MATHEMATICS

10

Ms. Ma. Kristine L. Dimayuga

 LESSON TWO
Arithmetic Sequence,
Means and Series
LESSON OBJECTIVES
The learner:
1. illustrates arithmetic
sequence.
2. determines arithmetic
means, nth term of an
arithmetic sequence and
sum of the terms of a given
arithmetic sequence.
What is an arithmetic sequence?
Arithmetic sequence or
arithmetic progression is a
sequence of numbers in which
the difference between any two
consecutive terms are the same.
This common difference is
denoted by d.
What is an arithmetic sequence?

a2 = a 1 + d
a3 = a2 + d = (a1 + d) + d = a1 + 2d
a4 = a3 + d = (a1 + 2d) + d = a1 + 3d
a5 = a4 + d = (a1 + 3d) + d = a1 + 4d
an = an-1 + d = { a1 + (n – 2) d } + d =
a1 + (n – 1)d
What is an arithmetic sequence?

GENERAL RULE
𝐚𝐧 = 𝐚𝟏 + 𝐧 − 𝟏 𝐝

COMMON DIFFERENCE
d = 𝐚𝐧 − 𝐚𝐧−𝟏
 Examples of Arithmetic Sequence
Decide if each sequence is arithmetic.
-3, 1, 5, 9, 13, . . .
d = 𝐚𝐧 − 𝐚𝐧−𝟏 d = 𝐚𝐧 − 𝐚𝐧−𝟏 d = 𝐚𝐧 − 𝐚𝐧−𝟏
d = 𝐚𝟐 − 𝐚𝟐−𝟏 d = 𝐚𝟑 − 𝐚𝟑−𝟏 d = 𝐚𝟒 − 𝐚𝟒−𝟏
d = 𝐚𝟐 − 𝐚𝟏 d = 𝐚𝟑 − 𝐚𝟐 d = 𝐚𝟒 − 𝐚𝟑
d = 1 – (-3) d=5–1 d=9–5
d=4 d=4 d=4
 Examples of Arithmetic Sequence
Decide if each sequence is arithmetic.
-3, 1, 5, 9, 13, . . .
d = 𝐚𝐧 − 𝐚𝐧−𝟏
d = 𝐚𝟓 − 𝐚𝟓−𝟏 The common difference is
d = 𝐚𝟓 − 𝐚𝟒 4.
d = 13 – 9 It is an example of
d=4 arithmetic sequence.
 Examples of Arithmetic Sequence
Decide if each sequence is arithmetic.
2, 5, 10, 17, 26, . . .
d = 𝐚𝐧 − 𝐚𝐧−𝟏 d = 𝐚𝐧 − 𝐚𝐧−𝟏 d = 𝐚𝐧 − 𝐚𝐧−𝟏
d = 𝐚𝟐 − 𝐚𝟐−𝟏 d = 𝐚𝟑 − 𝐚𝟑−𝟏 d = 𝐚𝟒 − 𝐚𝟒−𝟏
d = 𝐚𝟐 − 𝐚𝟏 d = 𝐚𝟑 − 𝐚𝟐 d = 𝐚𝟒 − 𝐚𝟑
d=5–2 d = 10 – 5 d = 17 – 10
d=3 d=5 d=7
 Examples of Arithmetic Sequence
Decide if each sequence is arithmetic.
2, 5, 10, 17, 26, . . .
d = 𝐚𝐧 − 𝐚𝐧−𝟏
d = 𝐚𝟓 − 𝐚𝟓−𝟏 The common difference is
d = 𝐚𝟓 − 𝐚𝟒 not constant.
d = 26 – 17 It is not an example of
d=9 arithmetic sequence.
 What is the general rule for the
arithmetic sequence 3, 6, 9, 12, …?
𝐚𝟏 = 3 𝐚𝐧 = 𝐚𝟏 + 𝐧 − 𝟏 𝐝
d=3 𝐚𝐧 = 3 + 𝐧 − 𝟏 𝟑
𝐚𝐧 = 𝐚𝟏 + 𝐧 − 𝟏 𝐝 𝐚𝐧 = 3 +𝟑 𝐧 − 𝟏
𝐚𝐧 = 3 + 3n – 3
𝐚𝐧 = 𝟑𝐧
 What is the general rule for the
arithmetic sequence 5, 6, 7, 8, …?
𝐚𝟏 = 5 𝐚𝐧 = 𝐚𝟏 + 𝐧 − 𝟏 𝐝
d=1 𝐚𝐧 = 5 + 𝐧 − 𝟏 𝟏
𝐚𝐧 = 𝐚𝟏 + 𝐧 − 𝟏 𝐝 𝐚𝐧 = 5 +𝟏 𝐧 − 𝟏
𝐚𝐧 = 5 + n – 1
𝐚𝐧 = 𝐧 + 𝟒
What is the sequence described by
𝐚𝐧 = 𝟐 + 𝟒(𝐧 − 𝟏)?

