nsoHkk"kk

d{kk & 1
nsoHkk"kk & d{kk 1 Devabhasha - Class 1
r`rh; laLdj.k ¼ifj”o`ðr o ifjo£/kr½ % 2019 Third Edition (revised and enlarged) - 2019
ISBN : 978-93-85293-44-3 ISBN : 978-93-85293-44-3

izdk’kd % Publisher:
© bUVhxzy ifCy'klZ © Integral Publishers
Hkkjr esa izdkf'kr Printed in India
“It is of the utmost value to a nation, a human group-soul, to preserve its language and to
make of it a strong and living cultural instrument. A nation, race or people, which loses
its language, cannot live its whole life or its real life.”
Sri Aurobindo: SABCL Vol.15, p. 492-93

“A language, Sanskrit or another, should be acquired by whatever method is most natural,

efficient and stimulating to the mind and we need not cling there to any past or present manner
of teaching…”

Sri Aurobindo: Early Cultural Writings, CWSA Vol.1, p. 421

“The great mass of Sanskrit literature is

a literature of human life;…”
Sri Aurobindo: The Renaissance in India, CWSA Vol. 20, p.126

Sanskrit: “It is a more ancient language than the others and it contains the sounds, the root-
sounds of many words. This is something I studied with Sri Aurobindo and it is obviously very
interesting. Some of these roots can even be found in all the languages of the world—sounds,
root-sounds which are found in all those languages. Well, this, this thing, this is what ought to be
learnt and this is what the national language should be. Every child born in India should know
it, just as every child born in France has to know French…

“So I would like to have a simple Sanskrit…, as simple as possible, but not “simplified”—simple
by going back to its origin... all these sounds, the sounds that are the roots of the words which
were formed afterwards…”
The Mother, CWM Vol.12, pp. 414-15

“It would be better to learn Sanskrit and try to make it a truly living language.”

