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General Mathematics

Quarter 1 – Module 7:
Representations of Rational
Functions

CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 7
General Mathematics
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Representations of Rational Functions
First Edition, 2020

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General Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 7:
Representations of Rational
Functions
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each


SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
represents rational function through table of values, graphs and equations. The
scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. This
module will guide you on how to see the essence of rational functions which we think
has no value in real life, but in reality, it is in everything that we do.

In this module, you will learn to represent a rational function in three different ways.
It is important that you apply the skills you have learned on how to represent a
function in the previous module. Good luck!

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Represents rational function using:


a. table of values
b. graphs
c. equations

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What I Know

Before studying this module, let us assess on what you already know about this
topic.

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which family of function does the graph on the right belong to?

a. Trigonometric
b. Logarithmic
c. Exponential
d. Rational

𝑥𝑥−1
2. Complete the table using the equation f(x) =
𝑥𝑥+1
x 1 2 3 4

f(x) 0 1 1 ?
3 2

3
a.
5
5
b.
3
c. 3
d. 5

2𝑥𝑥+1
3. Which of the following table represents the function 𝑦𝑦 = ?
𝑥𝑥

a. x 1 2 3 4
y -1 -2 -3 -4

b. x 1 2 3 4
y 1 2 3 4

x 1 2 3 4
c. 5 7 9
y 3
2 3 4
d. x 1 2 3 4
y -3 5 7 9
- - -
2 3 4

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4. From the question in number 3, which represents the graph of the function
2𝑥𝑥+1
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = ?
𝑥𝑥

a. c.

b. d.

5. Reynolds manufactures aluminum cans in the shape of a cylinder with a capacity


1
of 500 cubic centimeters ( liters). The top and bottom of the can are made of
2
special aluminum alloy that costs 0.05 cents per square centimeter. The sides of
the can are made of material that cost 0.02 cents per square centimeter. Express
the cost of the material for the can as a function of the radius r of the can.

a. 0.10𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 +0.04𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2
b. 0.10𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 -0.04𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2
c. 0.10𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋+0.04𝜋𝜋r
d. 0.10𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋-0.04𝜋𝜋r

𝑥𝑥
6. Which of the following is the graph of 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = using the values x= -2, -1, 0, 1, 2?
𝑥𝑥−2

a.
c.

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b. d.

𝑥𝑥 2 −1
7. Using the rational function 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = , what is the value of g(x) when x=4? (Hint:
𝑥𝑥+1
simplify the function first).

a. 3
b. -3
c. 5
d. -5

For numbers 8-10, consider this situation

A cylindrical soft drink can is to be constructed so that it will have a volume of 21.6
cubic inches.

8. Write the total surface area A of the can as a function of r, where r is the radius of
the can in inches.

𝑟𝑟+2
a. 𝐴𝐴 =
𝑟𝑟+3
𝑟𝑟−2
b. 𝐴𝐴 =
𝑟𝑟+3
𝑟𝑟+2
c. 𝐴𝐴 =
𝑟𝑟−3
𝑟𝑟−2
d. 𝐴𝐴 =
𝑟𝑟−3

9. What should be the value of the function when values of x approaches to 3?

a. 5
5
b.
6
c. 6
6
d.
5

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10. What is the graph of the function using x= 1, 2, 3, 4?
a. c.

b. d.

For numbers 11-13, refer to the problem below.

Lina is doing mathematics tutorial for a summer job. For every tutorial, she charges
an initial fee of ₱500.00 per month, plus a constant fee of ₱200.00 for each hour of
tutorial.

