PARTA Read Text | and answer questions 1-20 on pages 1-4 of the Question-Answer Book for Part A. Text} More teens would rather text their friends than hang out IRL pees [1] Either teens are delusional about their social media use, or adults are freaking out over nothing. That seems to be one conclusion of Common Sense Media’s 2018 Social Media, Social Life survey, which polled a nationally representative group of more than 1 000 US teens on their use of and feelings about Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat and their ilk 5 [2] First, the conceming news: Social media use is way up and smartphones are now near ubiquitous. But teens also say that using social media strengthens their friendships with family and friends, provides them with a valuable source of creative self-expression, and makes them feel ess lonely and more connected. They are fully aware that spending time on their smartphones detracts from homework and face-to-face communication, and they know that tech companies are out to get their attention, designing products to keep them tethered to 10. their phones. But in sum, they’ve got things handled. [3] ‘The evidence is overwhelming that, for the most part, teens are doing fine on social media,’ said Sierra Filucci, chief executive editor of parenting content at Common Sense. ‘Through their experiences they are feeling less anxious, less depressed and less lonely,’ she said. In a way, teen attitudes sound a lot like those of grown-ups: Social media is an inevitable part of life, with upsides and downsides, and they are dealing as best 15° they can, — [4] The survey is self-reported, which means it has limitations. (We can pretty easily delude ourselves, not to ‘mention others) Butin comparison toa separate, nationally representative group of 13-to-17-year-olds Common Sense surveyed in 2012, it shows how teens’ social-media usage and atitudes are generally changing over time. [5] By this measure, some of the news seems a bit alarming. The percentage of teens who engage with social 20 media multiple times a day rose from 34% in 2012 to 70% in 2018. Sixteen percent report using social media ‘almost constantly,’ and another 22% say they use it several times an hour. [6] Perhaps most worrisome from the vantage point of grown-ups who feel there is real value in human, face- to-face connection is this: In 2012, the share of teens who reported that ther favourite way to communicate i person was 49%, That figure has since dropped by almost half, to 32% in 2018. Texting is now teens’ 25 communication method of choice. [7] Ron Dahl, director of the Center on the Developing Adolescent atthe University of Califomia, Berkeley, says this may be because teens don’t differentiate the way adults do between in-person and tech-related communication. Texting offers the teen brain — which is super-sensitive about how others evaluate them ~ more control, which they lke, ‘Interacting in real time is riskier, and it’s even riskier when you are self-conscious,’ he 30. says, ‘Social media allows more editing.” A1O (¥o.2) + Paper 1 » Mock Test 5 (Reading - Part ) 2[8] The study also noted some stark changes in platforms’ popularity over the past six years. In 2012, 68% said Facebook was their main social media site. In 2018, that figure had plummeted to 15%; in case you have been asleep for five years, Instagram and Snapchat now rule. cee [9] There is growing awareness about the intense growth and heightened sensitivity of teens’ brains in 35. adolescence, Neurobiological and hormonal changes elevate their desire to feel a sense of belonging, to be respected and admired, and to find meaning. It isa period of peak growth and potential, but also tremendous risks, (It is no coincidence that the risk of death rises dramatically in adolescence, from causes including suicide, violence, depression, substance abuse, and sexually-transmitted diseases, to name a few:) Smartphones seem to amplify and exacerbate what is already happening, including a strong desire to communicate 40 and connect. As danah boyd* says, teens are not addicted to technology, they are addicted to each other. Tech is simply their medium, [10] Both Dahl and Lisa Damour, a psychologist and author, argue there is one area that adults should be truly concerned about: Teens’ sleep. ‘We know all we need to know about the importance of sleep to human functioning,’ Damour says. “If we wanted to invent something to undermine thriving, we would invent 45 something to undermine sleep.’ The phone may qualify. Damour says one of the only longitudinal studies to make a connection between mobile phone use and mental health problems identified sleep as the main culprit: kids whose phones disturbed their sleep went on to have greater mental health issues. [11] Dahl says smartphones can initiate a vicious cycle: A teen is anxious and worried, so he uses his phone at night, which stimulates his brain and body and causes him to ruminate more. Meanwhile, the light from the 50 phone convinces him he should be awake, so he keeps scrolling *You have this spiral of effects,” Dahl says. [12] According to the Common Sense survey, teens do try to self-regulate phone use (or respond to their parents’ attempts to regulate) at bedtime or during meals. Few, however, seem to feel the need to turn phones off with friends. [13] ‘The study wamns of plenty of risks that come with social media. Teens who report lower social and 55 emotional well-being (which the survey assessed) were significantly more likely to be eyberbullied: a shocking 35%, compared to 5% of those kids on the higher end of the social-emotional well-being scale. Filucci says we need to figure out how to ID these kids and help them. ice [14] But by large margins, teens say they are doing okay. ‘Across every measure in our survey, feens are more likely to say that social media has a positive rather than a negative effect on how they feel,’ the report says. 60 [15] In other words, teens seem to be figuring how to manage their phone use through the time-tested tactic of trial and error. Filucci says parents should encourage their kids to think critically about the costs and benefits of sereen time. ‘As parents, we want to jump in and solve everything. To some extent, we need to let them negotiate some of those social dynamics on their own.” * danah boyd isan academic and researcher who has for over a decade researched how young people use social media as part of their everyday practices. In 2000, she legally changed her name to be writen in lower case. ‘Source: adapted from Jenny Anderson's ‘More teens would rather text their friends than hang out IRL’, Quartz by Atlantic ‘Monthly Group Ine, 10 Sep 2018, Reproduced with permission of Atlantic Monthly Group Ine. END OF READING PASSAGE AIO (¥oL2) + Paper I+ Mock Tet $ (Reading ~ Part A) 3PART B2 Read Text 3 and answer questions 43-63 on pages 1-4 of the Question-Answer Book for Part B2. Text3 Startup takes stress out of fed-up workers’ exit plans [1] There was the 24-year-old insurance saleswoman who got sick of being yelled at when she couldn’t reach, her quota. Then there’s the exhausted designer who clocked 160 hours of monthly overtime. And the ramen noodle shop employee who suffered stress to the point of developing depression. [2] They all shared a common problem: for one reason or another, they couldn't pluck up the courage to quit. 5 Instead, they asked Exit to make that nerve-wracking call [B] ‘Quitting jobs can be a soul-crushing hassle. We're here to provide a sense of relief by taking on that burden,’ said Toshiyuki Nino, co-founder of Senshi S LLC, a startup he and childhood friend Yuichiro Okazaki launched last year. [4] The company operates Exit, a service that relays an employee's intention to resign for a fee: ¥50 000 for 10 full-time employees and ¥40 000 for part-time workers. Repeat clients get a ¥10 000 discount. [5] Whether or not people consider that expensive depends on how desperate they are. But if business is any indication, many regard it as a worthy investment for some much-needed peace of mind. In the one year since Niino and Okazaki set up shop, they have mediated the resignations of roughly 700 to 800 clients from across the nation as the number of requests surge. 15 [6] Amid a tight job market and an improving economy, more workers are changing jobs, lured by higher salaries and fewer hours. [7] The labour ministry says there were 5.05 million workers in 2017 who found new jobs within a year of leaving their last employment, up about 270 000 from the previous year. Of them, 36.2 percent saw higher ‘wages, up 0.9 points from 2016. 20. [8] That may bode well for Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's plans to shake up Japan’s rigid labour market. But in nation notorious for its excessive work culture, quitting is still no easy task. [9] The piles of paperwork to fill out, bosses incessantly trying to talk subordinates out of leaving and the silent recrimination filling the workplace all standin the way, and Nino, who worked for three firms before taking the entrepreneurial path, says he understands firsthand the psychology of those who cower at the prospect of 25 enduring the daunting process. [10] ‘Quitting should be something positive,’ the 28-year-old said atthe startup’s Tokyo office. [11] “It’s good for companies, too. Employees thinking of resigning generally aren’t very productive, It can resolve the talent mismatch at an early stage and would help enhance labour market fluiity.” [12] Corporate Japan has been under pressure to review its labour practices since the high-profile suicide of a 30 24-year-old female employee of advertising giant Dentsu Inc. in 2015 revived the nation’s decades-long struggle to curb its extreme work ethic. The woman’s death was ruled by labour inspectors asa case of kardshi, ot death from overwork. AIO (¥ol2) + Paper I+ Mock Test 5 (Reading ~ Part B2) 2[13] Niino and Okazaki said they have worked for clients who felt comered to the point of considering taking their own lives. For them, Exit provided a life-saving solution, 35. [14] Once an online request is accepted and the fee is deposited, Exit contacts the employer and notifies them of the client's intention to resign and how, in most cases, they will no longer