Designation: E 534 – 08

Standard Test Methods for

Chemical Analysis of Sodium Chloride1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 534; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* for production of many sodium compounds and chlorine. The

1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analyses usually methods listed in 1.2 provide procedures for analyzing sodium
required for sodium chloride. chloride to determine if it is suitable for its intended use.
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following sec- 4. Reagents
tions:
Section
4.1 Purity of Reagents—Unless otherwise indicated, it is
Sample Preparation 5 to 9 intended that all reagents should conform to the specifications
Moisture 10 to 16 of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American
Water Insolubles 17 to 24
Calcium and Magnesium 25 to 31
Chemical Society, where such specifications are available.3
Sulfate 32 to 38 4.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
Reporting of Analyses 39 to 41 to water shall be understood to mean Type II or III reagent
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as water conforming to Specification D 1193.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
SAMPLE PREPARATION
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5. Scope
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.1 This test method covers preparation of a sample that will
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- be as representative as possible of the entire bulk quantity. The
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- results of any analysis pertain only to the sample used.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 Review the current material safety data sheets (MSDS) 6. Apparatus
for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid proce- 6.1 Coarse Grinder.
dures, handling, and safety precautions. 6.2 High-Speed Blender.
2. Referenced Documents 6.3 Oven.
6.4 Riffle Sampler.
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 6.5 Scale.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E 180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM 7. Reagents
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe- 7.1 Hydrochloric Acid, Standard (1 meq/mL HCl)—Prepare
cialty Chemicals and standardize in accordance with Practice E 200.
E 200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Stor-
age of Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical 8. Rock and Solar Salt Stock Solutions
Analysis 8.1 Mix and split sample to 500 g, using the riffle sampler.
3. Significance and Use 8.2 If sample appears wet, dry at 110°C for 2 h.
8.3 Grind the sample to −8 mesh in the coarse grinder.
3.1 Sodium chloride occurs in nature in almost unlimited 8.4 Mix ground sample well and weigh out a 25.0-g
quantities. It is a necessary article of diet as well as the source representative portion for rock salt or 50.0 g for solar salt.
8.5 Place 200 mL of water in the high-speed blender and
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E15 on start at low speed.
Industrial and Specialty Chemicals and are under the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E15.02 on Product Standards.
3
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , American
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 534 – 98(2003). Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
the ASTM website. MD.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
--`,,,,``,``,,,,,,`,`,,,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
1Licensee=Ohio State University/5967164005
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 03/02/2012 21:09:04 MST
 E 534 – 08
TABLE 1 Precision for Moisture Method
Repeatability Laboratory Precision Reproducibility
Standard Degrees of 95 % Limit, % Standard Degrees of 95 % Limit, % Standard Degrees of 95 % Limit, %
Level, %
Deviation, % Freedom Deviation, % Freedom Deviation, % Freedom
0.003 to 0.0014 36 0.004 0.00223 18 0.006 0.00322 8 0.009
0.004
0.025 to 0.0071 60 0.02 0.00428 30 0.01 0.0138 9 0.04
0.035

