The Irregular Verbs: All The Irregular Verbs of The English Language Conjugation, Pronunciation, Translation and Examples

The Irregular Verbs
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All the irregular verbs of the English language
Conjugation, pronunciation, translation and examples
1
verb list
present past past participle meanings
* Could be conjugated as a regular verb
abide (abáid) abode (abóud) abiden (abíden) sufrir, soportar,
cumplir
arise (aráis) arose (aróus) arisen (arísen) levantarse, surgir
awake (awéik) awoke (awóuk) awoken (awóuken) despertarse,
despertar
bear (ber) bore (bor) born (born) aguantar, soportar,
parir
beat (bíit) beat (bíit) beaten (bíiten) golpear, derrotar,
batir
become (bikám) became (bikéim) become (bikám) convertirse en,
llegar a ser,
volverse, ponerse
begin (biguín) began (bigáan) begun (bigán) empezar
bend (bend) bent (bent) bent (bent) doblar, torcer,
inclinarse
bet (bet) bet (bet) bet (bet) apostar
bid (bid) bid (bid) bid (bid) ofrecer, pujar,
licitar
bind (báind) bound (báund) bound (báund) atar, unir,
encuadernar
bite (báit) bit (bit) bitten (bíten) morder, picar
bleed (blíid) bled (bled) bled (bled) sangrar
blow (blóu) blew (blú) blown (blown) soplar
break (bréik) broke (bróuk) broken (bróuken) romper
breed (bríid) bred (bred) bred (bred) criar, engendrar
bring (bring) brought (brot) brought (brot) traer
broadcast (brodkást) broadcast* (brodkást) broadcast* (brodkást) transmitir
build (bild) built (bilt) built (bilt) construir
burn (bern) burnt* (bernt) burnt* (bernt) quemar
burst (berst) burst (berst) burst (berst) explotar, reventar
buy (bái) bought (bot) bought (bot) comprar
cast (kast) cast (kast) cast (kast) lanzar, echar,
emitir
catch (kach) caught (kot) caught (kot) atrapar, asir,
tomar
choose (chúus) chose (chóus) chosen (chóusen) elegir
clap (klap) clapt* (klapt) clapt* (klapt) aplaudir
cling (kling) clung (klang) clung (klang) agarrarse,
adherirse,
aferrarse
clothe (klóud) clad* (klad) clad* (klad) vestir, revestir,
cubrir
come (kam) came (kéim) come (kam) venir
cost (kost) cost (kost) cost (kost) costar
2
creep (kríip) crept (krept) crept (krept) gatear, arrastrarse
cut (kat) cut (kat) cut (kat) cortar
deal (díil) dealt (delt) dealt (delt) tratar con,
repartir, dar
dig (dig) dug (dag) dug (dag) cavar
dive (dáiv) dove* (dóuv) dived (dáivt) zambullise,
sumergirse, bucear
do (du) did (did) done (dan) hacer
draw (dróo) drew (dru) drawn (dróon) dibujar, extraer,
sacar
dream (dríim) dreamt* (dremt) dreamt* (dremt) soñar
drink (drink) drank (draank) drunk (drank) beber
drive (dráiv) drove (dróuv) driven (dríven) conducir, ir en
coche, llevar en
coche
dwell (duél) dwelt (duélt) dwelt (duélt) habitar, morar
eat (íit) ate (éit) eaten (íiten) comer
fall (fol) fell (fel) fallen (fólen) caer, caerse
feed (fíid) fed (fed) fed (fed) alimentar/se, dar
de comer
feel (fíil) felt (felt) felt (felt) sentir/se, palpar,
tocar
fight (fáit) fought (fot) fought (fot) pelear, combatir
find (fáund) found (fáund) found (fáund) encontrar
fit (fit) fit* (fit) fit* (fit) encajar, quedar
bien, instalar
flee (flíi) fled (fled) fled (fled) huir, huir de
fling (fling) flung (flang) flung (flang) echar, arrojar
fly (flái) flew (flu) flown (flóun) volar
forbid (forbíd) forbade (forbéid) forbidden (forbíden) prohibir
forecast (forkást) forecast* (forkást) forecast* (forkást) pronosticar,
preveer
foresee (forsíi) foresaw (forsó) foreseen (forsíin) preveer
foretell (fortél) foretold (fortóuld) foretold (fortóuld) predecir
forget (forguét) forgot (forgót) forgotten (forgóten) olvidar
forgive (forguív) forgave (forguéiv) forgiven (forguíven) perdonar
forsake (forséik) forsook (forsúuk) forsaken (forséiken) abandonar,
desamparar
freeze (fríiss) froze (fróuss) frozen (fróussen) congelar
get (get) got (got) got/gotten (goten) conseguir, recibir,
ponerse, llegar
give (guív) gave (guéiv) given (guíven) dar
go (góu) went (went) gone (góon) ir
grind (gráind) ground (gráund) ground (gráund) moler
grow (gróu) grew (gru) grown (gróun) crecer, cultivar
handwrite (jand-ráit) handwrote (jand-róut) handwritten (jand-ríten) escribir a mano
hang (jáang) hung (jang) hung (jang) colgar
have (jáav) had (jáad) had (jáad) tener
hear (jíier) heard (jerd) heard (jerd) oír
3
hide (jáid) hid (jid) hidden (jíden) esconder/se
hit (jit) hit (jit) hit (jit) golpear, pegar
hold (jóuld) held (jeld) held (jeld) sostener, celebrar,
esperar
hurt (jert) hurt (jert) hurt (jert) herir, lastimar,
doler
inlay (inléi) inlaid (inléid) inlaid (inléid) incrustar
input (ínput) input* (ínput) input* (ínput) entrar, introducir
keep (kíip) kept (kept) kept (kept) mantener,
guardar,
continuar, criar
kneel (níil) knelt* (nelt) knelt* (nelt) arrodillarse, estar
de rodillas
knit (nit) knit* (nit) knit* (nit) tejer, tricotar
know (nóu) knew (niú) known (nóun) saber, conocer
lay (léi) laid (léid) laid (léid) poner, colocar
lead (líid) led (led) led (led) guiar, llevar,
conducir
lean (líin) leant* (lent) leant* (lent) apoyarse,
inclinarse
leap (líip) leapt* (lept) leapt* (lept) saltar
learn (lern) learnt* (lernt) learnt* (lernt) aprender,
enterarse
leave (líiv) left (left) left (left) irse, dejar,
marcharse
lend (lend) lent (lent) lent (lent) prestar
let (let) let (let) let (let) dejar, permitir
lie (lái) lay (léi) lain (léin) yacer, echarse,
quedar
light (láit) lit* (lit) lit* (lit) encender
lose (lúus) lost (lost) lost (lost) perder
make (méik) made (méid) made (méid) hacer
mean (míin) meant (ment) meant (ment) significar, querer
decir, tener la
intención de
meet (míit) met (met) met (met) encontrarse con,
conocer
melt (melt) melted (mélted) molten* (móulten) derretir
mislead (mislíid) misled (misléd) misled (misléd) engañar, despistar,
llevar por mal
camino
mistake (mistéik) mistook (mistúuk) mistaken (mistéiken) confundir,
interpretar mal
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood entender mal
