Solution

Class 12 - Mathematics

Class -12
Section A
1. (b) symmetric only
Explanation: ∴  R is symmetric as (a,b) ∈  R ⇒ (b,a) ∈ R

2. (a) Z has no maximum value

Explanation: Objective function is Z = - x + 2 y ……………………(1).
The given constraints are : x ≥ 3, x + y ≥ 5, x + 2y ≥ 6, y ≥ 0.
Corner points Z =  - x + 2y

D(6,0 )       -6

A(4,1) -2

B(3,2) 1
Here, the open half plane has points in common with the feasible region.
Therefore, Z has no maximum value.
n!
3. (a)
(n−r)!

d
Explanation: {x
n
− a1 x
n−1
+ a2 x
n−2 n
+ … . +(−1) an } e
x n
= x e
x

dx
x n−1 n−2 n−3 p−1 n n−1 n−2 n
⇒ e (nx − a1 (n − 1)x + a2 (n − 2)x + … + (−1) an−1 + x − a1 x + a2 x + … + (−1) an ) = x
x
e
x n n−1 n−2 n−3 n x
⇒ e (x + (n − a1 ) x − (a1 (n − 1) − a2 ) x + (a2 (n − 2) − a3 ) x − …) = x e

On comparing both sides we get

n - a1 = 0
⇒  a1 = n
a1 (n - 1) - a2 = 0
⇒  a2 = a1 (n - 1) = n (n - 1)
a2 (n - 2) - a3 = 0
⇒  a3 = a2 (n - 2) = n (n - 1) (n - 2)
n!
So, ar = n (n - 1) (n - 2) ... (n - (r - 1) ) = 
(n−r)!

4. (d) 0
∣ sin(A + B + C ) sin B cos C ∣
∣ ∣
Explanation: ∣ − sin B 0 tan A ∣   
∣ ∣
∣ cos(A + B) − tan A 0 ∣

∣ sin(π) sin B cos C ∣

∣ ∣
⇒ ∣ − sin B 0 tan A ∣  
∣ ∣
∣ cos(π − C ) − tan A 0 ∣

∣ 0 sin B cos C ∣
∣ ∣
⇒ − sin B 0 tan A  
∣ ∣
∣ − cos C − tan A 0 ∣

Now expanding along R1

⇒ 0 − sin B(0 + tan A cos C ) + cos C (tan A sin B − 0)  
⇒ − tan A sin B cos C + tan A sin B cos C = 0

5. (a) Minimum value = 2

Explanation:
Corner points Z = 4x + y

(0, 2 ) 2

(0,3) 3

(2,1) 9
Hence the minimum value is 2
1
6. (c)
6
x
Explanation: f(x) = 2
4+x+x

1/9
 2
4−x
⇒ f'(x) = 2
2
(4+x+x )

For a local maxima or minima,

f'(x) = 0
2
4−x

2
=0
2
(4+x+x )

⇒ x = ± 2 ∈ [-1, 1]
1
f(1) = >0
6
−1
f(-1) = <0
4
1
⇒ is the maximum value.
6

1
7. (c)
2

Explanation: We know that A × A-1 = I

2x 0 1 0 1 0
( )( ) = ( )
x x −1 2 0 1

2x × 1 + 0 × (−1) 2x × 0 + 0 × 2 1 0
( ) = ( )
x × 1 + x × (−1) x × 0 + x × 2x 0 1

2x 0 1 0
( ) = ( )
0 2x 0 1

To satisfy the above condition 2x = 1

1
x =
2

8. (a) Increasing in (0, 1)

x
Explanation: ⇒ f (x) =
sin x

Now see
In (0, 1) sin x increasing and cos x is decreasing
sin x - x cos x will be increasing,we get
∴ f(x) is increasing in (0, 1)

9. (d) (2, 5)
Explanation: Z=4x+3y
1. (0,8)=24
2.(2,5)=8+15=23
3.(4,3)=16+9=25
4. (9,0)=36+0=36
The correct answer is (2, 5) as it gives the minimum value. 
10. (d) a unit matrix
1 0 0 1 0 0
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

Explanation: To find: A2 = A ×  A = ⎢ 0 1 0 ⎥× ⎢0 1 0 ⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
a b −1 a b −1

1+ 0+ 0 0+ 0+ 0 0+ 0+ 0 1 0 0
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
= ⎢ 0 + 0 + 0 0+ 1+ 0 0+ 0+ 0 ⎥ = ⎢0 1 0⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
a+ 0− a 0+ b− b 0+ 0+ 1 0 0 1

As the main diagonal elements are 1 except other which are 0.