8.6 Slowly add the salt sample to the high-speed blender B = mass of sample, g.
and blend for 5 min.
8.7 Test for water insolubles as described in Sections 17-24. 15. Report
8.8 Save filtrate from water insolubles test and dilute in a 15.1 Report the moisture content to the nearest 0.001 %.
volumetric flask to 1 L with water as a stock solution for
subsequent analyses. 16. Precision and Bias
16.1 The following criteria should be used in judging the
9. Evaporated and Purified Salt Stock Solutions acceptability of results (Note 1):
9.1 Mix and split the sample to 100 g for evaporated salt, or 16.1.1 Repeatability (Single Analyst)—The standard devia-
200 g for purified evaporated salt. tion for a single determination has been estimated to be the
9.2 Transfer to a 1-L volumetric flask. percent absolute values shown in Table 1 at the indicated
9.3 Add 800 mL of water and allow the salt to dissolve. degrees of freedom. The 95 % limit for the difference between
9.4 Add 2 mL of concentrated HCl to dissolve any water two such runs is the percent absolute values in Table 1.
insoluble calcium salts, particularly calcium carbonate. 16.1.2 Laboratory precision (Within-Laboratory, Between-
9.5 Dilute to volume with water and use as a stock solution Days Variability)—The standard deviation of results (each the
for subsequent analyses. average of duplicates), obtained by the same analyst on
different days, has been estimated to be the percent absolute
MOISTURE values shown in Table 1 at the indicated degrees of freedom.
The 95 % limit for the difference between two such averages is
10. Scope
the percent absolute values in Table 1.
10.1 This test method determines free moisture in the salt 16.1.3 Reproducibility (Multilaboratory)—The standard de-
over a concentration range from 0.00 to 0.04 %. It does not viation of results (each the average of duplicates), obtained by
determine occluded moisture trapped within the salt crystals. analysts in different laboratories, has been estimated to be
The procedure is based on weight loss after a sample is heated percent absolute values shown in Table 1. The 95 % limit for
to volatize moisture. the difference between two such averages is the percent
absolute values in Table 1.
11. Apparatus
11.1 Analytical Balance. NOTE 1—The preceding precision statements are based on an interlabo-
ratory study performed around 1975 on five samples of sodium chloride
11.2 Desiccator. containing covering the ranges of moisture in Table 1. One analyst in each
11.3 Oven. of ten laboratories performed duplicate determinations and repeated them
on a second day.4 Practice E 180 was used in developing these precision
12. Procedure, Rock and Solar Salt estimates.
12.1 Weigh 100 g of salt to the nearest 0.05 g into a 16.2 Bias—The bias of this test method has not been
previously dried and tared moisture dish. determined due to the unavailability of suitable reference
12.2 Dry at 110°C for 2 h. materials.
12.3 Cool in a desiccator and weigh.
WATER INSOLUBLES
13. Procedure, Evaporated and Purified Evaporated Salt
13.1 Weigh 20 g of salt to the nearest 0.001 g into a 17. Scope
previously dried and weighed glass weighing bottle and cover. 17.1 This gravimetric method determines only the amount
13.2 Dry at 110°C for 2 h. of insolubles present in sodium chloride which will not
13.3 Cool in a desiccator, replace cover, and weigh. dissolve in water.

14. Calculation 18. Apparatus

14.1 Calculate the percentage of moisture as follows: 18.1 Analytical Balance.
A
18.2 Desiccator.
moisture, mass ~m/m! % 5 B 3 100 (1) 18.3 Magnetic Stirrer with Stirring Bar.

where: 4
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
A = loss of mass on drying, g, and be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: E15–1052.
--`,,,,``,``,,,,,,`,`,,,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
2Licensee=Ohio State University/5967164005
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 03/02/2012 21:09:04 MST
 E 534 – 08
TABLE 2 Precision for Water Insolubles Method
Repeatability Reproducibility
Degrees Degrees
Coefficient of Variation, Coefficient of Variation,
Level, % of 95 % Limit, % relative of 95 % Limit, % relative
% relative % Relative
Freedom Freedom
0.002 to 0.005 22.0 20 62 91.7 9 257
0.01 to 0.04 21.9 18 61 42.2 8 118
0.15 to 0.35 22.0 20 62 20.5 9 57

