ALULA Landscape

N AT I V E S P E C I E S
FO R A LU L A
LANDSCAPING
The book was produced for internal RCU purposes to provide resources for landscaping
projects; this is an ongoing work and will be completed over time as more surveys are being
performed.
We have selected 58 native plants for landscaping and wilderness regeneration. These
have been selected based on several criteria to meet the objectives of landscaping and
restoration. Together they represent about 20% of the potential plants of AlUla region.
- they can be cultivated using existing protocols,

- together they represent a wealth of forms and shapes, colours, smells and striking
habits embodying the different natural environments (deserts, wadis) and the plants
historically grown in the area
- they represent a set of different types of plants needed by landscapers: tall to medium
size trees, bushes, low stratum, climbing plants, shade trees...
- they can be cultivated, maintained and tended sustainably
- or they are the plants we will primarily need to regenerate degraded areas in the reserves
We focused on plants keeping their foliage most of the year.
In order to complete our knowledge of the biodiversity and our capacity to monitor
and conserve it in the entire AlUla region and align with AlUla charter, the next steps are
to proceed to detailed inventory surveys to identify more plants and have an accurate
picture of the vegetal biodiversity of AlUla, to set up a database and GIS system to
provide tools for the reserve management and visitors and communities and to set up a
native plant nursery, seed bank and laboratory to grow the needed plants.
NATIVE SPECIES FOR ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 2

NATIVE SPECIES
for AlUla landscaping
SECOND EDITION
April 2020
This book is the result of the work performed
by Valorhiz for the French Agency for AlUla
Development (Afalula).
All rights reserved for the French Agency

for AlUla Development. Copying, reprinting
or transferring of any part of the book in any
form is prohibited without prior consent
from the Agency.

« Je préfère aux jardins arrangés et soignés ceux où le sol, riche par
lui-même de plantes locales, permet le complet abandon de certaines
parties, et je classerais volontiers les végétaux en deux camps, ceux
que l’homme altère et transforme pour son usage, et ceux qui viennent
spontanément. Rameaux, fleurs, fruits ou légumes, cueillez tant que
vous voudrez les premiers. Vous en semez, vous en plantez, ils vous
appartiennent (...) mais n’abîmez pas inutilement les secondes. Elles
sont bien plus délicates, plus précieuses pour la science et pour l’art,
ces mauvaises herbes, comme les appellent les laboureurs et les
jardiniers. Elles sont vraies, elles sont des types, des êtres complets. »
George Sand à Nohant – Une maison d’artiste
« Rather than gardens arranged and cared for, I prefer those where the
soil, intrinsically rich in local plants, allows the complete abandonment
of some parts, and I willingly classify plants in two camps, those
that man alters and transforms for his use and those that come
spontaneously. Twigs, flowers, fruits or vegetables, pick the firsts as
much as you want. You sow, you plant, they belong to you (...) but do
not spoil the seconds unnecessarily. They are much more delicate,
more precious for science and for art. These weeds as the plowmen
and gardeners call them, are much more delicate. They are true; they
are types, complete beings. »
Georges Sand at Nohant – An artist house

(Translated from the original French text version)

TABLE OF CONTENT
FOREWORD Climbing or hanging plants
Why landscaping with native plants ? 8 Capparis cartilaginea 72
Capparis spinosa 74
Cucumis prophetarum 76
INTRODUCTION Pergularia tomentosa 78
Establishment of the species classes 12
Low stratum & tussocks
Classes of landscape functions 13 Abutilon fruticosum 82
Sheet template 14 Aerva javanica 84
Asphodelus fistulosus 86
Icon meaning 16 Asteriscus graveolens 88
Plant species sheets 18 Cenchrus ciliaris 90
Chrozophora tinctoria 92
Ferula sinaica 94
LIST OF SPECIES Gomphocarpus sinaicus 96
High trunk trees Hyparrhenia hirta 98
Hyphaene thebaica 22 Kickxia pseudoscoparia 100
Phoenix dactylifera 24 Lavandula coronopifolia 102
Shade trees Lavandula pubescens 104
Acacia gerrardii 28 Pennisetum divisum 106
Acacia raddiana 30 Pulicaria incisa 108
Acacia tortilis 32 Rumex vesicarius 110
Ziziphus spina-christi 34 Senna italica 112
Solenostemma argel 114
Moderate size trees Stipagrostis ciliata 116
Dodonaea viscosa 38 Tephrosia apollinea 118
Ficus palmata 40
Ficus salicifolia 42 Ground covers
Salvadora persica 44 Aizoon canariense 122
Maerua crassifolia 46 Anthemis deserti 124
Moringa peregrina 48 Arnebia hispidissima 126
Tamarix nilotica 50 Artemisia monosperma 128
Artemisia scoparia 130
Shrubs and bushes Bassia eriophora 132
Calligonum comosum 54 Cakile arabica 134
Haloxylon persicum 56 Calendula tripterocarpa 136
Lycium shawii 58 Convolvulus spicatus 138
Ochradenus baccatus 60 Eremobium aegyptiacum 140
Retama raetam 62 Farsetia burtonae 142
Searsia tripartita 64 Moltkiopsis ciliata 144
Withania somnifera 66 Tribulus terrestris 146
Ziziphus nummularia 68 Trigonella stellata 148
Landscaping scenarios using

native species 150
Index of species in alphabetical
order 160
References 162

FOREWORD
In April 2018, Saudi Arabia and France signed an intergovernmental agreement

regarding the development of AlUla region, a flagship project which will
make AlUla, in the North-West of the kingdom, one of the country’s cultural
capitals. Saudi Arabia and France share a vision to implement a new economic
and touristic development model, focused on the absolute preservation of the
environment, respectful of history, and inclusive of local populations.
In accordance with the will of Saudi Arabia and of France, AlUla has the ambition
to become, thanks to the most advanced knowledge and techniques, a flagship
project in terms of sustainable development. As part of this the French agency,
in close cooperation with the Royal Commission for AlUla, has wished to develop
a new environmentally sensitive approach to landscaping, by promoting the
cultivation of native sustainable plants rather than using exotic water-consuming
species.
This involved, as a first step, the identification of eligible native species that can
be cultivated locally, and it has been achieved through extensive field missions in
the region. We have selected a wealth of forms/shapes, colors, smells and striking
habits embodying the different natural environments (deserts, wadis) and the
plants historically grown in the area in the oasis. Each plant has been carefully
chosen for its ability to withstand the natural conditions of the region in terms of
heat whilst minimizing the water use.
This book is the result of this thorough study. It is aimed at answering the main
information needs of landscapers. In addition to the book, the interactive internet
version provides access to a number of pictures and short films in order to allow
the reader to become familiar with the potential of each plant selected. The right
page provides the main key information needed to select the plant.
A nursery will be set up using state of the art technologies to grow the vegetation
locally and sustainably, thus providing jobs and horticultural professional training
to the communities. The plants grown will also be used to restore, where relevant,
the degraded natural ecosystems.
NATIVE I FO R ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 8

Why landscaping
with native plants ?
A native plant is an indigenous plant species of a given region. This includes

plants that occur naturally or have existed for a long time in an area.
Gardens have long been a way to get closer to “nature”, which has been
interpreted over the centuries in different ways, e.g. from a very controlled
nature (of which “French garden” style remains the better example) to a wilder
style (such as the “English Garden” of the 19th century). Throughout garden
history, all over the world, exoticism has always been a driving force. Today, a
new trend has emerged and this drive has given way to a desire to reconnect
with “authentic nature” as part of the nostalgy for lost natural landscapes and
a general quest for nature experiences.
Traditional landscaping attempts to create a landscape that “looks” the same

regardless of location. Naturescaping, in contrast, emphasizes selecting the
plants that grow naturally at the site. Since native plants evolved to grow under
local conditions, they do not require that the site be changed. They do not
need the life support of watering (except during establishment) or chemical
inputs. Beautiful in its own way, sustainable, healthier for the homeowner
and easier and less expensive to maintain, landscaping using native species is
proof of a commitment to the future.

NATIVE I FO R A LUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 10
INTRODUCTION
NATIVE SPECIES FO R ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 11

ESTABLISHMENT OF
THE SPECIES LIST
Our approach is based on several field missions performed in from fall 2018 to fall 2019 in the
AlUla county. Field observations were focused on perennial plants with persistent leaves, since
density and persistence are key aesthetic qualities expected by landscapers. Nevertheless, we
also identified numerous broad-leaved or annual species.
Field inventories were thus not exhaustive. The aim was rather to identify a sufficient number
of species for each type of landscape function (cf. next page). This contrasts with classical
conservation focused inventories as we were seeking scenic/cultivable species rather than rare
ones. Nevertheless, the selection of some rare species when relevant has also been considered.
Species identification was based on reference Flora for the region (Mandalville, 1990; Migahid
and Hammouda, 1979; Colenette, 1986) and neighboring countries (in particular Egypt and
Oman). Validations were made based on photographs and herbarium sheets collected during
the missions. We wish to thank Dr Abdulaziz Al Saeed from King Saud University for his valuable
comments and kind scientific proof-reading and Mohammad Sulayem, Royal Commission for
AlUla for his support to this project. Numerous areas of the AlUla county were explored in order
to have an overview of the diversity of the vegetation associated with the various landscapes of
the AlUla county (cf. maps).
Based on the field identification of occurring species, we made a selection of the most
interesting species for landscaping. For this, we qualified each observed species in terms of
relevant landscaping function, aesthetic value (shape, flowers, fruits …) and smell. Each species
that fulfilled at least two among the three criteria was selected as an interesting species for
landscaping.
Then, each species was investigated to get all the information necessary for landscaping,
including ecological preferences, plant production or maintenance…
Main areas of the field

observations

CLASSES OF
LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS
Seven classes of landscape functions were defined

in order to answer the needs of landscapers. These
classes were adapted to the AlUla flora context.
They are presented here in order of decreasing
height:
High trunk trees (palms): This corresponds to tall palm

trees that grow up to 10m in the right growing conditions
(maintenance & irrigation)
Shade trees: These species are able to form large trees

with a dense crown that provides efficient shade thanks
to their umbrella shape. These trees can grow up to
8-15m.
Moderate size trees: These correspond to trees or large

shrubs that are less erect, often densely branched at
their base. These trees can grow up to 5-10m.
Shrubs and bushes: This class includes shrubs and

bushes, presenting round/branched shapes. These
plants can grow up to 2-4m.
Climbing or hanging plants: These correspond to

woody or herbaceous plants, characterized by a liana
or sagging port. These plants need specific supports to
express their particular habit.
Low stratum & Tussocks: Low stratum corresponds

to small perennial plants that can be 0.4-1m tall. This
includes both low woody species and herbaceous ones.
This class presents a large diversity of plant shapes that
can be used to provide diverse herbaceous beds..
Tussocks correspond to perennial herbs of large size
(0.8-1.5m). This is a class often used in landscaping.
Ground covers: These plants include perennial or annual

species able to provide a dense and aesthetic ground
covering. Using these species is an efficient alternative
to classical green lawn that requires a lot of watering.
Some of these plants form carpets on the ground but
others can grow up to 0.3m.

VERNACULAR NAME
Scientific name
Family
Introduction text including:

- Short botanical description of the species;
- Global range;
- Summary of main uses.
Photo 1
©: flora.org
Photo 2
©: flora.org

GROWING CONDITIONS AESTHETIC VALUE
Micro-climate Appearance
Shady Height
type Landscape type
Windy Wind resistance shape Short description of the plant shape
Foliage color
Soil Foliage
poor rich Soil fertility
Persistence of foliage
Density of foliage
Soil acidity Flowering color

Flowering
Soil texture Flowering description
Flowering period
Water needs
Fruit color
Tolerance to high salinity
Fruits
Fruit description
Fruit edible or not
Landscape uses
LANDSCAPING Possible use 1
Nursery crop Possible use 2

etc.
Process of nursery crop
Planting
Type of plantation VARIOUS
© Gabriel sculp
Depth of plantation pit
Description of various uses (see
Fertilizers next page for icon meaning)
Accessories
Maintenance
Maintenance recommendations
SHEET TEMPLATE

ICON MEANING
GROWING CONDITIONS AESTHETIC VALUE VARIOUS
Shady - Blazing sun Medicinal properties

Height
Wind resistance Type Landscaping type of plant Symbiotic relation
Soil fertility Shape Global shape Used for handicraft
Soil acidity Aromatic plant or flower

Type of foliage
Soil texture Used for human food

Density of foliage
Water needs Nursery uses

Flower description
Resistance to salinity Dangerous or toxic

Flowering period
Provides fodder for livestock

Fruit description
LANDSCAPING
Attracts honey bees
Fruit edible or not
Type of plantation
Oil - essential oils
Depth of plantation pit

Information about flowers
Fertilizers
Used for decoration
Accessories
Risk of pests and diseases
Maintenance
Interior plant - Bonzaï
Information about roots

PLANT SPECIES
SHEETS

LIST OF SPECIES
LOW STRATUM
& TUSSOCKS
Abutilon fruticosum
SHRUBS Aerva javanica
AND BUSHES Asphodelus fistulosus
Calligonum comosum Asteriscus graveolens
Haloxylon persicum Cenchrus ciliaris
Lycium shawii CLIMBING OR Chrozophora tinctoria
Ochradenus baccatus HANGING PLANTS Ferula sinaica
Retama raetam Capparis cartilaginea Gomphocarpus sinaicus
Searsia tripartita Capparis spinosa Hyparrhenia hirta
Withania somnifera Cucumis prophetarum Kickxia pseudoscoparia
HIGH TRUNK Ziziphus nummularia Pergularia tomentosa Lavandula coronopifolia
Lavandula pubescens
TREES (PALMS) Pennisetum divisum
Hyphaene thebaica
Pulicaria incisa
Phoenix dactylifera
Rumex vesicarius
B Senna italica
C Solenostemma argel
P Stipagrostis ciliata
Tephrosia apollinea
SHADE TREES
Acacia gerrardii
Acacia raddiana Ls
Acacia tortilis T
Ziziphus spina-christi
S Gc
MODERATE GROUND COVERS

SIZE TREES Aizoon canariense
Dodonaea viscosa Anthemis deserti
Ficus palmata Arnebia hispidissima
Ficus salicifolia Artemisia monosperma
Salvadora persica Artemisia scoparia
Maerua crassifolia Bassia eriophora
Moringa peregrina Cakile arabica
Tamarix nilotica Calendula tripterocarpa
Convolvulus spicatus
Eremobium aegyptiacum
Farsetia burtonae
Moltkiopsis ciliata
Tribulus terrestris
Trigonella stellata

HIGH TRUNK
TREES
NATIVE I FO R A LUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 20

...74
EGYPTIAN DOUM PALM

Hyphaene thebaica – ‫ الدوم‬...........
Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart.
.. 33 Arecaceae
Egytian Doum Palm is a tree with a remarkable shape that shows ramification in its upper
part. In the AlUla county the Doum palm can grow spontaneously in the presence of
nearby groundwater. It has a large distribution area throughout the African continent,
Kickxia pseudoscoparia – ‫ الصفيرا‬.

the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. This palm is well known for many traditional
uses in different regions.

