, Fox)
Q. Put the correct article in the following words:
1) Agua
2) madre
3) día
4) problema
5) sistema
6) señorita
7) libro
8) noche
9) bar
10) canción
¿Cómo se dice?
(Yo) Tengo dos hermanos.
Ellos tienen una hermana.
¿Tienes (tú) un gato? ¿Tiene Ud.
un gato? ¿Tienen Uds.un gato?
¿Tiene ella un perro?
Nosotros no tenemos mucho
dinero.
Sobre tu familia

¿Tiene tu familia una casa o un


apartamento?
¿Cuántas personas hay en tu
familia?
Completa

Ella ____(tener) mucho dinero.


¿______(tener) tú una mascota?
Mi familia ____(tener) un perro.
Los Pérez _____(tener) un gato.
Ana y yo ___(tener) unos CD’s.
Yo ___(tener) diecisiete años.
Uds. ____(tener) una familia grande.
Habla sobre ti
¿Cuántos años tienes (tú)?
¿Tienes una familia grande?
¿Cuántos hermanos tienes?
¿Tienes un gato?
¿Tienes un perro?
¿Tienes muchos amigos?
¿Tienes un carro?
Ella tiene hambre.
Tengo miedo de
______________
Mi hermana menor tiene miedo de los payasos.
El perro tiene frío.
Tengo calor.
Ellos tienen prisa.
Tu tienes sed.
Él no tiene ganas de hacer la tarea.
Él tiene mucho sueño.
MUCHO, MUCHA

• TIENE MUCHA HAMBRE.

• TENGO MUCHO CALOR.


tener idioms
¿Tiene hambre o tiene prisa?
Creo que ella tiene hambre.
¿Tiene hambre o tiene sed?
¿Tiene suerte o tiene calor?
¿Tiene suerte o tiene sueño?
Tiene sueño
¿Tiene miedo o tiene suerte?
¿Tiene prisa o tiene calor?
¿Tiene hambre o tiene sed?
¿Tiene sueño o tiene suerte?
¿Tiene sueño o tiene prisa?
¿Tiene calor o tiene frío?
¿Tiene sueño o tiene miedo?
¿Tiene frío o no?
¿Tiene razón o no?

11
Adjectives in Spanish
Los adjetivos en español
Adjectives are like mirrors:
they reflect the gender and
number of the noun they
modify.
Adjective = Noun
in form
1. - O ending adjective and noun
Nouns have gender and number
in Spanish and so the adjective
must reflect the same gender and
number as its noun.
El chico simpático
or
La chica Simpática
or
Los chicos simpáticos
or
Las chicas simpáticas
Regular adjectives--those that end in o--change to the
feminine by dropping the -o and adding -a; they then
change to the plural by adding -s to either form:

Masculine: Feminine:

Singular: alto alt a


Plural: altos altas
2. Adjectives that end with –or (consonant) add -a to form the
feminine.

El estudiante trabajador La estudiante trabajadora


Los estudiantes trabajadores las estudiantes trabajadoras

Adjectives that end in -z change the -z to -c and


then add -es to form the plural:
El estudiante feliz La estudiante feliz
Los estudiantes felices Las estudiantes felices
3. Some adjectives do not change with gender but they change with
number.

Ex- Fácil (easy)


Féliz (happy)

Adjectives that end in -z change the -z to -c and then add -es to form
the plural:

El estudiante feliz La estudiante feliz

Los estudiantes felices Las estudiantes felices


2. Consonant ending adjective
If the adjective ends in a consonant, the
plural form adds -es.

Masculine: Feminine:
Singular fácil fácil
Plural fáciles fáciles
Nationality as adjective, changes with gender and
number.

