YTU SFL – JUNE 2020

PRACTICE EXAM
CLOZE TESTS (20 pts.)

A. Choose the correct option according to the text. (11x1=11 pts.)

THE ROSETO EFFECT

In the 1950s, heart attacks were very common in the USA. In many
states, people were having heart-related problems some time during their lives.
However, in the small town of Roseto, things were quite different: Almost nobody
under the age of 65 suffered from heart disease, 1) …………… confused all the
doctors there. Today, we have cholesterol-lowering drugs to help fight the disease
and can easily access treatment in modern hospitals, but these ways of treatment
appeared many years later, so at that time, heart disease 2) ……………
techniques didn’t exist. Additionally, in Roseto, there was no suicide, no drug
addiction and very 3) …………… crime. Therefore, people were only dying of old
age and nothing else.

Researchers tried to find out the reason for the Rosetans’ good health. Eventually, they concluded that the
secret was the community itself. The town 4) …………… by immigrants from Italy in the early 1900s, and researchers
understood that this was a group of people with very strong bonds 5) …………… looked after each other since the
beginning. Rosetans visited each other all the time and frequently organised community celebrations. The families in
each house 6) …………… three generations who lived together; so people knew that when they grew old, they were
going to be respected and their experience 7) …………… .

Interestingly, Rosetans had harmful habits, like caring less about 8) …………… ; for example, they were eating
food that was high in fat. 9) …………… their not-so-ideal lifestyles, their tight social network protected them from the
pressures of the modern world and also kept diseases at a distance.

However, even in the 1960s, it was clear that younger Rosetans would not continue this traditional lifestyle.
They soon 10) …………… typical American single-family houses, away from traditional social bonds. The consequences
followed quickly: The first heart attack of a Rosetan under 45 happened in 1971. Today, the likelihood of a Rosetan
having a heart attack is 11) …………… the national average, so the possibility of having a heart-related disease is not
low for an ordinary Rosetan at all. It is no surprise that today, many of the residents in Roseto miss the nostalgic healthy
days.

1. a. where b. which c. that d. ---

2. a. prevention b. promotion c. reputation d. impression
3. a. a little b. a few c. few d. little
4. a. had founded b. has been founded c. founded d. was founded
5. a. --- b. where c. who d. which
6. a. insisted on b. enrolled in c. consisted of d. prevented from
7. a. would be valued b. will be valued c. can be valued d. has been valued
8. a. isolation b. nutrition c. frustration d. devastation
9. a. Even though b. Despite c. In contrast d. Yet
10. a. move into b. have moved into c. moved into d. will move into
11. a. so same as b. same c. the same d. the same as

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 B. Choose the correct option according to the text. (9x1=9 pts.)

SAFE CYCLING

Cycling may not be the most dangerous sport in the world, but there are still risks.
You might lose control, or even a car might hit you. Against these possible risks, Swedish
designers have recently presented an interesting invention in Stockholm. It is a cycling
‘collar’ that 12) …………… around the neck with an airbag inside. If you think this is not
so fashionable, think about its benefits: When sensors in the device detect a crash, an
airbag instantly inflates around 13) …………… rider’s head to form a helmet, and this
may save you from a serious damage.

Up until now, the inventors of this collar 14) …………… a total of six years to develop the revolutionary device.
By 15) …………… hundreds of accidents with crash-test dummies and real riders, the team made sure that their
invention was 100% safe. The inventors said that 16) …………… a unique, mathematical method to distinguish the
movement patterns in crashes. The mechanism works like this: A small cylinder fills the airbag with helium gas in 0.1
seconds, while its special design never blocks the rider’s view, and lets him/her 17) …………… at all times. The airbag
stays filled with air 18) …………… several seconds, and at the time of an accident, this is usually enough for the rider
to protect himself/herself.