be coming in to work. Exit will relay other requests the client may have, including using up any paid leave, but steers clear of anything that requires a lawyer to handle, such as negotiating severance packages. [15] ‘We're strictly the messenger and won't stick our nose into legal matters,’ Okazaki said. 40 [16] Some employers raise a fuss, demanding they talk to clients directly, but in the end, they have all obliged. Necessary paperwork and any belongings that need to be returned will be exchanged between the client and employer by mail, while Exit will be the conduit for any queries either party may have. [17] The Constitution guarantees the freedom of choosing careers, while the Civil Code ensures the freedom of retiring, with employment terminating two weeks from the day the request is made. In most cases Exit’s 45_ clients use paid holidays for that period, or if they have none lef, opt for unpaid leave. [18] Work regulations and employment contracts may stipulate a longer notice period, but the law generally takes priority, and so far employers haven’t taken legal action to prevent resignations. [19] ‘Some employers are surprised that a job like ours exists,” Niino said, [20] Indeed, Exit has carved out a niche by addressing an underlying demand in a nation where job-hopping 50 is still frowned upon. It’s also a business that requires little capital investment and expertise. Unlike most early- stage startups, Senshi S, which will soon become Exit Inc, is already profitable. [21] The partners embarked on starkly different paths after attending the same elementary school in Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture. [22] After graduating from Aoyama Gakuin University in Tokyo, Niino worked for three companies: SoftBank 55. Telecom Corp., which is now part of SoftBank Corp., Recruit Technologies Co., a subsidiary of major human resources firm Recruit Holdings Co., and CyberBuzz Inc. a group company of advertising firm CyberAgent Inc. [23] He only spent one year each in the first two jobs, disillusioned with the work and fed up with bullying bosses. Each time, leaving was an emotionally draining process. At SoftBank, he endured one-hour meetings 60 with five of his superiors asking him to stay. At Recruit, a resentful human resources manager reminded him of the investment the company has made in nurturing young talent like himself. (24] Okazaki, meanwhile, lft to study in the United States after graduating from Kaisei Senior High School in Tokyo, considered one of the best high schools in Japan. He dropped out of the University of North Texas after three years and returned to Japan, where he spent short stints as a formwork carpenter and as a demolition 65 worker, before settling down in the nightlife industry. [25] ‘I was never interested in a corporate job,’ the 29-year-old said. [26] When Niino called last year and sought his opinion on the idea for Exit, Okazaki was working at a hostess club in Tokyo's Kabuikicho district, Japan’s largest adult entertainment area. Now the two jokingly describe themselves as representing both white- and blue-collar workers. AIO (YoL2) + Paper I+ Mock Test $ (Reading ~ Part B2) 3Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Candidate Number Part Marke A Mock Test 5 a ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAPER 1 A PART A 82 QUESTION-ANSWER BOOK compulsory aaa 1 Write your Candidate Number in the space provided on this page. Read Text | and answer questions 1-20. (42 marks) Find a phrase in paragraph 1 that suggests the state of “being extremely upset or affected without a cause’. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of social media mentioned in paragraph 2? ‘A. making existing relationships stronger B. connecting more easily with others C. learning about the world A B Cc D D. showing who you are OO. Oo Based on the information in paragraph 2, complete the sentences below by underlining the correct answers. (2 marks) Teens have a (i) (vague / clear ) idea of social media's drawbacks. Overall, they are unconcemed about the drawbacks for they think they feel (i) ( immune to / in control of) it. i) Which of the following describes Sierra Filucci’s conclusion about social media’s influence on teens? (1 mark) She thinks social media has had effect on teens. A. zero B. verylittle C. a positive A B Cc D D. anegative ie) @) @) @) ii) How confident is Filucci about this conclusion? Quote a phrase from the text to illustrate your answer. (2 marks) According to paragraph 3, adults think that social media is... A. something that cannot be improved. B. ablend of both good and bad. C. unfairly given a bad name. yf D. getting worse all the time. oO 0 90 0 Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Answers written in the margins will not be marked, AIO (WoL2) + Paper I + Mock Test 5 (Q-APart A) 1 ‘ALLIN-ONE (Vol.2)Answers written in the margins will not be marked. 