11. Which of the following equation best describes Lina’s fee for each of her

tutorials?

a. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 500 + 200𝑥𝑥


b. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 500𝑥𝑥 + 200
c. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 500 − 200𝑥𝑥
d. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 500𝑥𝑥 − 200

12. Which of the following tables best represents Lina’s fee for each of her tutorials?

a. No of hours 1 2 3 4
Fee 200 400 600 800

b. No of hours 1 2 3 4
Fee 700 1200 1700 2200

c. No of hours 1 2 3 4
Fee 700 1400 2100 2800

No of hours 1 2 3 4
d. Fee 700 900 1100 1300

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13. If Lina spends 15hours on a student and another 13 hours for another student
in a month, how much will she earn? Write an equation that will suit best the
situation
a. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = [500 − 200(15)] + [500 − 200(13)]
b. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = [500 + 200(15)] + [500 + 200(13)]
c. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = [500(15) + 200] + [500(13) + 200]
d. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = [500(15) − 200] + [500(13) − 200]

For numbers 14 and 15, refer to the problem below.


There are 1,200 freshmen and 1,500 sophomores at SSG Election Meeting de Avance
at noon. After 12 p.m., 20 freshmen arrive at the gymnasium every five minutes while
15 sophomores leave the gymnasium.

14. Which equation best describes the total number of students who attended the
SSG Election Meeting de Avance?
a. 𝑦𝑦 = [1200𝑥𝑥 + 20] + [1500𝑥𝑥 − 15]
b. 𝑦𝑦 = [1200 + 20𝑥𝑥] + [1500 − 15𝑥𝑥]
c. 𝑦𝑦 = [1200𝑥𝑥 − 20] + [1500𝑥𝑥 + 15]
d. 𝑦𝑦 = [1200 − 20𝑥𝑥] + [1500 + 15𝑥𝑥]

15. Simplifying the answer in number 14, we can get

a. 𝑦𝑦 = 2700𝑥𝑥 + 5
b. 𝑦𝑦 = 2700 + 5𝑥𝑥
c. 𝑦𝑦 = 2700𝑥𝑥 − 5
d. 𝑦𝑦 = 2700 − 5𝑥𝑥

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Lesson
Representations of Rational
1 Functions

This lesson is about representations of rational function in different ways. We will


deal with the application of rational functions that may involve the number of
persons who can do a task in a certain amount of time. We can handle these
applications involving work in a manner similar to the method we used to solve
distance, speed, and time problems.

What’s In

Let us recall on how to represent a polynomial function problem through table,


graph, and equation.

Example: A siomai vendor can wrap 4 dumplings every minute. If he wraps a total of
32 dumplings, how much time did he spent wrapping? Use the following to justify
your answer:

a. table of Values
b. graph
c. equation

Solution:

For A, we will complete the table using the given information provided in the problem.
Since a vendor can wrap 4 dumplings per minute, we will add 4 dumplings for every
minute until we reach 32 dumplings.

Number of 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
dumplings
wrapped
Minutes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Using this table, we can say that the vendor was able to wrap 32 dumplings in 8
minutes.

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For B, let us use the data we have in A and plot these points in a Cartesian plane.

For C, we can solve the problem by formulating a


formula where we divide the total number of
dumplings made by the number of dumplings per
minute. In symbol,
𝐷𝐷
𝑇𝑇 =
𝑁𝑁
Where;

T= Time in Minutes

D= Total number of Dumplings made

N= Number of Dumplings made per minute

Notes to the Teacher


Tell the students to use the proper scaling and labeling. It is
important that the graphical representations are neatly made
especially if not using a graphing paper.
Teacher can also introduce using tools such as GeoGebra, Desmos,
and other applications.

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What’s New

Life is a Beach!

Pueblo Por La Playa is a 12.5 hectare Mexican-inspired exclusive leisure club


nestled off the calm, clear waters of Pagbilao Quezon. The "Pueblo" offers the total
leisure and recreation experience for the entire family. Since it is an exclusive resort,
it has a membership fee. Pueblo Por La Playa charges a ₱300,000.00 annual fee,
then ₱700.00 for each day you stay there. Find the average cost per day to stay in
the resort in 5, 10, 15 and up to 30 days. Graph the function to show whether it
forms a straight line or a curve.

a. Define a formula for the average cost for every 5 days to stay in the resort f(x).
Hint: Since the problem asks for the average cost, use the formula in getting
an average.

b. Based from the situation above, complete the following table to show the
average cost every 5 days.