(misanderstánd) (misanderstúud) (misanderstúud)
mow (móu) mowed (móud) mown (móun) segar, cortar
overhear (ouverjíier) overheard (ouverjérd) overheard (ouverjérd) oír por casualidad,
oír sin intención de
ello
overtake (ouvertéik) overtook (ouvertúuk) overtaken (ouvertéiken) sobrepasar
pay (péi) paid (péid) paid (péid) pagar
prove (prúuv) proved (prúuvt) proven* (prúuven) probar, resultar
4
put (put) put (put) put (put) poner
quit (kuít) quit (kuít) quit (kuít) abandonar,
rendirse, dejar
read (ríiid) read (red) read (red) leer
rid (rid) rid* (rid) rid* (rid) librar,
desembarazar
ride (ráid) rode (róud) ridden (ríden) andar en, pasear
en, montar
ring (ring) rang (raang) rung (rang) sonar, llamar por
teléfono
rise (ráis) rose (róus) risen (rísen) levantarse, subir
run (ran) ran (raan) run (ran) correr
saw (so) sawed (sod) sawn* (sóon) serrar, serruchar
say (séi) said (sed) said (sed) decir
see (síi) saw (so) seen (síin) ver
seek (síik) sought (sot) sought (sot) buscar
sell (sel) sold (sóuld) sold (sóuld) vender
send (send) sent (sent) sent (sent) enviar
set (set) set (set) set (set) poner, ambientar
sew (sóu) sewed (sóud) sewn* (sóun) coser
shake (shéik) shook (shúuk) shaken (shéiken) sacudir, agitar,
hacer temblar
shave (shéiv) shaved (shéivt) shaven* (shéiven) afeitarse, rasurar
shear (shíir) shore* (shor) shorn* (shorn) esquilar, cortar
shed (shed) shed (shed) shed (shed) derramar, mudar,
echar
shine (sháin) shone (shóun) shone (shóun) brillar, lustrar
shoot (shúut) shot (shot) shot (shot) disparar, matar a
tiros
show (shóu) showed (shóud) shown (shóun) mostrar, exhibir
shrink (shrink) shrank (shraank) shrunk (shrank) encoger/se,
reducir/se
shut (shat) shut (shat) shut (shat) cerrar
sing (sing) sang (saang) sung (sang) cantar
sink (sink) sank (saank) sunk (sank) hundir/se
sit (sit) sat (sat) sat (sat) sentar/se
slay (sléi) slew (slúu) slain (sléin) matar
sleep (slíip) slept (slept) slept (slept) dormir
slide (sláid) slid (slid) slid (slíden) deslizar/se,
resbalarse
sling (sling) slung (slang) slung (slang) tirar, arrojar
slink (slink) slunk (slank) slunk (slank) moverse
sigilosamente,
escabullirse
slit (slit) slit (slit) slit (slit) rajar, cortar
smell (smel) smelt* (smelt) smelt* (smelt) oler
sneak (sníik) snuck* (snak) snuck* (snak) entrar/salir/poner
a hurtadillas
sow (sóu) sowed (sóud) sown (sóun) sembrar
speak (spíik) spoke (spóuk) spoken (spóuken) hablar
5
speed (spíid) sped* (sped) sped* (sped) acelerar, ir a toda
velocidad
spell (spél) spelt* (spélt) spelt* (spélt) deletrear
spend (spend) spent (spent) spent (spent) gastar, pasar
spill (spil) spilt* (spilt) spilt* (spilt) derramar, volcar
spin (spin) spun (span) spun (span) girar, dar vueltas,
hilar, tejer
spit (spit) spat (spat) spat (spat) escupir
split (split) split (split) splite (split) partir, rajar,
dividir
spoil (spóil) spoilt* (spóilt) spoilt* (spóilt) estropear, echar a
perder, arruinar
spread (spred) spread (spred) spread (spred) extender,
desplegar, esparcir
spring (spring) sprang (spraang) sprung (sprang) saltar
stand (stáand) stood (stúud) stood (stúud) estar de pie,
pararse, soportar
steal (stíil) stole (stóul) stolen (stóulen) robar
stick (stik) stuck (stak) stuck (stak) pegar, clavar,
atascarse, asomar
sting (sting) stung (stang) stung (stang) picar, arder
stink (stink) stank (stáank) stunk (stank) apestar, oler mal
stride (stráid) strode* (stróud) stridden (stríden) andar con pasos
largos
strike (stráik) struck (strak) struck/stricken (stríken) golpear, dar (la
hora)
string (string) strung (strang) strung (strang) encordar,
ensartar, atar
strive (stráiv) strove (stróuv) striven (stríven) luchar, esforzarse
swear (suéer) swore (suóor) sworn (suóorn) jurar, decir
palabrotas,
malcedir
sweat (suét) sweat* (suét) sweat* (suét) sudar
sweep (suíip) swept* (suépt) swept* (suépt) barrer, azotar
swell (suél) swelled (suéld) swollen (suólen) hincharse, crecer,
aumentar
swim (suím) swam (suáam) swum (suám) nadar
swing (suíng) swung (suáng) swung (suáng) balancear, mecer,
colgar
take (téik) took (túuk) taken (téiken) tomar, llevar
teach (tíich) taught (tot) taught (tot) enseñar
tear (téer) tore (tóor) torn (tóorn) desgarrar, romper,
arrancar
tell (tel) told (tóuld) told (tóuld) decir, contar
think (zink) thought (zot) thought (zot) pensar
thrive (zráiv) throve* (zróuv) thriven* (zríven) prosperar, crecer
mucho,
desarrollarse
throw (zróu) threw (zrú) thrown (zróun) tirar, arrojar
thrust (zrast) thrust (zrast) thrust (zrast) empujar con
fuerza, clavar
tread (tred) trod (trod) trodden (tróden) pisar, andar
6
undergo (andergóu) underwent (anderwént) undergone (anderwént) sufrir, ser
sometido a, recibir
understand (anderstáand) understood (anderstúud) understood (anderstúud) entender
undertake (andertéik) undertook (andertúuk) undertaken (andertéiken) emprender,
acometer
upset (apsét) upset (apsét) upset (apsét) enfadar, trastornar
wake (uéik) woke (uóuk) woken (uóuken) despertar
wear (uéer) wore (uóor) worn (uórn) usar, vestir, gastar
weave (uíiv) wove (uóuv) woven (uóuven) tejer
wed (uéd) wed* (uéd) wed* (uéd) casarse, contraer
matrimonio
weep (uíip) wept (uépt) wept (uépt) llorar
wet (uét) wet* (uét) wet* (uét) mojar
win (wín) won (wán) won (wán) ganar
wind (wáind) wound (wáund) wound (wáund) dar cuerda,
serpentear,
envolver, enrollar
withdraw (widróo) withdrew (widrú) withdrawn (widróon) retirar, sacar
withhold (widjóuld) withheld (widjéld) withheld (widjéld) retener, ocultar,
no revelar
withstand (widstáand) withstood (widstúud) withstood (widstúud) resistir, aguantar,
oponerse
wring (ring) wrung (rang) wrung (rang) torcer, retorcer,
estrujar, escurrir
write (ráit) wrote (róut) written (ríten) escribir
verb examples
present past past participle
abide (abáid) abode (abóud) abiden (abíden)
I cannot abide her constant unpunctuality.
The employees must abide by the rules of the company.
Bill always abides by his promises.
7