Which is the required solution.
11. (d) {x = nπ : n ∈ Z}
Explanation: We have f(x) = cot x is continuous in R − {nπ : n ∈ Z}
cos x
Since, f(x) = cot x =  [since, sin x = 0 at nπ, n ∈ Z ]
sin x

Hence, f(x) = cot x is discontinuous on the set {x = nπ : n ∈ Z}

q
12. (d) p = 2

Explanation: We have Z = px + qy , At ( 3, 0 ) Z = 3p ……………………………….(1)

At ( 1 , 1) Z = p + q …………………………(2) Therefore , from (1) and (2) : We have : p = q/2 .
13. (d) 12
Explanation: We have, y = -x3 + 3x2 + 9x - 27
dy
∴
dx
 = -3x2 + 6x + 9 = Slope of the curve
2
d y
And  2
 = -6x + 6 = -6(x - 1)
dx
2
d y

2
= 0 ⇒ 6(x − 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 1
dx
3
d y
Now,  3
 = -6 < 0
dx

2/9
 So, the slope is maximum when x = 1
dy
∴ (
dx
)  = -3.12 + 6.1 + 9 = 12 
(x=1)

14. (d) a = 0, b = 0, c ϵ R
Explanation: Given that f(x) = a |sinx| + b e|x| + c|x3| and f(x) is differentiable at x = 0.
⇒ LHD = RHD at x = 0.
f (x)−f (0) f (x)−f (0)
⇒ lim = lim
− x−0 + x−0
x→0 x→0

f (0−h)−f (0) f (0+h)−f (0)

⇒ lim = lim
0−h−0 0+h−0
h→0 h→0
h 3 h 3
− asin(−h)+be −ch −b asin(h)+be +ch −b
⇒ lim = lim
0−h 0+h
h→0
h 2 h 2
acosh+be +3 ch a cosh +be +3 ch
⇒ lim = lim
−1 h→0
h→0

By L’Hospital Rule,
⇒ -(a + b) = a + b

⇒ -2(a + b) = 0

⇒ a + b = 0

This is the value for all c ∈ R

15. (b) – tan x
dy

dy 2

Explanation: Let y = sin3x and z = cos3x, then ,

3 sin x cos x
.
dx
= dz
= 2
= − tan x
dz 3 cos x(− sin x)
dx

Which is the required solution.

1
16. (a) (− 2 , 0)
Explanation: The given equation of curve is y = e2x
dy
2x
∴ = 2⋅e
dx

dy
∴ ( ) = 2⋅e
2⋅0
 = 2 = Slope of tangent to the curve
dx
(0,1)

So, Equation of tangent is y - 1 = 2(x - 0)

or y = 2x + 1
Above tangent line meets the x-axis, at y = 0
1
∴ x = −
2

−1
So, the required point is ( 2
, 0)

−b
17. (d) a

Explanation: x = a.cos2θ  ,we get

dx
∴ = −2 acos θ ⋅ sin θ
dθ
dθ −1
⇒ =
dx 2a⋅cos θ⋅sin θ

y = b.sin2θ  ,we get

dy
∴ = 2b sin θ ⋅ cos θ
dθ
dy dy dθ
⇒ = ×
dx dθ dx
dy −1
⇒ = 2b sin θ ⋅ cos θ ×
dx 2 acos θ⋅sin θ
dy −b
⇒ =
dx a

2
18. (b) 5

Explanation: Given,
2
cos(sin −1 5
+ cos
−1
x)  = 0

sin-1  + cos-1
2
Let, 5
x = θ
So, cos θ = 0 … (1)
Principal value branch of cos-1 x is [0, π] … (2)
π
Also, we know that cos  = 0… (3)
2