A rechargeable battery powers this innovative system. Technology plays its part, but what about fashion? In
the end, this is an accessory that riders would like to choose from different versions. One of the inventors of the collar,
Anna Haupt said, “The original colour that we designed is white, but we know that not everyone is a fan of white. These
riders 19) …………… buy the white version because we offer other colours like orange and blue, too. Currently, our
designer team 20) …………… even more colours and styles for the collar so that it can appeal to different preferences.”
If everything goes well, the Swedish company is thinking of designing a series of similar products for riders in the
coming years. First, they want to see if the collar will attract riders, and it will hopefully become a device that they will
frequently use.

12. a. wears b. is wearing c. is worn d. worn

13. a. a b. --- c. the d. some
14. a. have been spending b. have spent c. have been spent d. spend
15. a. creating b. create c. to create d. created
16. a. they had developed b. we had developed c. have they developed d. we have developed
17. a. seen b. to see c. see d. seeing
18. a. by b. with c. in d. for
19. a. had better b. don’t have to c. mustn’t d. can
20. a. has worked on b. was working on c. is going to work on d. is working on

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CLOSEST MEANING (5 pts.)

Choose the answer that has the closest meaning to the sentence given. (5x1=5 pts.)

21. Steve was not the only person who developed this marketing strategy; the director was
responsible for it, as well.
a. Nobody else was responsible for developing this marketing strategy other than Steve.
b. Either Steve or the director was responsible for developing this marketing strategy.
c. The director should be held responsible for this marketing strategy, not Steve.
d. The two people that developed this marketing strategy were the director and Steve.

22. Nobody will be admitted to the exam without an official ID.

a. Those who have an official ID will still not be permitted to sit the exam.
b. Unless they have an official ID, nobody will be admitted to the exam.
c. Even if you don’t have an official ID, you will be admitted to the exam.
d. People will be given an official ID when they are admitted to the exam.

23. Taking diet pills is not as effective as eating healthy and nutritious food to lose weight.
a. In order to lose weight, eating healthy and nutritious food is more effective than taking diet pills.
b. If you want to lose weight, you should take diet pills and eat healthy and nutritious food.
c. Eating healthy and nutritious food is as effective as taking diet pills to control your weight.
d. Both taking diet pills and eating healthy and nutritious food are effective to lose weight.

24. Considering her work experience, Julia is too qualified to work in such a low-level position.
a. Julia is so qualified that she works in a position where she can make use of her experience.
b. It’s a pity that Julia is working in a low-level position with such work experience.
c. Julia isn’t experienced enough to work in such a high-level position.
d. Because of her lack of experience, Julia has to work in this low-level position.

25. iPhone X didn’t meet the expectations of many consumers, yet it kept on selling more than all
the other phones in the market.
a. In spite of the consumer expectations, iPhone X continued to sell less than all the other phones in the
market.
b. People expected iPhone X to be better, but it wasn’t, and this affected the market sales negatively.
c. Although it failed to meet the expectations, iPhone X continued to be the best-selling phone in the
market.
d. Because many customers were highly satisfied, they kept on buying iPhone X instead of other phones.

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READING (17.5 pts.)

A. Read the text below and answer the questions that follow according to the text. (7x1.25=8.75 pts.)

IS TECHNOLOGY KILLING LEISURE TIME?

I. New surveys suggest that the technological tools we use to make our lives easier
are killing our leisure time. We are working longer hours, taking fewer and shorter
vacations (and when we do go away, we take our cell phones, and laptops along).
We are more stressed than ever because increased use of e-mail, voice mail, cell
phones, and the Internet are destroying any idea of privacy and leisure.

II. Since the Industrial Revolution, people have assumed that new time-and-effort-
saving devices would free them from the burdens of the workplace and give them
more time to grow intellectually, creatively, and socially – exploring the arts, keeping up with current events, spending
more time with friends and family, and even just “hanging around”. But here we are at the start of the 21st century,
enjoying one of the greatest technological boom times in human history, and nothing could be further from the
expectations. The tools that were supposed to make us independent have locked us to our work and study in ways that
we could have never imagined. Technology almost never does what we expect.