𝐚𝐧 =𝟐+𝟒 𝐧−𝟏 𝐚𝐧 =𝟐+𝟒 𝐧−𝟏

𝐚𝟏 =𝟐+𝟒 𝟏−𝟏 𝐚𝟐 =𝟐+𝟒 𝟐−𝟏
𝐚𝟏 = 𝟐 + 𝟒(𝟎) 𝐚𝟐 = 𝟐 + 𝟒(𝟏)
𝐚𝟏 =𝟐+𝟎 𝐚𝟐 =𝟐+𝟒
𝐚𝟏 =𝟐 𝐚𝟐 =𝟔
What is the sequence described by
𝐚𝐧 = 𝟐 + 𝟒(𝐧 − 𝟏)?

𝐚𝐧 =𝟐+𝟒 𝐧−𝟏 𝐚𝐧 =𝟐+𝟒 𝐧−𝟏

𝐚𝟑 =𝟐+𝟒 𝟑−𝟏 𝐚𝟒 =𝟐+𝟒 𝟒−𝟏
𝐚𝟑 = 𝟐 + 𝟒(𝟐) 𝐚𝟒 = 𝟐 + 𝟒(𝟑)
𝐚𝟑 =𝟐+𝟖 𝐚𝟒 = 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐
𝐚𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐚𝟒 = 𝟏𝟒
What is the sequence described by
𝐚𝐧 = 𝟐 + 𝟒(𝐧 − 𝟏)?

𝐚𝐧 =𝟐+𝟒 𝐧−𝟏
𝐚𝟓 =𝟐+𝟒 𝟓−𝟏 The sequence is
𝐚𝟓 = 𝟐 + 𝟒(𝟒) 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, . . .
𝐚𝟓 = 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔
𝐚𝟓 = 𝟏𝟖
 Write a rule for the nth term of
the sequence 50, 44, 38, 32, . . .
and find a20.
𝐚𝟏 = 50 𝐚𝐧 = 𝐚𝟏 + 𝐧 − 𝟏 𝐝
d = -6 𝐚𝐧 = 50 + 𝐧 − 𝟏 (−𝟔)
𝐚𝐧 = 50 +(−𝟔) 𝐧 − 𝟏
𝐚𝐧 = 𝐚𝟏 + 𝐧 − 𝟏 𝐝
𝐚𝐧 = 50 – 6n + 6
𝐚𝐧 = 56 – 6n
 Write a rule for the nth term of the
equence 50, 44, 38, 32, . . . and find a2
𝐚𝐧 = 50 + 𝐧 − 𝟏 (−𝟔)
𝐚𝟐𝟎 = 50 + 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟏 (−𝟔)
𝐚𝟐𝟎 = 50 + 𝟏𝟗 (−𝟔)
𝐚𝟐𝟎 = 50 +(−𝟏𝟏𝟒)
𝐚𝟐𝟎 = -64
Given the arithmetic sequence 3, 8, 13,
18, ..., find common difference and the
12th term of the sequence.
d = 𝐚𝐧 − 𝐚𝐧−𝟏
d = 𝐚𝟐 − 𝐚𝟐−𝟏 The common difference is
d = 𝐚𝟐 − 𝐚𝟏 5.
d=8–3
d=5
Given the arithmetic sequence 3, 8, 13,
18, ..., find common difference and the
12th term of the sequence.
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
For the 12th term
a12 = 3 + (n – 1)(5)
n = 12
a12 = 3 + (12 – 1)(5)
𝐚𝟏 = 𝟑
a12 = 3 + (11)(5)
d=5
a12 = 3 + 55
a12 = 58
 Find the general rule for the arithmetic
sequence −1, 3, 7, 11, … and then find a12 .

d = 𝐚𝐧 − 𝐚𝐧−𝟏 an = a1 + (n – 1)d
d = 𝐚𝟐 − 𝐚𝟐−𝟏 an = -1 + (n – 1)(4)
d = 𝐚𝟐 − 𝐚𝟏 an = -1 + 4n - 4
d = 3 – (-1) an = 4n - 5
d=4
Find the general rule for the arithmetic
sequence −1, 3, 7, 11, … and then find a12 .