arise (aráis) arose (aróus) arisen (arísen)

Problems always arise during such protests for human rights.
Disputes arose over who would be the first to speak.
Many questions have arisen recently over the origin of life.

awake (awéik) awoke (awóuk) awoken (awóuken)

Mary will awake in an hour because she has to go to work.
I awoke in the middle of the night when I heard that noise.
The patient has awoken from a two-week coma.

bear (ber) bore (bor) born (born)

I cannot bear her bad manners anymore.
The child bore the pain without complaint while the doctor cured the
injuries on his arm.
The actor was born in a small village in Argentina.

beat (bíit) beat (bíit) beaten (bíiten)
My neighbor beats his wife every night. He should be arrested.
Do you think you can beat Jack at chess?
My team has been beaten four times already.
become (bikám) became (bikéim) become (bikám)

My son wants to become a doctor when he grows up.
Bill won the lottery and became rich overnight.
Obesity has become a problem in the United States.

withdraw (widróo) withdrew (widrú) withdrawn

(widróon)
Richard withdrew $200 from the ATM.
The general ordered his troops to withdraw from the
battlefield.
The participant who cheated was withdrawn from the
contest.

withhold (widjóuld) withheld (widjéld) withheld

(widjéld)
She couldn’t continue her trip because her passport had been
8
withheld.
The witness withheld crucial information from the police.
I will withhold your fees until the work is finished.
withstand (widstáand) withstood (widstúud) withstood

(widstúud)
These pillars will withstand the heavy roof.
She withstood the temptation to go to the party.
This paint withstands high temperatures.

wring (ring) wrung (rang) wrung

(rang)
The maid washed the shirt and wrung it carefully.
You looked so mad that I thought you were going to wring his neck.
The man was wringing his hands while plotting his revenge.

write (ráit) wrote (róut) written

(ríten)
William Shakespeare wrote plays and sonnets.
My sister hasn’t written a letter to granny in ages.
Children usually learn to read and write at the age of six.
begin (biguín) began (bigáan) begun (bigán)
The alphabet begins with the letter “a”.
It began to rain just as we were going out.
They had begun to work when the bell rang.

bend (bend) bent (bent) bent (bent)

The river bends beyond that tree.
The doctor bent over to examine the patient.
Be careful! You have bent my glasses.

bet (bet) bet (bet) bet (bet)
It is possible to bet on almost anything nowadays.
Mary bet a lot of money on that horse that came in last.
John has bet ten dollars that he can beat me in a tennis match.

9
bid (bid) bid (bid) bid (bid)

