PRACTICE 1

I. Choose the words that best complete the sentences in the text.
Earthquakes are amongst the most destructive (1) ______ disasters. They usually (2) ______
without any warning and (3) _____ in a great " (4) _______ of life and an enormous demolition
of buildings. Additionally, they may cause devastating landslides or create gigantic tidal waves
which, in _______ (5), are coastal walls of water smashing into seashores with such force that
they are _______ (6) of destroying coastal cities. However, the (7) _______ majority of
fatalities and serious injuries (8) _______ about when buildings (9) ________. Most frequently,
the earthquake lasts 30 to 60 seconds, so usually there is no time to (10) _____ the mortal (11)
______ once the shaking starts. The savage forces of an earthquake trigger (12) ______ a
complex chain (13) _______ in the building's structure when it is shaken, lifted, pushed or
pulled. A building's height, its shape and construction materials are the most significant (14)
_______ deciding about the survival or collapse of the structure and, consequently, about the
life or death of its (15) _______.
1. a) nature b) naturalistic c) natural d) native
2. a) hit b) strike c) tall d) attack
3. a) result b) effect c) lead d) cause
4. a) fatality b) waste c) harm d) loss
5. a) tact b) certainty c) honesty d) truth
6. a) potential b) conceivable c) capable d) possible
7. a) wide b) broad c) full d) vast
8. a) bring b) come c) lay d) make
9. a) demolish b) jumble c) destroy d) collapse
10. a) avert b) evade c) abstain d) restrain
11. a) upkeep b) upturn c) upshot d) uptake
12. a) up b) on c) out d) off
13. a) activity b) motion c) progress d) reaction
14. a) factors b) phenomena c) points d) ingredients
15. a) settlers b) citizens c) inhabitants d) burghers
II. WORD FORMATION
1. Does it make any difference (DIFFER) to them if we pay by cheque?
2. The two boys should receive a just punishment. Their behaviours (BEHAVE) at the
inauguration ceremony was really outrageous.
3. Couldn't you provide us with a more practical scheme? The one you have just devised is not
sensible (SENSE) at all.
4. As a matter of fact, the realization of the project itself isn't so troublesome (TROUBLE) as
the initial conditions we have to accept.
5. Jason is the most trustworthy (TRUTH) person I know. He never tells lies.
6. Mutual accusations (ACCUSE) will get you nowhere. You'd better try to find a more
reasonable solution to your conflict.
7. The main cause of the current crisis in the party seems to be the deep division (DIVIDE)
between its members.
8. Unfortunately, none of us managed to convince the director of the benefits that our
experiment might bring. His disapproval (APPROVE) grew even stronger when Jack
mentioned the possible cost of the venture.
9. Cindy and Mike's close friendship finally developed into a profound (PROFUNDITY)
feeling and culminated in their marriage last year.
10. Nobody has applied for the mission knowing how hazardous (HAZARD) it may be.
11. Tom used to confide (CONFIDENCE) in conventional medicine, but after many years of
unsuccessful treatment, he has opted for acupuncture.
12. Mark's been terribly busy this week. It's doubtful (DOUBT) whether he’ll attend our
performance tomorrow.

III. SUPPY THE CORRECT PREPOSITIONS.

BETWEE
AT BY IN FOR FROM OF ON WITH
N
1. Although Mrs. Parker was bitterly jealous of her friends' higher wages in the company, she
managed to avoid making sharp comments.
2. The committee doesn't support any immediate changes. They say the modifications should be
introduced step by step.
3. The landlord was very generous to us. All that we consumed in his inn was on the house.
4. We can't give up. Now that we have gone through the most difficult part of the route we must
reach Khartoum at any cost.
5. If you had informed us in advance that you wouldn't be giving any seminar we wouldn't have
gone to the trouble of making all the necessary arrangements.
6. What unavoidably makes me angry at Frank is his inability to take prompt decisions.
7. The football star is going to spend holidays in a secluded place where he expects to hide
from the curious journalists and photographers.
8. All the candidates, except for Mr. Jenkins, have scored the required number of points.
9. Customers used to complain about the high prices of food, meat in particular.
10. Learning this long definition by heart, at first, seemed an impossible task. But, finally, I was
successful memorizing it.
11. lnstead of a long speech at the beginning of the meeting, the chairman only gave a short
welcome to all the participants.
12. Only Mark was keen on going fishing early in the morning. The rest of the company felt too
tired after their long journey.
13. Tell the children to stop fooling around or I’ll lose my patience with them.
14. There's no difference in the price between these two printers.
IV. TRANSPORMATION
1. It wasn't Tom that you saw in the department store, for sure.
=> It couldn't have been Tom that you saw in the department store.
2. We had to call the doctor because the baby had a high temperature (because of).
=> We had to call the doctor because of the baby having a high temperature.
3. If I were you, I wouldn't tell anybody about the discovery.
=> You had better not tell anybody about the discovery.
4. The boys laughed at the man in spite of his old age. (made)
=> The boys made fun of the man in spite of his old age.
5. You are all welcome to take any food you like.
=> Help yourself if you want any food you like.
6. What was the reason for his resignation? (about)
=> What brought about his resignation?
7. Did the children enjoy themselves during the performance? (good time)
=>Did the children have a good time during the performance?
8. He hasn’t sent us any message since March. (heard)
=> We haven’t heard of him since March.
9. You don't have to worry about the future. (need)
=> There is no need to worry about the future.
10. All the students were awarded diplomas.
=> Diplomas were awarded to all the students.

