What is

propaganda
• message designed to persuade its intended
audience to think and behave in a certain
manner

• is the spreading of in support of a cause

• The spreading of ideas, information, or rumor

for the purpose of helping or injuring an
institution, cause or person.
 Factors that gave birth to
Philippine Nationalism

 THE INFLUX OF LIBERAL IDEAS (FROM ABROAD)
 THE SPANISH REVOLUTION 1868
 THE OPENING OF SUEZ CANAL 1869
 THE MARTYRDOM OF FATHERS GOMEZ,
BURGOS, ZAMORA.
 What is
propaganda
movement?

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 PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT

 A peaceful crusade or campaign for
reforms was done by means of pen and
tongue to pressure the Spanish
Government.
It was organized and participated by the
ilustrados.
 Rise of the Propaganda Movement

 It began in 1872, when Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose

Burgos and Jacinto Zamora were executed at the
Luneta.
 Cavite Mutiny
 January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipino soldiers and
dock workers of Cavite, under the leadership of
Sergeant La Madrid, mutinied and killed their
Spanish officers.

 Fathers Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto

Zamora were accused of treason to Spain and tried in
an unfair trial. They were sentenced to death by
garrote on February 17, 1872 in Bagumbayan.

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 ...rise of Propaganda movement

• Work of promoting the welfare and

happiness of the fatherland.

• Aggressively but peacefully, by means of

writing and speeches, they crusaded for
reforms to rectify the evils of the Spanish
coalonial system.

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Why did the ilustrados
in Europe undertake
Propaganda
movement?
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The illustrados led the Filipinos’ quest for
reforms. Because of their education and
newly acquired wealth, they felt more
confident about voicing out popular
grievances. The illustrados did not succeeded
in easing the sufferings of the Filipinos; but
from this group arose another faction called
the intelligentsia. The intelligentsia also
wanted reforms; but they were more
systematic and used a peaceful means called
the Propaganda Movement.
 Reforms desired by the
Propaganda Movement
Assimilation
of the
Filipinization Philippines
Restoration of the as a regular
of the Philippine province of
Human Philippine parishes and Spain.
rights for representatio
expulsion of
Equality n in the
of the Filipinos. the friars
Spanish
Filipinos Cortes.
and
Spaniards
before the
laws.
 Who were active in this
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movement?
 THE PROPAGANDISTS
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 The propagandists

 were patriots who waged their movement
by means of pen and tongue to expose the
defects of Spanish rule in the philippines and
urgency of reforms to remedy them.
They were the scions of good families, highly
intelligent, educated, patriotic and
courageous, who symbolized the flower of
Filipino manhood.
 Forms of group
Filibusteros
Including the creoles
and Spanish Meztizos who had been expelled in Marianas during the attack on
liberals in the wake of Cavite Mutiny

Young men
Who were sent for Spain for their studies

Refugees
Who escaped the islands to break out persecution
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MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
 … marcelo del pilar
 Lawyer and journalist from Bulacan
 He joined dupluhan and dalitan or literary jousts
during fiestas
 He satarized corrupt officials and friars during
pintakasi (cockfighting day)
 He wrote anti-friar pamphlets in simple yet forceful
Tagalog
 In 1882, he helped establish the Diariong Tagalog,
the first bilingual newspaper; he edited the Tagalog
section.
 He released Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and
Mockeries), a manual of anticlerical commentary in
the format of novena
 … marcelo del pilar

He parodied the Lord’s Prayer, Hail Mary,

the Apostles Creed, the Ten Commandments,
the Act of Contrition, and the cathechism.
His house was burned mysteriously.
He left the Philippines in October 1888 to
escape the prosecution of the friars
… marcelo del pilar
… marcelo del pilar
… marcelo del pilar
 Dr. Jose P. Rizal
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
23
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
 … graciano lopez jaena

He was from Iloilo

An orator
Fray Botod “Friar Potbelly” (1874). It is about
a fictitious cleric named Fray Botod who
arrived looking like a hungry mosquito and
soon became stout because of the stocks
taken from the people.
 MARIANO PONCE
A medical student and biographical writer
 …propagandists
Propagandists Who’s who?

Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo The masters of brush

Pedro Paterno A lawyer and a man of letters

Antonio Luna Pharmacists and essayist

Pedro Serrano Laktaw Teacher- tutor of Prince Alfonso de

Bourbon ( later King Alfonso XIII
of Spain)

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 …propagandists
Jose Ma. Panganiban Linguist and essasysist
Fernando Canon Engineer and musician
Jose Alejandrino An engineer and a political writer

Isabelo delos Reyes Folklorist, newspaperman and a

scholar

Dominador Gomez Physician, orator

 …propagandists
Foreign Friends Of Propaganda Who’s who?
Movement

Ferdinand Blumentritt  Austrian professor, scholar

 Dr. Rizal’s bestfriend
 Praised “Noli” and “Fili” and wrote a
prologue to Rizal’s annotated edition
of Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
Pilipinas (Paris, 1890)
Don Juan Atayde  one of the liberal Spaniards who
aided Filipino propagandists.
 Founded the Circulo Hispano-
Filipino in September 1882( a civic
association of Spaniards and Filipinos in
Madrid)
 Published the newspaper Revisa del
Circulo Hispano- Filipino.
Miguel Morayta  Statesman, historian, and journalist
 Rizal’s professor at the Central
University of Madrid
 …propagandists
Foreign Friends Of Propaganda Who’s who?
Movement

Francisco Pi y Margall  Former president of the First

Spanish Republic

Emilio Junoy  A journalist

 Member of the Cortes

Manuel Ruiz Zorilla  Parliamentarian

 Leader of the Spanish
Republican Party
 The Anti- Friar Manifesto of
1888

Happened on March 1, 1888
The anti-friar demonstration of hundred of Filipino

Led by: Doroteo Cortes, Manila patriotic lawyer

Assisted by: M.H. del Pilar and Jose A. Ramos
( a London- educated rich merchant; leading masonic leader.)
 
It requested the expulsions of the friars from
the Philippines.
Submissions of an anti- friar manifesto to
acting Civil Gov. Jose Centeno addressed to
Queen Regent
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 La Solidaridad
(organization)
A purely Filipino organization
established in Barcelona on December
31, 1888
Galiciano Apacible was the President
and Graciano Lopez Jaena was the
Vice-President
 La Solidaridad
(newspaper)
Graciano Lopez Jaena founded this
fortnightly newspaper in Barcelona on
February 15, 1889. M.H. del Pilar helped
prepare the issues
It was printed in Barcelona from February 15
to October 31, 1889, then in Madrid from
November 15, 1889 to November 15, 1895.
Contributors of La Solidaridad
M.H del Pilar Antonio Ma. Regidor
(Plaridel)

Dr. Jose Rizal Isabelo delos Reyes

(Laong Laan)

Mariano Ponce Eduardo de Lete

(Tigbalang)

Antonio Luna Jose Alejandrino

(Taga-ilog)

Jose Ma. Panganiban Professor Blumentrit

(Jomapa)

Dr. Pedro Paterno Dr. Morayta

 To portray vividly
To work peacefully
the deplorable
for the political and
condition of the
social reforms
Philippines

To combat the evil

To advocate liberal
forces of medievalism
ideas and progress
and reaction

To champion the
la solidaridad legitimate aspirations
of the Filipino people
Aims to: for democracy and
happines
 … la solidaridad
“We are persuaded that there are no sacrifices
that are too little to win the rights and the
liberty of a nation that is oppressed by
slavery.”
(M.H. del Pilar’s farewell editorial)

The publication ended on Nov. 15,

1895 after an existence of seven years.
 Literature of the
Propaganda Movement
Despite its political spirit, the
Propaganda Movement produced
certain meritorious literary works
which contributed to the blossoming
of Filipino literature.
 Circulo Hispano Filipino

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 …circulo hispano-filipino
 Established in 1882 by a group of Filipino
students in Madrid led by Juan Atayde,
retired army officer and Philippine born
Spaniard
 An organization composed of Filipino and
Spaniards.
 The aim of the association is reform the
Philippines during Spaniards colonization.
 …circulo hispano-filipino