X 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Y 0

Hint: Substitute the value of x in your equation

c. Plot the following points on the cartesian plane

To graph, simply plot the points and connect it by a smooth curve line.

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What is It

The problem presented above is an example of Rational Function. To solve the


problem, let us answer each question one by one. Below is the definition of a Rational
Function.

Definition
𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥)
Rational function is written in the form of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = . It should follow the
𝑞𝑞(𝑥𝑥)
following conditions namely:

1. Both p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions wherein it has no


negative and fractional exponents.
2. The denominator or q(x) should not be equal to 0.
3. The domain of all values of x where q(x) ≠ 0.

a. Define a formula for the average cost for every 5 days to stay in the resort f(x).
To define the formula, use the formula in getting the average cost.
Let the function be f(x). We can use the formula of getting an average. Average
𝑋𝑋
problems use the formula 𝐴𝐴 = , where A= Average, X= cost, and s= number of
𝑁𝑁
days

Let f(x) represents the average cost per day and x represents the number in days.
Note that ₱300,000.00 is a fixed price you need to pay plus the ₱700.00 per day
divided by the number of days (x). We will have,

300000 + 700(𝑥𝑥)
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) =
𝑥𝑥

Observe that it is similar to the structure of our original formula. Note that you will
be using a formula depending on the classification of problems given to you.

b. For every 5 day stay in the resort, create a table of values showing the average
cost.

Solution: Make a table of values with x-values at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30.

X 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Y 0 20,965 41,930 62,895 83,860 104,825 125,790

From the table, we can observe that the average cost of stay decreases as the
time increases. We can use a graph to determine if the points of this function follow
a curve or a line

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c. Graph the following points in the Cartesian plane.

By connecting the lines, we can clearly see that it follows a curve, thus a
Rational Function.

Example 2:
𝒙𝒙
𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) =
𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐
a. Since we already have an equation, we can skip this part. Proceed with the
table of values

b. Construct table of values from -2 to 2. We can substitute each value on


the equation to complete the table. We will get,

X -2 -1 0 1 2
f(x) Und -1 0 0.33 0.5

We can observe that the value of f(x) is undefined in when x= -2. It is because
when you substitute -2 in the function it will have an answer of zero whereas
in the definition of rational function, we cannot have a denominator equal to
zero.

c. Plot the points in the Cartesian plane and determine whether the points
form a smooth curve or a straight line.

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It can be observed that the function formed a curve.

What’s More

In the following activities, read each situation carefully to solve each problem. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Practice Activity 1

Represent this rational equation through table and graph. Identify whether the graph
forms a straight line or a curve.
𝒙𝒙 + 𝟑𝟑
𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) =
𝒙𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏

a. Since we already have an equation, we can skip this part. Proceed with
letter b. Note that when given with a word problem, you cannot skip this
part.

b. Construct table of values from -2 to 2 .


Hint: Substitute the value of x to obtain f(x).

x -2 -1 0 1 2
f(x) -1 undefined 3 2 5
3

The function is undefined when x= -1 since it makes the denominator zero.

c. Plot the points in the Cartesian plane and determine whether the points
form a smooth curve or a straight line.

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By plotting the points obtained in B we can get,

Independent Assessment 1
In order to join a voice lesson class, you will pay a ₱1,500.00 pesos fee, then ₱500.00
for each class you go to. What is the average cost per class? Graph the function to
show whether it forms a straight line or a curve.

Independent Assessment 2
Represent this rational equation through table and graph. Identify whether the graph
forms a straight line or a curve.

𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏
𝑷𝑷(𝒙𝒙) =
𝒙𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏

What I Have Learned

In your own words, how do you represent rational function using

a. Equation
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

b. Graph
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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c. Table of values
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Read and analyze the situation below then answer the question given.

Rational function is one of the functions that is underappreciated because they say
we cannot use it in real life. No. Rational function can be seen in most of our daily
activities, we just didn’t know it.