Up to 20m high
type Palm tree
windy
shape High tree with separation of
the trunk into 2 or 4 stems
Soil Foliage
poor rich Permanent foliage
Dense foliage
Neutral to alkaline
grounds Flowering
Well-drained light soils, Inflorescences form a dense
on loams or clays cluster
Irrigation is necessary February -April
until well established
Tolerant to high salinity Fruits
Agglomerated around
branches
Different parts of the fruit are
edible at different ripening
stages
Landscape uses
LANDSCAPING
High isolated tree
Nursery crop Tree alignment

Oasis
Vegetative reproduction
allows the maintenance of
desirable characteristics:
it can be readily propagated
by transplantion of basal
offshoots
Transplant in pots of
appropriate size to encourage
optimal growth of root
system VARIOUS
Production of young plants in The orange fruit has a
nursery for at least 3 years flavour of gingerbread. It is
eaten raw and is also made
Planting into sweetmeats, molasses
and cakes. The germinated
Pricking out seedlings, harvested just
Depth of plantation pit: below the ground, are used as
at least 60cm a vegetable
Organic matter and biological The wood of the trunk

solutions provides timber to build
frame houses or other
Mulching, stake, protection constructions. The leaves
net of the palm were used by
craftsmen in wickerwork to
make baskets, maps and ropes
Maintenance
Annual pruning is required

53 DATE-PALM
Phoenix dactylifera
Phoenix dactylifera L.
– ‫ نخيل الثمر‬...........
Arecaceae
Phoenix dactylifera L., commonly known as date palm, is widely cultivated in the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia. This tree presents a typical shape of tall palm tree, with a single high
trunk, terminated by a fan-shaped bouquet of long leaves. This tree has various uses for
6 Pulicaria incisa – ‫ خاع‬- ‫ العرار‬....……

food and construction. The barnee is the main local variety.
7 Retama raetam – ‫ الرتم‬.......................
4 Rumex vesicarius – ‫ الحميضا‬- ‫ الحميض‬..
4 Salvadora persica – ‫ ﺷجرة اﻷراك‬....
5 Searsia tripartita – ‫ العرن‬.....................

20-30m high
type High trunk palms
shape O val tree shape, only one

windy trunk, symmetrical canopy
Foliage
Soil
Permanent foliage
poor rich
Dense foliage
Neutral to alkaline Flowering

grounds
Inflorescence is a dense white
Well-drained, deep soils, cluster
on sandy loams or sandy
clays April - May
Moderate irrigation
Fruits
required
to ensure growth Dates that are grouped into
and aesthetic habit regimes
Tolerant to saline soil Edible
Landscape uses
LANDSCAPING High isolated tree

Tree alignment
Nursery crop Oasis
allows the maintenance of
desirable characteristics: it
can be readily propagated
by transplantion of basal
offshoots. The local variety,
barnee, is preferred
Transplant in pots of adapted
size to the optimal growth of
root system
Production of young plants in
nursery for at least 3 years VARIOUS
Planting When pollinated, female trees
Pricking out produce large pendulous
clusters of cylindrical orange
Depth of plantation pit: to brown fruits. The dates
at least 60cm and the sap from this tree are
used for human food
Organic matter and biological
solutions The wood of trunk can be
used in construction
Mulching, stake, protection
net Seed oil presents cosmetic
properties
Maintenance Date Palms are affected by
many pests, which may affect
Annual pruning is required
the trunk or the fruits

SHADE TREES

GREY-HAIRED
Acacia ACACIA
gerrardii – ‫ الطلح‬.......
Acacia gerrardii subsp. negevensis Zohary
Fabaceae
The currently valid scientific name of this species is Acacia pachyceras O.Schwartz. This
deciduous tree grows to 10m tall, shows umbrella-shaped habit, and provides deep
shade. This species occurs from South and Central Africa to the Arabian Peninsula.
Acacia raddiana – ‫ السمر‬..................

It is quite common in the Arabian Peninsula, although it suffers from anthropogenic
pressure, being used as timber fuel and being heavily grazed by livestock. In the wild, it
improves the grazing lands, provides light shade to cattle without affecting the growth
of herbaceous plants.
Acacia tortilis – ‫السمر‬ ...........
Aerva javanica – ‫ الراء‬- ‫ الطرف‬...
Aizoon canariense – ‫حدق – الدعاع‬
Anthemis deserti – ‫ الربيان‬- ‫اﻷصفر‬

6-10m high
type Shade-tree
windy
shape Umbrella-shaped
Foliage
Soil
C
an be leafless during a short
poor rich period in winter
Dense foliage
Neutral or alkaline soils
Sandy-loam, or loams slightly Flowering
clayey Small pale yellow flowers,
Irrigation necessary until well globular, often numerous
established; a moderate June - October
watering can improve growth
Moderate resistance Fruits
to salinity
Curved pods
Not edible
Landscape uses
Tree alignment
Isolated shade tree in open area
LANDSCAPING Ornamental tree with singular
shape
Nursery crop
Harvesting seeds in wild
populations
appropriate size to encourage
the optimal growth of root
system
nursery for at least 3 years
Planting
Pricking out
VARIOUS
Depth of plantation pit: This is an attractive tree for
at least 40cm honey bees, which find nectar
in its flowers
solutions Its root system is quite
deep. Its rhizosphere hosts
Mulching, stake, many symbionts. The small
protection net lateral roots nodulate and fix
nitrogen thanks to symbiotic
Maintenance bacteria. This species is
known to develop arbuscular
Low maintenance only. By mycorrhiza
pruning, it can be trained as
roof shapes or as multi-level Bark contains tannins that
roof shapes have medicinal uses

TWISTED ACACIA
Acacia raddiana Savi
Fabaceae
The currently valid scientific name of this species is Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana
(Savi) Brennan. It is a single-trunked tree that grows up to 15m tall, and shows an
umbrella-shape habit. The flowers are small, pale yellow and rounded. The young
branches, petioles and leaf-rachides are glabrous; the crown irregularly rounded. This
Acacia occurs from Northern Africa through Egypt and Eastern Africa to the Arabian
Peninsula.

8-15m high
type Shade-tree
windy shape Umbrella-shaped
Foliage
Soil
C
Dense foliage
Neutral or alkaline soils
Sandy-loam, or loams slightly
Flowering
clayey Small pale yellow flowers, globular,
often numerous
Irrigation necessary until well
established; a moderate June - October
watering can improve growth
Able to grow Fruits
under saline
Spiralled pods
conditions
Not edible
Landscape uses
Tree alignment
LANDSCAPING Isolated shade tree in open area
Afforestation
Nursery crop
populations
Transplant in pots of appropriate
size to encourage the optimal
growth of root system VARIOUS
This is an attractive tree for
nursery for at least 3 years.
honey bees, which find nectar
in its flowers
Planting
This is a highly aromatic tree
Pricking out
Its root system is quite deep.
Depth of plantation pit: Its rhizosphere hosts many
at least 40cm symbionts. The small lateral roots
nodulate and fix nitrogen thanks
to symbiotic bacteria. This species
solutions
is known to develop arbuscular
Mulching, stake, protection net mycorrhiza
Maintenance
Low maintenance only. By pruning,
it can be trained as roof shapes or
as multi-level roof shapes

UMBRELLA-THORN
ACACIA
Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne
Fabaceae
The currently valid scientific name of this species is Vachelia tortilis var. tortilis (Forssk.)
Galasso & Banfi. It is a tall flat-topped tree, with both hooked and straight spines. It can
show various shapes: bush, shrub, umbrella, etc. The fruit is a spiralled pod. Its global
range extends from South and Central Africa to the Arabian Peninsula. In the Arabian
Peninsula the tree is overharvested for timber and fuel; it can also be used to produce
gum. Furthermore, it improves the grazing lands and provides light shade to cattle
without affecting the growth of herbaceous plants.

5-10m high
type Shade-tree
windy shape Flat-topped, inverted triangle
Foliage
Soil
C
Dense foliage
Acidic, neutral or alkaline soils
Flowering
Sandy; sandy loamy or rocky soils
Small pale yellow flowers, globular,
Irrigation necessary until well
often numerous
established; watering during
summer will enhance growth April - July
Able to grow under
saline conditions Fruits
Spiraled pods
Not edible
Landscape uses
Vegetation screens
Windbreak
Afforestation
LANDSCAPING Hedge
Nursery crop
populations
growth of root system
Planting
VARIOUS
Pricking out This tree has highly aromatic
flowers
Depth of plantation pit:
at least 40cm Timber from the tree is used for
furniture, wagon wheels, fence
Organic matter and biological posts, cages, and pens
solutions
The pods and foliage are used as
Mulching, stake, protection net fodder for desert grazing animals
Maintenance The plant has a symbiotic

relationship with some soil
Low maintenance only. By pruning, bacteria, forming nodules on
it can be trained as large shrub, the roots and fixing atmospheric
single or multiple-trunk shade tree nitrogen

JUJUBE
Ziziphus TREE
spina-christi – ‫……… السدر البلدي‬
Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf.
Rhamnaceae
Jujube tree is a thorny tree probably native to Africa and western Asia. It shows numerous
flexible and convoluted whitish branches. Able to grow up to 8m in cultivation, this tree
shows high aesthetic qualities with very dense foliage, which persists throughout the
year and can provide a deep shadow. It has been widely disseminated through ancient
cultivation and naturalization. In AlUla county, it seems to be only present in cultivated
fields.

Up to 7m high
type Moderate size tree
windy shape Bushy shrub into the wild, or little

shade tree in farms
Soil Foliage
Very dense weeping crown
Acidic, neutral or alkaline grounds
Any type of soil
Flowering
Tiny yellow flowers, umbel-like
Moderate requirement for
irrigation, with the aim to obtain February - May
tall trees
Non-saline land Fruits
Similar to small apples of 1cm
diameter
Edible
Landscape uses
LANDSCAPING
Isolated tree
Nursery crop Tree alignment
Harvesting seeds in Hedge

cultivated populations Erosion control / Windbreak
Release the seed dormancy
Planting The fruit is either eaten fresh,
Pricking out pickled, dried or used in
confectionery. The juice can be
Depth of plantation pit: made into a refreshing drink
at least 40cm
The leaves provide excellent
Organic matter and biological fodder for livestock and are
solutions used by pastoralists to feed race
dromaderies
Mulching, protection net
Medicinal properties: the dried
Maintenance fruit is used traditionally
A pruning is possible, to give a high

and slender shape like a shade tree

M O D E R AT E S I Z E
TREES

... 67
HOPBUSH
Dodonaea viscosa – ‫ الﺷث‬.........
Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustifolia (L.f.) J.G.West
... 68 Sapindaceae
Hopbush is an evergreen shrub or small tree, often cultivated in hedgerows, but also
found wild in natural areas. The foliage is very dense, light green and persistent. Its
winged fruits present an attractive appearance. Its distribution area is very extensive
Eremobium aegyptiacum – ‫ تربﺔ‬-

in the Southern hemisphere. The species is highly polymorphic, with several subspecies
and varieties.
... 69
Farsetia burtonae – ‫لك – نفوذ مطي‬

... 70
Ferula sinaica – ‫ كلﺦ‬- ‫ كلخال‬- ‫روث‬

... 71
Ficuspalmata – ‫ الحماط‬................
...49
Ficus salicifolia – ‫ اﻷثب‬.....…….

…..50 NATIVE SPECIES FO R ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 38
Up to 5m high
type B ig shrub
windy
shape Multi-stemmed with variable
shapes (spreading, dense or erect)
Soil Foliage
Persistent foliage
poor rich
Dense foliage
Light and well drained soils
(sands or sandy loams) Flowering
Irrigation is necessary until well Small unremarkable flowers
established
Early spring
Able to grow under saline
conditions Fruits
Cluster of attractive reddening
fruits
Late spring
Landscape uses
LANDSCAPING
Hedges / windbreak
Nursery crop Ornamental shrub
Large quantities of seeds Massive isolated small tree
can be easily collected in wild
populations on female trees Slope stabilizer
(dioecious species)
size to encourage optimal growth
of root system
Production of young seedling in VARIOUS
nursery for 1-2 years
lant very tolerant to pruning;
P
Planting it is useful to make windbreak
hedges
Plant in October-November
before seedlings exceed 60cm Different parts of the plant
are used for their medicinal
properties (roots, bark, stem,
at least 50cm
leaves…)

This shrub is used in different
solutions
countries to control gully and
Mulching, protection net coastal dune erosion
Maintenance
Low maintenance only.
By pruning, it can be trained as a
small tree or also as a large shrub

........ 71
WILD FIG Ficuspalmata – ‫ الحماط‬..........

Ficus palmata Forssk.
.........49
Wild fig is a large shrub or small tree. The foliage is deciduous. In the season when it is
leafless, the woody structure is visible and delivers another aesthetic value. Its main
distribution area extends throughout North-East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Asia.
Ficus salicifolia – ‫ اﻷثب‬.....…

Many traditional uses exist. This plant is known for several medicinal properties and is
used for food, agriculture or handicraft.
……..50
Gomphocarpus sinaicus –
…...... 72
Haloxylon persicum – ‫ الغضى‬....

.........73
Hyparrhenia hirta – ‫… اﻹسنوم‬

.........74
Hyphaene thebaica – ‫ الدوم‬....

........ 33 NATIVE SPECIES FO R ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 40
4-6m at maturity
type Moderate size trees
windy shape Tall shrub
Foliage
Soil
Deciduous foliage
poor rich
Dense foliage
Acidic, neutral or basic soils
Flowering
Sandy, sand-rocky or loamy soils
Flowers locked in the young fruit
Well-drained soils
April - May
Irrigation is necessary
Fruits
Suitable only for saline-free land
Green to purple fruits of 25mm
diameter
Edible
LANDSCAPING Landscape uses

Isolated tall shrub
Nursery crop
Alignment tree
is the best option. Readily
propagates from stem
cuttings
appropriate size to
encourage the optimal
Production of young plants
in nursery requires 3 years VARIOUS
Planting The raw fruit is sweet and
succulent; the unripe fruits and
Pricking out young shoots can be cooked and
eaten as a vegetable
at least 40cm The milky latex of stems is used in
folk medicine of Saudi Arabia, in
Organic matter and particular in Albaha Region
biological solutions
This species is used in agriculture
Mulching, protection net as a rootstock for the common fig
crops
Maintenance
Its wood is flexible and it can be
Requires no maintenance used for making hoops, garlands,
ornaments…
Pruning for appearance
according to desired shape Fruits are attractive to birds and
small fauna

.......49
WILLOW LEAF FIGsalicifolia

Ficus
Ficus salicifolia Vahl
– ‫ اﻷثب‬.....……
……..50 Moraceae
Willow leaf fig is a tree able to grow up to 12m under favourable conditions. The dark
green leaves form a very dense foliage that persists all year round. Its distribution area
extends throughout West Africa, South Africa, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. This tree is
Gomphocarpus sinaicus –
frequently used as an ornamental plant.
‫ب‬
…...... 72
Haloxylon persicum – ‫ الغضى‬.....

........73
Hyparrhenia hirta – ‫… اﻹسنوم‬

........74
Hyphaene thebaica – ‫ الدوم‬.....

....... 33
Kickxia pseudoscoparia – ‫صفيرا‬

Up to 8-12m high
type Shade tree
windy shape Spreading and irregular
Foliage
Soil
Permanent foliage
poor rich
Very dense foliage

Acidic, neutral or basic soils
Flowering
Loamy soils
Flowers locked in the young fruit
Irrigation is necessary
March - April
Non-saline or slightly saline soils Fruits
Small fruit less than 15mm
of diameter
Not edible
Landscape uses
LANDSCAPING
Shade tree
Nursery crop Alignment tree
Vegetative reproduction is the Wind break

best option. Readily propagates
from stem cuttings Shelter belt

nursery requires 3 years VARIOUS
Planting Its leaves are known to be toxic
Pricking out
The willow leaf fig is frequently
Depth of plantation pit: used as bonzai or indoor plant
at least 40cm
solutions
Mulching
Maintenance
A moderate pruning allows to
develop a strong structure

TOOTHBRUSH
Salvadora TREE –
persica ‫ ﺷجرة اﻷراك‬..........
Salvadora persica L.
Salvadoraceae
Toothbrush tree is a medium size tree with a crooked short trunk and a white bark.
The green foliage is very dense and persistent. It is well adapted to arid conditions. Its
distibution area extends throughout the African continent, the Middle East, the Arabian
Searsia tripartita – ‫ العرن‬..........................