From (1), (2) and (3), we have

π
θ =
2

But θ  = sin-1  5  + cos-1 x

2

So,
sin-1 5  + cos-1 x=  2
2 π

π
We know that sin-1 x+ cos-1 x=  , for all x ∈  [-1, 1]
2

3/9
 As, sin-1 5  + cos-1 x=  2
2 π

2
So, x = 
5

19. (d) 1
2x
Explanation: Let u = tan
−1
2
1−x

put x = tan θ ⇒ θ = tan

−1
x

−1 2 tan θ
⇒ u = tan ( 2
)
1−tan θ

−1
⇒ u = tan (tan 2θ)

⇒ u = 2θ

⇒  u = 2 tan-1x
du 2
⇒ = 2
dx 1+x

−1 2x
Let v = sin ( 2
)
1+x

Put x = tan θ ⇒ θ = tan

−1
x

−1 2 tan θ
⇒ v = sin ( 2
)
1+tan θ

−1
⇒ v = sin (sin 2θ)

⇒ v = 2θ
−1
⇒ v = 2 tan x
dv 2
⇒ = 2
dx 1+x
du du dx
Now,  = ×
dv dx dv
2
(1+x )
du 2
⇒ = × = 1
dv 2 2
(1+x )

20. (d) 3%
Explanation: Given, the side of the cube is x
We have volume of a cube = V = x3
dV
Now, dV = ( ) △x = 3x △x
2

dx

Change in th side = Δx = 0.01x

Thus, the approximate change in volume = dV = 3x2( 0.01 x) = 0.03 x3 m3
therefore, volume is increased approximately by 3 percentage.
Section B
21. (d) neither one-one nor onto
Explanation: Given that f : R → R be a function where
2
x −8
f (x) = 2
x +2

Here, we can see that for negative as well as positive x we will get same value.
So, it is not one-one.
y = f(x)
2
x −8
⇒ y = 2
x +2

⇒ y(x2 + 2) = (x2 - 8)
⇒ x2(y - 1) = -2y - 8
−−−−
2y+8
⇒ x = √
1−y

For y = 1 , no x is defined.
So, f is not onto.
3
22. (d) 16π
cm/sec
4
Explanation: V =
3
πr
3

dV 2 dr
⇒ = 4πr
dt dt
dr 1 dV
⇒ =
dt 2 dt
4πr
dr 1 3
⇒ = 2
× 3 =
dt 16π
4π(2)

23. (d) 47
Explanation: We have , Maximise the function Z = 11x + 7y, subject to the constraints: x ≤ 3, y ≤ 2,x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.
Corner points Z = 11x +7 y

C(0, 0 ) 0

B (3,0) 33

4/9
 D(0,2 )       14

A( 3, 2 ) 47
Hence the function has maximum value of 47
24. (c) Decreasing on R
Explanation: Given, f'(x) = -x3 + 3x2 - 3x + 4
f'(x) = -3x2 + 6x - 3
f'(x) = -3(x2 - 2x + 1)
f'(x) = -3(x - 1)2
As f'(x) has -ve sign before 3
⇒ f'(x) is decreasing over R.

25. (b) an odd function

Explanation: The derivative of an even function is an odd function.
1
26. (c)
√1+x2

x
Explanation: cot−1 x = θ ⇒ x = cot θ ⇒ cot θ =
1
Perp. 1
−1
 sin(cot x) = sin θ = = .
Hyp. √x +1
2

27. (d) transitive only

Explanation: 1 belongs to A but (1,1) does not belong to R,so R is not reflexive .(2,3) is in R but (3,2) is not in R,so R is not
transitive.since R consists of only one element (2,3),so it is transitive
28. (d) 1 ⩾ x ⩾ 0
Explanation: let x = cos θ
−1 2 −1 2
cos (2x − 1) ⇒ cos (2cos θ − 1)