The Mother, 16th August 1969, CWM Vol.15, p. 287

 Preface

Samskritam means 'refined' or 'sculpted to perfection.' It is not a man-made

invention for only facilitating communication. Sanskrit is believed to be the
language of the Gods. It is a cultured language for the attainment of culture.
Every syllable and word in Sanskrit is derived from its root. The sounds of
Sanskrit language are root-sounds bearing truth-vibrations.
As a child, like millions in India, I too was exposed to Sanskrit in school. Six
decades ago, Sanskrit was introduced to students in Class 6, at age 11, and
taken away in Class 8, at age 13, much like today. However, research
concludes that the age at which a new language can be learned easily, with
great fluency and near-perfect accent, is from birth to age six or seven, after
which it becomes much harder.
The pedagogy that was used 60 years ago continues to be used even today. It
consists of presentations of and prescriptions for translation. The medium
of instruction is usually Hindi.The tables of conjugation are used as
mechanical tools which serve as strict guidelines that keep away the joyous
treasures of the language. As a result, neither could I learn the language too
well, nor did I become fully capable of understanding the rich literature it
possesses.
Despite my ignorance of the language, I felt strangely charmed when I
heard Sanskrit words. I aspired to dive into this vast, unknown ocean and
recover the treasures that seemed to shine in its depths. This hidden
aspiration has led me to a dream. My dream is that someday Sanskrit will
undergo a period of renaissance in India and, thereby, bring about a
recovery of our national character and values. For the fulfilment of this
dream, our team of dedicated teachers at Seth M.R. Jaipuria School,
Lucknow have tirelessly carried out an experiment for the past eleven years,
beginning 2003. We teach Sanskrit from Nursery level to Class 8. We
started on the premise that just as an infant learns his or her mother-tongue
effortlessly, s/he can learn multiple other languages too, spontaneously and
without much effort. As the experiment proceeded, our Sanskrit curriculum
and content underwent multiple improvements. Devabhasha, is a product
of this experimental exploration.
Our dream is to empower every child with the ability to understand and
converse in Sanskrit. We want to develop and nourish simple
conversational Sanskrit rather than the Sanskrit of scholars.Here I would
like to distinguish between the study of language and the study of literature.
Experiments in pedagogy show that students of literature often do not
develop proficiency in language at the same level as those who studied the
language in an intensive manner. In Devabhasha, we attempt to avoid
literary finesse but provide exercises for conversation, idiomatic
expressions, paraphrasing and translation- all the main tools required for
linguistic proficiency. Our aim is to reach, through rigorous
experimentation, a simple and effective methodology of teaching Sanskrit.
At Jaipuria School, Lucknow, we teach Sanskrit through the direct method,
i.e. through the medium of Sanskrit alone. When a student knows that the
teacher will not converse in any other language than the one being taught,
the student will make a greater effort to learn that language. Our Sanskrit
teachers speak, teach, live, breathe and enjoy only Sanskrit. Their influence
on the children is, indeed, uplifting!
We believe that every Indian should be empowered with the capacity, in
his/her school life itself, to understand spontaneously and directly, the very
essence of India and its rich culture and values encrypted in its texts. When
poetry is enjoyed directly, without having to resort to a translation, the joy
derived is multiplied manifold. In Devabhasha, we have exposed the
students to the earliest poetry written in the history of civilization, verses
from the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Valmiki, Kalidasa and others.
Similarly, the power of transformation of a mantra is increased manifold
when not only is the pronunciation perfect, but the essence too is absorbed
directly without a translation acting as an intermediary. In short, within a
period of 8 to 10 years of exploration, students spontaneously imbibe values
from these ancient texts, as they gradually find their way into the lush green
forests of our culture.
The power of illumination, the power of heroism and the power of harmony
are three powers which can uplift irresistibly. No human being can remain
insensitive to these powers. We have included in our text, shining examples
of illumined minds, examples of people whose actions represented the
strength of sheer courage, bravery and heroism, and examples of persons
whose hearts displayed love, harmony and devotion of an extraordinary
nature.
Duryodhana said, “Dharmam janami na cha me pravrittih, adharmam
janami na cha me nivrittih,” “I know what is dharma or the right action but I
don't have the inclination to practise it. I know what is adharma or the wrong
action but I do not possess the inclination to be free from it.” The over-
arching question arises - what is the pedagogy that will chisel such a
personality that not only knows right from wrong, but also possesses the
strength of will to choose the right and practise it?
Human beings are generally aware of three personalities within them- the
physical personality, the emotional or vital personality, and the mental
personality. According to Swami Vivekananda's ideals of 'man-making
education' there is also a fourth aspect within us which can empower us with
the strength of will to choose the right and practise it. Education regarding
this aspect is indispensable.
What is that fourth dimension? The fourth dimension is the dimension of the
Spirit, our Soul.
Devabhasha has accorded special attention to the presence of the Soul, the
Spirit in man. There are a number of verses in Devabhasha, chosen from our
Sanskrit texts which beckon towards this dimension and if students are
exposed to these verses over a period of several formative years, we, as
parents and educators, will have ensured, to the best of our ability, an
integrated and holistic growth of their personality. These texts will not only
help in igniting a quest in the minds of students to discover the Infinite that
remains veiled within their being, but also empower them with the power of
the spirit to synthesise the different aspects of their personality.
It is the duty of every educationist to address this important dimension in the
student's portfolio of education.
Let me clarify here, that these values are universal and eternal in nature,
saarvabhaumik and sanatana, and they would enrich any being,
irrespective of his/her nationality, religion, class or creed.
anjali jaipuria
lEinkuUn feJ
osð;wjkf.k u Hkw”k;fUr iq#”ka gkjk u pUæksTToyk
u Lukua u foysiua u oqðlqea ukyÈo`ðrk ew/kZtk% A
ok.;sdk leyƒjksfr iq#”ka ;k laLo`ðrk /kk;Zrs
{kh;Urs [kyq Hkw”k.kkfu lrra okXHkw”k.ka Hkw”k.ke~ AA
¼HkrZ`gfjuhfr'krde~ ½

It is not armlets that adorn a man,

Nor necklaces all crammed with moonbright pearls,

Nor baths, nor ointments, nor arranged curls.

'Tis art of excellent speech that only can

Adorn him: jewels perish, garlands fade;

This only abides and glitters undecayed.