The English company will be bidding for the oil contract.
At the auction, James bid $5,000 for the painting.
Bill has bid the highest price for the book at the auction so far.
bind (báind) bound (báund) bound (báund)
You can use this ribbon to bind the package.
I’ve got Shakespeare’s Complete Works bound in leather.
A strong culture has bound the Chinese people together for many years.
bite (báit) bit (bit) bitten (bíten)
When Jack is nervous, he bites his pencil.
My neighbor’s dog bit Sally the other day.
During the picnic, we were bitten by mosquitoes.
bleed (blíid) bled (bled) bled (bled)
The boxer had a black eye and his nose was bleeding.
The injured dog bled to death on the roadside.
Bill could have bled to death if the he had not received help.
blow (blóu) blew (blú) blown (blown)
A freezing wind is blowing from the south.
Billy blew the candles of his birthday cake.
That terrible windstorm had blown all the trees down.
10
break (bréik) broke (bróuk) broken (bróuken)
Please handle this vase with care or else you’ll break it.
The kid fell off the tree and broke his arm.
We can’t use our microwave because it is broken.
breed (bríid) bred (bred) bred (bred)
He has a ranch in Mexico where he breeds horses
Those dogs were traditionally bred for protection.
The puppies that my dog has bred will be given away.
bring (bring) brought (brot) brought (brot)
Can you bring me the newspaper from the bedroom?
Astronauts brought back a piece of the moon.
They ate all the food we had brought for the party.
broadcast (brodkást) broadcast* (brodkást) broadcast* (brodkást)
Our TV always broadcasts the local celebrations.
The tennis match will be broadcast in the morning.
CNN has broadcast a documentary on terrorism.
build (bild) built (bilt) built (bilt)
The government plans to build new schools in this area.
The survivors built a raft and were able to get to the shore.
More and more hotels are built for tourists in this region.
11
burn (bern) burnt* (bernt) burnt* (bernt)
Many people exercise to burn calories.
Susan burnt all the letters her boyfriend had written to her.
The historical building was burnt to ashes by vandals.
burst (berst) burst (berst) burst (berst)
I hate balloons when they burst.
One of our car tyres burst after hitting a pothole.
My son started to cry because his balloon had burst.
buy (bái) bought (bot) bought (bot)
I have been saving some money to buy a new car.
The old lady was feeling lonely so she bought a dog.
She told her grandson that she had bought a lot of candy for him.
cast (kast) cast (kast) cast (kast)
The tall building casts a shadow over the park.
The fisherman stopped his boat and cast the net into the river.
The news which had cast doubts on the president’s honesty was false.
catch (kach) caught (kot) caught (kot)
Spiders use their webs to catch insects.
12
Jack caught the train at seven o'clock that morning.
The thieves were caught when they were coming out of the shop.
choose (chúus) chose (chóus) chosen (chóusen)
The jury will have to choose one winner per country.
She chose the most beautiful dress in the shop and bought it.
Mr. Jones was chosen as executive director of the company.
clap (klap) clapt* (klapt) clapt* (klapt)
After the lecture, the audience started clapping.
When the girl saw her gift, she clapped her hands in delight.
Everybody clapped when Sally went up to get her diploma.
cling (kling) clung (klang) clung (klang)
We sometimes cling to silly superstitions.
The survivors of the shipwreck clung to a raft.
The dictator has clung to power for too many years.
clothe (klóud) clad* (klad) clad* (klad)
The mother clothed the little boy in a woolen sweater.
She was clad in an elegant silk dress.
Ivy clothed the walls of the castle.
13
come (kam) came (kéim) come (kam)
Tom usually comes to school by bus.
She is feeling sad because nobody came to her party last night.
How many people have come to the exhibition yet?
cost (kost) cost (kost) cost (kost)
Excuse me, how much does this book cost?
His fiancée’s diamond ring cost a fortune.
It has cost a fortune to continue with that war.
creep (kríip) crept (krept) crept (krept)
We saw a crocodile creeping along the road.
The camper crept into the tent as soon as the sun had set.
The spider crept up my arm towards my neck.
cut (kat) cut (kat) cut (kat)
My father often cuts himself while shaving.
Billy cut his finger with a knife when he was cooking.
The hairdresser has cut Jane’s hair very short.
deal (díil) dealt (delt) dealt (delt)
Ms. Pierce deals with all kinds of people in her job.
Fred started the game by dealing two cards to each player.
Those detectives dealt with very dangerous criminals.
14
dig (dig) dug (dag) dug (dag)
The dog dug all the garden but couldn’t find its bone.
They’re digging for gold in this area.
A ditch is being dug along the road.
dive (dáiv) dove* (dóuv) dived (dáivt)
It was very hot, so we dove into the lake and swam for a while.
These town folks dive for pearls as a means of living.
Lucy has dived with sharks many times since she came here.
do (du) did (did) done (dan)
We should do something to help those people.
The doctors did everything they could to save the patient.
What have you done with my books?
draw (dróo) drew (dru) drawn (dróon)
I went the bank to draw some money out of my account.
The teacher wants to know who drew her caricature on the wall.
Some readers have drawn wrong conclusions about the book.
dream (dríim) dreamt* (dremt) dreamt* (dremt)
I dreamt about you last night.
She was dreaming when the alarm clock went off.
15
Mark has always dreamt of becoming a doctor.
drink (drink) drank (draank) drunk (drank)
You mustn’t drink and drive.
Tracy drank far too much yesterday.
I have drunk too much wine already.
drive (dráiv) drove (dróuv) driven (dríven)
I drove to the supermarket but couldn’t find a parking space there.
Could you drive me to the airport
The truck driver has driven the whole night and now he is exhausted.
dwell (duél) dwelt (duélt) dwelt (duélt)
That family used to dwell in a cottage beyond the river.
When he was a boy, he dwelt with Alaskan Indians.
Prehistoric man dwelt in caves.
eat (íit) ate (éit) eaten (íiten)
Laura is a vegetarian so she doesn’t eat meat.
I was so hungry that I ate everything I found in the fridge.
We’ve eaten so much that we won’t have dinner.
fall (fol) fell (fel) fallen (fólen)
The kid fell down and broke his leg.
16
With the coming of autumn, leaves are starting to fall.
The temperature has fallen sharply.
feed (fíid) fed (fed) fed (fed)
I haven’t fed the cat yet.
My baby is too young to feed himself.
The farmer fed the horses before going out to the field.
feel (fíil) felt (felt) felt (felt)
If you take some aspirin, you’ll feel better.
Susan felt very sad when her cat died.
Feel this feather pillow! It’s really soft.
fight (fáit) fought (fot) fought (fot)
Two of my classmates are always fighting.
My grandfather fought in World War II.
Steps should be taken to fight poverty.
find (fáund) found (fáund) found (fáund)
I can’t find my wallet. Have you seen it?
A dead whale was found on the shore.
Have you found your glasses?
17
fit (fit) fit* (fit) fit* (fit)
David tried the blue suit on, but it didn’t fit him.
This key doesn’t fit the lock.
All the rooms in this company are fitted with sprinklers.
flee (flíi) fled (fled) fled (fled)
The Jacksons fled to the U.S. when the war broke out.
When the police arrived, the driver had already fled the scene of the
accident.
The fugitive was caught by border guards while trying to flee the
country.
fling (fling) flung (flang) flung (flang)
As Peter arrives from work, he always flings his overcoat onto the
sofa.
The kids flung themselves onto the bed and turned on the TV.
The door was suddenly flung open by the wind.
fly (flái) flew (flu) flown (flóun)
We saw a plane flying over the lake.
A sparrow flew in through the window.
This pilot has flown large passenger airplanes for many years.
forbid (forbíd) forbade (forbéid) forbidden (forbíden)
His doctor has forbidden him to eat salt.
The teacher forbade the pupils to leave the classroom.
Photography is strictly forbidden during the show.
18
forecast (forkást) forecast* (forkást) forecast* (forkást)