18.4 Parabella Filter Funnel Assembly,5 1000-mL, or its 22. Calculation

equivalent with 0.3-µm glass fiber filter disk.
22.1 Calculate the percentage of water insolubles as fol-
lows:
19. Reagents
A
19.1 Silver Nitrate, Standard Solution, 0.1 meq/mL insolubles, % mass ~m/m! 5 B 3 100 (2)
AgNO3—Prepare and standardize in accordance with Practice
E 200. where:
A = increase in mass of filter disk, g, and
20. Procedure, Rock and Solar Salts B = sample mass, g.
20.1 Transfer a sample prepared in accordance with 8.1 to
8.6 to a 1-L Erlenmeyer flask, washing out the blender with 23. Report
100 mL of water. Add 300 mL of water to give a total of 600 23.1 Report the percentage of water insolubles to the nearest
mL of water added. percentage shown as follows:
20.2 Stir on a magnetic stirrer for 1 h. Adjust the stirrer Range, % Report to, %
speed to give maximum agitation without danger of losing any 0.002 to 0.005 0.001
sample due to splashing. Place a beaker over top of the flask 0.01 to 0.04 0.01
0.15 to 0.35 0.01
while stirring.
20.3 Filter the solution by vacuum through a previously
24. Precision and Bias
dried (110°C for 1 h) and accurately weighed filter disk using
the Parabella funnel. Transfer all insolubles to the paper and 24.1 The following criteria should be used in judging the
wash free of chlorides with water until the filtrate shows no acceptability of results (Note 2):
turbidity when tested with 0.1 meq/mL AgNO3 solution. 24.1.1 Repeatability (Single Analyst)—The coefficient of
20.4 Dilute filtrate and washings to 1 L with water in variation for a single determination has been estimated to be
volumetric flask. the percent relative values shown in Table 2 at the indicated
20.5 Dry the filter disk at 110°C for 1 h. degrees of freedom. The 95 % limit for the difference between
20.6 Cool in a desiccator and weigh the disk on an analyti- two such runs is percent relative values shown in Table 2.
cal balance.
20.7 Save the filtrate for subsequent analyses. 24.1.2 Laboratory Precision (Within-Laboratory, Between-
Days Variability)—The coefficient of variation of results (each
21. Procedure, Evaporated and Purified Evaporated Salts the average of duplicates), obtained by the same analyst on
different days, has been estimated to be 23.5 % relative at 57
21.1 Place a well mixed sample in a 2-L beaker. Use 100-g df. The 95 % limit for the difference between two such
sample for evaporated or 200 g for purified evaporated salt.
averages is 66 % relative.
21.2 Add 750 mL of water.
21.3 Mix with a mechanical stirrer until solution is com- 24.1.3 Reproducibility (Multilaboratory)—The coefficient
plete. of variation of results (each the average of duplicates), ob-
21.4 Filter the solution by vacuum through a previously tained by analysts in different laboratories, has been estimated
dried (110°C for 1 h) and accurately weighed filter disk using to be percent relative values shown in Table 2 at the indicated
the Parabella funnel. Transfer all insolubles to the paper and degrees of freedom. The 95 % limit for the difference between
wash free of chlorides with water until the filtrate shows no two such averages is percent relative values shown in Table 2.
turbidity when tested with 0.1 meq/mL AgNO3 solution.
NOTE 2—The preceding precision statements are based on an interlabo-
21.5 Dry the filter disk at 110°C for 1 h. ratory study performed around 1975 on six samples of sodium chloride
21.6 Cool in a desiccator and weigh on an analytical covering the ranges of water insolubles in Table 2. One analyst in each of
balance. ten laboratories performed duplicate determinations and repeated them on
21.7 Dilute the filtration and washings to 1 L with water in a second day.4 Practice E 180 was used in developing these precision
a volumetric flask and reserve for subsequent analyses. estimates.
--`,,,,``,``,,,,,,`,`,,,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

24.2 Bias—The bias of this test method has not been

determined due to the unavailablility of suitable reference
5
Fisher Scientific No. 9-730-200 has been found satisfactory. materials.

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
3Licensee=Ohio State University/5967164005
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 03/02/2012 21:09:04 MST
 E 534 – 08
CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM TABLE 3 Stock Solutions (Calcium and Magnesium)
Stock Solution Aliquot, mL
25. Scope Kansas rock salt 10
25.1 This test method covers the EDTA titrimetric determi- Northern rock salt 25
Southern rock salt 50
nation of calcium and magnesium and the EDTA titrimetric Evaporated salt 50
determination of calcium. The magnesium content is deter- Purified salt 200
mined by difference. Solar salt 100

26. Apparatus
26.1 Magnetic Stirrer with Stirring Bar. 28. Procedure
28.1 Using Table 3 as a guide, pipet two aliquots of stock
27. Reagents solution into 400-mL beakers to give a titer between 2 and 10
27.1 Eriochrome Black T Indicator Solution, Hydroxy mL of standard EDTA solution. One aliquot is used to
Naphthol Blue, or its equivalent. determine total calcium and magnesium and the other for
27.2 Murexide (Ammonium Purpurate) Indicator Solution, calcium.
or its equivalent. 28.2 Dilute to 200 mL with water, if necessary, and place on
27.3 EDTA Standard Solution (1 mL = 0.400 mg calcium)— magnetic stirrer.
Dissolve 4.0 g of disodium dihydrogen ethylene diaminetet- 28.3 Total Calcium and Magnesium:
raacetate (EDTA) in 1 L of water. Standardize this solution 28.3.1 Add 5 mL of buffer solution, 1 mL of KCN solution,
against a standard calcium solution prepared by dissolving and a sufficient amount of Eriochrome Black T Indicator
1.000 g of CaCO3 and 2 mL of HCl in water and diluting to 1 Solution or its equivalent.
L with water in a volumetric flask. Obtain an exact factor for 28.3.2 Titrate with standard EDTA solution to a true blue
the EDTA solution. This factor is equal to the milligrams of color.
calcium equivalent to 1.00 mL of EDTA solution. See Practice 28.3.3 Record the millilitres used as Titration 1 (T1).
E 200. 28.4 Calcium Only:
W 28.4.1 Add 2 mL of KOH solution, 1 mL of KCN solution
factor 5 V (3) to the other aliquot in 28.1 and 28.2, and stir for about 2 min
to precipitate magnesium.
where: 28.4.2 Add a sufficient amount of murexide solution or an
W = calcium in aliquot, mg, and equivalent calcium indicator solution.