n = 12
an = 4n – 5
a12 = 4(12) - 5
a12 = 48 - 5
a12 = 43
 Find the 10th term of the arithmetic
sequence if the 1st term is 5 and the 2nd
term is 8.
n = 10 an = a1 + (n – 1)d
𝐚𝟏 = 𝟓 a10 = 5 + (10 – 1)(3)
d=3 a10 = 5 + (9)(3)
a10 = 5 + 27
a10 = 32
In an arithmetic sequence, the common
difference is -2 and the 8th term is 12.
What is the first term?
n=8 an = a1 + (n – 1)d
𝐚𝟖 = 𝟏𝟐 a1 = an - (n – 1)d
d = -2 a1 = 12 - (8 – 1)(-2)
a1 = 12 – (7)(-2)
a1 = 12 + 14
a1 = 26
 Find the 4th term of an arithmetic
sequence given that a12 = -21 and a25 = 18.

a12 = -21 an = a1 + (n – 1)d

-21 = a1 + (12 – 1)d
-21 = a1 + 11d

a25 = 18 an = a1 + (n – 1)d
18 = a1 + (25 – 1)d
18 = a1 + 24d
 Find the 4th term of an arithmetic
sequence given that a12 = -21 and a25 = 18.
- 1(-21 = a1 + 11d)
18 = a1 + 24d
21 = - a1 - 11d)
18 = a1 + 24d

39 = 13d
d=3
 Find the 4th term of an arithmetic
sequence given that a12 = -21 and a25 = 18.

-21 = a1 + 11d
-21 = a1 + 11(3)
a12 = -21
-21 = a1 + 33
d=3
-21 - 33 = a1
-54 = a1
 Find the 4th term of an arithmetic
sequence given that a12 = -21 and a25 = 18.

an = a1 + (n – 1)d
a4 = -54 + (4 – 1)(3)
d=3
a4 = -54 + (3)(3)
a1 = -54
a4 = -54 + 9
a4 = 45
What is an arithmetic series?
An arithmetic series is the sum
of an arithmetic sequence.
The sum of the first n terms of
an arithmetic sequence,
denoted by Sn, is given by the
n
formula Sn = (a1 + an) or
2
n(a1 +an) n
Sn = or Sn = [2a1 + (n-1)d].
2 2
Find the sum of the first 20 terms in an arithmetic
sequence given by 50, 44, 38, 32, …, -64.
𝐧 𝐧(𝐚𝟏 +𝐚𝐧)
Sn = (a1 + an) Sn =
n = 20 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝟎 𝟓𝟎 +(−𝟔𝟒)
a1 = 50 S20 = 𝟓𝟎 + (−𝟔𝟒) S20 = 20 [ ]
𝟐 𝟐
an = -64 𝟐𝟎 −𝟏𝟒
S20 = (-14) S20 = 20 ( )
𝟐 𝟐
S20 = 10 (-14) S20 = 20 (-7)
S20 = -140 S20 = -140
Consider the arithmetic series 4, 7, 10 ,
13, 16, 19, . . . Find the sum of the first 30
terms.
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
n = 30
a30 = 4 + (30 – 1)(3)
a1 = 4 a30 = 4 + (29)(3)
d=3 a30 = 4 + 87
a30 = 91
Consider the arithmetic series 4, 7, 10 , 13,
16, 19, . . . Find the sum of the first 30 terms.
𝐧
Sn = (a1 + an) Sn = n (
a1 + an
)
𝟐 2
𝟑𝟎
n = 30 S30 = (𝟒 + 𝟗𝟏) S30 = 30 (
𝟒 +𝟗𝟏
)
𝟐 2
a1 = 4 S30 =
𝟑𝟎
(95) 𝟗𝟓
𝟐 S30 = 30 ( )
a30 = 91 2
S30 = 15 (95) S30 = 15 (95)
S30 = 1425 S30 = 1425
Consider the arithmetic series 4, 7, 10 , 13,
16, 19, . . . Find the sum of the first 30 terms.
𝐧
Sn = [2a1 + (n - 1)d]
n = 30 𝟐
𝟑𝟎
a1 = 4 S30 =
𝟐
[2(4) + (30 - 1)(3)]
d=3 S30 = 15 [8 + (29)(3)]
S30 = 15 (8 + 87)
S30 = 15 (95)
S30 = 1425
Consider the arithmetic series 4, 7, 10 ,
13, 16, 19, . . . Find the sum of the first 15
terms.