III. In “the old days,” the lines between work and leisure time were remarkably clearer. People left their offices at a
predictable time, were often completely disconnected from and out of touch with their jobs as they travelled to and
from work, and were off-duty once they were home. That is no longer true. In today’s highly competitive job market,
employers demand increased productivity, expecting workers to put in longer hours and keep in touch almost constantly
via cell phones, e-mail, or other communication devices. As a result, employees feel the need to check what’s going on
at the office, even on days off. They don’t only feel pressured to work at home but also catch up on everything
during their so-called free time. Workers work harder and longer, change their work tasks more frequently, and
have more and more reasons to worry about job security.

IV. Bosses, colleagues, and family members – lovers, friends and spouses too – expect immediate responses to voice
mail, e-mail and instant messages. Even college students have become bound to their PCs, smart phones and tablets
by an environment where faculty, friends, and other members of the college community do almost everything online.
Research on time that is spent even only on instant services would probably show shocking use as people are connected
24/7.

V. This isn’t what technology was supposed to be doing for us. New technologies, from genetic research to the Internet,
offer all sorts of benefits and opportunities. But when new tools make life more difficult and stressful rather than easier
and more meaningful – and we are, as a society, barely conscious of it – then something has gone seriously wrong,
both with our expectations for technology and our understanding of how it should benefit us.

26. According to paragraph I, it is TRUE that technology ………. .

a. enables us to save time in our leisure time
b. helps us have longer vacations
c. increases our level of stress due to overuse
d. encourages our privacy by killing leisure time

27. What is the main idea of paragraph II?

a. Although the opposite was expected, new communication tools have made our lives more dependent.
b. Thanks to the current technological tools, people can communicate more easily today than they did in the
past.
c. After the Industrial Revolution, technology has improved in such a way that we can benefit from
communication tools as much as we want.
d. As it was expected, current technology might be a burden for us as we are accessible all the time.

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28. What does “That” in paragraph III refer to?
a. work and leisure time
b. being in touch with their jobs
c. being off-duty when at home
d. travelling to and from work

29. What does the writer mean by “They don’t only feel pressured to work at home but also catch up
on everything during their so called free time” in paragraph III?
a. They feel relieved to work at home, but they can’t catch up on everything during their so-called free time
either.
b. They don’t feel pressured to work at home and they catch up on everything during their so-called free
time.
c. They feel pressured to work at home, yet they don’t catch up on everything during their so-called free
time.
d. They feel pressured to work at home and catch up on everything during their so-called free time.

30. According to paragraph IV, if research was done on instant services, it would show that ………. .
a. employers and co-workers use it the most
b. college students are forced to spend time on their PCs because of it
c. the time spent using instant messaging is stunning
d. it is only used for instant responses by many people

31. According to paragraph V ………. .

a. genetic research offers more benefits than other technologies
b. our society doesn't understand the disadvantages of technology
c. our expectations for technology matches up with the reality
d. life is more stressful due to the lack of new technologies

32. According to paragraph V, which of the following best describes the writer’s feelings about
technology?
a. satisfied
b. disappointed
c. eager
d. sarcastic

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B. Read the text below and answer the questions that follow according to the text. (7x1.25=8.75 pts.)

THE REAL MEMENTO MAN

I. Twenty three years ago, an everyday virus destroyed Clive Wearing's brain. In March
of 1985, Clive Wearing, a renowned English musician and musicologist in his mid-forties,
was struck by a brain infection that affected the parts of his brain, especially related to
memory. He was at the peak of his profession when he contracted the virus, and after
that, he was left with a memory span of only 10 seconds—the most devastating case of
amnesia ever recorded. New events and experiences were gone almost in the blink of
an eye. Now, all he can recall is music - and his wife, Deborah.

II. There are clearly many sorts of memory, and emotional memory is one of the deepest and least understood.
Wearing’s passionate relationship with Deborah has engraved itself in him so deeply in the areas of his brain that were
unaffected by the disease. The worst amnesia ever recorded could not erase it. According to reports from the BBC,
each time that Wearing sees his wife, he greets her with joy. This is because he generally believes that he has not seen
his beloved wife in years, even though she may have just left for a moment.