Temperatures were forecast to drop abruptly.
Thunderstorms are forecast for tomorrow.
Experts are forecasting an upturn in the economy.
foresee (forsíi) foresaw (forsó) foreseen (forsíin)
It’s impossible to foresee how their plans will work out.
They foresaw some difficulties arising in the future.
Nobody could have foreseen the extent of the damage.
foretell (fortél) foretold (fortóuld) foretold (fortóuld)
No one can foretell the future.
The witch foretold that Thomas would become famous.
Who can foretell what the future will bring?
forget (forguét) forgot (forgót) forgotten (forgóten)
I have forgotten about today’s appointment.
Before I forget, what’s your phone number?
Liza forgot her umbrella on the bus.
forgive (forguív) forgave (forguéiv) forgiven (forguíven)
I’ve lost your book. Please, forgive me!
She won’t forgive Steve for what he did to her.
19
His boss forgave Mark for arriving late.
forsake (forséik) forsook (forsúuk) forsaken (forséiken)
Alice loved Mike and promised that she would never forsake him.
That woman forsook her family and went to live abroad.
Paula adopted a stray dog whose owner had forsaken it.
freeze (fríiss) froze (fróuss) frozen (fróussen)
Water freezes at zero degrees Celsius.
A climber froze to death on the mountain.
Prices have been frozen owing to the new economic measures.
get (get) got (got) got/gotten (goten)
Billy got a tennis racket for his birthday.
I got a very angry when I saw what they had done.
I don’t know how to get home from here.
give (guív) gave (guéiv) given (guíven)
Mr. Blake gave his wife a ring for their wedding anniversary.
The Jacksons have always given food and clothes to the poor.
Will you give this letter to your mom, Molly?
go (góu) went (went) gone (góon)
We went to the movies last night.
20
Henry usually goes to work by train.
Mary is not at home. She has gone to the doctor’s.
grind (gráind) ground (gráund) ground (gráund)
Let’s grind some coffee for breakfast.
The cook ground some meat in order to make hamburgers.
Carol has been grinding her teeth in her sleep lately.
grow (gróu) grew (gru) grown (gróun)
Deserts are too arid for grass to grow.
My puppy has grown very quickly during the first seven months.
When I was a child, we had an orchard where we grew apples.
handwrite (jand-ráit) handwrote (jand-róut) handwritten (jand-ríten)
Since Paul doesn’t have a computer, he handwrites all his letters.
Yesterday I handwrote my essay because my printer was broken.
The mysterious note the Clarks received was handwritten but not
signed.
hang (jáang) hung (jang) hung (jang)
Are you going to hang that horrible picture on this wall?
Please come in and hang your coat from that hook.
Caroline hung a flag from her balcony to show her solidarity.
21
have (jáav) had (jáad) had (jáad)
The Jacksons have three small children.
Mr. White had a lot of money years ago, but now he is very poor.
Linda has had a well-paid job since 2004.
hear (jíier) heard (jerd) heard (jerd)
The old lady wears a hearing aid because she can’t hear very well.
The dog started barking when he heard footsteps around the house.
Have you heard the latest news on the radio?
hide (jáid) hid (jid) hidden (jíden)
The kid was very scared so he hid under the bed.
The burglar was hiding from the police in the basement.
What have you hidden in that box, Sam?
hit (jit) hit (jit) hit (jit)
That tennis player hits the ball very hard.
Amanda has never hit any of her children.
The old man hit the thief on the head with his walking stick.
hold (jóuld) held (jeld) held (jeld)
As she was crossing the street, Susie held her dad’s hand tightly.
The champion is holding the trophy in the air.
A tennis competition is held in this city every year.
22
hurt (jert) hurt (jert) hurt (jert)
When the ballet was over, the dancer’s feet hurt.
The horseman hurt his back while taming a wild horse.
Karen’s lies have hurt Steve so much that he’ll break the engagement.
inlay (inléi) inlaid (inléid) inlaid (inléid)
The lid of the coffer was inlaid with gold.
Pieces of wood have been inlaid to the living-room wall.
That jeweler inlays boxes with silver and gold.
input (ínput) input* (ínput) input* (ínput)
This teller inputs figures into the bank’s network system.
All this data has already been input into the computer.
Who input this text yesterday?
keep (kíip) kept (kept) kept (kept)
Waiter, here’s a ten dollar bill. Please, keep the change.
The old lady kept her jewels in a safe.
That farmer has kept cattle for years.
kneel (níil) knelt* (nelt) knelt* (nelt)
The vet kneelt down to examine the horse’s hoof.
Many people kneel to pray.
23
While listening to the priest, the congregation was kneeling.
knit (nit) knit* (nit) knit* (nit)
My grandmother loves knitting woolen scarves.
Amy knit this white shawl herself.
Wendy has knitted many sweaters using a machine.
know (nóu) knew (niú) known (nóun)
We have known Victor for eight years.
I know very well what you mean.
Steve knew that he would not get any help from anybody .
lay (léi) laid (léid) laid (léid)
Hens lay eggs.
Cindy has always laid the table before dinner.
The schoolboy laid his books on his desk and ran to the playground.
lead (líid) led (led) led (led)
Eating junk food can lead to health problems.
That hermit has always led a very quiet life.
The hostess led us to our table.
lean (líin) leant* (lent) leant* (lent)
The man who is leaning against the wall is my brother.
24
The boss leant back in his chair and listened to his employee.
The disabled man walked slowly leaning on a woman’s arm.
leap (líip) leapt* (lept) leapt* (lept)
At the aquarium, a killer whale leapt out of the water.
Gazelles run and leap over meadows.
Share prices have leapt from $200 to $350 today.
learn (lern) learnt* (lernt) learnt* (lernt)
Kevin is learning to dance tango.
Today my six-year-old child has learnt the alphabet at school.
What did Doris do when she learnt the news?
leave (líiv) left (left) left (left)
The plane leaves JFK airport at 8:00 a.m.
It was very warm so I left the windows open.
I’m sorry, Mr. Parker’s not in the office. He has already left.
lend (lend) lent (lent) lent (lent)
Lend me your pen, please.
I lent Greg a novel but he hasn’t returned it yet.
Anne doesn’t have her bike because she lent it to her friend yesterday.
25
let (let) let (let) let (let)
Let me just finish this and I’ll help you.
Let’s go out to dinner tonight.
Daisy’s parents didn’t let her go to the party.
lie (lái) lay (léi) lain (léin)
London lies in the south of England.
There was a dead snake lying on the road.
My wife was very tired so she lay down to take a nap.
light (láit) lit* (lit) lit* (lit)
At nightfall, the campers lit a fire and sat around it.
Mary was nervous, so she took out a cigarette and lit it.
There was a power cut, so she had to light some candles.
lose (lúus) lost (lost) lost (lost)
If you keep telling lies, you’ll lose all your friends.
My wife lost all our money in the casino.
I need to go to the embassy because I’ve just lost my passport.
make (méik) made (méid) made (méid)
I’ve just made a cake. Would you like a slice?
Is your shirt made of cotton?
Make your bed before you go to school, Ted.
26
mean (míin) meant (ment) meant (ment)
I don’t understand. What do you mean?
I’m sorry I spilled your drink. I didn’t mean to.
Caroline had meant to help me but he couldn’t.
meet (míit) met (met) met (met)
Have you ever met a famous movie star before?
Let’s meet for a drink on Saturday.
Tracy met her husband when she was a college student.
melt (melt) melted (mélted) molten* (móulten)
If you place an ice cube on a hot surface, it melts.
The sun had melted the snow on the roof.
To prepare the recipe, I melted some butter in a pan.
mislead (mislíid) misled (misléd) misled (misléd)
The accused misled the jury during the trial.
He has misled us on purpose about his actual motive.
Witnesses who mislead the police commit a serious offence.
mistake (mistéik) mistook (mistúuk) mistaken (mistéiken)
The woman mistook his gesture and got furious.
Alice has mistaken the dog’s welcoming bark as a threat.
27
I mistook the man’s good intentions and got offended.
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood

(misanderstánd) (misanderstúud) (misanderstúud)
I thought Dr. Evans was your physician. I must have misunderstood you.
You misunderstood my intentions. I just want to help you.
Don’t misunderstand Sarah—she is grateful for your assistance.
mow (móu) mowed (móud) mown (móun)
Our gardener mowed the lawn last week.
I can feel the smell of grass. Dad must have mown the back yard.
May I borrow your mower? I need to mow my lawn.
overhear (ouverjíier) overheard (ouverjérd) overheard (ouverjérd)
I overheard Mr. Gray saying that he had fire Edward.
Let’s speak quietly so as not to be overheard.
We sometimes overhear our neighbors arguing.
overtake (ouvertéik) overtook (ouvertúuk) overtaken

(ouvertéiken)
You mustn’t overtake vehicles on a curve because it’s very dangerous.
We had to brake because we were overtaken by a huge truck.
Knowing that she might drown, desperation overtook her.
pay (péi) paid (péid) paid (péid)
How much did you pay for that car?
28
The Smiths paid $400,000 for their new house.
George doesn’t have enough money to pay for his debt.
prove (prúuv) proved (prúuvt) proven* (prúuven)

His attorney believes that the new evidence will prove his
innocence.
In the U.S., people are innocent until proven guilty.
Martin’s suspicions proved to be groundless.

put (put) put (put) put (put)
Have you put sugar in my tea?
Gracy, put all your toys in the box before dinner.
After the burglary, we put a new lock on the door.

quit (kuít) quit (kuít) quit (kuít)
My uncle decided to quit smoking.
If you don’t give me a raise, Mr. Miller, I’ll quit my job.
Betsy is on a diet so she had to quit junk food.

read (ríiid) read (red) read (red)
Have you read any of his novels?
Should I read this book, Miss Anderson?
Vivian read about the accident in yesterday’s newspaper.

rid (rid) rid* (rid) rid* (rid)
Jack left home because he wanted to be rid of his parents.
We got rid of old clothes by calling the Salvation Army.
Alex ridded himself of guilt by telling the truth.

ride (ráid) rode (róud) ridden (ríden)

My sister has ridden horses since the age of seven.
When my brother was a teenager, he rode a Harley Davidson.
We love riding our bikes across the park.
29

ring (ring) rang (raang) rung (rang)
The phone is ringing!
I rang the doorbell but there was nobody in the house.
Your aunt rang when you were taking a shower.

rise (ráis) rose (róus) risen (rísen)
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Has the cake risen? It’s been in the oven for 20 minutes.
When the judge walked into the courtroom, everyone rose.

run (ran) ran (raan) run (ran)
Sean ran to the station, but missed the train.
My brother can run 100 meters in 11 minutes.
The dog was panting because it had been running.

saw (so) sawed (sod) sawn* (sóon)
Lumberjacks sawed all the trees in this area last month.
Our gardener has sawn a large branch from this tree.
The carpenter is sawing some wood to make a cabinet.

say (séi) said (sed) said (sed)

Excuse me -I couldn’t hear you. What did you say?
“Good morning, madam!” said the janitor.
Listen to me. I have something to say.

see (síi) saw (so) seen (síin)
We saw a very good movie last night.
Dave bought a pair of glasses because he can’t see very well.
The murderer was seen running from the scene of the crime.

seek (síik) sought (sot) sought (sot)
My girlfriend is seeking a new job.
As Peter was involved in an accident, he sought legal advice.
That company has always sought new ways to expand its business.
30

sell (sel) sold (sóuld) sold (sóuld)
My neighbours sold their house to Mr. Walker for $500,000.
Most record stores sell CD’s and DVD’s.
This novel has sold so well that it has been reprinted many times.

send (send) sent (sent) sent (sent)
Bob sent the parcel by mail yesterday
I need go to the post office to send a letter.
Alison hasn’t sent any e-mails yet.

set (set) set (set) set (set)

No sooner had he arrived than he set his suitcase on the floor.
The movie is set in San Francisco in the early ‘60s.
I don’t want to oversleep so I’ll set the alarm clock for six.

sew (sóu) sewed (sóud) sewn* (sóun)
A dressmaker sewed my wedding dress.
The seams in Dad’s suit were sewn by a tailor.
Mom, could you please sew the button on this jacket?

shake (shéik) shook (shúuk) shaken (shéiken)
The whole city was shaken by the earthquake.
Shake the bottle well before you take this medicine.
I asked my uncle to lend me his car but he shook his head in
disapproval.

shave (shéiv) shaved (shéivt) shaven* (shéiven)
Your beard is growing. You should shave it.
My cousin shaved off his moustache two days ago.
He has shaven his head because he has decided to become a
monk.

shear (shíir) shore* (shor) shorn* (shorn)
All the sheep on this farm are shorn twice a year.
The town’s barber shears his hair every other month.
I’ll take my poodle to the pet shop so that they’ll shear her.

31
shed (shed) shed (shed) shed (shed)
Snakes shed their skin from time to time.
My niece shed tears when she heard that her cat had died.
At night the fishermen shed light on the water to catch crabs.
shine (sháin) shone (shóun) shone (shóun)
The sun is shining so let’s go to the beach.
In the morning sun, the stream shone like silver.
At nightfall, the campers shone their flashlights around the dark

forest.
shoot (shúut) shot (shot) shot (shot)
Please don’t shoot! Here, take my money and my car key.
The man pulled out a gun and shot the stranger who had entered
his house.
It’s forbidden to shoot animals in these woods.
show (shóu) showed (shóud) shown (shóun)
Oliver has shown his oil painting at an art gallery this year.
I’m a beginner. Could you please show me how to hold the racket?
My nephew showed me the butterfly he kept inside a box.
shrink (shrink) shrank (shraank) shrunk (shrank)
If you wash a woolen sweater with hot water, it will shrink.
As the firm had shrunk, they decided to lay off personnel.
32
Miraculously, her brain tumor shrank and finally disappeared.
shut (shat) shut (shat) shut (shat)
Hardly had he walked in when he shut the door behind him.
I had shut all the windows before I went to bed.
The corner coffestore shuts at midnight.
sing (sing) sang (saang) sung (sang)
At sunrise, birds sing outside my bedroom window.
Frank Sinatra sang many songs during his lifetime.
I was singing in the shower when someone knocked on the door.
sink (sink) sank (saank) sunk (sank)
The Titanic sank in 1912.
The boat has sunk owing to its heavy cargo.
She sank into her favorite armchair to read his letter.
sit (sit) sat (sat) sat (sat)
In the waiting room, Mrs. Jackson sat on a chair and read a

magazine.
Excuse me—you may not sit here because this seat is reserved.
We were sitting at the table when Robert arrived.
slay (sléi) slew (slúu) slain (sléin)
33
The prince slew the dragon with a sword.
Sadly, the hostages were slain by the kidnappers.
The hijackers may slay all the crew on this plane.
sleep (slíip) slept (slept) slept (slept)

Paula was moody because she had slept badly the night before.
We couldn’t sleep last night because our neigbours had a noisy
party.
I feel tired, I haven’t slept very well for the last three days.

slide (sláid) slid (slid) slid (slíden)
The skier slid downhill and reached the foot of the mountain.
These doors slide open automatically.
The snake had slid along the sand before it hid behind a rock.

sling (sling) slung (slang) slung (slang)
Don’t sling your clothes on the floor, Alex. Be tidy!
They slung their jackets into the back of the van and left.
Will you sling us a few pears, Tom?

slink (slink) slunk (slank) slunk (slank)
The stranger tried to slink into the mansion by a cellar door.
A thief slunk into the jewelry store, stole a pearl necklace, and
escaped.
The concert was so bad that the band had to slink by a back door.

slit (slit) slit (slit) slit (slit)
Mr. Brown slit open an envelope and took out a letter.
The dancer’s skirt was slit up the side.
The robber tried to slit the man’s throat but was caught by the
police.