6. According to paragraph 4, which ofthe following s true about the 2012 and 2018 Common Sense surveys? ‘A. The 2012 survey was flawed because social media was not as widely used then. B. The 2018 survey more accurately reflected reality than the 2012 survey. C. A change in teens’ attitudes and use of social media can be observed. As BOCs D. Both surveys involved the same sample of respondents, Oe. © O 7. Decide whose views, teens’ or adults’, each ofthe following statements relates to based on the inform: in paragraphs 5-7. Blacken ONE circle only for each statement, (4 marks) teens adults i) In-person communication is important. Oo Oo ii) Social interaction in real time is stressful. Oo © ii) Texting is the standard mode of communication. Ore® iv) Talking in person and texting are very different. Ovi) 8. Based on paragraphs 5-8, determine whether the following figures increased or decreased between the times of the 2012 and 2018 surveys. If the answer cannot be found in the text, choose ‘not given’. Blacken ONE circle only for each figure. (3 marks) Number of teens ... increased decreased not given i) using social media ‘almost constantly” ‘© 'S ° ii) using social media more than once a day So Oo ° iii) using Facebook most of all Oo ©) Oo 9. What is the meaning of “Instagram and Snapchat now rule’ (line 33)? A. They have newly set up strict regulations for users. B. They are the most popular social media channels now. C. They will be the most popular platforms for thenextfive years. = A = BC D. They are competing to become the key player inthe tech industry © OQ OQ © 10. What does “it” in line 36 refer to? 11. According to paragraph 9, what is the writer's view of the role of smartphones in teens’ ives? A. They help teens keep track of their physical development, B. They serve as tools for teens to meet their social needs. C. They cause teens to become hypersensitive. A Bc >. D. They cause addictive behaviour in teens. cece eee eee Answers written in the margins will not be marked, AIO (VoL2) + Paper I+ Mock Test §(Q-A ~ Part A) 2 Answers written in the margins will not be marked,Answers written in the margins will not be marked. ‘A. limiting phone use after school B. having a time check on their phone use C. checking media updates in their free time A B C D D. keeping their phones turned on beside their beds Oo OO 0 0 14. Complete the sentence below based on the information in paragraph 10, Use ONE word only for each blank, All answers can be found in paragraph 10. (B marks) ‘Mobile phone use does not directly cause (i) issues amongst 3 teens; interrupted (ii), caused by phones is the main culprit as it (iii) 3 hhuman functioning. . ‘What does ‘there is one area that adults should be truly concerned about’ (lines 42-43) imply? Based on the findings of the longitudinal study described in paragraph 10, which of the following should teens avoid? ‘Complete the diagram below showing the vicious cycle described in paragraph 11, You may use more than cone word for some blanks. (5 marks) Teen feels anxious and worried. Answers written in the margins wi 1 Teens tums to their (i) at night to sooth their nerves. Y Teen keeps(v) Teen’s (ii) are through text messages, feeling restless. oe Fat the(iv)____________sereen keeps teen wide awake. According to paragraph 12, on what occasions do teen respondents consciously reduce their phone use, and on what occasions do they not? (3 marks) i) Teens reduce their phone use... ii) Teens do not reduce their phone use... Answers written in the margins will not be marked. AO (Vol2) «Paper + Mok Test 5 (QA~ Part A) 3Answers written in the margins will not be marked. 17. According to paragraph 13, who is more susceptible to cyberbullying? 18, What does ‘ID’ in line 57 stand for? 19. Complete the following summary of paragraphs 14 and 15, Use ONE word only foreach blank. Make sure your answers are grammatically correct. All answers can be found inthe specified paragraphs. Pay attention to word forms, plurals, ete (4 marks) According to the survey, respondents more readily admitted that technology had impacted them () _____. However, they were still at that stage of exploring how best to manage their (i) ________________ to suit their own needs and wants. Rather than taking matters into their own hands, (ii) ________ should focus on helping their teens think (iy) 20. Which of the following subheadings should be placed in the positions A-D indicated in the text? Write the letters (A-D) next to the matching subheadings. One subheading is not used. (4 marks) Subheadings Letters (A-D) The real problems with phone use Teen health issues on the rise Shifts in usage and attitude Kids feeling alright and doing fine Learning as they grow END OF PART A Answers written in the margins will not be marked, Answers written in the margins will not be marked, AIO (VoL2) + Paper I+ Mock Test 5 (Q-A~ Part A) 4Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Mock Test 5 ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAPER 1 B 2 PART B2 QUESTION-ANSWER BOOK DIFFICULT SECTION Write your Candidate Number in the space provided on this page. Read Text 3 and answer questions 43-63. (42 marks) 43, What THREE things did the people mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 have in common? Answer by completing the sentences below. (3 marks) i) Theyall felt eli ben ili) They all sought help from 44, Based on the information in paragraphs 3 and 4, which of the following statements is NOT true? Toshiyuki Niino and Yuichiro Okazaki first connected because of work. Part-time workers are charged less by Exit than full-time ones. Exit’s old customers get a discount. Bc Db A Exit isa service provider. OO @ © pape 45, According to paragraph 5, Exit... ‘A. did better than any ofits competitors B. broke even within the first 12 monte. C. reached a national audience within the first year. . oc D, had more business than they expected in the first year. so) tp 46. Why do you think mote workers are changing jobs in Japan ‘amid a tight job market and an improving economy’ (line 15)? Answers written in the margins will not be marked. 