III. Amnesiacs cannot have direct knowledge of their own disease, but there may be ways for them to recognize it.
For example, they may understand it from the expressions on people’s faces when they have repeated something half
a dozen times. When they look down at their coffee cup and find that it is empty, or when they look at their own diary
and see sentences in their own handwriting but don’t remember writing them. Because they lack direct experiential
knowledge, amnesiacs have to make inferences. They can understand that they have been doing something,
or been somewhere, even though they cannot remember what or where. However, Clive Wearing’s condition is even
worse. Rather than making those plausible guesses, he always has the feeling of being “awakened,” from a deep sleep
just a few seconds ago.

IV. Clive Wearing cannot store any new memory of events or experience, and in addition, has lost most of his past
memories. So how does he retain his remarkable knowledge of music, his ability to read, play the piano and organ,
sing, and conduct a choir in the masterly way he did before he became ill? Dr Carsten Finke of Charite University
Hospital of Berlin had a similar patient with amnesia, who was also a musician and was affected by the same virus. Dr
Finke was shocked to see that the cellist's musical memory was largely undamaged. That’s why he was still able to play
his instrument perfectly well. According to Dr Finke and his colleagues, it seemed like musical memory was stored
independently from other types of memory.

V. One type of memory is “episodic memory” which is a conscious memory of important events, like the first kiss, or
the graduation day. On the other hand, “procedural memory” is unconscious memory of repetition, motor abilities, and
habits. It needs repetition, rehearsal and learning by practicing. Now aged 73, Clive Wearing is still able to read music
and play the piano and once even conducted his former choir again, but he cannot keep the memory of anything
important. Even worse, anything that happens or is said to him is forgotten immediately after 10 seconds. The birth of
his grandchildren was completely forgotten seconds after he was told the news.

VI. Still, his wife Deborah is glad that he remembers her and their mutual love, and that music is a wonderful pastime
for both of them. She says, "Music is a place where we can be together normally because while the music's going, he's
totally himself. He's totally normal. When the music stops, he falls back into this empty world.”

33. According to paragraph I, it is TRUE that ………. .

a. Wearing’s amnesia was worse than all the other cases
b. Wearing had already quit his profession when he got the virus
c. the virus caused Wearing to forget even his love of music and his wife
d. the virus that affected Wearing’s brain was extremely rare

34. According to paragraph III, one may recognize he/she has amnesia by ………. .
a. making inferences from other people’s reactions to his/her own actions
b. relying on his/her own face expressions and handwriting
c. reading the diaries of other people who wrote about him/her
d. repeating something at least a dozen times until he/she understands it
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35. Why does the writer give the example of Dr Finke’s case?
a. to demonstrate why the virus especially affects musicians like Wearing
b. to explain why Wearing’s musical abilities remained largely undamaged
c. to prove that every patient reacts differently to the same virus
d. to show amnesiacs the way to improve their musical abilities

36. According to paragraph V, Wearing cannot remember the birth of his grandchildren because
………. .
a. he lost his memory of the event all together with his motor abilities
b. he has never attached importance to such events throughout his life
c. his episodic memory was affected by the virus
d. he didn’t repeat the event enough in his procedural memory

37. The word “engraved” in paragraph II is closest in meaning to ………. .

a. deleted
b. concluded
c. placed
d. removed

38. What does “it” in paragraph II refer to?

a. Deborah’s emotional memory
b. his brain that was affected by the disease
c. the worst amnesia that was recorded
d. his relationship with Deborah

39. The author’s purpose in writing this text is to ………. .

a. warn the audience about the risks of dealing with music
b. show the existence of different memory types with an example
c. inform the reader about the effects of a virus on human health
d. criticize the musicians who do not care about their health

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PARAGRAPH COMPLETION (7.5 pts.)

Choose the correct answer that best completes the paragraph given. (6x1.25=7.5 pts.)