34
smell (smel) smelt* (smelt) smelt* (smelt)
I can smell something burning.
His breath smelt of alcohol and couldn’t walk properly.
This perfume smells good.
sneak (sníik) snuck* (snak) snuck* (snak)
The student sneaked a note to one of his classmates.
Mary sneaked into my bedroom while I was away.
A man’s just snuck into the party without being seen.
sow (sóu) sowed (sóud) sown (sóun)
Once he had sown the seeds, our gardener watered the

flowerbed.
This soil is good for sowing those plants.
If you sow now, you’ll have to harvest in the summer.
speak (spíik) spoke (spóuk) spoken (spóuken)
Is Mr. Wilkins in, please? I need to speak to him—it’s urgent.
Barbara’s teacher has spoken to her mother about her low grades.
The man who spoke to me had a foreign accent.
speed (spíid) sped* (sped) sped* (sped)
The ambulance sped along the highway towards the hospital.,
The taxi speeded us to the airport.
According to doctor, these pills will speed Kate’s recovery.
35
spell (spél) spelt* (spélt) spelt* (spélt)
Excuse me, how do you spell your last name?
I’ve got a foreign name so I always have to spell it.
Billy, your dictation isn’t very good. You spelt most words wrong.
spend (spend) spent (spent) spent (spent)
Joe has spent all his savings and now he’s penniless.
Mrs. Wayne spent a fortune on a fur coat.
We’re going to spend our vacation in the Caribbean next year.
spill (spil) spilt* (spilt) spilt* (spilt)
The tanker spilled many gallons of oil into the ocean.
Steve accidentally pushed Mary’s arm and made Mary spill her
coffee.
The maid carried a bucket full of water without spilling a drop.
spin (spin) spun (span) spun (span)
A spider spun a web in the corner of the room.
The croupier spun the roulette wheel.
The clothes are spinning inside the washing machine.
spit (spit) spat (spat) spat (spat)
36
Football hooligans spat at policemen outside the stadium.
The man cleared his throat and spat on the ground.
The boxer was spitting blood after receiving a terrible blow.
split (split) split (split) splite (split)
They share an apartment and split the rent and all the bills.
The profits were split equally between the two partners.
The coach split the players into two teams.
spoil (spóil) spoilt* (spóilt) spoilt* (spóilt)
The Masons spoil their child by giving her whatever she wants.
You spoiled the fish because you left it outside the fridge.
A sudden thunderstorm spoilt our picnic.
spread (spred) spread (spred) spread (spred)
The eagle spread its wings and flew away.
She spread her towel on the sand and lay down on it.
That terrible disease is spreading very quickly.
spring (spring) sprang (spraang) sprung (sprang)
The cat has sprung onto the table.
When they heard the whistle, the soldiers sprang out of their
tents.
37
Tears sprang to her eyes after hearing the bad news.
stand (stáand) stood (stúud) stood (stúud)
When the teacher walked in, the pupils stood up.
There are three people standing at the bus stop.
Don’t jus stand there. Help me!

steal (stíil) stole (stóul) stolen (stóulen)
Somebody stole my wallet on the bus.
My bike is not where I left it. It must have been stolen.
I saw a thief stealing that lady’s purse.

stick (stik) stuck (stak) stuck (stak)
I need some glue to stick this photograph into our album.
The lady stuck a stamp on the envelope and sent it airmail.
Don’t stick your hands into the cage of the tiger.

sting (sting) stung (stang) stung (stang)
The kid was stung on the face by a wasp.
While hiking in a forest, a swarm of bees stung us.
Though it will sting, you have to wash that cut with soap and
water.

stink (stink) stank (stáank) stunk (stank)
The tramp was dirty and his breath stank of garlic.
The beggar hadn’t washed for ages so his clothes stank.
Polluted water stinks.

stride (stráid) strode* (stróud) stridden (stríden)
Our boss was so furious that strode in the office shouting.
38
We had to stride all day along the valley looking for a river.
When she heard Ben’s footsteps, she strode to meet him.

strike (stráik) struck (strak) struck/stricken
(stríken)
The ship struck an iceberg and sank.
The clock has just struck midnight.
Whenever he plays bowling, he strikes all the pins down.

string (string) strung (strang) strung (strang)
The chain she wore was strung with charms.
I will string these beads on a silver thread.
We have strung lights up in the Christmas tree.

strive (stráiv) strove (stróuv) striven (stríven)
News programs strive to be the first to break the news.
Our corporation encourages its staff to strive for excellence.
The jury strove to return a verdict that was unbiased.

swear (suéer) swore (suóor) sworn (suóorn)
I swear to God that I am telling the truth.
Ralph swore that he would keep his promise.
When the boy lost the game he got angry and swore loudly.

sweat (suét) sweat* (suét) sweat* (suét)
Their bodies were sweating heavily in the sun.
The young actress sweat a lot during the audition.
I have sweated a lot over the project.

sweep (suíip) swept* (suépt) swept* (suépt)
39
The sweeper hasn’t swept our street yet.
In fall, I have to sweep the dead leaves every day.
Strong winds sweep the cliffs of Dover.
swell (suél) swelled (suéld) swollen (suólen)
The saleslady was standing the whole day so her feet got swollen.
The curtains swelled in the breeze.
His leg swelled where the scorpion had stung him.
swim (suím) swam (suáam) swum (suám)
Two swans were swimming in the lake.
Betsy won’t get into the water because she can’t swim.
The sailor jumped from the boat and swam to the shore.
swing (suíng) swung (suáng) swung (suáng)
The girl sat on a stool swinging her legs.
The tennis player swung the racket to hit the ball.
The door swung open and the cowboy walked into the saloon.
take (téik) took (túuk) taken (téiken)
The child was taken to see his mother in hospital.
Take this dessert over to your grandmother’s.
Sarah was playing with a sharp knife so I took it away from her.
40
teach (tíich) taught (tot) taught (tot)
Mrs. Collins teaches biology at my school.
His father taught Daniel how to swim.
She has taught English for many years.
tear (téer) tore (tóor) torn (tóorn)
I accidentally tore the fabric of my pants.
After reading a letter, Henry usually tears it into pieces.
The student has just torn a sheet of paper from his notebook.
tell (tel) told (tóuld) told (tóuld)
The kindergarten teacher told the kids a beautiful story.
Have I told you that Harold is getting married?
People don’t believe him for he’s always telling lies.
think (zink) thought (zot) thought (zot)
What do you think of this book? Do you like it?
I can’t make a decision now. Let me think about it.
She thought for a moment but couldn’t solve the problem.
thrive (zráiv) throve* (zróuv) thriven* (zríven)
New restaurants thrive in this trendy neighborhood.
41
Few animals have ever thriven in captivity.
His company throve and became the biggest in the country.