(Translation by Sri Aurobindo)

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u izkiëksfrA vUrs DykUr% Hkofr dFk;fr p & ^vgks æk{kkQya rq
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dFk;fr vU;=k xPNfr p A

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'k`xky% æk{kkQya p
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 vejdks'k%

vejdks'k vejflag }kjk jpk ,d ,slk xzUFk gS ftlesa laLÑr Hkk"kk osð lkjs i;kZ; fn;s x;s gSaA
izkphudky esa fo|kjEHk vejdks'k ls gh fd;k tkrk FkkA
laLÑr Hkk"kk ,d ,slh Hkk"kk gS ftlesa i;kZ; 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx vf/kdkf/kd gSA ;s i;kZ;okph 'kCn
u osðoy laLd̀r Hkk"kk dh 'kCn le`f) dks Li"V djrs gSa oju~ 'kCnksa dh oSKkfudrk vkSj vFkZ fo'ks"k
dks izdV djrs gSaA

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 lIrn'k% ikB%
fnO;ok.kh
nsoHkk"kk iqLrd osð izR;sd Hkkx esa fnO;ok.kh uked fo'ks"k ikB j[kk x;k gSA bl ikB esa osn] mifu"kn~ vkSj
Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk osð p;fur ea=kksa o 'yksdksa dk ladyu fd;k x;k gSA fu%lUnsg ;s izFke n`f"V esa Nk=kksa osð fy,
dfBu izrhr gksaxsA ge lc dk mn~ns'; ;g gS fd ckY;koLFkk esa buosð mPpkj.k ,oa Lej.k ls Nk=kksa esa tks uhao iM+
tk;sxh mlls mudk Hkkoh thou laLdkjoku~ cusxkA
bu ea=kksa osð vFkZ dfBu izrhr gkasxs ij ge lcus ;g iz;kl fd;k gS fd f'k{kdksa osð le>us o le>kus osð Lrj
rd budk vFkZ fy[kk tk,A vkxs ;g f'k{kdksa ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd os Nk=kksa rd bu ea=kksa dk lkj oSðls izLrqr djsaA

osnjgL;e~
1& vfxëehGs iqjksfgra ;KL; nsoe~ _fRote~ A
gksrkja jÃ/kkree~ AA _x~osn%] 1-1-1
vfxëe~ & laƒYi ;k vHkhIlk :ih tks vfXu@vkRek nso gekjs lcosð än; esa mifLFkr gSa] bZGs & eSa
mikluk djrk gw¡] iqjksfgre~ ;KL; & tks gekjs ;K Lo:i thou esa vxz.kh gksdj gekjs laƒYi ;k
vHkhIlk dks vkxs c<+krs gaS] nsoe~ & tks gekjs lkjs dek±s dk nso gS] _fRote~ & lR; osð loksZÙke Kkrk]
gksrkje~ & nsoksa dk vkokgu djus okys] jÃ/kkree~ & vkuUn osð loksZÙke /kkj.k vkSj forj.k djus
okys A

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ea=k osð æ"Vk _f"k e/kqPNUnk oS'okfe=k gSaA nsork vfXu gSa vkSj NUn xk;=kh gSA
osnksa esa tgk¡&tgk¡ vfXu dh Lrqfr dh x;h gS] ogk¡&ogk¡ vfXu dks nks :iksa esa ns[kk x;k
gS&oká vkSj vkUrfjd A oqðN yksx oká vfXu dks vkgwfr nsrs le; oSfnd ea=kksa dk iz;ksx
djrs gSaA oqðN yksx vkRek :ih vfXu dks vkgwfr nsrs gSaA
bl ea=k osð ek/;e ls _f"k e/kqPNUnk oS'okfe=k us vius Hkhrj fNih gq;h vkRek dks
lEcksf/kr fd;k gSA os bl vkRek dks vfXu dh mikf/k nsrs gSa& og vfXu tks mðij dh vksj
izTTofyr gSA gs vfXu ! vki izTTofyr gksaA bl thou:ih ;K osð vki gh iqjksfgr gSaA vki
gh gekjs thou dk lapkyu djsaA vki gh iw.kZijes'oj osð Lo:i gSaA vki gh mfpr le; osð
iw.kZKkrk gSa A vkgwfr osð }kjk fnO;Lo:i ijekRek dk vkãku djus okys vki gh gSaA gs
vfXu ! ije vkuUn dk vki gh vuqHko dj ldrs gSaA ;gk¡ _f"k dk ;g vfHkizk; gS fd
vius fopkj] vius Hkko o vius deZ] lfe/kk dh Hkk¡fr] vius Hkhrj fLFkr vfXu:ih
vkRek esa vkgwfr p<+kus ls vkSj mUgsa ekxZ izn'kZu osð fy, vkãku ls] euq"; vius