--`,,,,``,``,,,,,,`,`,,,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
V = EDTA solution required for titration, mL. 28.4.3 Titrate with standard EDTA solution to a true blue
27.4 Ammonium Chloride–Ammonium Hydroxide color.
Solution—Add 67.5 g of ammonium chloride (NH 4Cl) to 570 28.4.4 Record the millilitres used as Titration 2 (T2).
mL of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) contained in a 1-L
volumetric flask. Reserve this solution for use as described in 29. Calculation
27.6 and 27.7. 29.1 Calculate the mass percent of calcium as follows:
27.5 Potassium Cyanide Solution (50 g/L)—Dissolve 50 g
of potassium cyanide (KCN) in water and dilute to 1 L with ~T2! ~factor! ~0.1!
Ca, % mass ~m/m! 5 S (4)
water. Store in a borosilicate glass bottle. (Warning—
Potassium cyanide is extremely poisonous.) where:
27.6 Magnesium Sulfate Solution (2.5 g/L)—Dissolve 2.5 g T2 = EDTA used to titrate calcium only, mL.
of MgSO4·7H2O in water and dilute to volume with water in a S = mass of salt in aliquot, g.
1-L volumetric flask. Determine the volume of EDTA solution 29.1.1 See 27.3 for factor.
equivalent to 50 mL of MgSO4 solution as follows: Pipet 50 29.2 Calculate the mass percent of magnesium as follows:
mL of MgSO4 solution into a 400-mL beaker. Add 200 mL of
~T1 2 T2! ~factor! ~0.6064! ~0.1!
water and 2 mL of NH4Cl:NH4OH solution (27.4). Add 1 mL Mg, % mass ~m/m!5 S (5)
of KCN solution and a sufficient amount of Eriochrome Black
T Indicator solution or its equivalent. Titrate the solution with where:
EDTA solution while stirring with a magnetic stirrer to the true T1 = EDTA used to titrate total calcium and magnesium,
blue end point. This gives the volume of EDTA solution S = mass of salt in aliquot, g.
equivalent to 50.0 mL of MgSO4 solution.
27.7 Buffer Solution—Pipet 50 mL of MgSO4 solution into 30. Report
the volumetric flask containing the remaining NH4Cl·NH4OH 30.1 Report the percentage of calcium to the nearest
solution (27.4). Add the exact volume of EDTA solution 0.001 %. Report the percentage of magnesium to the nearest
equivalent to 50 mL of the MgSO4 solution. Dilute to 1 L with 0.001 %.
water. Store the solution in a polyethylene bottle.
27.8 Potassium Hydroxide Solution (600 g/L)—Dissolve 31. Precision and Bias
150 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in 250 mL of water. Cool 31.1 The following criteria should be used in judging the
and store in a polyethylene bottle. acceptability of calcium results (Note 3):

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
4Licensee=Ohio State University/5967164005
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 03/02/2012 21:09:04 MST
 E 534 – 08
TABLE 4 Precision for Magnesium Method
Repeatability Laboratory Precision Reproducibility
Standard Degrees of 95 % Limit, % Standard Degrees of 95 % Limit, % Standard Degrees of 95 % Limit, %
Range, %
Deviation, % Freedom Deviation, % Freedom Deviation, % Freedom
0.001 to 0.00071 56 0.002 0.00066 28 0.002 0.00147 8 0.004
0.003
0.02 to 0.0035 52 0.010 0.033 26 0.092 0.0042 8 0.012
0.025