⇒ cos
−1
(cos 2θ) = 2θ = 2cos
−1
x  if and only if 
x
0 ⩽ 2θ ⩽ π ⇒ 0 ⩽ θ ⩽
2

0 ⩽ π ⩽ 1
x
⇒ cos 0 ⩾ cos θ ⩾ cos(
2
)  since cosine is decreasing function
⇒ 1 ⩾ x ⩾ 0

This is true for all real values of x∈ [0,1]

−√y

29. (b)
√x
− −
−
Explanation: Given that √x + √y = √a

Differentiating with respect to x, we obtain

1 1 dy
+ = 0
2 √x 2 y dx
√

Or
−
−
dy y
= −√
dx x

30. (d) if det. A = 0 , ( adj A ) B =O

Explanation: If det. A = 0, (adj A) B =O⇒ The system AX = B of n equations in n unknowns may be consistent with infinitely
many solutions or it may be inconsistent.
31. (c) 1/2e
Explanation: We have, f(x) = log x 2(log x)
log(log x)
⇒ f (x) = 2
log x

log(log x)
⇒ f (x) =
2 log x

1 d log(log x)
′
⇒ f (x) = × { }
2 dx log x

1 1 log(log x)
× ×log x−
log x x x
′ 1
⇒ f (x) = × { 2
}
2
(log x)

1 log(log x)
−
′ 1 x x
⇒ f (x) = × { 2
}
2
(log x)

1 log(log e)
−
1
′
[Putting x = e]
e e
⇒ f (e) = × { 2
}
2
(log e)

′ 1 e
⇒ f (e) = × { }
2 1

′ 1
⇒ f (e) =
2e

5/9
32. (b) continuous everywhere but not differentiable at x = 0
Explanation: Let u(x) = |x|  and v(x) = ex
∴  f(x) = vof(x) = v[u(x)]
|x|
= v|x| = e

Since, u(x) and v(x) are both continuous functions.

So f(x) is also continuous function but u(x) = |x| is not differentiable at x = 0, whereas v(x) = ex is differentiable at
everywhere.
Hence, f(x) is continous everywhere but not differentiable at x = 0.
33. (b) 1/36
4
Explanation: V =
3
πr
3

4
πr
3
= 288π  (given)
3
3
⇒ r
3
= 288 ×
4
 
3
⇒ r = 216

⇒ r = 6cm
4 3
V = πr
3
dV 2 dr
= 4πr
dt dt
dV 2 dr
= 4π(6)
dt dt
dr
4π = 144π
dt
dr 4 1
= =
dt 144 36

π
34. (c)
4

Explanation: Let x = cot-1 (cot

5π
)
4
5π
⇒ cot x = cot ( 4
)
π π
Here the range of principle value of cot is [− 2 , 2
]
5π π π
⇒ x = ∉ [− , ]
4 2 2
π π
Hence for all values of x in range [− , ] , the value of
2 2

cot-1 (cot
5π

4
)  is
π 5π π
⇒  cot x = cot (π + 4
)     (∵  cot ( 4
) = cot (π + 4
)
)
π
⇒  cot x = cot ( )    (∵  cot (π + θ) = cot θ )
4
π
⇒ x =
4

35. (c) 0
∣ cos t t 1 ∣
∣ ∣
Explanation: We have, f (t) =  2 sin t t 2t
∣ ∣
∣ sin t t t ∣

∣ cos t t 1 ∣
f (t)
1 ∣ ∣
⇒ 2
= 2
2 sin t t 2t
t t ∣ ∣
∣ sin t t t ∣

∣ cos t t 1∣
∣ ∣
2 sin t
= ∣ t
1 2∣  [Dividing R2 and R3 by 't']
∣ ∣
sin t
∣ 1 1∣
t

∣ lim cos t lim t lim 1 ∣

t→0 t→0 t→0
∣ ∣
2 sin t
f (t) ∣ lim 2 ∣
⇒ lim = lim t
lim 1
t→0
2
t ∣ t→0 t→0 t→0 ∣
∣ sin t ∣
lim lim 1 lim 1
∣ t→0
t
t→0 t→0
∣

∣1 0 1∣
∣ ∣ sin t
= 2 1 2 (∵ lim = 1)
∣ ∣ t→0
t

∣1 1 1∣

= 1(1 - 2) - 0 + 1(2 - 1)
=0
36. (b) open half plane not containing the origin
Explanation: open half plane not containing the origin
On putting x = 0, y = 0 in the given inequality, we get 0 > 5, which is absurd.
Therefore, the solution set of the given inequality does not include the origin.
Thus, the solution set of the given inequality consists of the open half plane not containing the origin.