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 lIrn'k% ikB%
fnO;ok.kh fnO;ok.kh
vkRek:ih bZ'oj ls laca/k LFkkfir dj] mUgsa viuk ekxZ izn'kZd@ iqjksfgr cuk ldrk gSA
2 & vxës Roa lq tkx`fg o;a lqefUn"khefg A
j{kk.kks viz;qPNu~ izcq/ks u% iquLo`ðf/k AA ;tqosZn] 4-14
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j{kk djks] viz;qPNu~ & lrr tkx:d gksrs gq,] izcq/ks & gekjs izcks/ku osð fy, vFkkZr~ gesa vKku:ih
fuæk ls eqDr djus osð fy,] iquLo`ðf/k & ckj&ckj izsfjr djsa A

vFkZ & ;g ea=k ;tqosZn osð pkSFks ¼4½ v/;k; dk pkSngok¡ ¼14½ ea=k gSA bl ea=k osð æ"Vk _f"k
iztkifr gSa rFkk nsork vfXu gSaA
gs vfXu ! vki lE;d~:i ls gekjs Hkhrj izTTofyr gksa ftlls fd ge ltx jgsa
vkSj gesa ckj&ckj vkils izsj.kk feysA vki gesa nq"deZ djus ls jksdsa ,oa gekjh j{kk djsaA gesa
ges'kk tkx:d j[kus osð fy, vkSj gesa vKkurk ls eqDr djus osð fy, vki gesa ckj& ckj
izsfjr djsaA vkiosð vuqHko esa gh gekjk ije vkuUn gSA
mifu”kn~opue~
3 & lR;a onA /ke± pjA Lok/;k;ku~ ek izen%A
ekr`nsoks HkoA fir`nsoks HkoA vkpk;Znsoks HkoA
J);k ns;e~A vJ);k vns;e~A fJ;k ns;e~A få;k ns;e~A
fHk;k ns;e~A lafonk ns;e~AA rSfÙkjh;&mifu"kn~
ek izen% & foeq[k er gks] fJ;k & leLr izdkj osð fodkjksa ls jfgr izlêkrk osð lkFk] få;k & fouezrk
osð lkFk] fHk;k & fu%lƒksp ;k le£ir gksdj] lafonk & Kku osð lkFk ;k lpsru gksdjA

vFkZ & ;g ea=k rSÙkjh; mifu"kn~ osð izFke ¼1½ oYyh dk X;kjgok¡ ¼11½ vuqokoð gS] ftlesa
len'khZ xq# vius f'k"; dks osn dk Hkyh&Hkk¡fr v/;;u djok djosð lekorZu laLdkj1 osð