throw (zróu) threw (zrú) thrown (zróun)
Simon, throw me the ball and I’ll catch it.
The tourists threw litter on the park.
Freddy was in hospital because a hooligan had thrown a stone at
him.

thrust (zrast) thrust (zrast) thrust (zrast)
The mailman thrust a packet into my arms and left.
The soldier thrust a knife into his enemy.
A classmate thrust a book at me.

tread (tred) trod (trod) trodden (tróden)
You trod on my foot!
Many people had trodden this path before.
The fishermen were treading carefully on the coral reef.

undergo (andergóu) underwent undergone
(anderwént) (anderwént)
Jim is undergoing psychotherapy.
That old historical building has undergone several repairs.
The patient underwent some tests before the surgery.

understand understood understood

(anderstáand) (anderstúud) (anderstúud)
I read the instructions but couldn’t understand them.
Little children can’t understand abstract nouns.
His girlfriend understood what he was trying to say.

42
undertake undertook undertaken

(andertéik) (andertúuk) (andertéiken)
The police have undertaken full investigation into the murder.
Our boss undertook a very ambitious project.
Will you undertake this task while I am away on a trip?
upset (apsét) upset (apsét) upset (apsét)
Vivian got there two hours late and upset all our plans.
Eating fried food upsets my stomach.
The government’s decision to freeze wages will upset many

people.
wake (uéik) woke (uóuk) woken (uóuken)
What time does she wake up in the morning?
I woke up late and missed the flight.
We were woken up by a loud noise.
wear (uéer) wore (uóor) worn (uórn)
Mr. Sim wore a suit and tie for work.
The rocks have been worn smooth by the tide.
The rug is starting to wear.
weave (uíiv) wove (uóuv) woven (uóuven)
This tapestry has been woven by a famous artist.
My sister-in-law weaves shawls with a loom.
43
The Hawaiian girl wove flowers into a garland.
wed (uéd) wed* (uéd) wed* (uéd)
By the end of spring, the royal couple will have wedded.
That actor wedded a famous top model.
Ralph and Elizabeth were wedded in a cathedral.
weep (uíip) wept (uépt) wept (uépt)
The film was so sad that made us weep.
My daughter fell down and wept for hours.
Everybody wept at the funeral.
wet (uét) wet* (uét) wet* (uét)
The hairdresser wetted the comb slightly to arrange her hair.
My son had a high fever so I wet his forehead.
The player will wet his head before running into the soccer field.
win (wín) won (wán) won (wán)
Eugene O’Neill won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936.
Do you think our team will win the World Cup?
Tony won the lottery and became rich.
44
wind (wáind) wound (wáund) wound (wáund)
My grandfather winds his watch every day.
The river wound its way between the hills.
I have wound a bandage around my injured arm.

withdraw (widróo) withdrew (widrú) withdrawn (widróon)
Richard withdrew $200 from the ATM.
The general ordered his troops to withdraw from the battlefield.
The participant who cheated was withdrawn from the contest.

withhold (widjóuld) withheld (widjéld) withheld (widjéld)
She couldn’t continue her trip because her passport had been
withheld.
The witness withheld crucial information from the police.
I will withhold your fees until the work is finished.

withstand withstood (widstúud) withstood (widstúud)
(widstáand)
These pillars will withstand the heavy roof.
She withstood the temptation to go to the party.
This paint withstands high temperatures.

wring (ring) wrung (rang) wrung (rang)
The maid washed the shirt and wrung it carefully.
You looked so mad that I thought you were going to wring his
neck.
The man was wringing his hands while plotting his revenge.

write (ráit) wrote (róut) written (ríten)
William Shakespeare wrote plays and sonnets.
My sister hasn’t written a letter to granny in ages.
Children usually learn to read and write at the age of six.
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The Irregular Verbs: All The Irregular Verbs of The English Language Conjugation, Pronunciation, Translation and Examples

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The Irregular Verbs: All The Irregular Verbs of The English Language Conjugation, Pronunciation, Translation and Examples

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The Irregular Verbs

arise (aráis) arose (aróus) arisen (arísen)

awake (awéik) awoke (awóuk) awoken (awóuken)

bear (ber) bore (bor) born (born)

become (bikám) became (bikéim) become (bikám)

present past past participle

withdraw (widróo) withdrew (widrú) withdrawn

withhold (widjóuld) withheld (widjéld) withheld

I will withhold your fees until the work is finished.

withstand (widstáand) withstood (widstúud) withstood

wring (ring) wrung (rang) wrung

write (ráit) wrote (róut) written

present past past participle

bend (bend) bent (bent) bent (bent)

bid (bid) bid (bid) bid (bid)

bind (báind) bound (báund) bound (báund)

You can use this ribbon to bind the package.

I’ve got Shakespeare’s Complete Works bound in leather.

bite (báit) bit (bit) bitten (bíten)

When Jack is nervous, he bites his pencil.

My neighbor’s dog bit Sally the other day.

During the picnic, we were bitten by mosquitoes.

bleed (blíid) bled (bled) bled (bled)

The injured dog bled to death on the roadside.

blow (blóu) blew (blú) blown (blown)

A freezing wind is blowing from the south.

Billy blew the candles of his birthday cake.

That terrible windstorm had blown all the trees down.

break (bréik) broke (bróuk) broken (bróuken)

We can’t use our microwave because it is broken.

breed (bríid) bred (bred) bred (bred)

He has a ranch in Mexico where he breeds horses

Those dogs were traditionally bred for protection.

The puppies that my dog has bred will be given away.

bring (bring) brought (brot) brought (brot)

Can you bring me the newspaper from the bedroom?

Astronauts brought back a piece of the moon.

broadcast (brodkást) broadcast* (brodkást) broadcast* (brodkást)

Our TV always broadcasts the local celebrations.

The tennis match will be broadcast in the morning.

CNN has broadcast a documentary on terrorism.

build (bild) built (bilt) built (bilt)

The government plans to build new schools in this area.

burn (bern) burnt* (bernt) burnt* (bernt)

Many people exercise to burn calories.

The historical building was burnt to ashes by vandals.

* Could be conjugated as a regular verb

burst (berst) burst (berst) burst (berst)

I hate balloons when they burst.

One of our car tyres burst after hitting a pothole.

My son started to cry because his balloon had burst.

buy (bái) bought (bot) bought (bot)

I have been saving some money to buy a new car.

The old lady was feeling lonely so she bought a dog.

cast (kast) cast (kast) cast (kast)

The tall building casts a shadow over the park.

catch (kach) caught (kot) caught (kot)

Spiders use their webs to catch insects.

Jack caught the train at seven o'clock that morning.