47, Based on the figures given by the labour ministry, which of the following is correct? A. More that five million workers were re-employed within one year in 2016. B. Less than half of the workers who changed jobs got a higher salary. C. Workers who changed jobs in 2016 got no pay rise. oe co D. 0.9 percent of workers got re-employed in 2016. 6 @ ya Ge | 48, Find words/phrases in paragraphs 8 and 9 that have similar meanings to the following. (2 marks) i) bea good sign ii) non-stop Answers written in the margins will not be marked. AIO (oL2) + Paper I+ Mock Test 5 (Q-A Part B2) 1 ‘ALLAN-ONE (Vol.2)Answers written in the margins will not be marked, 49. According to paragraph 9, what THREE hurdles do job leavers have to overcome when they announce their intention to resign? (3 marks) i) ii) iii) — ‘50. Based on the information in paragraphs 10 and 11, complete the following short text. Use ONE word only for each blank, All answers are used in the specified paragraphs. (5 marks) Niino encourages employers to see (i) jumping ship in a (i) ____ ight, pointing to the fact that most job quitters tend not to have been very (iii) ___________in the first place. Resignations can help solve the issue of (jy) in the workplace, making it easier for employees to move between jobs, ie. improving w) 51. What was the cause and the effect of the woman’s death mentioned in paragraph 12? (2 marks) Cause: Effect: 52. Why do Niino and Okazaki say “Exit provided a life-saving solution’ (line 34) for their clients? 453. Find an example of “legal matters’ (line 39) mentioned in paragraph 14, Answers written in the margins will not be marked. 10 (VaL2) + Paper I+ Mock Test 5 (Q-A ~ Part B2) 2 Answers written in the margins will not be marked.© Answers written in the margins will not be marked. 54, Complete the following notes on Exit’s work mode based on the information in paragraphs 14-16. You may use more than one word for each blank. Make sure your answers are grammatically correct. (6 marks) Exit's work mode Step I: Aclient contacts Exit ()) ____ and requests its service. Step 2: Exitaccepts the job request. Step 3: Exit receives a (ii) _____ from the client. Step 4: Exit informs the (ii) __________of (iv) Step 5: Exchanges of (v) are conducted by mail. If either party has any (vi) ________, Exit will help relay them. 55, Name TWO job-related legal rights that people in Japan are entitled to. (2 marks) i) ii) 56, What does ‘that period’ (line 45) refer to? 57. According to paragraph 19, some bosses had no knowledge of .. A. quitting notifications. B. quitting notification services. CC. the cause oftheir workers” quiting, 2c D. their workers quitting through an intermediary. OO) Oo 58, What two factors make Exit’s business idea a strong one? (2 marks) i) ii) 59. What does the statement ‘Unlike most early-stage startups, Senshi S... is already profitable” (lines 50-51) suggest about most early-stage startups? Answers written in the margins will not be marked. lO (YoL2) + Paper 1+ Mock Test 5 (QA Part B2) 3 I not be marked. Answers written in the marginsAnswers written in the margins will not be marked. (60. How did the human resources manager at Recruit try to make Niino feel about leaving? misunderstood frustrated annoyed A B Cc D guilty OO © © poe 61. The summary below is based on the information in paragraphs 22-26, In three of the lines, there is ONE. mistake. If you find a mistake, underline the mistake and replace the word with a word or phrase that expresses the correct idea. Write the word in the space onthe right If there is no mistake, put a ‘tick? (/) in the space. One has been done as an example. (4 marks) Summary Correction eg. | Okazaki studied at a notorious high schoo! in Japan prestigious i) _| He then studied at a university in the US and graduated three years after. Upon his return to Japan, he joined the white-collar workforce. iv) | Afterwards, he got himself a job in a corporation. 62. In your opinion, how may Niino and Okazaki’s diverse educational and professional backgrounds have impacted Exit? 63. i) What other services does Exit plan to offer in future? (J mark) ii) Do you think Exit would have an edge should it choose to expand in these directions? —_(! mark) END OF PART B2 Answers written in the margins will not be marked. Answers written in the margins will not be marked. AIO (VoL2) + Paper I+ Mock Test 5 (Q-A Part B2) 4