1
v/;;u iw.kZ djus osð ckn tc f'k"; x`gLFk thou esa izos'k djrk gSA

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 lIrn'k% ikB%
fnO;ok.kh

le; x`gLFk /keZ dk ikyu djus dh f'k{kk nsrs gSaA

lR;a on--------------------------vkpk;Znsoks HkoA
vFkZ & loZnk lR; cksyksA lgh ekxZ]/keZ osð ekxZ ij pyksA Lok/;k; ¼Lo;a vosðys cSBdj
v/;;u½ esa vkyL; er djks A ekrk ,oa firk dks bZ'oj osð leku le> dj mudk lEeku
,oa lsok djksA fo|k ;k Kku nsus okys xq# dks Hkh bZ'oj osð leku le>ks ,oa mudks vknj
,oa lsok iznku djksA
J);k ns;e~- ------------------------lafonk ns;e~A
vFkZ & tks oqðN Hkh fn;k tk,] og J)kiwoZd nsuk pkfg,A vJ)kiwoZd dksbZ nku ugha nsuk
pkfg,A lc izdkj osð fodkjksa ls jfgr gksdj] izlUurk osð lkFk nsuk pkfg,A nku
yTtkiwoZd ,oa fouezrk osð lkFk nsuk pkfg,A fu%ladksp Hkko ,oa le£ir gksdj nku nsuk
pkfg,A nku lnk tkx:d gksdj Kku osð lkFk nsuk pkfg,A
,d ckj jghe th vius ?kj osð ckgj fdlh O;fDr dks dq N ns jgs Fks] rHkh muosð fe=k xax
dfo iwNrs gSa &
dgk¡ ls lh[ks [kku tw¡] ,fg izdkj dks nsuA
T;ksa&T;ksa mð¡pks dj mBs] R;ksa&R;ksa uhps uSuA
jghe th mÙkj nsrs gSa &
nsugkj dksm vkSj gS] nsr jgr fnu jSuA
yksx Hkje eksfg ij djSa] rkrS uhps uSuA
xhrke`re~
4 & ;=k ;ksxsÌj% o`ð".kks ;=k ikFkksZ /kuq/kZj% A
r=k Jh£ot;ks Hkwfr% /kzqok uhfreZfreZe AA Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk] 18-78
;=k & tgk¡] ;ksxsÌj% & Hkxoku] ikFkZ% & vtZqu dk ,d uke] Jh% & le`f)] Hkwfr% & ,sÌ;Z] /kzqok &
fufËr] uhfr% & fl)kUr] efr% & er A

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lIrn'k% ikB%
fnO;ok.kh

vFkZ & ;g 'yksd egf"kZ osnO;kl osð }kjk jfpr Jhen~ Hkxon~xhrk osð vBkjgosa ¼18½
v/;k; dk vfUre vBÙkjok¡ ¼78½ 'yksd gSA
l×t; dgrs gSa fd tgk¡&tgk¡ Jho`ð".k vkSj vtqZu gSa] ogk¡&ogk¡ le`f)] fot; ,oa ,s'o;Z
gSaA ,slk l×t; dk n`<+ fo'okl gSA
bZ'oj lnSo gekjs Hkhrj vkRek osð :i esa fo|eku gSaA ;fn ge vkRe:ih xq# dks vius
fopkj] vius Hkko vkSj vius dk;Z lefiZr djrs jgsa rks fuf'pr gh vtqZu dh Hkk¡fr ge Hkh
le`f)] fot; ,oa ,s'o;Z dks izkIr djrs jgsaxsA
5 & ;ks eka iÜ;fr loZ=k lo± p ef; iÜ;fr A
rL;kga u iz.kÜ;kfe l p es u iz.kÜ;fr AA Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk] 6- 30
iÜ;fr & ns[krk gS] loZ=k & lc txg] lo± & lc dq N] ef; & eq>esa] iz.kÜ;kfe & u"V gksuk] iz.kÜ;fr
& u"V djrk gSA

vFkZ & ;g 'yksd egf"kZ osnO;kl jfpr Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk ds NBosa ¼6½v/;k; dk rhlok¡
¼30½ 'yksd gSA
Jho`ð".k vtqZu dks viuh loZO;kidrk osð ckjs esa crkrs gq, dgrs gSa fd gs vtqZu ! tks eq>s
py&vpy rFkk lHkh txg ns[krk gS vkSj lcdks eq>esa ns[krk gS] og esjk vuqHko dj
ldrk gSA eSa mlosð lkFk lnk jgrk gw¡ vkSj mldk dHkh uk'k ugha gksus nsrk gw¡A og dHkh
eq>ls nwj ugha gksrk gSA