an = a1 + (n – 1)d
n = 15 a15 = 4 + (15 – 1)(3)
a1 = 4 a15 = 4 + (14)(3)
d=3 a15 = 4 + 42
a15 = 46
Consider the arithmetic series 4, 7, 10 , 13,
16, 19, . . . Find the sum of the first 15 terms.
𝐧 𝐚𝟏 𝐚𝐧
n = 15 Sn = (a1 + an) Sn = n ( + )
𝟐 𝟐
a1 = 4 S15 =
𝟏𝟓
(𝟒 + 𝟒𝟔) S15 = 15 (
𝟒 +𝟒𝟔
)
𝟐 𝟐
a15 = 46 𝟏𝟓 𝟓𝟎
S15 = (50) S15 = 15 ( )
𝟐 𝟐
S15 = 15 (25) S15 = 15 (25)
S15 = 375 S15 = 375
Consider the arithmetic series 4, 7, 10 , 13,
16, 19, . . . Find the sum of the first 15 terms.
𝟏𝟓
𝐧
Sn = [2a1 + (n - 1)d] S15 = (50)
n = 15 𝟐 𝟐

a1 = 4 𝟏𝟓 S15 = 15 (25)
S15 = [2(4) + (15 - 1)(3)]
d=3
𝟐 S15 = 375
𝟏𝟓
S15 = [8+ (14)(3)]
𝟐
𝟏𝟓
S15 = (8 + 42)
𝟐
Find the sum of the first 40 terms of
an arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, ….

an = a1 + (n – 1)d
n = 40
a40 = 2 + (40 – 1)(3)
a1 = 2 a40 = 2 + (39)(3)
d=3 a40 = 2 + 117
a40 = 119
Find the sum of the first 40 terms of an
arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, ….
𝐧 a1 + an
Sn = (a1 + an) Sn = n ( )
𝟐 2
𝟒𝟎 𝟐 +𝟏𝟏𝟗
n = 40 S40 = (𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝟗) S40 = 40 ( )
𝟐 2
a1 = 2 𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟏
S40 = (121) S40 = 40 ( )
a40 = 119 𝟐 2
S40 = 20 (121) S40 = 20 (121)
S40 = 2420 S40 = 2420
Find the sum of the first 40 terms of an
arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, ….
𝐧
Sn = [2a1 + (n - 1)d]
𝟐
𝟒𝟎
S40 = [2(2) + (40 - 1)(3)]
𝟐
n = 40
S40 = 20 [𝟒+ (39)(3)]
a1 = 2
S40 = 20 (4 + 117)
d=3
S40 = 20 (121)
S40 = 2420
 Find the sum:
𝟓𝟎

෍ 3n + 2
𝐧=𝟏

𝐚𝐧 = 𝟑𝐧 + 𝟐 𝐚𝐧 = 𝟑𝐧 + 𝟐
𝐚𝟏 = 𝟑(𝟏) + 𝟐 𝐚𝟓𝟎 = 𝟑(𝟓𝟎) + 𝟐
𝐚𝟏 =𝟑+𝟐 𝐚𝟓𝟎 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 + 𝟐
𝐚𝟏 =𝟓 𝐚𝟓𝟎 = 𝟏𝟓𝟐
 Find the sum:
𝟓𝟎

෍ 3n + 2
𝐧=𝟏
𝐧 a1 + an
Sn = (a1 + an) Sn = n ( )
n = 50 𝟐
𝟓𝟎
2
𝟓 +𝟏𝟓𝟐
S50 = (𝟓 + 𝟏𝟓𝟐) S50 = 50 ( )
a1 = 5 𝟐
𝟓𝟎
2
𝟏𝟓𝟕
S50 = (157) S50 = 50 ( )
a50 = 152 𝟐 2
S50 = 25 (157) S50 = 25 (157)
S50 = 3925 S50 = 3925
Find the sum of the positive even integers
less than 100.
2, 4, 6, … 98
𝐧
Sn = (a1 + an)
n = 49 𝟐
𝟒𝟗
a1 = 2 S49 = (𝟐 + 𝟗𝟖)
𝟐
a49 = 98 𝟒𝟗
S49 = (100)
d=2 𝟐
S49 = 49 (50)
S49 = 2 450
Find the sum of all multiples of 4 between
6 and 50.
𝐧
an = a1 + (n – 1)d Sn = (a1 + an)
𝟐
a1 = 8 48 = 8+ (n – 1)(4) 𝟏𝟏
S11 = (𝟖 + 𝟒𝟖)
an = 48 48 = 8 + 4n - 4 𝟐

d=4 48 – 8 + 4 = 4n S11 =
𝟏𝟏
(56)
44 = 4n 𝟐

n = 11 S11 = 11 (28)
S11 = 308
What is an arithmetic mean?
In a finite arithmetic sequence a1, a2,
a3, …, an, the terms a1 and an are
called extremes., whereas a2, …, a3
are called arithmetic means.