Peninsula, and western Asia. The branches of the plant are used as a natural toothbrush.
Senna italica – ‫ العﺷرق‬....……..... ........
Solenostemma argel – ‫ الحرجل‬................

4-7m high
windy shape O void shape, very branched from

the base
Soil Foliage
Dense foliage
Neutral to alkaline grounds
Clayey, sandy, or loamy soils
Flowering
Very small flowers in slender-
Deep irrigation in summer
branched panicles up to 10cm long
can improve the shrub
appearance January - April
Able to grow under high
The white fleshy fruit is a little
berry, with a sweet aromatic taste
Edible
LANDSCAPING
Landscape uses
Nursery crop Isolated tree
Harvesting seeds in wild Tree alignment

populations or use directly Hedge
cuttings of wood of moderate
age stems Windbreak
VARIOUS
Planting
This shrub is well-known in all parts
Pricking out
of Arabia as the source of the
Depth of plantation pit: twigs used as masawik, the fibrous
at least 40cm toothbrushes widely used by both
townsmen and the Bedouins. It
Organic matter and biological has been approved by the WHO
solutions (World Health Organisation) for
oral hygiene
Mulching, stake, protection net
oot harvesting generates
R
Maintenance pressure on wild populations
A pruning is possible to give a high he fruits are edible and have a

T
and slender shape very sweet taste
It is prone to some pests and
diseases

..... 52 ATIL Maerua crassifolia - ‫السرح‬ ............
Maerua crassifolia . Forssk
Capparaceae
Atil is an evergreen small tree, highly drought tolerant. It shows a singular shape,
highly branched, bole often stunted and twisted. Its foliage is dense and persistent,
composed of stout leaves of dark green color. Its distribution area extends throughout
.... 75 Moltkiopsis ciliate – ‫ الحلم‬- ‫حماط‬

Northern Africa, Sahel to Pakistan. In some countries, species is utilized as a source of
food, medicine and material for handicraft.
….. 44 Moringa peregrina – ‫ البان‬..........
.... 25 Ochradenus baccatus – ‫ القرضي‬.
..... 76 Pennisetum divisum – ‫ الثيموم‬- ‫غاء‬
..... 77 Pergularia tomentose – ‫ الغلقﺔ‬.

4-8m high
type Moderate size tree
windy shape Rounded small tree, with bole

twisted and highly-branched
crown
Soil
Foliage
poor rich
Persistent foliage
Sandy or rocky soils (dry and Dense foliage

draining conditions)
Flowering
A little irrigation is necessary
until well established Small flowers
Non-saline soils February to April
Fruits
-10cm of length, brown
5
oblong pod, constricted
between the seeds.
LANDSCAPING Edible
Landscape uses
Nursery crop
Single small tree
populations Vegetation screens / hedges
Transplant in pots of adapted size Ornamental beds of shrubs

to encourage the optimzl growth
of root system
Production of young seedling in
nursery during 2 years
VARIOUS
Planting
Plant in October – November Leaves and bark are endowed with
several medicinal properties
at least 60cm The leaves can be cooked.
The fruit is also edible
solutions he wood is very hard and can be
T
used for handicrafts
Mulching
Maintenance
Low maintenance.
By pruning some parts, it can be
trained as column, espalier, block,
sphere, or even original shapes

….. 44 MORINGA
Moringa peregrina – ‫ البان‬..........
Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori.
Moringaceae
Moringa is a medium size tree with an ovoid crown. The leaves are transient, the
persisting rachis giving it a tamarisk-like habit. Its distribution area extends throughout
Northeast Africa to the Arabian Peninsula. All plant parts such as leaves, rachis, flowers,
.... 25 Ochradenus baccatus – ‫ القرضي‬.

fruits, and immature pods can be used for various purposes, food, medicinal, fodder…
It is cultivated in some areas of AlUla from seeds collected in the wild, for producing an
edible oil, which is sold in some farms and for windscreens.
..... 76 Pennisetum divisum – ‫ الثيموم‬- ‫غاء‬
..... 77 Pergularia tomentose – ‫ الغلقﺔ‬.
..... 53 Phoenix dactylifera – ‫ النخيل‬.........
..... 26 Pulicaria incisa – ‫ خاع‬- ‫ الﻌرار‬.

6-10m high
windy shape O void shape, highly branched

from the base
Soil Foliage
poor rich Permanent for the rachis
Low leaf density
Prefers neutral to slightly acidic soil
Well-drained loams to loamy clays
Flowering
Medium sized showy fragrant
Irrigation is necessary until
flowers with beautiful petals
well established. Deep
watering during the summer March - May
will enhance growth
Highly sensitive to salinity Fruits
Fruits form long pods
Immature pods are edible
Landscape uses
LANDSCAPING Hedge
Isolated ornamental tree
Nursery crop
Tree alignment
Harvesting seeds in
chosen populations and Windbreak / Shelter belt
controlled germination
Other option: by planting
limb cuttings 1-2m long,
from June to August
appropriate size to VARIOUS
growth of root system The use of the oil goes back to
Antiquity and is referred to in
Production of young
old Egyptian texts, the Bible and
plants in nursery for at
ancient Greek and Roman texts
least 3 years
This oil, known as ‘ben oil’, is
Planting obtained from the seeds. The oil is
used for cooking and in cosmetic.
Pricking out The seeds are used in the Middle
Depth of plantation pit: East in water purification process
at least 30cm and as medicine
Biological solutions In Saudi Arabia, this tree is used

for its ornamental qualities, often

Mulching, stake, in alignment plantations to make
protection net hedges on field border
This tree attracts bees
Maintenance
Pollarding or pruning
allows to promote
branching

NILE TAMARISK
Tamarix nilotica
Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge
– ‫ الطرفﺔ‬....……
Tamaricaceae
Nile tamarisk is a shrub or small tree able to grow from the Mediterranean shrublands
up to extreme deserts. It shows various shapes as a wide shrub or a slender erect tree.
Its distribution area extends throughout the Eastern Mediterranean region, North-East
Tephrosia apollinea – ‫ الظبيﺔ‬...

Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and some countries of Central Asia. This Tamarisk can be
used in environmental projects for reforestation and as a ground stabiliser.
Tribulus terrestris – ‫سﺔ – الﺷرﺷير‬
Trigonella stellata – . ‫ الجرجس‬- ‫طن‬
Withania somnifera – ‫… الﻌبب‬..
Ziziphus nummularia – ‫لسدر البري‬

5-8m high
windy shape Erect and branching shrub, often

bushy
Soil Foliage
Dense foliage
Sandy-clay loams
Flowering
Inflorescence of tiny flowers
Irrigation is necessary until well
clustered in panicles of 20cm long
established; deep watering during
the summer will enhance growth April - December
Tolerates saline soils
Landscape uses
Groups of trees
Isolated tree
Alignment tree
LANDSCAPING
Tall rounded shrub massifs
Nursery crop
Harvesting seeds
in wild populations
or use directly cuttings
of half-ripe wood
VARIOUS
his plant is a host of insects that
T
suck the tree sap. These insects
Production of young plants in are aphids which a sweet, honey-
nursery for at least 3 years dew like fluid substance
This tree is also called «Manna»,
Planting as the honeydew-like substance
is sometimes used for food by
Pricking out
Bedouins
A leaf extract is used in traditional
at least 40cm
medicine
solutions

Maintenance
Requires no maintenance.
Pruning allows the plant to form a
branching, rounded shrub, or also
a single tree trunk

SHRUBS
AND BUSHES

CALLIGONUM
Calligonum comosum – ‫ اﻷرطى‬....……
Calligonum comosum L’Hér.
Polygonaceae
The currently scientific valid name of this species is Calligonum polygonoides L. This
is an evergreeen shrub, growing to 3m tall. Its shape can be bushy and very spreading,
branching from the base. The linear leaves look like needles of a pure green color. This
hardy bush is drought tolerant and able to grow in sandy deserts. The plant has been
traditionally harvested as a source of food, medicine and for handicraft. The plant is
over-cut for its wood, used for heating purposes, which increses the degradation of its
natural ecosystem.

2 to 3m high
type Shrubs and bushes
windy shape Rounded bush, highly branching
Foliage
Soil
Persistent foliage
poor rich
Moderately dense
Sandy and draining soils Flowering

No need for irrigation Elongated cluster of small white
Non-saline soils flowers
Febuary to April
Fruits
The fruits are attractive tassels
of 1-2cm wide, yellow or red
LANDSCAPING (dimorphic)
Landscape uses
Nursery crop
Single rounded bush
Multiplication by seeds: sow at
the end of winter in a greenhouse, Ornamental bushy massifs
then prick out into pots of
appropriate size, and put outside Hedge
in early summer of the following
year Slope stabilizer
Vegetative multiplication: the

plant produces root suckers and is
easily propagated by cutting and
layering
Production of young seedling in
nursery for 1-2 years VARIOUS
Planting eaves and young shoots have

L
medicinal properties
Plant between October and
December
Provides good fodder for
livestock
at least 40cm
Tannins can be extracted add
after the branches. It is used for
Organic matter and biological wood locally
solutions

It is planted to stabilize

Mulching the shifting sands, due to its
extensive root system
Maintenance
Requires no maintenance

.. 72
WHITEHaloxylon
SASKAUL persicum – ‫ الغضى‬...........
Haloxylon persicum Bunge
...73 Amaranthaceae
White Saskaul is a an evergreen desert shrub, growing to 4m tall, able to form pure
stands in arid areas. Very tolerant to drought and salt, this plant represents the first
pillar of the native ecosystems. The species is used for many rehabilitation projects due
Hyparrhenia hirta –
to its extensive root system, allowing sandy soils to stabilise.
‫…… اﻹسنوم‬
...74
Hyphaene thebaica – ‫ الدوم‬...........

.. 33
Kickxia pseudoscoparia – ‫ الصفيرا‬.

Up to 4,5m high
windy shape W ide shrubs branching from the

base
Soil Foliage
poor rich Persistent foliage
Moderately dense
Tolerant to alkaline conditions
Sandy and draining soils
Flowering
Small unattractive flowers
No need of irrigation
Tolerates saline conditions Fruits
The fruits are small, rounded and
of dark color
Landscape uses
Tall and rounded shrub
Hedges
Slope stabilizer
LANDSCAPING
Nursery crop
populations
Controlled germination VARIOUS
Transplant in pots of adapted size
he White Saskaul can be planted
T
to promote the optimal growth of
for stabilization of shifting sands,
root system
and also for revegetation of very
Production of young plants in arid and degraded environments
nursery during at least 3 years
Planting
December
at least 50cm
Biological solutions and slight
supply of organic matter

Mulching
Maintenance
Requires no maintenance. It is
possible to prune the plant to
achieve a specific shape

BOXTHORN Lyciumshawii – ‫ الﻌوسج‬....……
…….…. 51
Lycium shawii Roem. & Schult.
Solanaceae
Boxthorn is a thorny shrub with a branching habit in its upper part. This species is more
often round-shaped in the wild, under grazing pressure. However, it can be pruned
to form many different shapes. Its distribution area extends throughout the Arabian
…..... 52 Maerua crassifolia - ‫ السرح‬.......

Peninsula, South-West Africa and the Mediterranean basin. The stem leaves and berries
are used in traditional medicine.
…...... 75 Moltkiopsis ciliate – ‫ الحلم‬- ‫ط‬
…..….. 44 Moringa peregrina – ‫ البان‬.....
......... 25 Ochradenus baccatus – ‫قرضي‬
.......... 76 Pennisetum divisum – ‫ الثيموم‬-

1,5-3m
windy shape Bushy-shaped
Foliage
Soil
Persistent foliage
poor rich
Dense foliage
Alkalin to acidic Flowering

Desertic clayey soils Numerous, small tubular flowers
No need of irrigation March-May
High resistance to salinity
Fruits
Berries of pea-size
Edible
Landscape uses
LANDSCAPING Hedge
Windbreak
Nursery crop
Grouped ornamental massif
populations Isolated rounded bush
Controlled germination
VARIOUS
The plant attracts birds and bees
Planting
The stem leaves and berries are
Pricking out
used in traditional medicine.
Depth of plantation pit: There has been recent research
at least 30cm interest into this plant possible
medical uses
solutions This plant provides fodder for
livestock

Maintenance
Several pruning systems possible:
hedge-shape, round-shape, large
solitary shrubs, column, espalier,
block, spherical, or even original
shapes

5 TAILY WEED
Ochradenus baccatus – ‫ القرضي‬.......…
Ochradenus baccatus Delile.
Resedaceae
Taily weed is a desert shrub with pretty greenish-yellow flowers, able to grow in very
arid conditions. It is spread over sandy and stony places. Its distribution area extends
throughout coastal countries of North-East Africa, Libya, Egypt, the Sinai Peninsula, the
6 Pennisetum divisum – ‫ الثيموم‬- ‫الصبغاء‬..

Arabian peninsula, South Iraq and Pakistan. The plant is often grazed by livestock. It is a
valuable medicinal plant.
7 Pergularia tomentose – ‫ الغلقﺔ‬....……
3 Phoenix dactylifera – ‫ النخيل‬..................
6 Pulicaria incisa – ‫ خاع‬- ‫ الﻌرار‬....……
7 Retama raetam – ‫ الرتم‬........................