Basketball League

In an inter-barangay basketball league, the team from Hermana Fausta has won 12
out of 25 games, a winning percentage of 48%. We have seen that they need to win
8 games consecutively to raise their percentage to 60%. What will be their winning
percentage if they win 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 games? Will they reach a 100% winning
percentage? (hint: try to substitute 300 games). Write your interpretation on the
space provided.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Here are the steps to solve the problem and the rubric that will guide you in giving
the correct representations to the problem.

Steps in Problem Solving Possible Highest Points Your Score

1. Give the Appropriate


3 points
model or equation
2. Create a table of Values 3 points
3. Graph 4 points
4. Essay 5 points
Total 15 points

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Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥)
1. It is in the form of f(x) = where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions and q(x)
𝑞𝑞(𝑥𝑥)
is not equal to zero.
a. Rational Equality
b. Rational Inequality
c. Rational Function
d. None of these

For questions 2 and 3, refer to this situation.

Martha has won 19 out of 28 tennis matches this season.


2. Which equation models suggest how many more games she needs to win to average
75% wins over loses?
19
a. = 0.75
28+𝑥𝑥
19+𝑥𝑥
b. = 0.75
28+𝑥𝑥

19
c. = 75
28+𝑥𝑥

19+𝑥𝑥
d. = 75
18+𝑥𝑥

3. In order to get a college tennis scholarship, Martha needs to bring her winning
average to 80%. What is the number of matches she needs to win given that she
already won 19 out of 28?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 17
d. 22

For questions 4-6, refer to this situation.


Joel is working on his chemistry project and he has 300mL of 12% acid solution.

4. If he needed to decrease the acidity of the solution, which of the following is correct
function that would show the new acidity of the solution given x mL of water
added?
36
a. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) =
300+𝑥𝑥
0.36
b. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) =
300+𝑥𝑥
12
c. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) =
300+𝑥𝑥
0.12
d. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) =
300+𝑥𝑥

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5. If Joel decided to decrease the acidity of the solution by adding 15 more than at
every interval, which table of values is correct?

a. X 1 2 3 4
f(x) in % 11.43% 10.91% 10.43% 10%

X 1 2 3 4
b.
f(x) in % 0.1143% 0.1091% 0.1043% 0.10%

X 1 2 3 4
c. f(x) in % 3.81% 3.64% 3.48% 3.33%

X 1 2 3 4
d. f(x) in % 3.81% 3.64% 3.48% 3.33%

6. Which graph shows the decrease of acidity in Joel’s solution?

a. c.

b. d.

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7. Which of the following is the correct table of values of the rational function
𝑋𝑋
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = ?
𝑋𝑋+1

x -1 0 1 x -1 0 1
a. c.
Un
Y 0 0.5 y -0.5 0 und
d

X -1 0 1
x -1 0 1
b. Y 0.5 und 0.5 d.
y -0.5 Und -0.5

8. When is the graph of the function undefined in a certain value of x?

a. When the value of the numerator is zero.


b. When the value of the denominator is zero.
c. When the value of the function is zero.
d. None of the above.

9. Which of the following equations satisfies the table of values below?

X -2 -1 0 1 2
Y -1 Und 3 2 1.67
𝑥𝑥+1
a. 𝑦𝑦 =
𝑥𝑥+3
𝑥𝑥+3
b. 𝑦𝑦 =
𝑥𝑥+1
𝑥𝑥−3
c. 𝑦𝑦 =
𝑥𝑥+1
𝑥𝑥−1
d. 𝑦𝑦 =
𝑥𝑥+3

10. Which table of values satisfies the graph presented on the right side?

a. X -2 -1 0 1 2
Y 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

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b.
X -2 -1 0 1 2
Y -2 -1 0 1 2

c. X -2 -1 0 1 2
Y 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2

d. X -2 -1 0 1 2
Y 2 1 0 -1 -2

11. Using values from -10 to 10 with an interval of 5. Which of the following best

describes the table of values of the function 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 3 + 4𝑥𝑥 − 19?