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iqPNghu% HkÉqd%

tkukfl] oqðDoqðjL; iqPNe~ vfLr u ok \ vke~ vfLrA Ük`xkyL; \ vke~

vfLrA O;k?kzL; \ vke~ ] vfLrA HkÉqdL; \ u fg] HkÉqdL; iqPNa ukfLrA HkÉqdL;

iqPNa fdeFk± ukfLr \ oqðÿqjL; vfLr] Ük`xkyL; vfLrA iwo± HkÉqdL; vfi iqPNe~

vklhr~ &vrho lqUnja iqPNe~ ] fo'kkya iqPNe~A tkukfl] dFka rL; iqPNa xre~ \

dFk;kfe] Ük`.kqA

iwoZe~ ] cgqo"ksZH;% iwo± HkÉqd%] oqðÿqj%] Ük`xky% fe=kkf.k vklu~A ,dnk cgq'khra

HkofrA
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rnk fnus vfr 'khre~A oqð=kkfi Hkkstua ukfLrA 'khrjkf=k%A Ük`xkky% oqðÿqj'p eRL;a

/krq± xrkSA loZ=k fgee~A Ük`xky% fges xrZe~ djksfrA ija }kS fefyRok eRL;ku~ /kjr%]

,d%] }kS] =k;%] pRokj% ----- ;nk uo eRL;k% HkofUr rnk HkÉqd% vkxPNfrA HkÉqd%

i`PNfr] ^^fda oqð#Fk%\ vgks eRL;% ! vge~ bPNkfe] vga [kkfn";kfe] vga Hk`'ka

{kqf/kr%A Ük`xky% dFk;fr] Hkzkr% HkÉqd ! foHktkeA ee =k;% eRL;k%] oqðÿqjL; =k;%

eRL;k% ro =k;% eRL;k%A** HkÉqd% u Ük`.kksfrA l% lokZu~ eRL;ku~ [kknfrA oqðÿqj%

nq%f[kr%A Ük`xky% {kqf/kr%A HkÉqd% vkufUnr% xr%A Ük`xky% dFk;fr ^^HkÉqd% dFke~

,oa lokZu~ eRL;ku~ [kknfr ! vga n'kZf;";kfe re~A

Ük`xky% vfrprqj%A l% HkÉqdL; ikÜo± xPNfr] lqUnjHkkosu onfr] ^^Hkzkr%

HkÉqd! Roa eRL;ku~ bPNfl \ cgwu~ eRL;ku~ nkL;kfeA vkxPN e;k lgA yksHkh

HkÉqd% Ük`xkysu lg xPNfrA Ük`xky% ra cgqnwja u;frA ija fges ,da xr± [kufrA

^^Hkzkr% ! v=k uhpS% cgo% eRL;k% lfUrA Roa xrsZ iqPNa iwj; A 'kkUrHkkosu mifo'kA

fdf×pRdkykr~ ija eRL;k% vkxfe";fUr] iqPNa /kfj";fUrA ,d% eRL;% }kS eRL;kS]