Up to 3m high
windy shape Bushy, ovoid shape, highly

branched from the bottom,
straggling
Soil
Foliage
poor rich
Permanent foliage
Acidic, neutral, or alkaline grounds Medium dense foliage
Sandy, silty and rocky soils
Flowering
No need for irrigation
Long cluster of small flowers, in
Able to grow under saline dense terminal rigid racemes
conditions
January - May
Fruits
Little pearlescent fleshy berries
Edible
LANDSCAPING
Landscape uses
Nursery crop
Hedge
populations on female individuals Windbreak
(the species is dioecious) Slope stabiliser
One year of storage for breaking Ornamental bush
the dormancy of seeds.
growth of root system.
Planting The plant can be used as fodder

for camels

Pricking out
Fruits and leaves are eaten or
Depth of plantation pit: pounded with water to relieve
at least 30cm stomach pains
Biological solutions

Maintenance
Various pruning systems possible :
hedge shape, round shape, large
solitary shrubs

…..... 27
WHITE BROOM
Retama raetam
Retama raetam – ‫الرتم‬ ..........
(Forssk.) Webb & Berthel.
Fabaceae
White broom is a graceful shrub, looking like the broom plant. The branches are thin and
flexible, silvery green when young and dark green when mature. It is highly attractive
due to its abundant sweet smelling abundant blooms, that make it a lovely amazing
........ 54 Rumex vesicarius – ‫ الحميضا‬- ‫ض‬

sight. Its native distribution area extends throughout Sicilia to the North of the Arabian
Peninsula. This species is harvested from the wild for local uses as a medicine and also
as a source of fuel. It has been introduced as an ornamental plant in many countries,
especially in Mediterranean regions.
..........34 Salvadora persica – ‫ اﻷراك‬.
......... 55 Searsia tripartita – ‫ الﻌرن‬..........
...........17 Senna italica – ‫ الﻌﺷرق‬....…
......... 56 Solenostemma argel – ‫حرجل‬

Up to 3m high and 6m wide
windy shape Shrub with slender, drooping

green branches
Soil Foliage
Sparse
Acidic, neutral or alkaline grounds
Sandy soils
Flowering
Attractive and fragrant white
flowers, medium size
Can tolerate low saline
February - April
conditions
Fruits
Little ovoid pods
Not edible
LANDSCAPING
Landscape uses
Nursery crop Hedge
Harvesting seeds in wild Windbreak
populations
Slope stabiliser
Chemical scarification for breaking
the dormancy of seeds
Production of young plants in VARIOUS

The plant has a symbiotic
Planting relationship with certain soil
bacteria, forming nodules on

Pricking out
the roots and fixing atmospheric
Depth of plantation pit: nitrogen
at least 30cm
he flowers are an important
T
Biological solutions source of fodder for camels

Maintenance
Hedge shape, round shape,
large solitary shrubs

SUMAC
......... 55 Searsia tripartita – ‫ن‬‫الﻌر‬ .........
Searsia tripartita (Ucria) Moffett
Anacardiaceae
Formerly known as Rhus tripartita (Ucria) Grande, Sumac is a thorny shrub, highly
branching, showing twisted spiny stems, with dense and persistent foliage. Its native
distribution is Saharo-Arabian. It is uncommon in AlUla region and in Saudi Arabia. It
............17 Senna italica – ‫ الﻌﺷرق‬....…

is credited with many properties in traditional medicine, and the wood is used in
craftmanship.
.......... 56 Solenostemma argel – ‫حرجل‬

Up to 3m high
windy shape Rounded shape, bushy, branching

from the base
Soil Foliage
Dense foliage
Sandy, sandy-clayey or rocky soils
Flowering
Small inflorescence of pale color,
Irrigation is necessary until
close to the stem
well established
October - January
Non-saline soil
Fruits
Little berries, initially reddish
green, then blackish when ripe
Edible
LANDSCAPING
Landscape uses
Nursery crop Ornamental bush
Isolated shrub
populations
Hedge
nursery for at least 3 year
Planting VARIOUS

Pricking out
Different parts of the plant
Depth of plantation pit: (bark, roots, leaves, fruits…) are
at least 40cm harvested for craft uses. The
wood is used as fuel (turned into
Organic matter and biological charcoal)
solutions
The fruits are edible, eaten raw

Mulching, stake, protection net or dried
Maintenance
Various pruning possible:
hedge shape, round shape,
large solitary shrubs

WINTER CHERRYsomnifera
Withania – ‫… الﻌبب‬....…
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
Solanaceae
Winter Cherry is a moderately tall perennial bush. The plant shows a persistent
Ziziphus nummularia – ‫ السدر البري‬.

foliage, composed of large leaves of pure green color. The flowering can last all year
round. Its distribution is widespread and the plant can grow in many different climatic
and environmental conditions. It is, for example, cultivated in India for its medicinal
properties. The plant is sensitive to frost.
Ziziphus spina-christi – ‫… السدر‬

50 to 100cm high
windy shape M edium tall bush, rounded and

very branching
Soil Foliage
poor rich P
ersistent foliage of pure green
color
Neutral or slightly alkaline soils Dense foliage
Sands and loams
Flowering
until well established Cluster of 3-6 small light flowers,
calyx enlarging after flowering
Non-saline soils to 2cm long
Fruits
Berry globose and bright red
5mm diameter at first, then
becoming wider upon ripening
Landscape uses
LANDSCAPING
Single small bush
Nursery crop Bushy alignement
Harvesting seeds in wild Intermediate layer between bush and

populations low stratum
Sow in early spring in greenhouse,

then transplant in pots of
appropriate size, and put outside
in early autumn
Production of young seedlings in
nursery for 1-2 years
VARIOUS
Planting
everal parts of the plant are
S
Plant in October-November known for their various medicinal
properties. This species is
Depth of plantation pit: traditionally used to treat
at least 30cm intestinal parasitic infections,
but also snake or scorpion stings
solutions he fruit can be used as a soap
T
substitute

Mulching
Maintenance
Low maintenance

WILD JUJUBE
Ziziphus nummularia
Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight & Arn.
– ‫ السدر البري‬....……
Rhamnaceae
This wild species of Jujube is a thorny big shrub or moderate size tree, up to 3m tall. Its
airy foliage is deciduous, composed of rounded tomentose small leaves. Well adapted
to arid environments, this shrub is highly branching and shows a massive shape with
Ziziphus spina-christi – ‫………… السدر‬

twisted stems. Its distribution extends throughout the Arabian Peninsula and Asia. The
wild Jujube is a species valued for its medicinal properties.

1,5 to 3m high
type Big shrub or moderate size tree
windy shape M edium tall bush, highly

branching from the base,
rounded, massive
Soil
Foliage
poor rich
Foliage of light green color
Sandy loam to rocky pediments Dense foliage
A little irrigation is necessary Flowering

Tolerates saline condition Solitary flowers well colored
June – July
Fruits
Globose fruit of 1cm wide,
bright yellow
LANDSCAPING
Edible
Nursery crop Landscape uses

Muliplication by seeds: Single rounded bush
harvest fruits in wild populations.
Sow in a greenhouse; prick out Ornamental bushy massifs
into pots of appropriate size.
Hedge
Production of young seedling
outside during 1 year
Vegetative multiplication:
collect cuttings of half-ripe wood.
The plant can be propagated by
cutting and layering VARIOUS
Production of young seedlings

The plant provides protein-rich
in nursery for 1-2 years
fodder for livestock
Planting
It is harvested and used in folk
medicine of India. Some scientific
Plant in October-November works highlighed potential
properties to treat digestive
Depth of plantation pit: diseases
at least 50cm
Biological solutions and slight
supply of organic matter

Mulching
Maintenance
It is possible to prune the plant to
achieve a specific shape

CLIMBING OR
HANGING PLANTS

CARTILAGE
CapparisCAPER
cartilaginea – ‫ اللصف‬..........
Capparis cartilaginea Decaisne.
Capparaceae
7 This is a perennial creeper bush. This plant can be decumbent, pendulous or ascending.
The white or rose flowers are attractive with purple showy stamens. Its distribution
area extends throughout East Africa, the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. This
Capparis spinosa – ‫ الﺷفلح – الكبر‬.......

Caper plant has been used for a long time for food and it is known for its medicinal
properties.
Cenchrus ciliaris – ‫موم – الغرزة – الخضر‬

1
Chrozophora tinctorial – ‫…… التنوم‬..

2
Convolvulus spicatus – ‫…… الرخامى‬

8
Cucumis prophetarum – ‫ مﺷط الذئب‬-

7 NATIVE SPECIES FOR ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 72
1-3m high
type Climbing or hanging plants
windy shape Covering or drooping
Foliage
Soil
Permanent foliage
Dense foliage
poor rich
Neutral, or alkaline soils Flowering

Adapted to many kind Beautiful medium sized flowers,
of well-drained soils with many longs filaments
No need for irrigation March - May
Fruit ovoid, 3-6cm long, fleshy
with pips
Edible

Plant cascades
Nursery crop Erosion control
Harvesting fruits in wild Bushy ground cover
populations
Immediately sow the seeds in a
greenhouse
Transplant in individual pots of
appropriate size and into well-
drained soil to encourage optimal VARIOUS
Propagation is possible by stem The flower buds, young fruits, and
cuttings tender branch tips can be pickled
and used as a condiment. In Africa
Production of young plants in the fruit is reported as edible
nursery during 1 or 2 years and the dried leaves are directly
chewed as a medicine to treat
Planting cough
Pricking out he flower smell is slightly

T
aromatic
at least 30cm Leaves and stems are used for
bruises, childbirth, earache,
Organic matter and biological headache, paralysis, snikebite and
solutions swellings
Mulching
Maintenance

COMMON
CapparisCAPER
spinosa – ‫ الﺷفلح – الكبر‬.........
Capparis spinosa L.
Capparaceae
This species grows spontaneously in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Cultivated in

many places, this plant is sometimes gathered in the wild. This sprawling bush can be
decumbent, pendulous, or ascending. The white flowers are numerous and attractive.
Cenchrus ciliaris – ‫لثموم – الغرزة – الخضر‬

It is a very polymorphic species (thorny to unarmed). The plant has long been used for
food and medicine in Mediterranean regions, Arabia and Asia.
Chrozophora tinctorial – ‫…… التنوم‬....…
Convolvulus spicatus – ‫…… الرخامى‬.
Cucumis prophetarum – ‫ مﺷط الذئب‬- ‫ب‬
Dodonaea viscosa – ‫ الﺷث‬.................

2-4m high
windy shape Spreading bush, creeper
Foliage
Soil
Persistent foliage
poor rich
Dense
Rocky and draining soils Flowering

A little irrigation is necessary Attractive white flowers
Unsalted lands Fruits

Fleshy fruit,
egg-shaped and elongated
Edible

Ascending climbing plant
Nursery crop
Decumbent screen plant
Muliplication by seeds: this is
possible but not easy due to Sprawling massive bush
dormancy of seeds, which does
not allow an easy germination
Vegetative multiplication:
a better option is to take cuttings
of half-ripe wood, collect stems VARIOUS
of basal portion of branches
(1cm diameter with at least 6 buds) ifferent parts of the plant are
D
Production of young seedlings endowed with various medicinal
in nursery for 1-2 years properties
he flower buds provide the
T
Planting famous «caper» condiment.
The immature young fruits are
also edible
his plant has an extensive root
T
at least 40cm
system that is useful to stabilize
Biological solutions and organic soils and prevent erosion in arid
matter regions

Mulching
Maintenance
It is possible to train the plant to
form an ascending or decumbent
screen

WILD GOURD
mis prophetarum –
Cucumis prophetarum
‫الذئب‬ ‫مﺷط‬ - ‫الذئب‬ ‫ﺷرى‬
Meter.
…..…
Cucurbitaceae
This is a perennial herb with elongated stems. Often prostrate on the ground, this plant
hangs or climbs on various supports, in particular rocks. The plant produces annual
stems up to 2,5m long. The fruits are typically intense yellow, prickly and rough. Its
naea viscosa – ‫ الﺷث‬.......................................

native range extends throughout North and Central Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and
South-West Asia. The plant is sometimes gathered from the wild for local medicinal or
food uses.
obium aegyptiacum – ‫ تربﺔ‬- ‫ الغريراء‬..................
tia burtonae – ‫ الﻌلك – نفوذ مطي‬.........................
a sinaica – ‫ كلﺦ‬- ‫ كلخال‬- ‫ المحروث‬........................
palmata – ‫ الحماط‬..............................................
Up to 20cm high without stake
windy shape Creeper; stems crawl on

the ground
Soil Foliage
poor rich Leafless in winter
Medium dense foliage
Acidic, neutral, or alkaline soils
Sandy and silty soils
Flowering
Solitary flowers with yellow corolla
March - May

Moderate resistance to salinity
Fruits
Intense yellow, fleshy and spiny
rough spheric fruits
Edible
LANDSCAPING
Landscape uses
Nursery crop
Ground cover
Slope stabiliser
populations.
Climbing or drooping
Seed production on a dedicated
field based on an initial seed
harvesting in wild populations.
Annual harvesting.
Seed conservation in adapted
conditions until sowing.
VARIOUS
Planting
Mature fruits can be cut into small
Ground preparation just before slices, dried and then cooked as a
hand sowing vegetable after adding a paste of
pounded groundnuts. The plant
No specific needs can occasionally be cultivated and

No specific needs is also sold in local markets.
Maintenance

PERGULARIA
Pergularia tomentose – ‫اللبن‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫الغلقﺔ‬ .…...
Pergularia tomentosa L.
Apocynaceae
This is a scrambling and climbing perennial under-shrub, with twinning stems growing up
to 3m long. Its distribution area extends in North Africa throughout the Sahara desert,
the Arabian Peninsula and Western Asia. Its grey-green heart-shaped foliage and lovely
Phoenix dactylifera – ‫ نخيل الثمر‬......................

delicate flowers can make it an attractive, unusual feature in landscaping. Its young
stems contain a white latex. Several uses have been recorded in traditional medicine.
Pulicaria incisa – ‫ خاع‬- ‫ العرار‬....……..... .
Retama raetam – ‫ الرتم‬..................................
Rumex vesicarius – ‫ الحميضا‬- ‫ الحميض‬.............
Salvadora persica – ‫ ﺷجرة اﻷراك‬..............

Up to 3m high with support
windy shape Round shape, bushy or dense

climber
Soil Foliage
Acidic, neutral, or alkaline grounds
Flowering
Very small flowers
February - April
Able to grow under saline
conditions
Fruits
Long capsule with tubers
Not edible
Landscape uses
LANDSCAPING
Climbing plant
Nursery crop Plant cascades

populations
harvesting in wild populations
Annual harvesting (manual) VARIOUS
Seed conservation in adapted Formerly used to remove the hair
conditions until sowing from hides before tanning
Planting The latex of Pergularia is corrosive

and can seriously damage the skin
Ground preparation just before
hand sowing Many different medicinal uses are
reported in Africa and the Middle-
No specific needs East

No specific needs
Maintenance

L O W S T R AT U M
& TUSSOCKS

INDIANfruticosum
Abutilon MALLOW – ‫الحوص‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫………الرين‬
Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr.
Malvaceae
Indian mallow is a perennial herb with several stems, woody at the base and highly
Acacia gerrardii – ‫ الطلح‬....................

branched above, growing to 1,2m. The foliage is semi-persistent, composed of large
leaves, ovate-cordate, velutinous with a light green color. The yellow or orange flowers
are attractive. Spread throughout the southern hemisphere, it is present in North and
South-western Saudi Arabia. This species is drought tolerant and suitable for arid area
landscaping.
Acacia raddiana – ‫ السمر‬.................................
Acacia tortilis – ‫السمر‬ ........................
Aerva javanica – ‫ الربل‬- ‫ التويم‬-‫لطرف – الراء‬
Aizoon canariense – ‫الهداك – الحدق – الدعاع‬

0,8-1,2m high
type Low stratum, perennial herb
windy
shape Undershrub, branching, rounded
and massive
Soil
Foliage
poor rich
P
ersistent foliage of light green
color
Grows on various kinds of soil
Dense foliage
Non-saline soils Flowering
Solitary yellow or orange flowers.
January to April
Fruits
Capsule separated by many
LANDSCAPING partitions, fruit up to
1cm wide

Harvesting seeds in wild Herbaceous ornamental beds of
populations intermediate size
Seed production on a Base of trees or hedges
dedicated field based on
an initial seed harvesting
in wild populations
Annual harvesting
Seed conservation in
adapted conditions until VARIOUS
sowing
Fiber from the stems can be used
Planting to make ropes or in weaving
Plant in October- ttractive for fauna, among which
A
November many insects. It is a host plant of
epth of plantation pit:
D some butterflies. The seeds are
at least 30cm readily eaten by birds
Organic matter and The plant is eaten by livestock

Mulching
Maintenance

PEARLY
Aerva BUSH – ‫ الربل‬- ‫ التويم‬-‫طرف – الراء‬
javanica
Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Schult.
Amaranthaceae
This is a perennial plant, which often presents a woody base. This species forms
herbaceous massifs with a dense, grey non-deciduous foliage and amazing long white
woolly flowering spikes. It has a native distribution including much of Africa, south of
Aizoon canariense – ‫لهداك – الحدق – الدعاع‬

Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. The plant is harvested from the wild for local uses.
Anthemis deserti – ‫ الربيان‬- ‫ اﻷصفر‬- ‫النوار‬..
Arnebia hispidissima – ‫ العويذران‬- ‫ل – الفنون‬
Artemisia monosperma – ‫ عاذر‬- ‫ اﻷﻻء‬....
Artemisia scoparia – ‫ السليكﺔ – السلماس‬........