a. X -10 -5 0 5 10
g(x) 2021 251 -19 -289 -2059

b. X -10 -5 0 5 10
g(x) -2059 -289 -19 251 2021

c. X -10 -5 0 5 10
g(x) 2059 289 19 -251 -2021

d. X -10 -5 0 5 10
g(x) -2021 -251 19 289 2059

12. In a Bread and Pastry class, a certain recipe calls for 3 kgs of sugar for every 6
kgs of flour. If 60 kgs of this sweet must be prepared, how much sugar is
required? Which equation satisfies the problem?
60+3
a. 𝑥𝑥 =
6(3)

6(3)
b. 𝑥𝑥 =
60+3

60(3)
c. 𝑥𝑥 =
6+3
6+3
d. 𝑥𝑥 =
60(3)

13. How many kilograms of sugar is needed for 90 kilograms of sweets?

a. 20
b. 25
c. 30
d. 35

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For questions number 14 and 15, refer to the problem below.
In a business math class, Teacher Alex assigned his students a business project. For
the business to be established, a certain establishment needs to pay for a semestral
fee (5 months) of ₱50.00 pesos and a weekly tax of ₱10.00 which the proceeds will
go to their Christmas Party expenses.

14. What is the average amount collected per group in his class? Formulate an
equation for this.
50−10𝑥𝑥
a. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) =
𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥
b 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) =
50+10𝑥𝑥
50+10𝑥𝑥
c. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) =
𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥
d. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) =
50−10𝑥𝑥
15. How much will be collected in each group for a period of 13weeks?
a. ₱170.00
b. ₱180.00
c. ₱190.00
d. ₱200.00

Additional Activities

Do the following to enhance your learning.

1. Construct a table of values

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CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS
Module 7
2. the following functions using the interval of -5 to 5.

𝑥𝑥 3 +3𝑥𝑥−5 1
a. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = b. 𝑗𝑗(𝑡𝑡) =
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑡𝑡 2 −2𝑡𝑡+1

3. Using the data from the table of values on number 1, plot the points on the
cartesian plane and connect the points of

𝑥𝑥 3 +3𝑥𝑥−5 1
a. g(x)= 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = b. j(t)= 𝑗𝑗(𝑡𝑡) =
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑡𝑡 2 −2𝑡𝑡+1

An application of rational functions may involve the number of persons who can do
a task in a certain amount of time. We can handle these applications involving work
in a manner similar to the method we used to solve distance, speed, and time
problems. Work = Rate x Time. Suppose you can finish a report in 2 hours. Your
classmate can finish the same report in 4 hours. How long will it take to finish the
report if both of you work together?

We have a saying that “Two heads are better than one”, would you rather work alone
or with a team? Why? Use 3-5 sentences to explain your answer.

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CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS
Module 7
Module 7
CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS
21
What I Know What's More Assessment
Independent Activity 1
1. D 1. C
2. A
1500+500𝑥𝑥
2. B
B.
𝑥𝑥
A. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) =
3. C x 1 2 3 4 5
3. C
4. B f(x) 2000 1250 1000 875 800 4. A
5. D C. 5. A
6. B 6. C
7. A 7. A
8. B 8. B
9. B 9. B
10.A 10.A
11.A Independent Activity 2 11.B
12.D A. 12.C
X -2 -1 0 1 2
13.C f(x) -6 Und 1 1 1.67 13.C
14.B 14.D
15.B 15.B
B.
Answer Key
References
Books:

Oronce, Orlando and Mendoza, Marilyn O. 2016. General Mathematics. Rex


Bookstore, Inc.,

Oronce, Orlando. 2016. General Mathematics. Rex Bookstore, Inc.

Verzosa, Debbie Marie, et.al. 2016. General Mathematics: Learner’s Material, First
Edition. Philippines: Lexicon Press Inc.

Online Sources:
https://www.geogebra.org/graphing?lang=en
https://www.desmos.com/calculator
Guinness World Records. 2011. Top 5 Records from the Philippines. Retrieved at
https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/australasia-news/2011/9/top-five-
records-from-the-philippines-
324697?fb_comment_id=897379786984508_1871579676231176

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CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS
Module 7
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Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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