31.1.1 Repeatability (Single Analyst)—The coefficient of 31.2.4 Bias—The bias of this test method has not been
variation for a single determination has been estimated to be determined due to the unavailability of suitable reference
3.56 % relative at 100 df. The 95 % limit for the difference materials.
between two such runs is 10 % relative.
31.1.2 Laboratory Precision (Within-Laboratory, Between- SULFATE
Days Variability)—The coefficient of variation of results (each
the average of duplicates), obtained by the same analyst on 32. Scope
different days, has been estimated to be 6.34 % relative at 40 32.1 This test method covers the gravimetric determination
df. The 95 % limit for the difference between two such of the sulfate content of sodium chloride.
averages is 18 % relative.
31.1.3 Reproducibility (Multilaboratory)—The coefficient 33. Apparatus
of variation of results (each the average of duplicates), ob-
tained by analysts in different laboratories, has been estimated 33.1 Gooch Asbestos Slurry.
to be 9.82 % relative at 7 df. The 95 % limit for the difference 33.2 Gooch Filtering Crucible and Holder.
between two such averages is 28 % relative. 33.3 Muffle Furnace.
33.4 Oven.
--`,,,,``,``,,,,,,`,`,,,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

NOTE 3—The preceding precision statements are based on an interlabo-

ratory study performed around 1975 on five samples of sodium chloride
34. Reagents
covering the range from 0.036 to 0.909 % calcium. One analyst in each of
eight laboratories performed duplicate determinations and repeated them 34.1 Barium Chloride Solution (120 g BaCl2 2H2O/L)—
on a second day.4 Practice E 180 was used in developing these precision Dissolve 120 g of barium chloride dihydrate in about 750 mL
estimates. of water, filter, and dilute to 1 L.6
31.1.4 Bias—The bias of this test method has not been 34.2 Hydrochloric Acid Standard Solution (1 meq/mL
determined due to the unavailability of suitable reference HCl)—Prepare and standardize in accordance with Practice
materials. E 200.
31.2 The following criteria should be used in judging the 34.3 Methyl Orange Indicator Solution (1 g/L)—Dissolve
acceptability of magnesium results (Note 4): 0.1 g of methyl orange in 100 mL of water and filter if
31.2.1 Repeatability (Single Analyst)—The standard devia- neccessary.6
tion for a single determination has been estimated to be percent
absolute values shown in Table 4 at the indicated degrees of 35. Procedure
freedom. The 95 % limit for the difference between two such 35.1 Using Table 5 as a guide, pipet the recommended
runs is the percent absolute values shown in Table 4. aliquot of stock solution into a 400-mL beaker.
31.2.2 Laboratory Precision (Within-Laboratory, Between- 35.2 Dilute to 200 mL, add a few drops of methyl orange
Days Variability)—The standard deviation of results (each the indicator solution and acidify with 1 mL of HCl (1 + 1) if
average of duplicates), obtained by the same analyst on necessary.
different days, has been estimated to be the percent absolute 35.3 Heat solution gently to boiling and add 10 mL of BaCl2
values shown in Table 4 at the indicated degrees of freedom. solution dropwise while stirring.
The 95 % limit for the difference between two such averages is 35.4 Digest on a hot plate below the boiling point for 30
the percent absolute values shown in Table 4. min.
31.2.3 Reproducibility (Multilaboratory)—The standard de- 35.5 Cool overnight.
viation of results (each the average of duplicates), obtained by 35.6 Filter through a tared Gooch crucible previously pre-
analysts in different laboratories, has been estimated to be the pared with an asbestos mat and ignited in a muffle furnace at
percent absolute values shown in Table 4 at the indicated 800°C for 30 min. Transfer all the precipitate to the crucible
degrees of freedom. The 95 % limit for the difference between with a rubber policeman. Wash with portions of hot water until
two such averages is the percent absolute values shown in washings are free of chlorides.
Table 4. 35.7 Dry the crucible at 110°C for 15 min, then ignite in a
NOTE 4—The preceding precision statements are based on an interlabo- muffle furnace at 800°C for 30 min.
ratory study performed around 1975 on six samples of sodium chloride 35.8 Cool in a desiccator and reweigh.
covering the ranges of magnesium given in Table 4. One analyst in each
of ten laboratories performed duplicate determinations and repeated them
on a second day.4 Practice E 180 was used in developing these precision
6
estimates. This reagent is also described in Practice E 200.