0,3-1m high
type Low stratum
windy shape Multi-stemmed, wide, erect,

small dense bush
Soil Foliage
Dense foliage
Flowering
Sandy, clayey, loamy soils
White spikes up to 5cm long
January - May
Non-saline soils
Landscape uses
Low stratum
Bush alignment
LANDSCAPING
Nursery crop
Harvesting seeds in wild VARIOUS
populations
The densely wooly parts of the
Seed production on a dedicated inflorescence were used by the
field based on an initial seed Bedouins for stuffing saddle pads
harvesting in wild populations and cushions
Annual harvesting It is traditionally harvested to be
Seed conservation in appropriate used as a tooth cleaner.
conditions until sowing This plant provides fodder for
livestock
Planting
hand sowing
No specific needs
Maintenance

ASPHODEL
Asphodelus fistulosus – ‫البروق‬ ……
Asphodelus fistulosus L.
Asphodelaceae
The currently valid name of this species is Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. It is a perennial
plant, leafy at the base with a panicle of attractive white flowers. It is a native plant
of the Arabian Peninsula, Northern Africa and the Mediterranean area. This plant is a
Asteriscus graveolens – ‫……النقد‬.....…

common weed of fields, particularly of wheat and chickpea fields. The plant is used in
the Middle-East indigenous medicine. The roots are fibrous and can be cooked, even if
it is uncommon.
Bassia eriophora – ‫ السداة‬- ‫…… القضقاض‬
Cakile arabica – ‫ اﻹسليح‬- ‫زملوك‬ …….
Calendula tripterocarpa – ‫ الحنوة‬..........

0.3-0.4m high
type Low stratum
windy shape Vertical herb with flower spikes
Foliage
Soil
Permanent foliage
poor rich
Dense basis
Acidic, neutral, or alkaline grounds Flowering

Sandy or loamy soils White star-shaped flowers with a
thin red line in the middle of each
No need for irrigation, or low
petal
irrigation for driest conditions
February - April
Moderate resistance to salinity
Fruits
Tiny capsule
Not edible
Ornamental grass
Nursery crop
Low stratum
populations.
Seed production
on a dedicated field
based on an initial
seed harvesting in
wild populations VARIOUS
Annual harvesting
This plant is used as a medicinal
Seed conservation in appropriate plant. The crushed leaves can be
conditions until sowing applied to ulcers or boiled in water
and drunk as a diuretic or laxative.
Planting It is traditionally used by the
Bedouins
hand sowing
Biological solution

No specific needs
Maintenance

Asphodelus fistulosus – ‫البروق‬ …….....
FRAGRANT
cus graveolens – OXEYE
‫البهرمان‬ - ‫النقد‬ -‫الحمار‬ ‫ربلﺔ‬ ……..
Asteriscus graveolens
Asteraceae graveolens – ‫ البهرمان‬- ‫ النقد‬-‫الحمار‬
Asteriscus
Less.
This is a common desert perennial sub-shrub. The leaves have a deep green color; the
foliage is persistent and can provide a permanent dense cover. The flowers are very
attractive heads of intense yellow. Its distribution area extends throughout Northern
eriophora –‫ القطين‬- ‫ الصوفانﺔ‬- ‫ السداة‬- ‫… القضقاض‬..

Africa, and in the North of the Arabian Peninsula. It is a highly aromatic plant, with peach-
scented leaves used for tea. The plant is also used in traditional medicine.
Bassia eriophora –‫ القطين‬- ‫ الصوفانﺔ‬- ‫ السداة‬- ‫ض‬
arabica – ‫ اﻹسليح‬- ‫…… زملوك‬...… ……........

Cakile arabica – ‫ اﻹسليح‬- ‫…… زملوك‬...…
ula tripterocarpa – ‫ الحنوة‬................................

Calendula tripterocarpa – ‫ الحنوة‬.................
num comosum – ‫ اﻷرطى‬....……....................

Calligonum comosum – ‫ اﻷرطى‬....…….....

0.3-0.5m
type Low stratum
windy shape Little round-bushy shaped
Foliage
Soil
Permanent foliage
poor rich
Dense foliage
Neutral to high alkaline ground Flowering

Sandy-gravelly soils and sand- Many florets forming large flower
clayey soils heads of 1-2cm
No need for irrigation March - April
Non-saline soils
Fruits
Hirsute achenes
Not edible

Ornamental herbaceous massifs
Nursery crop Herbaceous alignments
Harvesting seeds in wild Garden of aromatic plants
populations
Scarification and
controlled germination
VARIOUS
adapted size for the
optimal growth of root Its leaves are collected in the
system spring and are used in infusions
and decoctions by the Bedouins
Production of young
plants in nursery during at The flowers of fragrant oxeye are
least 1 or 2 years attractive to wildlife, especially to
many different insects
Planting
Pricking out
at least 30cm
Organic matter and
Mulching
Maintenance

Capparis spinosa – ‫ الﺷفلح – الكبر‬......
0
BUFFEL
chrus ciliaris – GRASS
‫اﻷبيد‬ - ‫الخضر‬ – ‫الغرزة‬ – ‫الثموم‬ ……….
Cenchrus ciliaris L.
Cenchrus ciliaris – ‫ اﻷبيد‬-‫غرزة – الخضر‬

Poaceae
21 This is a perennial herb native from tropical and sub-tropical arid regions of Africa and
Western Asia. This tufted grass grows up to 1m tall under favourable conditions. It is
stout, erect, and shows a herbaceous massif shape. More common on disturbed grounds
zophora tinctorial – ‫…… التنوم‬....…………….

than in natural habitats, this species tolerates drought and various kinds of soils. Used in
the past as an occasional fodder, it is a high quality forage.
Chrozophora tinctorial – ‫…… التنوم‬..

2
volvulus spicatus – ‫…… الرخامى‬..……….…..
8
umis prophetarum – ‫ مﺷط الذئب‬- ‫… ﺷرى الذئب‬..…
7
onaea viscosa – ‫ الﺷث‬.....................................
Dodonaea viscosa – ‫ الﺷث‬..............
8
mobium aegyptiacum – ‫ تربﺔ‬- ‫ الغريراء‬................
Eremobium aegyptiacum – ‫ تربﺔ‬- ‫راء‬
0,3-0,8m high
windy shape Undershrub, branching, rounded
and massive
Soil Foliage
poor rich P
ersistent foliage of grey-green
color
Acidic, neutral, or alkaline grounds Foliage dense on the top,
well clear off the ground
Sandy, loamy soils
No need for irrigation Flowering
Moderate resistance to salinity small, numerous, inconspicuous
flowers
May to September
Landscape uses
Ground cover
LANDSCAPING
Erosion control
Nursery crop Herbaceous massifs

populations
Annual harvesting VARIOUS
Seed conservation in appropriate This plant provides a high
conditions until sowing nutritional value as fodder grass
for sheep and cattle and is able to
Planting resist to heavy grazing
Ground preparation and hand
sowing (watering required for
germination)
No specific needs
No specific needs
Maintenance

21
DYER’S LITMUS
Chrozophora tinctorial
Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss.
– ‫…… التنوم‬.
22 Euphorbiaceae
It is a tall herb, growing late in the summer. It is annual or perennial depending on the
local conditions. The plant presents a singular stellate-hairy foliage. The leaves are
wide, grey-green and covered with starry bristles. Its distribution is very extensive

(Mediterranean area, Arabian Peninsula and Asia). The plant is able to grow under many
different soil conditions and climates. Extracts of this plant provide natural dyes.
48

67
Dodonaea viscosa – ‫ الﺷث‬.............

68
Eremobium aegyptiacum – ‫ تربﺔ‬- ‫اء‬

69
Farsetia burtonae – ‫ الﻌلك – نفوذ مطي‬.

70 NATIVE SPECIES FOR ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 92
Up to 1.5m high
type Tussock
windy shape Erect or ascending tufted grass
Foliage
Soil
Permanent foliage
Dense foliage
poor rich
Grows on various kinds of soil Flowering

No need for irrigation Spike-like inflorescence
Non-saline soils December - May
Fruits
Capsules of oval shape, textured
(warty)
LANDSCAPING Not edible
Landscape uses
Nursery crop
Single herbaceous ornamental
Harvesting seeds in wild of small size
populations.
Base of trees or hedges
Sowing on a damp mix of soil and
compost with a little supply of Around shrub massifs
vermiculite.
size. Put in greenhouse for 2
months.
Planting
VARIOUS
Preparatory works on the soil ed and blue dyes are obtained
R
from extracts of flowers, leaves
Does not need fertilizer and sap
Mulching ften used to dye textiles, the
O
pigments obtained are edible and
Maintenance can also color food
Requires no maintenance ome studies have highlighted
S
potential medicinal properties of
this species

FERULA
Ferula sinaica
Ferula sinaica
– ‫كلﺦ‬ - ‫ال‬‫كلخ‬
Boiss.
- ‫محروث‬‫ال‬ ..........
Apiaceae
This is a perennial herb with a thick blue-green stem. Its inflorescence is deciduous,
whereas the basal foliage is persistent and provides a highly aesthetic herbaceous
massif with light green foliage. Its distribution area is centered on the Sinai Peninsula,
Ficuspalmata – ‫ الحماط‬................................
Negev desert, Jordan and the Northwest of the Arabian Peninsula. It is found in rocky
areas in shrub steppes. This plant may have been occasionally used for its medicinal
properties. The plant produces a white resin when wounded.
Ficus salicifolia – ‫ اﻷثب‬.....…….................
Gomphocarpus sinaicus – ‫ حوب‬- ‫الحريملﺔ‬
Haloxylon persicum – ‫ الغضى‬............................
Hyparrhenia hirta – ‫…… اﻹسنوم‬..... .........

Ephemeral inflorescence up to 2m
type Low stratum
windy shape Round shaped with erect

inflorescence
Soil Foliage
Dense foliage
Sand or sandy-rocky soil
Flowering
Umbels of little yellow flowers
March - May
Adapted to saline-free soils
Fruits
Broad, flat, unwinged, composed
of multiple carpels
Not edible
LANDSCAPING
Landscape uses
Nursery crop Ornamental
Harvesting seeds in wild Herbaceous massifs
populations.
appropriate size to
growth of root system VARIOUS
Production of young plants
in nursery requires 1 or Several phytochemical studies
2 years. have evidenced compounds in the
species that could have medicinal
Planting properties
Pricking out
at least 30cm
Organic matter and
Mulching
Maintenance

MILKWEED
mphocarpus sinaicus – ‫ حوب‬- ‫ الحريملﺔ‬.........
Gomphocarpus sinaicus Boiss
Apocynaceae
Milkweed is a perennial herb, highly branching from the base, forming numerous stems,
growing to 1m tall. The foliage is persistent, composed of dark green linear leaves,
4-8cm long. The flowers are attractive, clustered in heads at the top of stems. The fruit
loxylon persicum – ‫ الغضى‬......................................

is a singular spiny capsule, very elongated. Spread in Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula,
this species is well-adapted to arid conditions.
parrhenia hirta – ‫…… اﻹسنوم‬..... .................
phaene thebaica – ‫ الدوم‬......................................
kxia pseudoscoparia – ‫ الصفيرا‬.........................

0,8-1,2m high
windy shape Undershrub, stems many from the

base, spreading and very leafy
Soil Foliage
poor rich
Persistent foliage
Dense foliage
Sandy or rocky soils (dry and
draining conditions) Flowering
A little irrigation is necessary Small flowers clustered in
pedonculate umbels
Non-saline
January to March
Fruits
Unsual fruit of 5-6cm long,
tapering to a beak, with
longitudinal stripes of color and
LANDSCAPING long hairs
Not edible
Nursery crop
Harvesting seeds in wild Landscape uses
populations. Readily propagated
by seeds after initial sowing Herbaceous ornamental beds of
intermediate size
size to encourage optimal growth Base of trees or hedges
of root system
in nursery after 1 year
Planting VARIOUS
December The plant has been used for
several medicinal purposes.
Depth of plantation pit: Another species of the genus well
at least 30cm known in Africa is harvested from
the wild and used as a fiber plant
solutions
Mulching
Maintenance

.73
THATCHING GRASS hirta

Hyparrhenia – ‫…… اﻹسنوم‬..
Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf
.74 Poaceae
This is a perennial grass, forming dense tussocks of up to 1m. The inflorescence forms
typical airy panicles of 30cm, composed of pairs of villous spikelets. Its distribution
area is very wide throughout the Mediterranean basin and from Africa eastwards up to
Hyphaene thebaica – ‫ الدوم‬.............

Eastern Asia. The plant can grow on various kinds of soil and climate, particularly in arid
lands.
33
Kickxia pseudoscoparia – ‫ الصفيرا‬...

0,4-1m high
windy
shape Tussock, tufted grass
Foliage
Soil
Persistent foliage
Moderately dense
poor rich
Grows on various kinds of soil Flowering

Irrigation is not necessary Elongated panicle composed
of pairs of spikelets
Moderately tolerant to saline
conditions January to May
Landscape uses
Herbaceous ornamental tufted grass
Base of trees or hedges
LANDSCAPING
Nursery crop
populations VARIOUS
Propagates readily from seed
after initial sowing his plant provides good fodder
T
for livestock
Production of young seedling
directly outside in nursery, his thatching grass can be useful
T
between 6 and 12 months to protect land against erosion
(wind or water). This plant can
stablize hard or gravelly soils
Planting
December
at least 30cm
solutions
Mulching
Maintenance

TOADFLAX
Kickxia pseudoscoparia – ‫صفيرا‬ ‫ال‬ ..........
Kickxia pseudoscoparia K. aegyptiaca V.W.Sm. & D.A.Sutton
Plantaginaceae
This species is a perennial herb, with persistent dense foliage of dark green color. The
leaves are numerous, small and linear. Highly branching, the plant presents abundant
erect stems, forming a rounded and massive shape up to 50cm high. This plant is highly
drought tolerant and able to grow on rocky slopes. Its distribution area includes some
parts of Egypt, Sudan and the Northwest of the Arabian Peninsula.