V. Choose the correct answer.

1. If you go on _____ me like this, I will never be able to finish writing my report.
a) disturbing b) afflicting c) concerning d) affecting
2. Turn off this machine, please. The harsh sound really ______ me crazy.
a) takes b) worries c) drives d) bothers
3. Everyone knew that _____ this task would require a considerable effort.
a) working b) engaging c) making d) completing
4. Mr. Tanner did his best to fix the faulty oven, but his ______ at repairing electrical devices
wasn't good enough to succeed.
a) service b) skill c) technique d) craft
5. Judy didn't wait for a second to agree to Mike's proposal as she had been in love with the boy
for a long time.
a) decide b) linger c) hesitate d) await
6. Don't get so nervous about his coming late. When you get to know him better, you’ll learn to
take it _______.
a) easy b) loose c) nice d) fine
7. The inconsiderate driver was ______ for parking his vehicle in the wrong place.
a) inflicted b) condemned c) harassed d) fined
8. The idea to _______ a visit to the local council residence was welcomed by all visitors.
a) do b) pay c) go d) walk
9. His _______ of the safety regulations really can't be ignored any longer.
a) disregard b) unfamiliarity c) carelessness d) inattention
10. Let's ________ the place, it looks so gloomy and unpleasant.
a) miss b) abandon c) depart d) disappear
11. What you are saying is quite _______, so please give us more details on the situation.
a) infamous b) unaccustomed c) unsure d) unclear
 12. For a short while, I managed to catch _______ of the president entering the palace.
a) vision b) notice c) view d) sight
13. The suggestion to leave the camp at once was strongly ______ by the climbers who were
afraid of the approaching snowstorm.
a) opposed b) complained c) quarreled d) resigned
14. The first thing for all of you to remember is that ________ your duties may result in an
instant dismissal.
a) escaping b) neglecting c) resisting d) missing
15. It was the commission's job to decide whether the pilot was _____ for the crash that
occurred right after the take-off.
a) responsible b) prone c) guilty d) comprehensive
16. None of us has ever ______ of taking any rash steps against illegal broadcasting.
a) declared b) persisted c) approved d) concluded
17. Several soldiers of the squad were taken _______ by the enemy forces.
a) capture b) hostage c) kidnap d) torture
18. The student was _______ of understanding the theory even after the professor's profound
explanation.

a) incompetent b) incapable c) helpless d) unsuccessful

19. I'm going for a walk in the park. Would you like to _______ me company?
a) follow b) stay c) ward d) keep
20. Patrick is too _______ a gambler to resist placing a bet on the final game.
a) instant b) spontaneous c) compulsive d) continuous

VI. Fill each blank with one suitable word.

(1) As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once
you are in the habit of rushing through life being on the (2) go from morning till night, it is hard
to slow down. But the relaxation is essential for a healthy (3) mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of every life and there is no way to (4) avoid it. In fact it is not the
bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain (5) amount of stress is vital to provide motivation
and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control (6) that it can lead to poor
performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand (7) relies very much on the individual. Some
people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material (8) for
managerial responsibilities. Others (9) lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When
(10) exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and (11) physically. In fact,
we make choice between “flight” and “fight” and in more primitive days the choices made the
difference between life and (12) death.
The crisis we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but (13) however little the stress,
it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure
to stress (14) that health becomes endangered. (15) Such serious conditions as high blood
pressure and heart disease have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress
 from our life (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find the way to (16)
deal/cope with it.

VII. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
Before history was written, people needed to search for food. Perhaps it was then that
family divided up the work. The males, who can throw and run better than woman, became the
hunters. The females stayed at home to take care of the children and to gather food from nature.
No one knows how, but slowly human beings became able to control their food sources.
The first animals were tamed. Perhaps human being chose a friend like the dog first, or
maybe the dog chose human beings. Or perhaps someone thought of domesticating a source of
food first, an egg-producing bird like a chicken or duck might have been the first to be tamed.
On the other hand, someone might have thought of domesticating a producer of milk like a goat.
When was the first land cleared for agriculture? How did it happen? We can only guess.
Perhaps as some women were gathering nuts or berries, they cleared away the thorny branches
because it would be easier to collect the fruits. They were really clearing a field. There is
another possible explanation of how farming stared; it might have been an accident. Perhaps a
container of grass seeds spilled in an open area. The next season that open area flowered as a
wheat field. Someone might have remembered the accident and repeated it on purpose.
Someone else might have noticed another natural crop and copied it. For example, wild
rice grows along the edges of rivers. It is easy to gather the crop. Someone might have planned
another crop so that it would be easy to harvest.
We can never know how farming started. In the days before history was written, there
were unlimited ways to improve. Human beings also had many reasons to look for better ways
of getting food. There were many children to feed, and agriculture was an easier way to stay
alive.
1. Which is the main idea of paragraph 1?
a. Women do not run as well as men can.
b. Children had to gather food near their homes.
c. People learned to control food sources before history was written.
d. People had to search for food before they could learn to write.
2. Which does paragraph 2 focus on?
a. A dog as a useful animal b. Taming animals
c. Which birds produce eggs d. Goat milk
3. The main idea of paragraph 3 is that agriculture probably started because
a. A grass seeds grow into wheat.
b. Someone made a good guess.
c. People thought carefully about a way to stop a problem.
d. Clearing away branches made gathering easier.
4. The main idea of paragraph 4 is that
a. Wild rice is a good model for agriculture. b. Wild rice is easy to gather.
c. People like wild rice. d. Crops like wild rice are natural.
5. Whatis the main idea of paragraph 5?
a. People needed to learn ways to get more food.
b. The number of children was increasing fast.
c. Agriculture was so bad that anything would improve it.
d. People really needed to learn how to write.
THE END OF THE PRACTICE