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Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani EEE G613: Advanced Digital Signal Processing Semester I: 2021-2022

This document provides instructions for a lab experiment on the short-time Fourier transform (spectrogram) using MATLAB. Students are asked to generate spectrogram plots of various signals, including stationary signals composed of multiple sine waves and non-stationary signals where the frequency changes over time. For each signal, students must produce time-domain and frequency-domain plots, and spectrograms using different window sizes and overlap settings to observe how these parameters affect the time-frequency resolution of the spectrogram.

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33 views2 pages

Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani EEE G613: Advanced Digital Signal Processing Semester I: 2021-2022

This document provides instructions for a lab experiment on the short-time Fourier transform (spectrogram) using MATLAB. Students are asked to generate spectrogram plots of various signals, including stationary signals composed of multiple sine waves and non-stationary signals where the frequency changes over time. For each signal, students must produce time-domain and frequency-domain plots, and spectrograms using different window sizes and overlap settings to observe how these parameters affect the time-frequency resolution of the spectrogram.

Uploaded by

parul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, PILANI

EEE G613: Advanced Digital Signal Processing


Semester I: 2021-2022

Lab 3: Short Time Fourier Transform (Spectrogram)


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Instructions: Please make sure you add a title, axis labels, x-axis limit and y-axis
limit, and legend (if required) to each of your figures. You need to save the
MATLAB code and the figure in a TIFF format.

1) An input stationary signal is a combination of three sine signals. The first sine signal
has a frequency of 50 Hz, the second sine signal has a frequency of 300 Hz and the third
sine signal has a frequency of 600 Hz. Note that the individual sine signal generation has
amplitude = 1, duration = 1 second and sampling frequency (Fs) = 1000 Hz). Generate the
MATLAB plots for the following:

(i) Time-domain representation.


(ii) Magnitude spectrum (use N-point FFT = Fs and note that the x-axis is in frequency;
Hz). Comment on your observation.
For (i) and (ii), show the results as subplots of 2x1.

(iii) Spectrogram plot using the spectrogram command. Use the hamming window with
100 samples and overlapping samples as 10. Comment on your observation.

(iv) Spectrogram plot using the spectrogram command. Use the hamming window with
1000 samples and overlapping samples as 100. Comment on your observation.

2) Generate a signal with total duration of 1 sec (0 to 1 sec), in which the first 0.4 sec
(i.e., 0 to 0.4 sec) there is a sine signal of frequency 50 Hz, the signal is zero between 0.4
to 0.6 sec and the last 0.4 of the total duration, there is a sine signal of frequency 250 Hz.
Use the sampling frequency (Fs) = 1000 Hz. Generate the MATLAB plots for the
following:

(i) Time-domain representation.


(ii) Magnitude spectrum (use N- point FFT = Fs and note that the x-axis is in frequency;
Hz).
For (i) and (ii), show the results as subplots of 2x1.

(iii) Spectrogram plot using the spectrogram command. Use the hamming window with 10
samples and overlapping sample as 1. Comment on your observation.

(iv) Spectrogram plot using the spectrogram command. Use the hamming window with
500 samples and overlapping samples as 50. Comment on your observation.

1
Use the following MATLAB code to generate the spectrogram:

Suppose that the time domain signal is ‘x’ and a hamming window of ‘L’ samples needs
to be used with overlapping samples equal to ‘K’. Use the following template of
MATLAB code to generate the plots for this lab:

[S, F, T]=spectrogram(x,hamming(L),K,[0:Fs-1],Fs);
figure; imagesc(T,F,20*log10(abs(S))); colorbar;
axis xy; colormap(jet); caxis([-80 20]);
axis tight; view(0,90); xlabel('Time (Sec)'); ylabel('Frequency (Hz)');
ylim([0 500]); title('Hamming window with L Samples');

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