0,25-0,5m high
windy shape Ornemental herbaceous, massive

and rounded
Soil Foliage
poor rich P
ersistent foliage of dark
green color
Stony soils and rocky outcrops Dense foliage
Irrigation is not necessary

Flowering
Saline-free soils Many yellow flowers along the
stems
February to April
Fruits
LANDSCAPING Numerous small
dehiscent capsules

Harvesting seeds in wild Ornamental low plant, distributed
populations, before the sparsely
dehiscence of capsules
Herbaceous patches or alignments
Propagate by seeds, sowing in
the autumn Base of trees or hedges

directly outside in nursery,
after 1 year.
Planting
December VARIOUS
Depth of plantation pit: ttractive for fauna: flowering
A
at least 40cm persists for long periods of time,
Organic matter and biological thus attracting many insects
solutions
Mulching
Maintenance

STAGSHORN
Lavandula
avandula
Lavandula coronopifolia
coronopifolia
coronopifolia ––…
–
LAVENDER…
…
‫كتاعﺔ‬
‫كتاعﺔ‬
‫كتاعﺔ‬
- -
- ‫يﻌﺔ‬
‫يﻌﺔ‬‫ﺷ ﱠ‬
‫يﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺷال ﱠ‬
‫ ﱠ‬...
‫ال‬
‫ال‬...
...
…………
……
Lavandula coronopifolia Poir.
Lamiaceae
This perennial herb forms a little, rounded bush, branching from the base, with dense
light green foliage. It belongs to the aromatic plant group of arid areas. The leaves are
‫ﺷ ﱠ‬
‫ﺷال ﱠ‬
‫ال ﱠ‬.......
cut into narrow lobes. The purple flowers form thin spikes. Its distribution area extends
Lavandula
avandula
Lavandula pubescens- -‫فيرة‬
pubescens
pubescens - ‫فيرة‬
‫فيرة‬
‫ذذ ذ‬- --‫عتان‬
‫عتان‬
‫عتان‬
- -- -‫يﻌﺔ‬
- ‫يﻌﺔ‬
‫يﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺷ‬ ‫ال‬.....
....
from Cape Verde to Central Asia and throughout the Arabian Peninsula. Its leaves have
several medicinal properties and are used in different countries.
Lycium
ycium
Lyciumshawii
shawii ‫الﻌوسج‬....…….........…….....
shawii–––‫الﻌوسج‬
‫الﻌوسج‬ ....…….........…….....
....…….........……..........
...
..
Maerua
Maerua crassifolia- --‫السرح‬
aerua crassifolia
crassifolia ‫السرح‬
‫السرح‬.......................................
.....................................
.....................................
Moltkiopsis
Moltkiopsis
Moltkiopsis ciliate–––‫حلم‬
ciliate
ciliate ‫حلم‬
‫حلم‬
‫الال ال‬- -‫حماط‬
- ‫حماط‬
‫حماط‬
‫ال ال‬......................
‫ال‬.....................
....................
Moringa
Moringa peregrina––– ‫البان‬
oringa peregrina
peregrina ‫البان‬
‫البان‬.....................................
...................................
...................................
0,5-1m
type Perennial herb
windy
shape Round-shaped
Foliage
Soil
Persistent foliage
poor rich
Dense foliage
Non acidic soils Flowering

Desertic rocky soils Spikes up to 15cm high
Irrigation necessary until well January-April
established
Adapted to non-saline soils Landscape uses
Garden of aromatic plants
Ornemental strip
LANDSCAPING
Nursery crop
VARIOUS
populations
The plant attracts honey bees
Sowing on damp compost with a
sprinkling of vermiculite Recent research has shown that
its essential oil has antibacterial
Transplant in pots of appropriate properties
growth of root system The Stagshorn lavender is
aromatic. The plant has an
Production of young plants in attractive flower and an extended
nursery requires 2 years flowering period
Planting
Pricking out
at least 30cm
solutions
Mulching
Maintenance

DOWNY
andula Lavandula
pubescens -
LAVENDER ‫فيرة‬ ‫ذ‬ - ‫عتان‬ - - ‫يﻌﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ ال ﱠ‬..........
43 Lavandula pubescens - ‫ ذفيرة‬- ‫عتان‬-
Lamiaceae
pubescens Decne.
Downy lavender is a perennial herb, forming a little bush, much-branched and erect.
The foliage, which persists almost all year, is dense with a light green colour. The leaves
present wide lobes. The plant is attractive, strongly aromatic and has a long flowering
umshawii – ‫ الﻌوسج‬....…….........……..... ........

period. Its distribution area includes Eritrea, Egypt, the Sinai peninsula and Northern
and Central Saudi Arabia.
51 Lyciumshawii – ‫ الﻌوسج‬....…….........
rua crassifolia - ‫ السرح‬...........................................

2 Maerua crassifolia - ‫ السرح‬...................
tkiopsis ciliate – ‫ الحلم‬- ‫ الحماط‬..........................

5 Moltkiopsis ciliate – ‫ الحلم‬- ‫ الحماط‬.....
nga peregrina – ‫ البان‬.........................................

4 Moringa peregrina – ‫ البان‬.................
radenus baccatus – ‫ القرضي‬.......…....…………

25 Ochradenus baccatus – ‫ القرضي‬.......…
0.5-0.8m high
windy
shape Undershrub, branching from the
base, rounded and massive
Soil Foliage
poor rich P
ersistent foliage of light
green color
Affinity for sandy loam soils Dense foliage
A little irrigation is necessary Flowering

Dense spikes up to 5cm
Unsalted lands
January to May
Landscape uses
Ornemental strip
LANDSCAPING
Nursery crop
populations
Sowing on damp compost with a VARIOUS
sprinkling of vermiculite
The plant attracts honey bees
of root system he chemical composition of the
T
essential oil has been studied
and is credited with antibacterial
nursery requires 2 years
activity
Planting The Downy Lavendar is very
aromatic providing a strong and
Plant in October-November pleasant scent
at least 40cm
solutions
Mulching
Maintenance

BRISTEL GRASS
Pennisetum divisum – ‫الثيموم‬ - ‫الصبغاء‬ .......…
Pennisetum divisum (J.F.Gmel.) Henrard
Poaceae
Bristel grass is a perennial herb. This tufted grass grows up to 1,5m tall under favourable
conditions. It is erect or ascending from a very stout woody rootstock, and shows a
herbaceous massif shape. Its inflorescences are white plumose spikes up to 10cm long.
Pergularia tomentose – ‫ الغلقﺔ‬....…………

The plant is used as fodder. It is native from the tropical and sub-tropical arid regions of
Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and western Asia.
Phoenix dactylifera – ‫ النخيل‬..........................
Pulicaria incisa – ‫ خاع‬- ‫ الﻌرار‬....…….....
Retama raetam – ‫ الرتم‬.................................
Rumex vesicarius – ‫ الحميضا‬- ‫ الحميض‬...........

Up to 1,5m high
type Tussock
windy shape Tall tufted grass with long stiffs
Foliage
Soil
Permanent foliage
poor rich
Dense foliage
Acidic, neutral, or alkaline grounds Flowering

Sandy and rocky soils Inflorescences: 10cm.
Plumose and hairy spikes
Low water needs
February-April
It can tolerate a low salinity
Landscape uses
Ground cover
Tussock
LANDSCAPING Herbaceous massifs
Stabiliser of sandy soils
Nursery crop
populations
Controlled germination
Vegetative multiplication by
cutting the woody rootstock
VARIOUS
Multiplication and cultivation he ability of this plant to grow
T
during 2 years in nursery on sand makes it a potentially
interesting resource for
Planting revegetation projects, such as
dune fixation
Ground preparation before
sowing (watering required for This plant is grazed by camels
germination) and provides biomass in
rangelands
No specific needs
Maintenance

6 PLEABANE
Pulicaria incisa
Pulicaria incisa (Lam.) DC.
– ‫ خاع‬- ‫ الﻌرار‬....……
Asteraceae
Pleabane is a perennial herb, which is strongly aromatic. It has a rounded shape and
a persistent light green foliage. During the flowering, the plant shows numerous,
attractive yellow heads. Its distribution area extends throughout Northern Africa, the
7 Retama raetam – ‫ الرتم‬........................

Sahara desert, the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. The plant has been used in
various areas for its medicinal properties.
4 Rumex vesicarius – ‫ الحميضا‬- ‫ الحميض‬...
4 Salvadora persica – ‫ اﻷراك‬.............
5 Searsia tripartita – ‫ الﻌرن‬.....................
7 Senna italica – ‫ الﻌﺷرق‬....……..... ...

0.2-0.4m
type Low stratum
windy shape Round shape, bullet shape
Foliage
Soil
Permanent foliage
poor rich
Dense foliage
Flowering
Attractive small yellow flowers
January-May
Non-saline soils
Fruits
Beakless achenes
Landscape uses
Ornamental herbaceous
LANDSCAPING
Ground cover
Nursery crop Garden of aromatic plants

populations
Seed production on a
dedicated field based on
an initial seed harvesting VARIOUS
in wild populations
Pleabane is highly aromatic.
Annual harvesting
It bears a sweet minty fragrance
(manual)
This plant has been studied by
scientists who have evidenced a
appropriate conditions
potential antioxydant activity
until sowing
Planting
Ground preparation just
before hand sowing
No specific needs
No specific needs
Maintenance

BLADDER
Rumex DOCK – ‫ الحميضا‬- ‫ الحميض‬...........
vesicarius
Rumex vesicarius L.
Polygonaceae
The Bladder dock is an annual herb of medium size, producing typically showy attractive
red flowers. It is able to grow on many kinds of soil and under various climates. In some
countries, the plant is harvested for food, or as a source of medicine. Its distribution is
Salvadora persica –
extensive in Africa and in the Arabian Peninsula.
‫ اﻷراك‬....................
Searsia tripartita – ‫ الﻌرن‬............................
Senna italica – ‫ الﻌﺷرق‬....……..... ..........
Solenostemma argel – ‫ الحرجل‬..................

0.2-0.4m
type Low stratum, annual herb
windy shape Herbaceous erect massive
Foliage
Soil
P
poor rich
green color
Dense foliage
Grows on various kinds of soils
Panicle of fruits
Erect wide clustered pink or
Non-saline soils reddish inflated fruits at the top
of the stem.
February to May
Not edible

Herbaceous ornamental strip
Nursery crop Base of trees or hedges
populations
Readily propagates by seed
production
Produces an adequate amount of VARIOUS
seeds in an annual crop cycle
This edible plant is a kind of sorrel.
Planting The leaves can be eaten raw or
Preparatory works on the soil cooked as a vegetable
Does not need fertilizer The species is credited with

several medicinal uses
Sow in October-November
he root extracts can provide dyes
T
of dark green to brown and dark
Maintenance grey colours
Mechanical selective weeding
could be required in some cases
(weed proliferation risk)

DOG SENNA
..........17Senna Senna italica – ‫ الﻌﺷرق‬....……
italica Mill.
Fabaceae
Dog senna is a perennial subshrub. Its foliage is dense and persists all year round.
Flowers are intense yellow and very attractive. The blue-green leaves smell like tea.
Its distribution area mainly extends from North-East Africa to the Arabian Peninsula.
........ 56 Solenostemma argel – ‫الحرجل‬

It has been credited with medicinal properties. The plant is harvested from the wild
or cultivated in many countries in dry tropical regions. The dried powdered leaves are
traded for their cosmetic qualities.

Up to 0.6m high
type Low stratum
windy shape Prostrate to semi-erect
Foliage
Soil
Permanent foliage
poor rich
Neutral or alkaline grounds Flowering

Deep, well-drained, sandy-loams Beautiful attractive medium size
flowers, grouped in long clusters
September - April
Can tolerate
low saline conditions
Fruits
Arched pods of 5cm
Edible

Nursery crop Herbaceous alignment
populations
harvesting in wild populations.
Seed conservation in appropriate The plant has a long tradition of
conditions until sowing being used as a purgative and a
stimulant in various countries.
Planting The leaves have been imported
to Europe from Egypt as the drug
Ground preparation just before ‘dog senna’
hand sowing
This species has a symbiotic
Biological solutions relationship with specific soil
No specific needs bacteria, forming nodules on
plant roots that fix atmospheric
nitrogen
Maintenance
Young seeds are eaten as a snack
Requires no maintenance or as a vegetable in the Sahel
region

6 ARGEL
Solenostemma argel – ‫ الحرجل‬..........
Solenostemma argel (Delile) Hayne.
Apocynaceae
Argel is a perennial herb with an iconic, white, globular, attractive inflorescence.

Branching from the base, the plant presents numerous erect stems, and shows a
persistent dense foliage, composed of lanceolate blue-green leaves. Its distribution area
extends throughout Northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The plant is sometimes
gathered from the wild for local medicinal uses.

Up to 0.6m high
type Low stratum
windy shape Numerous erect stems from

a woody rootstock
Soil Foliage
poor rich
Permanent foliage
Very dense foliage
Flowering
Sandy-clay loams, or rocky soils
Fragrant flowers grouped
No need for irrigation on the stem
Non-saline soils December - April
Fruits
Green purple marbled
pear-shaped
LANDSCAPING Not edible

Harvesting seeds in wild Ornamental herbaceous massifs
populations
Irrigation is required to allow
germination
Production of plants directly
by sowing or multiplication in
containers
VARIOUS
Planting Recent research seems to confirm

that the the plant has a medicinal
Option 1: Pricking out young plants potential
Option 2: Ground preparation,
sowing, followed by an initial Fragrant flowers. Pounded plants
irrigation are used as a soap and to wash
clothes
For the plantation option, the pit
should be at least 40cm Some studies in Saudi Arabia have
shown that the application of
Biological solutions Argel dry leaves on soil increases
the flowering and yield of
No specific needs date-palms
Maintenance

LARGE
pagrostis ciliata BUSHMAN – ‫ النصي‬- ‫ السبط‬- ‫ الصليان‬.........
GRASS
Stipagrostis
Stipagrostis ciliata
ciliata – ‫ النصي‬- ‫ السبط‬- ‫صليان‬
(Desf.) De Winter
Poaceae
This is a perennial grass, typically forming tufts. The inflorescences are tall, not
marix nilotica – ‫ الطرفﺔ‬....…….......……..........

condensed, open, aerated, specifically bright and plumose. Its distribution area is
separated into disjointed areas: North-West Africa, South Africa, Egypt, the Arabian
Peninsula and Central Asia. The plant is grazed by various livestock.
Tamarix nilotica – ‫ الطرفﺔ‬....…….......……
phrosia apollinea – ‫ الظبيﺔ‬..........……............

Tephrosia apollinea – ‫ الظبيﺔ‬..........…….
bulus terrestris – ‫ الدريسﺔ – الﺷرﺷير‬....................

Tribulus terrestris – ‫ الدريسﺔ – الﺷرﺷير‬........
gonella stellata – . ‫ الجرجس‬- ‫ الﺷطن‬- ‫ الخادم‬...........

Trigonella stellata – . ‫ الجرجس‬- ‫ الﺷطن‬- ‫الخادم‬
thania somnifera – ‫… الﻌبب‬....………....………

Withania somnifera – ‫… الﻌبب‬....………..
Up to 0,8m high
type Tussocks
windy shape Tufty, dense, erect grass;

the spikes are slightly curved
Soil Foliage
Dense foliage
Neutral to alkaline soils
Sandy, gravelly or rocky soils
Flowering
Upright inflorescence spikes about
10cm , feathery and curved
Able to grow under
February - May
saline conditions
Landscape uses
Ornamental tufty grass
Herbaceous massifs
LANDSCAPING Herbaceous strips
Nursery crop
populations
Annual harvesting
Seed conservation in appropriate
conditions until sowing
Planting
Ground preparation and sowing
(the seeds are broadcasted)
Biological solution
No specific needs VARIOUS
Maintenance I n its wild habitat, the growth of the

horizontal rhizome of this species can
Requires no maintenance naturally produce a «fairy circle» over
time (plants growing in a circular shape)

SAKHAL apollinea – ‫ الحويرة‬- ‫ الظبيﺔ‬........
Tephrosia
Tephrosia apollinea (Delile) DC.
Fabaceae
The current valid scientific name ot the species is Tephrosia purpurea subsp. apollinea
(Delile) Hosni & El Karemy. It is a perennial herb, woody at the base, showing an annual
vegetative development. It has small purple flowers; the fruits can appear all year round.
Tribulus terrestris – ‫ القطب‬-‫الدريسﺔ – الﺷرﺷير‬

The foliage can be dense and shows a rounded form. The gravelly wadi beds are a well
adapted habitat for the species. The plant grows in Eastern Africa, the Arabian Peninsula
and Western Asia. It has medicinal properties and is occasionally cultivated.
Trigonella stellata – ‫ النفل‬- ‫ الجرجس‬- ‫ الﺷطن‬- ‫دم‬
Withania somnifera – ‫… العبب‬....………...
Ziziphus nummularia – ‫ السدر البري‬....……..
Ziziphus spina-christi – ‫……… السدر البلدي‬

Up to 0.8m high
type Low stratum
windy shape Erect bushy herb, rounded shape
Foliage
Soil
Annual cycle
poor rich
Dense foliage
Acidic, neutral or alkaline soils Flowering

Any kind of well-drained soils Sparse clusters of small flowers
No need for irrigation January - May
Low resistance to salinity
Fruits
Green flattened pods
Not edible

Nursery crop Flowers strips or alignment
populations
Seed conservation in adapted
conditions until sowing The plant has a symbiotic
relationship with some soil
Planting bacteria, forming nodules on
the roots and fixing atmospheric
Ground preparation just before nitrogen
hand sowing
In Saudi Arabia, it was used
Biological solutions traditionally to treat jaundice,
liver and biliary diseases and
No specific needs inflammatory disorders
Maintenance In the Sinai, the leaves are

gathered and boiled to make hot
Requires no maintenance drinks by the Bedouins
The plant can be toxic for the
goats

GROUND COVERS

PATILLA
zoon canariense – ‫الدعاع‬ – ‫حدق‬ ‫ال‬ – ‫هداك‬ ‫ال‬ ..........
Aizoon canariense L.
Aizoaceae
Patilla is a succulent annual to short-lived perennial plant. It is fairly stout, spreading,

semi-prostate, leafy, with small fleshy pale yellow flowers. This species is found in drier
areas of Northern and Southern Africa throughout to the Arabian Peninsula, in the
nthemis deserti – ‫ الربيان‬- ‫ اﻷصفر‬- ‫النوار‬.............