40. Nobody is quite sure what exactly happened to the Maya civilization. We know that, in 900 AD, their cities were
still prosperous, but a hundred years later, they were abandoned. A number of theories have been put forward
to explain this. One theory is that the Mayan ruling class died out because rulers did not work and so became
unhealthy, and there was nobody to tell the farmers what to do. ………………… . There are also those who
believe that a natural disaster, such as an earthquake, occurred, the cities were destroyed, and the people
never moved back. Finally, some people believe that the people abandoned their cities because their priests
told them to do it.

a. The Maya Empire, centred in the tropical lowlands of what is now Guatemala, reached the peak of its
power and influence around the sixth century A.D.
b. The second theory suggests that Mayan farmers began to expand their presence both in the highland
and lowland regions and displayed more advanced cultural traits like pyramid-building and city
construction
c. Another idea is that farmers were unable to grow enough food to support large populations in cities
d. The Mayan were deeply religious, and worshiped various gods related to nature, including the gods of
the Sun, the Moon, rain and corn

41. Even with the largest telescopes, it is very hard to see much detail on Mars. This was even worse in the past.
………………… . The lines joined greenish areas that looked as if they were covered with plants. The scientists
thought that the straight lines were canals built by Martians to carry water to their crops. However, spacecraft
pictures have shown that canals do not exist. There is no sign of any life - plants or intelligent Martians - on
the planet.

a. In the late 1800s, some scientists thought they could see straight lines crossing the planet's surface
b. Some scientists tried to improve the quality of the telescopes to see more of Mars and other planets
c. Therefore, it was necessary to send scientists to the planet to find out whether there was life on it or not
d. There is only one line that is visible through all telescopes, which you can learn to use through courses

42. Felis catus - domestic cat - has had a very long relationship with humans. Ancient Egyptians may have first
domesticated cats as early as 4,000 years ago. ………………… . The cats' skill in killing them may have first
earned the affectionate attention of humans. Early Egyptians worshipped a cat goddess and even mummified
their beloved pets for their journey to the next world—accompanied by mummified mice! Cultures around the
world later adopted cats as their own companions.

a. When they domesticated them, they started to feed them as their pets at home
b. In fact, cats have always been a little wild towards people that they do not know
c. Probably it was rats that helped to bring cats to human communities
d. In those days, cats were fed with meat which was specially prepared for them

43. You probably have never seen a fax machine, but they were quite popular in the ‘90s. Especially in state offices,
using fax machines helped to transfer official documents between different departments. Surprisingly, in many
offices, fax machines still exist but are rarely used. So how does a fax machine work? It works by scanning
each outgoing page, turning the image into a series of light and dark dots. This pattern is then translated into
audio tones, and sent over regular phone lines. The receiving fax "hears" the tones, pieces the grid together,
and prints the total number of dots. ………………… .

a. The idea of fax machines has been around for a long time
b. They sometimes created problems while sending documents to a phone number
c. The resulting document is a black and white copy of the original page
d. Its inventor finally managed to translate these symbols into images on paper

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44. ………………… . We hear only by means of the ears. If we are born deaf, or if an injury destroys some important
part of the hearing mechanism, then we cannot hear. Similarly, we taste only by means of the taste organs in
the mouth, and smell only with the organs of smell in the nose. Light from a vision is refracted within the eyes,
forming an image on each retina. Thus, injuries to the eyes or the optic nerve make it impossible for us to see.
Any damage to the sense organs affects our perception of the outside world.

a. Our primary knowledge of the world comes only through the sense organs
b. The intermediate frequencies give us the intermediate colours of blue-green and orange
c. The dependence of mind on body in a general way was obvious to everyone
d. The structure of a human brain is totally different from that of an animal

45. ………………… . It has been practiced all around the world since at least the Neolithic times. The practice of
tattoos has always had different meanings in various cultures. Decoration was the most common motive for
tattooing, and this is still valid today. Besides, in some cultures, tattoos served as identification of the person’s
status or rank within a society. For instance, the early Romans tattooed slaves, criminals, and war prisoners so
that they could easily recognize them in the society or in case they tried to escape.

a. Tattooing a body has always had a religious meaning

b. According to a survey, more women than men have tattoos
c. Tattooing is a form of permanent body modification
d. Earliest tattoos are thought to be made of ash

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LISTENING (25 pts.)

WHILE-LISTENING (12.5 pts.)