The organization was able to publish the

Revista del Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a
newspaper aimed at expressing thoughts
about the abusive Spanish government.
The publication was short-lived due to lack
of funds and conflicting issues, thus leading
to the dissolution of the organization.
 Kidlat Club
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 …kidlat club
Kidlat Club – a social society of a temporary
nature
Purpose:
To bring together the young Filipinos in the French
capital so that they could enjoy their sojourn in the
city during the duration of the Exposition
Members:
Antonio & Juan Luna, Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando
Canon, Lauro Dimayuga, Julio Llorente, Guillermo
Puatu & Baldomero Roxas
…freemasonry
…freemasonry
MASONIC PRINCIPLES …freemasonry
• Every true • Freemasons strive • From earliest
Freemason will for truth both in times Freemasons
their view of have been taught
show tolerance themselves and in to help those in
and respect for their dealings with distress without
the opinions of others. Masonry detriment to their
others and will requires high moral dependents, and
behave with standards and its to give their
members
compassion and support to outside
endeavour to
understanding charities.
uphold these
to his fellows. principles in their
public and private
lives.

Brotherly
love Truth Relief
 ... freemasonry
Freemasonry or the masons, were a secret
society composed of liberal and republican
Spaniards in Spain.
Spanish Masons openly and freely critized
the government the government policies and
particulary lambasted the friars
Rizal joined Freemasonry to secure their aid
in the fight against Friars in the Philippines
 ... freemasonry
Many Filipino propagandists turned masons
because they needed the help of masons in
Spain and in other countries in their fight for
reforms.
This organization called Freemasonry,
consisted of fraternal lodges, which later
evolved into social societies subsequently
opened to non-masons
 Masonic lodges in the Philippines
Revolucion founded by Lopez Jaena in Barcelona

It was recognized by the Grande Oriental Español in It ended after Lopez Jaena resigned as Worshipful
April 1889 Master on November 29, 1889.

Lodge Solidaridad founded in Madrid by MH del Pilar and Julio

Llorente
It prospered that other Filipinos joined it including
It was recognized by the Grande Oriental Español in
Jose Rizal, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Baldomero Roxas,
May 1890
Galiciano Apacible, etc.

Lodge Nilad was founded in Manila on January 6, 1892

The masonic lodges in the country grew in number
In one of their meetings, the masons set forth their and eventually included women. The first woman to
platforms be admitted was Rosario Villaruel, who was initiated
as a member of the Lodge Walana.
work for freedom
work for good
and prosperity in
the Philippines government

Mason in the
Philippines
aims to

ask for
establish the
representation in
Philippines as a
the Spanish
province of Spain
Cortes
 La Liga Filipina
“Unus Instar Omnium”
(One Like All)

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 … la liga filipina
a political association of patriotic Filipinos
founded by Rizal to crusade for reforms.

 founded by Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892 in a

house at Ilaya St., Tondo

 its constitution was written by Jose Rizal,

helped by Jose Ma. Basa

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 Union of the
Archipelago Mutual
into a compact, protection in all
cases of
vigorous, and pressing
homogeneous necessity
body

Defense
… la liga against all
AIMS violence
filipina and
injustice

Study and Encouragement

of education,
application agriculture, and
of reforms commerce
 … la liga filipina
President
Ambrosio Salvador

Fiscal
Agustin dela Rosa

Treasurer
Bonifacio Arevalo

Secretary
Deodato Arellano
 ✔Andres ✔Moises Salvador
Bonifacio
✔Jose A. Dizon ✔Timoteo Paez
✔Apolinario
Mabini ✔Domingo Franco ✔Arcadio del
Rosario
✔Mamerto
Natividad ✔Numeriano
Andriano
✔Ambrosio
✔Timoteo Lanuza
Rianzares Bautista

Members … la liga
filipina
 … la liga filipina

 However, three days after the founding

of Liga Filipina, Rizal was arrested by
order of Governor General Despujol

 On July 6, 1892, Rizal was exiled to

Dapitan-known to be the Liga Filipina’s
collapse.
 Is Propaganda Movement

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 BOTH

 Although the Propaganda  The leaders are greedy

had not brought reality and ambitious.
changes and reforms in the  The cannot create
country, the spirit of change.
nationhood had its roots in  They only wanted
the movement. reforms of their own
 It iniated the voice of interest.
Filipinos to speak and  They have lack of funds
came out of their cage. and internal conflict of
 It awakened the minds of the propagandists.
the Filipinos and gave them
a sense of culture identity.