Eastern Mediterranean and in Central Asia throughout to Pakistan.
nebia hispidissima – ‫ الكحيل – الفنون‬.................
temisia monosperma – ‫ عاذر‬- ‫ اﻷﻻء‬...............
temisia scoparia – ‫ السليكﺔ – السلماس‬...................
sphodelus fistulosus – ‫البروق‬ ……............

Up to 15cm high
type Ground cover
windy shape Flat habit crawling on the ground
Foliage
Soil
Permanent foliage
poor rich
Dense foliage
Flowering
Suitable for various soils
Star-shaped tiny yellow flowers
January - April
Able to grow on salty soil
Fruits
Star-shaped
Not edible
Landscape uses
LANDSCAPING
Ground cover
Nursery crop
populations
Grown in open fields for
seed production
Produces an adequate
amount of seeds in an
annual crop cycle
Manual harvesting
Sort the seeds and
store them until the
landscaping project
Planting
Ground preparation and
sowing VARIOUS
No specific needs The ficoïd leaves are edible. It is
harvested by the local populations
No specific needs
and used for as salads or
vegetables
Maintenance

NEGEV CHAMOMILE /
Anthemis deserti Boiss
Asteraceae
The current valid name of the species is Anthemis melampodina subsp. deserti (Boiss.)
Eig. This is the most common annual herb found on the dunes and deep sands of open
and desert environments, in Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula. The species is drought
tolerant and presents a very extensive, deep root system. Its small size provides
resistance to wind. This attractive species shows an abundant white flowering for a long
time throughout the spring.

Micro-climate
Appearance
15-30cm high
type Ground cover, annual herb
windy
shape High lawn, branched plant
Soil Foliage
poor rich
D
eciduous foliage of dark
green color
Preference for sandy soils Sparse foliage
Irrigation is not necessary Flowering

Non-saline soils Numerous attractive flowers:
white capitules with yellow
central disc
Long duration:
from February to May
Landscape uses
LANDSCAPING
Ornamental lawn
Nursery crop Base of trees
Harvesting seeds in wild Base of hedges
populations
Around ornamental beds
Readily propagates by seed (herbaceous or shrubs)
Produces an adequate amount
of seeds in an annual crop cycle
Planting
Preparatory works on the soil.
Fertilizer is not necessary
Maintenance

ARABIAN
Arnebia PRIMROSE– ‫ الكحيل – الفنون‬..........
hispidissima
Arnebia hispidissima (Sieber ex Lehm.) A.DC.
Boraginaceae
This annual erect herb is found in the wild and in anthropogenic environments, such as
disturbed soils in old fields. This attractive species displays an abundant yellow flowering
for a long time throughout the spring. Its distribution area extends in Central Africa, the
Artemisia monosperma – ‫ عاذر‬- ‫ اﻷﻻء‬.......

Arabian Peninsula and Asia. The plant is sometimes harvested for its roots, used as dye
and as a medecine.
Artemisia scoparia – ‫ السليكﺔ – السلماس‬...........
Asphodelus fistulosus – ‫البروق‬ …….....
Asteriscus graveolens – ‫……النقد‬.....……..…
Bassia eriophora – ‫ السداة‬- ‫………… القضقاض‬

0,15-0,4m high
type Ground cover, annual grass
windy shape Branched herb
Foliage
Soil
D
eciduous foliage of dark
poor rich
green color
Dense foliage
Grows on various kinds of well
drained soil Flowering
Irrigation is not necessary Numerous yellow flowers on
elongated erect clusters
Non-saline soils
March and April
Landscape uses
Ornamental lawn
LANDSCAPING Base of trees

Ornamental low plant, to be distributed
Nursery crop intermittenly

populations
Propagates by seed
Produces an adequate amount of
VARIOUS
Planting
Attractive for pollinator insects
Preparatory works on the soil
The root provides a red pigment,
Fertilizer is not needed used to colour food
The root extract is credited with
antibacterial properties
Maintenance
O verseeding can be done once,
2 to 5 years after set-up, in order
to strengthen the density of the
plant cover.
Weeding could be required

SAND
Artemisia WORMWOOD –
monosperma ‫ عاذر‬- ‫ اﻷﻻء‬..........
Artemisia monosperma Delile.
Asteraceae
Sand wormwood is a perennial erect ligneous plant; it displays a small bushy shape,
densely branching from the base. The finely and deeply indented leaves are very aromatic
and provide green cover for much of the year. Its native distribution area extends in
Artemisia scoparia – ‫ السليكﺔ – السلماس‬..............

Eastern Mediterranean and the Arabian Peninsula. This plant is able to grow on unstable
sandy grounds. The Sand Wormwood is a safe condiment for human food, and a high
quality fodder for livestock.
Asphodelus fistulosus – ‫البروق‬ …….......
Asteriscus graveolens – ‫……النقد‬.....……..…
Bassia eriophora – ‫ السداة‬- ‫…………… القضقاض‬
Cakile arabica – ‫ اﻹسليح‬- ‫زملوك‬ ……...… …

0.5-0.7m high
type Low stratum
windy shape Small, bushy, branching from the

base, dense green cover
Soil Foliage
poor rich Annual cycle
Very dense foliage
Any type of well-drained soils
Flowering
Panicles of littles heads
September - December
saline conditions
Landscape uses
High herb cover
Herbaceous massifs
LANDSCAPING Garden of aromatic plants
Nursery crop
Harvesting seeds
in wild populations
Seed production
on a dedicated field based
on an initial seed harvesting
in wild populations
Annual harvesting
appropriate conditions until
sowing
Planting
Ground preparation just
before hand sowing
No specific needs
No specific needs
VARIOUS
Maintenance
Requires no maintenance Leaves and flowering tops are
edible and gathered by local
populations as a condiment
or for tea.
This plant provides fodder
for livestock

VIRGATE
Artemisia scoparia – ‫ السليكﺔ – السلماس‬.........
WORMWOOD
Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit.
Asteraceae
Virgate wormwood is an annual herb, bright, green, erect, branching, spire-shaped

that grows often up to 35cm tall and may attain a height of 80cm on good soils. This
Asphodelus fistulosus – ‫البروق‬

Artemisia species is an aromatic plant; the leaves have an intense smell when the
plant grows under dry conditions. The flowers form tiny heads on a spreading panicle.
It is widespread across much of Eurasia. The plant has medicinal properties and is
……..
occasionally cultivated.
Asteriscus graveolens – ‫ البهرمان‬- ‫ النقد‬-‫حمار‬
Bassia eriophora –‫ القطين‬- ‫ الصوفانﺔ‬- ‫ السداة‬- ‫ض‬
Cakile arabica – ‫ اﻹسليح‬- ‫زملوك‬ ……...…
Calendula tripterocarpa – ‫ الحنوة‬..............

35-80cm high
type Low stratum
windy shape Highly branched stems
Foliage
Soil
Annual cycle
poor rich
Very dense foliage
Acidic, neutral or alkaline soils Flowering

Any type of well-drained soils Panicle of littles heads
No need for irrigation March - May
Non-saline soils
Landscape uses
High herb cover
LANDSCAPING
Nursery crop
Harvesting seeds
in wild populations
Seed production
on a dedicated field based
on an initial seed harvesting
in wild populations
Annual harvesting
Planting
hand sowing
No specific needs VARIOUS

No specific needs
Leaves and flowering tops are
Maintenance edible and gathered by local
populations as a condiment
Requires no maintenance or for tea
his plant is credited with various
T
medicinal properties

–‫ القطين‬- ‫ الصوفانﺔ‬- ‫ السداة‬- ‫… القضقاض‬...72
ophoraWOOLLY
SALTWORT
Bassia eriophora –‫ القطين‬- ‫ الصوفانﺔ‬- ‫ السداة‬-
Bassia eriophora (Schrad.) Asch.
Amaranthaceae
Woolly saltwort is an annual herb with an attractive hairy foliage, showing a typically
bica – ‫ اﻹسليح‬- ‫…… زملوك‬...… …….........73

cottony appearance. Well-adapted to drought, this species can grow in different arid
environments, saline or otherwise. Its distribution includes two separate areas, from
Eastern Mediterranean to the Arabian Peninsula and Central Asia. The plant is used in
Cakile arabica – ‫ اﻹسليح‬- ‫…… زملوك‬..

folk medicine of Saudi Arabia.
a tripterocarpa – ‫ الحنوة‬.................................74
Calendula tripterocarpa – ‫ الحنوة‬...........
m comosum – ‫ اﻷرطى‬....…….................... 33

10-30cm high
windy shape High lawn, branched plant
Foliage
Soil
Deciduous foliage. The leaves are
poor rich
fleshy. The appearance depending
on the maturity, from pubescent
green to cottony white.
Very dense foliage
Irrigation is not necessary
Tolerates saline conditions Fruits
White glomerules like
cotton balls
March-June
Landscape uses
LANDSCAPING Ornamental lawn
Base of trees
Nursery crop
Base of hedges
Harvesting seeds
in wild populations. Ornamental low plant, to be
distributed intermittently
compost with a little supply of
vermiculite.
of root system.
Put in greenhouse for 1-2 months.
Planting
Pricking-out during winter VARIOUS
The plant is used in folk medicine
of Saudi Arabia as anti-
rheumatoid, anthelmintic and for

Mulching snake bite.
he seeds are a source
T
Maintenance of edible oil.
Anticipate new plantation every he flowers provide food for
T
3 years to increase the plant cover. livestock.

ZAMLUQ
Cakile arabica
Cakile arabica Velen.
– ‫ اﻹسليح‬- ‫زملوك‬ ……
Brassicaceae
Zamluq is an annual herb, growing up to 40cm tall. The leaves are succulent, with a light
green color, and can provide ground covering most of the year. The little flowers are
purple and numerous. This species is able to grow in very arid conditions, especially in
Calendula tripterocarpa – ‫ الحنوة‬........

sandy deserts. Its distribution area extends from the Arabian Peninsula to Central Asia.

0.2-0.4m high during flowering
type Ground cover
shape A scending and branched, with

windy
many leaves borne at base of stem

Soil Foliage
Neutral, or alkaline soils
Flowering
Stable sandy soils
Small flowers with 4 purple petals
December - February
Able to grow under high saline
conditions Landscape uses
Flowered fallows
Flowered lawns
LANDSCAPING
Nursery crop
populations
Annual harvesting
conditions until sowing VARIOUS
Planting
Zamluq was used in folk medicine
to treat gastric disorders
hand sowing
The leaves are edible.
It is gathered by local populations
No specific needs
and used for food as salads or
No specific needs vegetables
Maintenance

MARIGOLD tripterocarpa – ‫ الحنوة‬..........
Calendula
Calendula tripterocarpa Rupr.
Asteraceae
This Marigold is a wild annual herb, able to grow in old fields as much as in natural areas.
The plant can form a dense, light green cover, due to its abundant foliage. The species
is very resistant to cutting, and can be trained as a short lawn. The flowers are very

attractive with an intense yellow color. This plant is well-known by the local populations,
and is used for its medicinal properties.

0,1-0,15m high
shape Short lawn

windy
Soil Foliage
P
poor rich
green color
Dense foliage
Irrigation is not necessary Flowering

Non-saline soils Several flowers on the top of
stems
February to April
Fruits
Heteromorphous achenes, with
three wings, striated backwards
and laterally
LANDSCAPING
Landscape uses
Nursery crop Ornamental lawn
Harvesting seeds in wild Mowed short lawn

populations
Readily propagates by seed
Produces an adequate amount of
Planting
Preparatory works on the soil,
removing weeds VARIOUS
The plant is used in Saudi Arabia in
Fertilizer is not necessary folk medicine for the treatment of
minor cuts, burns and skin
irritation
Maintenance
his species has glandular leaves,
T
To increase the density of cover slightly fragrant, pleasantly
of this plant, a light sowing can be scented
done 2 to 5 years after set-up
` Attractive for insects

BINDWEED
Convolvulus spicatus
Convolvulus spicatus Peter ex Hallier f.
– ‫…… الرخامى‬..
Convolvulaceae
Bindweed is a perennial herb, ascending to erect, woody at the base. The plant is
densely tomentose, with silvery foliage, composed of villous long entire leaves. The
inflorescence shows axillary cymes. The numerous flowers are very attractive, often
Cucumis prophetarum – ‫ مﺷط الذئب‬- ‫ئب‬

pure white and sometimes pink. This species grows in sandy deserts in North Western
Arabian Peninsula.
Dodonaea viscosa – ‫ الﺷث‬..................
Eremobium aegyptiacum – ‫ تربﺔ‬- ‫ريراء‬
Farsetia burtonae – ‫ الﻌلك – نفوذ مطي‬.....
Ferula sinaica – ‫ كلﺦ‬- ‫ كلخال‬- ‫ المحروث‬...

0,2-0,6m high
type Ground cover, perennial herb
shape Dense and woody at the base,

windy
with elongated and creeping

herbaceous stems
Soil
poor rich
Foliage
Foliage persistent at the base,
Sandy soils silvery grey color
A little irrigation is necessary Dense foliage at the base
Non-saline soils Flowering

Numerous flowers clustered in
axillary heads along the erect
stems
March to May
Single herbaceous ornamental of
Nursery crop small size
Harvesting seeds in wild Base of trees
populations
Base of hedges
compost with a little supply of Ornamental low plant, to be distributed
vermiculite intermittently
of root system.
Put in greenhouse for 2-3 months
Planting
Pricking-out during winter
Preparatory works on the soil VARIOUS
Fertilizer not necessary cological functions for wildlife:
E
Mulching the long bloom is very attractive
for insects. Heterogeneous foliage
generates shadow and shelter for
Maintenance reptiles
Monitor the plant cover; may
require replacement 3-5 years
after set-up

SLEISLA
remobium aegyptiacum – ‫ تربﺔ‬- ‫ الغريراء‬..........
Eremobium aegyptiacum (Spreng.) Asch.
Brassicaceae
Sleisla is a perennial herb, very common in Saudi Arabia in several habitats such as
gravel plains, hillsides, wadis, fields... It is a small plant with many pink flowers. The leaves
are thin but dense populations can give a rather intense green cover. Its distribution
arsetia burtonae – ‫ الﻌلك – نفوذ مطي‬..................

area extends in Northern Africa, the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula. The plant
provides a fodder that is relished by livestock.
erula sinaica – ‫ كلﺦ‬- ‫ كلخال‬- ‫ المحروث‬................
icuspalmata – ‫ الحماط‬......................................
icus salicifolia – ‫ اﻷثب‬.....……...................…
Gomphocarpus sinaicus – ‫ حوب‬- ‫ الحريملﺔ‬......