Arithmetic means are terms formed

between two extremes of an
arithmetic sequence and are
denoted by m1, m2, m3, m4, ….
 Insert an arithmetic mean between 5
and 8.

𝟓+𝟖
5, m1, 8 m1 =
𝟐
a1 = 5 𝟏𝟑
m1 =
a3 = 8 𝟐
m1 = 𝟔. 𝟓
Insert two arithmetic means between
5 and 20.

an = a1 + (n – 1)(d) 15 = 3d
5, m1, m2, 20
a1 = 5 an = a1 + (4 – 1)(d) 𝟏𝟓
=
𝟑𝐝
𝟑 𝟑
a4 = 20 20 = 5 + 3d
5=d
20 – 5 = 3d
Insert two arithmetic means between
5 and 20.

m1 = d + a1 m2 = d + a2
5, m1, m2, 20
m1 = 5 + 5 m2 = 5 + 10
d=5
m1 = 10 m2 = 15
Insert five arithmetic means between 3
and 12.

3, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, 12

a1 = 5
a7 = 12
Insert five arithmetic means between 3
and 12.
an = a1 + (n – 1)(d) 9 = 6d
a7 = a1 + (7 – 1)(d) 𝟗 𝟔𝐝
=
12 = 3 + 6d 𝟔 𝟔
12 – 3 = 6d 𝟑
=𝐝
𝟐
Insert five arithmetic means between 3
and 12.

m1 = d + a1 m2 = d + a2 m3 = d + a3
𝟑 𝟑 𝟗 𝟑
m1 = +3 m2 = + m3 = + 6
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟗 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟓
m1 = m2 = m3 =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
m2 = 𝟔
Insert five arithmetic means between 3 and
12.

m4 = d + a4 m5 = d + a5 The 5 arithmetic
𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟑 means between 3
m4 = + m5 = + 𝟗
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟗
𝟏𝟖 𝟐𝟏 and 12 are 𝐦𝟏 =
m4 = m5 = 𝟏𝟓
𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
,𝐦𝟐 = 𝟔, 𝐦𝟑 = ,
m4 = 𝟗 𝟐
𝟐𝟏
𝐦𝟒 = 𝟗,𝐦𝟓 = .
𝟐
Insert 4 arithmetic means between 38
and 98.

38, m1, m2, m3, m4, 98

a1 = 38
a6 = 98
Insert 4 arithmetic means between 38
and 98.

an = a1 + (n – 1)(d) 60 = 5d
a6 = a1 + (6 – 1)(d) 𝟔𝟎 𝟓𝐝
=
98 = 38 + 5d 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏𝟐 = 𝐝
98 – 38 = 5d
Insert 4 arithmetic means between 38
and 98.

m1 = d + a1 m2 = d + a2 m3 = d + a3
m1 = 12 + 38 m2 = 12 + 50 m3 = 12 + 62
m1 = 50 m2 = 𝟔𝟐 m3 = 74
Insert 4 arithmetic means between 38
and 98.
m4 = d + a4 The 4 arithmetic
m4 = 12 + 74 means between 38
m4 = 86 and 98 are 𝐦𝟏 =
𝟓𝟎,𝐦𝟐 = 𝟔2, 𝐦𝟑 =
𝟕𝟒, and 𝐦𝟒 = 𝟖𝟔.
What is the arithmetic mean between
-12 and 4?

an = a1 + (n – 1)(d) 16 = 2d
a3 = a1 + (3 – 1)(d) 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝐝
=
4 = -12 + 2d 𝟐 𝟐
8=𝐝
4 + 12 = 2d
What is the arithmetic mean between
-12 and 4?

𝐚𝟏 = −𝟏𝟐 𝐦𝟏 = 𝐚𝟏 + 𝐝
d=8 𝐦𝟏 = −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟖
𝐦𝟏 = −𝟒
 Thank
you!
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