Chapter 1 Reviewer

1)Input - entering data into the computer.

2)Processing - performing operations on the data.
3)Output - presenting the results.
4)Storage - saving data, programs, or output for future use.
5)Data – is raw fact figures.
6)Information – is a processed form of data.
7)First-generation computers - Used a great deal of electricity and generated a lot of heat.
8)Second-generation computers - Used transistors.
9)Third-Generation Computers - The replacement of the transistor with integrated circuits (ICs),
allowing third-generation computers to be even smaller and more reliable.
10)Fourth-Generation Computers - an increasing number of transistors on a single chip. This led
to the invention of the microprocessor.
11)Fifth generation - May be based on artificial intelligence (AI).
12)Hardware - The physical parts of a computer (tangible parts).
13)Software - refers to the programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to
do.
14)Input device - is any piece of equipment that is used to input data into the computer.
15)Processing device - is the central processing unit (CPU).
16)Output device - accepts processed data from the computer and presents the results to the user.
17)Storage devices - are used to store data on or access data from storage media.
18)Communication devises - allow users to communicate electronically with others.
19)System software - The programs that allow a computer to operate.
20)Application software - consists of programs designed to allow people to perform specific
tasks using a computer.
Chapter 2 Reviewer
1)The binary numbering system uses only two symbols - the digits 0 and 1.
2)8 bits is equal to 1 byte.
3)Bit is the smallest unit of data.
4)Binary is the computer’s natural language.
5)Motherboard - has a variety of chips, boards, and connectors attached to it
6-13) Parts of a motherboard:
 CPU socket
 ATX power socket
 DIMMs slot(RAM slot)
 PCI slot
 PCIE slot
 SATA socket
 Northbridge
 Southbridge
14)Processors - does most of the processing for a computer.
15)CPU clock speed is one measurement of processing speed.
16)Higher CPU clock speed - more instructions processed per second.
17)Bus - an electronic path over which data can travel.
18)RAM - its content is lost when the computer is shut off.
19)ROM - was used to store the permanent instructions used by a computer.
20)Arithmetic/Logic unit - Performs arithmetic involving integers and logical operations.
Chapter 3 Reviewer
1)Storage Medium - is the hardware where data is actually stored
2)Storage device – it is where the storage medium is inserted
3)C – this letter is usually assigned to the first hard drive
4)Random access - also called direct access, means that data can be retrieved directly from any
location on the storage medium, in any order
5)Sequential access - the data can only be retrieved in the order in which it is physically stored
on the medium
6)Hard drive - is used to store most programs and data
7)Magnetic hard drives - One or more permanently sealed metal magnetic disks with an access
mechanism and read/write heads
8-11) Hard disks are divided into:
 Tracks
 Sectors
 Clusters
 Cylinders
12)Solid-state drives - are hard drives that use flash memory technology instead of spinning hard
disk platters and magnetic technology
13)Internal hard drives – hard drives that are permanently located inside a computer’s system
unit
14)Hybrid hard drive - Combination of flash memory and magnetic hard drive
15)Partitioning - enables you to divide the physical capacity of a single hard drive logically into
separate areas
16)Optic discs - A type of storage read from and written to using laser beams
17-19) Categories of discs:
CD
CVD
BD
20)Cloud storage – referred to as “online storage” and can be accessed via Internet
Chapter 4 Reviewer
1)Keyboards – a device used to enter characters at the location on the screen marked by the
insertion point or cursor
2)Pointing devices – a device that are used to select and manipulate objects, to input certain
types of data
3)Mouse - is the most common pointing device for a desktop computer
4)Stylus – is also called a digital pen, electronic pen, or tablet pen
5)Touch screens - allow the user to touch the screen with his or her finger to select commands
6)Scanners - more officially called an optical scanner, captures an image of an object
7-10) Types of scanners:
 Flatbed
 Portable
 3D
 Receipt and Business card scanner
11)Bar code – it is an optical code that represents data with bars of varying widths or heights
12)Biometric readers - Used to input biometric data such as an individual’s fingerprint or voice
13)Audio input - is the process of entering audio data into the computer.
14)Voice input - inputting spoken words and converting them to digital form
15)Display devices - presents output visually on some type of screen
16)Graphics card - determines the graphics capabilities of the computer
17)Data projectors - is used to display output from a computer to a wall or projection screen.
18)Printers – this produces hard copies of files
19)Ink – jet printers - Sprays droplets of ink to produce images on paper
20)Audio output - Computer speakers, is the most common type of this output, one good
example is headphones