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37. (b) |A-1| = |A|-1
Explanation: Since the determinant value of matrix and its reciprocal is same as the determinant value of an invertible
matrix
y
38. (a)
(1−y)

Explanation: We can write it as 

x+y
⇒ y = e

log y = (x + y) log e
Differentiating with respect to x,we get
dy dy
1
⇒ = 1+
y dx dx

1 dy
⇒ ( − 1) = 1
y dx

dy y
⇒ = 1( )
dx 1−y

y
39. (b) x
2 2
x −y
Explanation: We have, sin −1 ( 2 2
) = log a
x +y
2 2
x −y
⇒ 2 2
= sin log a
x +y
dy dy
2 2 2 2
(x +y )(2x−2y )−(x −y )(2x+2y )
dx dx
⇒ = 0
2 2 2
(x +y )
dy dy dy dy
3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3
2 x −2 x y +2x y −2 y −2 x −2 x y +2x y +2 y
dx dx dx dx
⇒ = 0
2 2 2
(x +y )

dy
2 2
⇒ −4x y + 4xy = 0
dx
dy
2 2
⇒ −4x y = −4xy
dx
2
dy 4xy
⇒ = 2
dx 4x y

dy y
∴
dx
=
x
.
Which is the required solution.
40. (d) (−∞, 1] ∪ (4, ∞)
−−−
x−1
Explanation: f(x) = √  
x+4
−−−
x−1
domain of the function can be defined for √ ≥ 0  
x+4
−−−
x−1
⇒ √   x+4
≥ 0  
x−1
⇒   x+4 ≥ 0  
⇒  x - 1 ≥  0
⇒  x ≥  1 and x ≠  4
The intersection of above two equations gives (−∞, 1) ∪ (4, ∞) 
Therefore, domain of f(x) is (−∞, 1) ∪ (4, ∞) 
Section C
41. (a) 18 - 18 cos θ
−−−−− −−−−−
Explanation: cos-1 x + cos-1 y = cos-1 (xy − √1 − x2 √1 − y 2 )
x y θ
−1 −1
⇒ cos + cos =
3 2 2
−−−−−−− −−−−−−−
y 2 y 2
−1 x x 6
⇒ cos ( × − √1 − ( ) √1 − ( ) ) =
3 2 3 2 2

−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−
2 2
xy x y θ
⇒ − √1 − ( ) √1 − ( ) = cos
6 9 4 2

θ
xy−6 cos √9−x2 √4−y 2
2
⇒ =
6 6
θ
−−−− − −−−− −
2 2
⇒ xy − 6 cos = √9 − x √4 − y
2

Taking square on both sides,

 x2y2 - 12xy cos   + 369 cos2   = (9 - x2) (4 - y2)
θ θ
⇒
2 2

 x2y2 - 12xy cos  2  + 36 cos2  2  36 - 9y2  - 4x2 + x2y2

θ θ
⇒

 4x2 + 9y2 - 12xy cos 2  2  = 36 (1 − cos2

θ θ
⇒ )
2

 4x2 + 9y2 - 12xy cos2  2  = 36 (1 −

θ 1+cos θ
⇒ )
2

 4x2 + 9y2 - 12xy cos2  2  = 18 - 18 cos θ

θ
⇒

7/9
42. (b) - 17
Explanation:
Corner points Z = 3x - 4y

(0, 0 ) 0

(5,0) 15(Max.)