El chico japonés El libro alemán


La chica japonesa La revista alemana

El restaurante español
La cafetería española
• Un chico italiano
• Una chica italiana- unas chicas italianas
• Un restaurante indio- Unos restautantes indios
• La chica Mexicana
• Un estudiante americano
• Un virus chino
• Un amigo ruso
If more than one adjective modifies and follows a
noun , you may connect them with the conjunction -y:

Una muchacha/chica simpática y


interesante
Yo soy una chica inteligente,
or
interesante,
guapa y alta.
Un muchacho/chico bajo y ágil
Adjectives
• Grande- pequeño/a
• Bonito/a- feo/a
• listo/a – estúpido/a
• Mono (cute)- feo/a
• Rápido/a- lento/a
• Largo/a- Corto/corta (short for things)
• Mucho/a- poco/a
• Synonyms------
• razonable- genuine
• Estupendo/a- wonderful
• Generoso/a-
Colores
• Blanco/a – negro/a - blancos negros
• Azul-
• rojo/a-
• Amarillo/a-
• Verde-
• Naranja- Orange
Purpureo/a- purple
Violeta-
Indigo/a
Gris-
Marrón- Brown
fino/a- oscuro/a
Remember that in Spanish , whether it follows
or precedes the noun, the adjective must match the
noun in gender and number:

(Adj)xy =

N xy
= ( Adj)

X=masculine or feminine
xy

Adj=adjective N= noun
Y= singular or plural
(Comicial – comico/a, Blond – Rubio/a, Tall – Alto/a)
1. ______ the tall boy
2. ______ the comical girls
3. ______ the blond girl
4. ______ the tall girls
5. ______ the comical boy
6. ______ the tall girl
7. ______ the blond boys
8. ______ the comical girl
9. ______ the comical boys
10. ______ the blond boy
11. ______ the tall boys
12. ______ the blond girls

1. the cold ice cream (Cold – Frio, Ice Cream – Helado)


2. a short boy (Short – Bajo/a)
3. some white cars (White – Blanco/a, Car – Coche)
4. the angry professor ( Angry – Enojado/a)
5. the tall mountains (mountain – Montaña)
6. an open door ( Open – Abierto/a, Door - Puerta)
7. some new friends (New – Nuevo, Friends – Amigos/as)
8. the little girl ( Little – Pequeño/a)
9. the small class (Class – Clase)
10. A new dress (Dress – Vestido)
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of ESTAR verb.

1. Los libros _______ en la biblioteca.

2. (Yo) _______ muy cansada.

3. Sevilla __________ en el sur de España.

4. Bogotá __________ en el centro de Colombia.

5. Ella no __________ en el colegio.

6. Ellos _________ en el hospital porque _________ enfermos.

7. Vosotros ____________ en mi casa.

8. Yo no ___________ preocupado.

9. Ustedes ___________ en la ciudad.

10.Ellos ___________ en México.


Choosing Your Manner of Being: Ser or Estar?
Perhaps the most difficult part about using ser and estar correctly in a sentence is choosing
which one to use. The concept of two different types of being — unchanging essential being and
being that changes depending on various conditions — is easy enough to grasp, but when you
encounter different types of being, trying to understand them as one or the other can be quite
challenging.
This section provides some additional guidelines that can help you decide whether to use ser or
estar.
Deciding when to use ser
You already know that you use the verb ser to describe the unchanging characteristics of a
person, place, or thing, but what exactly does that mean? The following lists provide additional
details to help you identify situations in which to use ser:

Origin and Nationality


Ella es de España. = She is from Spain.
Ella es española. = She is Spanish.

The Four P’s: Personality, Physical Attributes, Profession, and Possession


Él es divertido. = He is fun.
Susana es baja. = Susana is short.
Mi padre es un médico. = My father is a doctor.
El carro azul es mío. = The blue car is mine.

Date and Time


Hoy es el seis de enero. = Today is of January 6th.
Son las nueve de la noche. = It is 9 p.m.

Relationships
Ellos son mis padres. = They are my parents.
Rafael es mi mejor amigo. = Rafael is my best friend.