=k;% eRL;k%] ija cgo% eRL;k% vkxfe";fUrA Üo% izHkkrs] ;nk iqPNa Hkkfj Hkofr] rnk

,de~ ] }s] =khf.k x.kf;Rok iqPNa cysu d"kZA losZ eRL;k% xrkZr~ cfgj~ vkxfe";fUrA

dfj";fl \
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HkÉqd% vke~ dFkf;Rok xrsZ iqPNa iwjf;Rok r=k 'kkUrHkkosu mifo'kfrA Ük`xky%
rL; iqPNL; prq£n'ka fgea LFkki;frA iqunZ'kZuk; bfr dFkf;Rok xPNfrA yksHkh
HkÉqd% r=kSo mifo'kfrA jkf=k% vkxrkA 'khra izcya HkofrA fgea irfrA fgea iqPNL;
mifj eUna eUna Ÿ<a HkofrA xr± eUna eUna iw.k± HkofrA HkÉqdL; iqPNa eUna eUna Hkkfj
HkofrA l% fpUr;fr Üo% izHkkrs cgwu~ eRL;ku~ izkIL;kfeA izHkkra HkofrA nwjkr~
Ük`xky% vkã;fr] ^^HkÉqdHkzkr% ! iqPNa Hkkfj Hkofr \** HkÉqd% dFk;fr&^^ vke~ ]] cgq
HkkfjA vga iqPNa pkyf;rqe~ vfi u 'kDuksfeA** Ük`xky% glu~ dFk;fr]
^^HkÉqdHkzkr%! ,de~ ] }s] =khf.k dFkf;Rok d"kZ] cysu d"kZA v/kquk losZ eRL;k% roA**
HkÉqd% nh?k± Üoflfr] x.k;fr& ,de~ ] }s] =khf.kA ija iw.kZcysu d"kZfrA rL; eq[ka jÚa
HkofrA l% iqu% d"kZfr] vf/kdcysu d"kZfrA gBkr~ Bd~ ! HkÉqd% HkwekS ifrr%A l%
i`"Bs i';frA
fdUrq fdesrr~\ ee iqPNa oqð=k \ oqð=k eRL;k% \ HkÉqdL; iqPNa =kqfVre~ A l%
LoiqPNa fges i';frA HkÉqd% iqu% iqu% iqPNe~ vUos"k;frA xrsZ iqPNa ŸÐk l%
dFk;fr] ^^vjs ee iqPNa =kqfVre~A rnk nwjkr~ Ük`xky% glu~ dFk;fr] ^^vjs
HkÉqdHkzkr% ! eRL;k% /k`rk% \ dfr eRL;k% izkIrk% \ HkÉqd% ozðks/ksu xtZfrA l% Ük`xkya
ekjf;rqe~ /kkofrA Ük`xky% iyk;rsA rLekr~ fnukr~ HkÉqdL; iqPNa ukfLrA osðoye~
,oað y?kq[k.Ma fr"BfrA rnso rL; iqPNe~A v/kquk tkukfl] HkÉqdL; iqPNa fdeFk±
ukfLr \

jkf/kdkj×tu% nkl%
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d% ¯d djksfr \

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la;qDrk{kjkf.k
o~ð $ j ¾ Ø pØe~
È $ d ¾ ƒ vƒ%
È $ [k ¾ „ 'k„%
È $ x ¾ … v…e~
È $ ?k ¾ † l†%
n~ $ n~ ¾ í míkyd%
n~ $ /k~ ¾ ) m)o%
n~ $ ; ¾ | m|e%
n~ $ j ¾ æ nfjæ%
n~ $ o ¾ } }kje~
g~ $ u ¾ ß fpße~
g~ $ e ¾ à czà
g~ $ ; ¾ á á%
g~ $ j ¾ gz gzkl%
g~ $ y ¾ â vkâkn%
g~ $ o ¾ ã vkãkue~
'k~ $ j ¾ J vkJe%
r~ $ j ¾ =k v=k
r~ $ r ¾ Ùk mÙkee~
u~ $ u ¾ êk vêke~

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ik=kkf.k
cjru & ik=ke~
cVyksgh & LFkkyh
djkgh & dUnq%
rkok & _th"ke~
dNZqy & n£o%
lM+lh@fpeVk & lana'kd%

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x`gksidj.kkfu
vjxuh & y…uh oað?kh & oaðdfrdk
rkyk & rkyde~ lwbZ & lwph
pkch & oqðf×pdk Mksjk & lw=ke~ ] rUrq%
[kkV & [kV~ok Nkrk & N=ke~
iy… & i;Zƒ% NM+h & ;f"V%
oqðYgkM+h & oqðBkj% [kM+km¡ð & dk"Biknqdk
Nwjh & Nqfjdk lh<+h & lksikue~
oSaðph & drZjh fctyh dk ia[kk & fo|qn~O;tue~
ih<+k & ihB% ia[kk & O;tue~
pkSdh & ihfBdk ?kM+h & ?kVh
nh;k & nhi% rjktw & rqyk
cÙkh & o£rdk lanwd & eatw"kk
,suk & niZ.k% isVh & isfVdk
vkaxu & v…ue~ ekfpl rhyh & vXuhf"kdk
ekfpl & vfXuisfVdk vk;ju & vkLrjh@lehdje~
fiu & vkf.k% pVkbZ & dV%
dVksjk & dVksj% Vksdjh & dj.M%
oqðvk & owði% cksry & owðih
pEEkp & pel% di & p"kd%
nk¡r cz'k & nUrowðpZ% e×tu & nUre×tue~
ckYVh & nksy% njoktk & }kje~
Nr & NknEk~ cjkenk & oj.M%
f[kM+dh & okrk;ue~ csM:e & 'k;ud{k%
ckFk:e & Lukukxkj% owðyj & ‘khrde~

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