(6,8 ) -14

(6 , 5 ) -2

(4,10) -28

(0,8) -32……………..(Min.)
Maximum value of Z + Minimum value of Z = 15 + ( -32) = - 17 .
43. (b) is equal to 0
1

Explanation: lim f (x) =

−
lim e
−
x
= 0,   lim f (x) = lim x = 0 ∴ lim f (x) = 0
+ +
x→0 x→0 x→0 x→0 x→0

44. (d) If BA = CA, then B ≠  C, where B and C are square matrices of order 3
Explanation: BA = CA
⇒ BAA-1 = CAA-1
⇒ BI = CI

⇒ B = C

45. (a) transitive

Explanation: Given R = {(1,2)} defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3},where (1, 2) is the only ordered pair defined on R. Then, we
have
Reflexive property: for (1, 2) ∈ R ⇒ (1,1) not belongs to R ; ∀ 1, 2 ∈ A ⇒ R is not reflexive
Symmetric property: for (1,2) ∈ R ⇒ (2,1) not belongs to R, ∀ 1,2 ∈ A ⇒ R is not symmetric
Transitive property: for (1, 2) and (1, 2) ∈ R ⇒ (1, 2) ∈ R; ∀ 1, 2 ∈ A ⇒ R is transitive
Hatchback Sedan SU V

A 120 50 10
⎡ ⎤
46. (c) B ⎢ 100 30 5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
C 90 40 2

Explanation: In 2019,
dealer A sold 120 Hatchback, 50 Sedan and 10 SUV;
dealer B sold 100 Hatchback, 30 Sedan and 5 SUV and
dealer C sold 90 Hatchback, 40 Sedan and 2 SUV
∴  Required matrix, say P, is given by
Hatchback Sedan SU V

A 120 50 10
⎡ ⎤
P =  B ⎢ 100 30 5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
C 90 40 2

Hatchback Sedan SU V

A 300 150 20
⎡ ⎤
47. (a) B ⎢ 200 50 6 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
C 100 60 5

Explanation: In 2020,
dealer A sold 300 Hatchback, 150 Sedan, 20 SUV
dealer B sold 200 Hatchback, 50 sedan, 6 SUV
dealer C sold 100 Hatchback, 60 sedan, 5 SUV
∴  Required matrix, say Q, is given by
Hatchback Sedan SU V

A 300 150 20
⎡ ⎤
Q =  B ⎢ 200 50 6 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
C 100 60 5

Hatchback Sedan SU V

A 420 200 30
⎡ ⎤
48. (b) B ⎢ 300 80 11 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
C 190 100 7

Explanation: Total number of cars sold in two given years, by each dealer, is given by

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 Hatchback Sedan SU V

A 120 + 300 50 + 150 10 + 20

⎡ ⎤
P + Q =  B ⎢ 100 + 200 30 + 50 5+ 6 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
C 90 + 100 40 + 60 2+ 5
Hatchback Sedan SU V

A 420 200 30
⎡ ⎤

=  B ⎢ 300 80 11 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
C 190 100 7

Hatchback Sedan SU V

A 180 100 10
⎡ ⎤

49. (c) B ⎢ 100 20 1 ⎥

⎣ ⎦
C 10 20 3

Explanation: The increase in sales from 2019 to 2020 is given by

Hatchback Sedan SU V

A 300 − 120 150 − 50 20 − 10

⎡ ⎤
Q - P =  B ⎢ 200 − 100 50 − 30 6− 5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
C 100 − 90 60 − 40 5− 2
Hatchback Sedan SU V

A 180 100 10
⎡ ⎤
=  B ⎢ 100 20 1 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
C 10 20 3

A 34000000
⎡ ⎤
50. (a) B ⎢ 16200000 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
C 12000000

Explanation: he amount of profit in 2020 received by each dealer is given by the matrix
Hatchback Sedan SU V

A 300 150 20 50000

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

B ⎢ 200 50 6 ⎥ ⎢ 100000 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
C 100 60 5 200000

A ⎡ 15000000 + 15000000 + 4000000 ⎤

=  B ⎢ 10000000 + 5000000 + 1200000 ⎥

⎣ ⎦
C 5000000 + 6000000 + 1000000

A 34000000
⎡ ⎤
=  B ⎢ 16200000 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
C 12000000

9/9