Deciding when to use estar


You know to use the verb estar to describe the changing characteristics of a person, place, or
thing, but what exactly does that mean? The following list provides additional details to help you
identify situations in which to use estar:

Location
Su casa está en la avenida Juárez. = Her house is on Juarez Avenue.
El cine está cerca del centro. = The cinema is near the center of town.

Mood and Physical Condition


El profesor está enojado. = The teacher is angry.
Mi madre está emocionada. = My mother is excited.
Los estudiantes están aburridos. = The students are bored.
La señorita Martínez está enferma. = Miss Martinez is sick.
Choose the correct form of SER and ESTAR.
a) Mi coche _________nuevo pero ahora _______ en la casa.
b) Juan ____________ muy tranquilo pero ahora ________ enfermo.
c) Mis amigos ________argentinos pero hoy _________ en España.
d) Ella _________joven (Young) pero _________ cansada.
e) María ____________camarera (waiter) en un hotel que __________ detrás de la
universidad.
f) Mis hermanos __________________ en España y ellos ________ muy
emocionados.
g) Vuestro coche _________ rojo pero ahora ________ sucio (dirty).
h) Agra ________ una ciudad (city) antigua y ellos ________ aquí (there) hoy.
i) Pablo ________ un escritor famoso y ________ triste ahora.
j) Los jugadores ___________ cansados y ellos ________ en sus habitaciones.
POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVES
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
IN ENGLISH
my our

Your your (plural)

his, her their


ENGLISH EXAMPLES OF
POSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

 my dog
 your house
Her uncle
 our Spanish class
Their friend
Here are the possessive
adjectives in Spanish!
Possessive adjectives show ownership or
relationships between people.
They are placed before the noun.
SPANISH POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
mi casa, mi hermano (my)
Mis casas, mis hermanos

tu familia, tu hermano (your) (tú- you)


Tus hermanas, tus hermanos

su hermano, su hermana
sus hermanos, sus hermanas
(his, her, your- usted)
PLURAL

Nuestro hermano, Nuestra hermana (our)


Nuestros hermanos nuestras hermanas

Vuestro hermano Vuestra hermana (yours’)


Vuestros hermanos vuestras hermanas

su hermano, su hermana
sus hermanos sus hermanas (their, your)
IN ENGLISH, THE POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES HIS,
HER, AND THEIR TELL WHETHER SOMETHING
BELONGS TO A MALE, A FEMALE, OR MORE THAN
ONE PERSON.

In Spanish, the possessive adjective su has many


possible meanings (his, her, your, their). Context usually
makes the meaning clear.
Mi casa mis casas
Tu casa Tus casas
Su casa sus casas
nuestra casa nuestras casas
Vuestra casa vuestras casas
Su casa sus casas.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Some examples:
mi hermano mis hermanos
tu abuela tus abuelas
su hijo sus hijos
nuestro tío nuestros tíos
nuestra tía nuestras tías
AGREEMENT WITH POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
• The possessive adjective must be singular if the
noun is singular and plural if the noun is plural.
• While possessive adjectives refer to the owner,
their form agrees in gender and number with the
noun that comes after them.
MORE EXAMPLES OF POSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

• Mi prima es alta.
• Todas mis primas son altas.
1. Yo Tengo un gato.

Es ___________ gato.

2. Él tiene una bicicleta.

Es ____________ bicicleta.

3. Ella tiene una amiga en Nueva York.

Es _______________ amiga.

4. Tú tienes un perro.

Es ______________ perro.

5. Tú tienes unas hermanas.

Son ______________ hermanas.

6. Nosotros tenemos un cuaderno rojo.

Es ____________ cuaderno.

7. María habla (Speak) con ______________ profesora.

8. Nosotros hacemos (do) ______________ tareas.

9. Mis padres tienen cuatro hijos.

Son ______________ hijos.

10.Yo tengo lápices de colores.

Son _____________ lápices.

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