PART I: You are going to listen to a talk about the facilities at a leisure centre. You need to answer the
questions while you are listening to the talk. (5x1.25=6.25 pts.)

46. The speaker will NOT talk about ………. .

a. the description of the Park Hill Leisure Centre building
b. how to sign up for the online activities
c. the classes students can take
d. the teen programme

47. When does Steve’s football class take place?

a. on Thursday evening
b. on Monday evening
c. on Sunday afternoon
d. on Saturday afternoon

48. The roller-skating course will ………. .

a. be given by a champion for those over twenty-one
b. be for teenagers with no skating experience
c. be on Thursday
d. start at the end of this week

49. Which option is TRUE for the reception area of Park Hill Leisure Centre?
a. It is an open area.
b. It is behind the swimming pool.
c. It has dance studios inside.
d. It is very large.

50. Students should pay ………. yearly.

a. £ 0.60
b. £ 1.60
c. £ 16
d. £ 20

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PART II: You are going to listen to a lecture about nanotechnology. You need to answer the questions
while you are listening to the lecture. (5x1.25=6.25 pts.)

51. The science of nanotechnology usually deals with materials that ………. .
a. are bigger than centimetres
b. can be measured in meters
c. are invisible to the naked eye
d. never stop getting smaller

52. How many molecules can fit on the head of one pin?
a. 1 thousand
b. 1 million
c. 1 hundred million
d. 10 billion

53. The reason why nanotechnology is used in sunscreens is that ………. .

a. chemical compounds work better in that way
b. small particles are easily rubbed into the skin
c. level of protection from the sun decreases
d. larger particles caused skin cancer in the past

54. In the past, when people wore sunscreens, they had a white face because ………. .
a. sunscreens in the past were made of white materials
b. nanotechnology produced only large particles then
c. people usually forgot to blend them
d. large particles stayed on their skin

55. The purposes of using nanotechnology in clothing do NOT include ………. .

a. making warmer clothes
b. UV protection
c. stain resistance
d. repelling water

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NOTE-TAKING (12.5 pts.)

Below is the note-taking sheet for the note-taking part. Listen to the lecture and take notes.

NOTE-TAKING SHEET

Topic: Earth’s Oceans

 Introduction

1. Earth’s oceans

2. The layers of the oceans

 Layer I

 Layer II

 Layer III

 Layer IV

 Conclusion

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NOTE-TAKING QUESTIONS

Look at your notes about the lecture ‘Earth’s Oceans’ and answer the questions accordingly.
(10x1.25=12.5 pts.)

56. The lecture is mainly about ………. .

a. the connection between oceans
b. the main oceans of the world
c. marine life in the oceans
d. the zones of the ocean

57. The Antarctic Continent is surrounded by ………. .

a. the Arctic Ocean
b. the Atlantic Ocean
c. the Pacific Ocean
d. the Southern Ocean

58. What percentage of the planet’s surface is covered in ocean?

a. 80 %
b. 61 %
c. 71 %
d. 30 %

59. The first layer, called the surface layer, is the top ………. meters of the ocean.
a. 200 to 300
b. 100 to 200
c. 2000 to 3000
d. 1000 to 2000

60. The average temperature of ………. is 15 degrees Celcius.

a. the middle ocean layer
b. the Twilight zone
c. the surface layer
d. the average layer

61. No plants can grow in the Twilight zone because ………. .

a. there is not enough light
b. the temperature is low
c. there is a great diversity of fish
d. there are some bizarre animals

62. The only visible light in the Midnight zone is produced by ………. .
a. the sun
b. the people
c. some fish
d. some plants

63. The name of the fourth layer of the ocean is ………. .

a. Ebys
b. Abiss
c. Abyss
d. Ebiss

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64. In every 10 meters we go down in the ocean, how much does the pressure increase per square
centimetre?
a. one kilogram
b. ten kilograms
c. six-hundred kilograms
d. one hundred kilograms

65. The overall tone of the lecture is ………. .

a. informative and formal
b. sarcastic and technical
c. scientific and persuasive
d. light and imaginative

- - THIS IS THE END OF THE TEST - -

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