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
5Licensee=Ohio State University/5967164005
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 03/02/2012 21:09:04 MST
 E 534 – 08
TABLE 5 Stock Solutions (Sulfate) 38.1.4 Bias—The bias of this test method has not been
Stock Solution Aliquot, mL determined due to the unavailability of suitable reference
Rock salt 40 materials.
Evaporated salt 100
Purified evaporated salt 200 REPORTING OF ANALYSES
Solar salt 100
39. Scope
39.1 Analyses should be reported on a dry basis. If analyses
are on an as received sample, correction should be made by
36. Calculation converting to a dry basis. Sodium chloride purity is determined
36.1 Calculate percentage of sulfate as follows: by subtracting the total percentage of impurities from 100.
Moisture should be reported as a separate value.
A
sulfate, % mass ~m/m! 5 B 3 0.4115 3 100 (6) 40. Procedure
40.1 Convert sulfate to calcium sulfate and the unused
where:
calcium to calcium chloride unless the sulfate in sample
A = mass of precipitate, g, and
B = mass of salt in aliquot, g. exceeds the quantity necessary to combine with the calcium. In
this case, convert the calcium to calcium sulfate and the unused
sulfate first to magnesium sulfate, and the remaining sulfate, if
37. Report
any, to sodium sulfate. Convert the unused magnesium to
37.1 Report the percentage of sulfate to the nearest 0.001 %. magnesium chloride.
40.2 Report rock and solar salt impurities to the second
38. Precision and Bias decimal place and salt purity, by difference, to the first decimal
38.1 The following criteria should be used in judging the place.
acceptability of results (Note 5): 40.3 Report evaporated salt impurities to the third decimal
38.1.1 Repeatability (Single Analyst)—The coefficient of place and salt purity, by difference, to the second decimal
variation for a single determination has been estimated to be place.
7.14 % relative at 120 df. The 95 % limit for the difference 40.4 Report purified salt impurities to the fourth decimal
between two such runs is 20 % relative. place and salt purity, by difference, to the third decimal place.
38.1.2 Laboratory Precision (Within-Laboratory, Between- 41. Conversion Factors
Days Variability)—The coefficient of variation of results (each BaSO4 3 0.4116 = SO4
the average of duplicates), obtained by the same analyst on BaSO4 3 0.5832 = CaSO4
different days, has been estimated to be 8.03 % relative at 60 BaSO4 3 0.6086 = Na2SO4
Ca 3 3.3967 = CaSO4
df. The 95 % limit for the difference between two such Ca 3 0.6064 = Mg
averages is 22 % relative. CaSO4 3 0.2944 = Ca
CaSO4 3 0.8153 = CaCl2
38.1.3 Reproducibility (Multilaboratory)—The coefficient CaSO4 3 0.8842 = MgSO4
of variation of results (each the average of duplicates), ob- CaSO4 3 1.0434 = Na2SO4
tained by the same analyst in different laboratories, has been Mg 3 3.9173 = MgCl2
MgCl2 3 1.4296 = CaSO4
estimated to be 8.01 % relative at 9 df. The 95 % limit for the MgCl2 3 1.2641 = MgSO4
difference between two such averages is 22 % relative. MgSO4 3 1.4299 = CaSO4
MgSO4 3 1.1311 = MgCl2
NOTE 5—The preceding precision statements are based on an interlabo- MgSO4 3 1.1800 = Na2SO4
ratory study performed around 1975 on six samples of sodium chloride SO4 3 1.4173 = CaSO4
covering the range from 0.016 to 2.030 % sulfate. One analyst in each of
42. Keywords
ten laboratories performed duplicate determinations and repeated them on
a second day. Practice E 180 was used in developing these precision 42.1 calcium; evaporated salt; magnesium; moisture; puri-
estimates. fied salt; rock salt; sodium chloride; sulfate; water insolubles

--`,,,,``,``,,,,,,`,`,,,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
6Licensee=Ohio State University/5967164005
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 03/02/2012 21:09:04 MST
 E 534 – 08
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Subcommittee E15.02 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(E 534-98(2003)) that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) Updated units of measure to comply with the International units are to be considered standard.
System of Units (SI). (3) Added Summary of Changes section.
(2) Added numbered paragraph in Scope stating that the SI

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).

--`,,,,``,``,,,,,,`,`,,,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
7Licensee=Ohio State University/5967164005
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 03/02/2012 21:09:04 MST