15-35cm high
type Ground cover
windy shape Several thin slender stems

branching, prostrate or ascending
from the base
Soil
Foliage
poor rich
S
hould be in brown
Permanent foliage
Neutral, or alkaline grounds
Low leaf density
Sandy soils
No need for irrigation Flowering
Low resistance to salinity Creamy white or very light mauve

in terminal clusters on long lateral
twigs.
February - April
Fruits
LANDSCAPING Small cylindrical pods
Not edible
Nursery crop
Harvesting seeds in wild Landscape uses
populations
Flowered fallows
Flowered lawns
harvesting in wild populations Ornamental grass
Annual harvesting Ground cover
Planting
hand sowing
No specific needs
No specific needs
Mainten nce
VARIOUS
he leaves are used to treat
T
jaundice in folk medicine in
Saudi Arabia
This plant is cultivated in nurseries
in the western region of Abu Dhabi
as a sand stabiliser

FARSETIA
– ‫الحثرة‬
urtonaeFarsetia - ‫الجفري‬ – ‫مطي‬ ‫نفوذ‬ – ‫ك‬‫عل‬ ‫ال‬ ..... 77
Brassicaceae burtonae – ‫ الحثرة‬- ‫مطي – الجفري‬
burtonae
Farsetia Oliv.
Farsetia is a perennial herb with a woody rootstock. This plant is erect, branched from
the base. The foliage is very dense, with linear leaves of pure green color. Flowering
persists for a long time, with many small whitish flowers. It is an endemic species of the
aica – ‫ كلﺦ‬- ‫ كلخال‬- ‫ المحروث‬.......................... 53

Arabian Peninsula and Iraq.
Ferula sinaica – ‫ كلﺦ‬- ‫ كلخال‬- ‫ المحروث‬.....
ata – ‫ الحماط‬................................................ 26
Ficuspalmata – ‫ الحماط‬...........................
folia – ‫ الثين الصفصافي‬- ‫ اﻷثب‬..............…..... 27

Ficus salicifolia – ‫ الثين الصفصافي‬- ‫ اﻷثب‬..
arpus sinaicus – ‫ حوب – القر الصغير‬- ‫ الحريملﺔ‬.. 54

Gomphocarpus sinaicus – ‫ب – القر الصغير‬
ersicum – ‫ الغضى‬..............................................34
Haloxylon persicum – ‫ الغضى‬......................
10-30cm high
windy shape Branched from the base, erect
Foliage
Soil

Persistent foliage of pure
poor rich green color
Dense foliage
Sandy and gravel soils
Flowering
Dense cluster of flowers on the
Non-saline soils top of stems
February to April
Fruits
lattened wide silicles, elongated
F
to 2cm long
LANDSCAPING
Landscape uses
Nursery crop Single herbaceous ornamental of
small size
populations Base of trees
Sowing on a damp mix of soil Base of hedges
and compost with a little supply
of vermiculite Ornamental low plant, to be distributed
intermittently
of root system
Put in greenhouse for 1-2 months
Planting VARIOUS
Pricking-out during winter
looms for a long time: flowers are
B
Preparatory works on the soil very attractive for insects
Fertilizer not necessary The plant is eaten by livestock
Mulching
Maintenance

CALLOUS-LEAVED
Moltkiopsis ciliate – ‫ الحلم‬- ‫ الحماط‬..........
GROMWELL
Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) I.M.Johnst
Boraginaceae
Moringa peregrina – ‫ البان‬.......................

Callous-leaved gromwell is a perennial plant, covered with stiff white hairs, woody at the
base. The foliage is dense, of dark green color. The leaves are entire and bristly along
margins. The inflorescence is airy, curved in leafy terminal branchlets, composed of
flowers of various colors. This plant is very drought tolerant, able to grow in desertic
environments. It is found in Northern Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Western Asia.
Ochradenus baccatus – ‫ القرضي‬.......…..
Pennisetum divisum – ‫ الثيموم‬- ‫الصبغاء‬......
Pergularia tomentose – ‫ الغلقﺔ‬....………
Phoenix dactylifera – ‫ النخيل‬......................

10-30cm high
windy shape Branched from the base, erect
Foliage
Soil

Persistent foliage of dark
poor rich green color
Dense foliage
Sandy and gravelly soils
Flowering
Various colors:
Tolerates saline conditions yellow – pink – blue – purple
February - April
LANDSCAPING
Nursery crop
populations
compost with a little supply of
vermiculite
of root system
Put in greenhouse
for 1-2 months
Planting Landscape uses

Pricking-out during winter Single herbaceous ornamental of
small size
Base of trees
Base of hedges
Mulching
Ornamental low plant, to be distributed
Maintenance intermitently
Monitor the plant cover and if

required, plan replacement
3-5 years after set-up
VARIOUS
The plant is eaten by livestock

CALTROP – ‫ القطب‬-‫ الدريسﺔ – الﺷرﺷير‬..........
ibulus terrestris
Tribulus terrestris L.
Zygophyllaceae
Caltrop is a leafy prostrate branching, trailing, annual herb spreading on the ground.
Highly polymorphic, the plant can grow stems in a zig-zag formation, with sparse to
dense foliage. The fruit typically carries strong quills. It can grow under various climatic
gonella stellata – ‫ النفل‬- ‫ الجرجس‬- ‫ الﺷطن‬- ‫ الخادم‬....

and soil conditions. It is widespread all around the Mediterranean area and the Arabian
Peninsula where the species occurs in wastelands and agricultural fields. This species is
used in folk medicine for various purposes, especially in the Arabian Peninsula.
thania somnifera – ‫… العبب‬....………....………
ziphus nummularia – ‫ السدر البري‬....……............
ziphus spina-christi – ‫……………… السدر البلدي‬

0.6m high
type Ground cover
windy shape On the ground, creeping,

dense grass
Soil Foliage
Sandy soils
Flowering
Small flowers of a yellow-whitish
color
December - August
conditions
Fruits
apsules with verrucous carpels,
C
ripe fruits are spine armed
Not edible
LANDSCAPING
Landscape uses
Nursery crop Ornamental grass
Harvesting seeds in wild Ground cover

populations
Flowered fallows
Seed production on a
dedicated field based on an Flowered lawns
initial seed harvesting in wild
populations
Annual harvesting
appropriate conditions until
sowing VARIOUS
Planting
Caltrop is credited with many
medicinal properties in diverse
Ground preparation just before traditional medicines. It is
hand sowing currently traded worldwide for
increasing muscle volume and
Biological solutions performance
No specific needs
Maintenance

ella stellata ‫النفل‬
STAR–FENUGREEK - ‫جرجس‬‫ال‬ - ‫الﺷطن‬ - ‫الخادم‬ .........
Trigonella stellata – ‫ النفل‬- ‫ الجرجس‬- ‫لﺷطن‬
Trigonella stellata
Fabaceae
Forssk
Star fenugreek is an annual herb, often spreading on the ground; some stems can be
erect. This species can provide dense ground cover, even on very poor and dry soils.
nia somnifera – ‫… العبب‬....………....…………

Its distribution area extends throughout Northern Africa to the Arabian Peninsula. The
plant is used in traditional medicine, and has cosmetic properties, in particular to make
Withania somnifera – ‫… العبب‬....………

henna for hair care in Central and Eastern Saudi Arabia.
us nummularia – ‫ السدر البري‬....…….................

Ziziphus nummularia – ‫ السدر البري‬....…
us spina-christi – ‫………………… السدر البلدي‬

Ziziphus spina-christi – ‫… السدر البلدي‬

0.2m high
type Ground cover
windy shape Densely branched from the base

with stems that can grow up to
35cm
Soil
Foliage
poor rich
Annual cycle
Neutral to alkaline soils Medium dense foliage
Sandy-clays
Flowering
Tiny yellow clustered flowers
February - April
conditions
Fruits
Tiny pods
Edible

Ornamental grass
Nursery crop
Ground cover
populations Flowered lawns
Seed production on a Flowered fallows
dedicated field based on an
initial seed harvesting in wild
populations
Annual harvesting
VARIOUS
appropriate conditions
The Bedouins use the plant to
Planting prepare a sweet-scented
hairdressing. The leaves were used
Ground preparation just in the composition of a cure
before hand sowing against hair lice
Biological solutions he plant has a symbiotic

T
relationship with certain soil
No specific needs bacteria, forming nodules on the
roots and fixing atmospheric
Maintenance nitrogen

LANDSCAPING
SCENARII
U S I N G N AT I V E S P E C I E S

LANDSCAPING SCENARIOS
USING NATIVE PLANTS
In order to illustrate the potential uses of the
plants in this catalog, we provide for illustrative
purposes some scenarios of landscaping using
plants of AlUla area, made by AREP (www.
arepgroup.com). Plants from several landscape
function classes were set up. These scenarios aim
to show several case studies of landscaping for
AlUla using the species provided in the present
catalog. Case studies include: parks, street side
layout, residential areas, promenades …
Background pictures were taken in AlUla area
and plants were added graphically. Several of
the plants inserted came from pictures taken
during the field missions.

STREET SIDE

Hyphaene thebaica
Phoenix dactylifera
Acacia tortilis
Tamarix nilotica
Pennisetum divisum
Senna italica

Hyphaene thebaica
Phoenix dactylifera
Ficus salicifolia
Pennisetum divisum
Aizoon canariense
Tribulus terrestris

Hyphaene thebaica
Phoenix dactylifera
Acacia pachyceras
Lycium shawii
Cenchrus ciliaris

Hyphaene thebaica
Phoenix dactylifera
Acacia tortilis
Ficus palmata
Ziziphus nummularia
Lycium shawii
Ferula sinaica
Phoenix dactylifera
Cucumis prophetarum
Fagonia bruguieri
Trigonella stellata
Senna italica

....……………...….....
................. ‫السمر‬
raddiana–– ‫…الرين‬.....……………...…..... 47
20 ..................................................... Capparis47 spinosa 21 –Cenchrus ‫ﺷفلح – الكبر‬ ‫ ال‬................................
ciliaris – ‫ اﻷبيد‬-‫الغرزة – الخضر‬ 43–
ticosum
–gerrardii ‫السمر‬ – ..........................................
‫الطلح‬ ..................................... Capparis 22
Cenchrus ciliaris – ‫– الخضر‬Capparis 20
cartilaginea Capparis – ‫اللصف‬ spinosa –
....................................
Chrozophora
‫الثموم – الغرزة‬ ‫الكبر‬
……………….…. –
tinctorial ‫ﺷفلح‬ ‫ال‬ ...............
– ‫التنوم‬
5142 …
...……………...….....
................................
na 20 47
– ‫ السمر‬..................................................... Capparis 21 spinosa – ‫– الكبر‬ciliaris
Cenchrus ‫الﺷفلح‬cartilaginea ................................
– ‫الغرزة – الخضر‬ – ‫اللصف‬ – ‫الثموم‬ ........4… 3
ia–tortilis ‫الطلح‬
i.................................
– ‫السمر‬ .....................................
21 ..........................................
Capparis cartilaginea 20
– ‫الخضر‬ – ‫اللصف‬
22
– ‫الغرزة‬ ....................................
Capparis
– ‫الثموم‬ spinosa
……………….…. – ‫الكبر‬ 42– ‫ﺷفلح‬
51 –73‫ التنوم‬Lyc ‫ال‬ ......... La
‫…………الر‬...….....
...................................
a – ‫سمر‬ ‫ال‬ 47 Cenchrus 20
..................................................... Cakileciliaris arabica
Capparis 21 – spinosa
‫اﻹسليح‬ - –‫زملوك‬
Convolvulus ‫الكبر‬
Chrozophora
Cenchrus ……...
Capparis
– ‫ﺷفلح‬ ‫ال‬
spicatus …cartilaginea
ciliaris
tinctorial
…….........
................................
– – ‫الرخامى‬
‫اﻷبيد‬ - –
‫الخضر‬ ‫اللصف‬
……..… – 4
……
....
‫رزة‬3
fruticosum
ardii
a................... –
tortilis – ‫السمر‬ –
‫الطلح‬
21 ‫…الرين‬.....……………...….....
.....................................
.......................................... Capparis Cenchrus ciliaris22– ‫الخضر‬ 20
cartilaginea47 – ‫اللصف‬ ....................................
– ‫ الغرزة‬tinctorial – ‫………………الثموم‬.…. 42 51
……...….....
.................................. 47.....................................................
20 Chrozophora – ‫…… التنوم‬....…
on –
addiana ‫الراء‬
fruticosum –- ‫الطرف‬
‫السمر‬
s.....................................
– ‫السمر‬
……………...….....
INDEX– ‫الحوص‬ 21 ‫ـ‬OF
..................................
..........................................
47
‫…………الرين‬...….....
Capparis SPECIES Capparis
Chrozophora cartilaginea
Cenchrus
48 IN
spinosa 21 ALPHABETICAL
tinctorial
47
–
Cenchrus
– ‫الكبر‬
‫اللصف‬
22 ciliaris Chrozophora
– –
‫التنوم‬ ‫ﺷفلح‬
Capparis
– ‫الغرزة – الخضر‬
ciliaris
‫ال‬
Convolvulus
……....…………….....
....................................
–
spinosa
tinctorial
‫الخضر‬
................................
– ‫………………–الثموم‬.…. ORDER–
–
spicatus ‫الغرزة‬
‫الكبر‬
‫…… التنوم‬....… 42–
––
‫ﺷفلح‬ OF
‫الثموم‬
524‫لرخامى‬
‫ال‬
3 ……
......
51L
‫سمر‬ ‫ال‬ .....................................................
a javanica – ‫ الراء‬- ‫الطرف‬
–
..............................
.............................. 22 20Chrozophora Capparis ..................................
spinosa tinctorial 21 – ‫الكبر‬ –48
–20 ‫التنوم‬ ‫ﺷفلح‬ ‫حنوةال‬
Cenchrus
……....…………….....
‫ال‬Convolvulus ciliaris – spicatus
................................ ‫الخضر‬52 4–3‫الغرزة‬ – ‫الرخامى‬– ‫لثموم‬ La…
Mae
errardii
–
………...…..... ‫السمر‬
..................
.................
– WITH
.........................................‫الطلح‬ CORRESPONDING
.....................................
..........................................
22 47
ana – ‫ ال–سمر‬.....................................................
20 - ‫ التويم‬-‫ – الراء‬Capparis
21 Calendula
Capparis Cenchrus tripterocarpa
cartilaginea 22
spinosa
ciliaris –
21 tinctorial
‫اللصف‬
– ARABIC
–‫الخضر‬
Cucumis
Capparis
–
Chrozophora
Capparis
– ‫ﺷفلح‬
‫الغرزة‬
prophetarum NAMES
.................................74
.................................... –
cartilaginea
spinosa
‫الثموم‬
‫ ال‬................................
tinctorial ……………….….
– –
‫الذئب‬– –‫الكبر‬ 42
‫اللصف‬
–
‫التنوم‬
‫مﺷط‬ -‫ﺷفلح‬
4……..…
3 52
‫الذئب‬
…… ‫ ال‬.
51
.........
a javanica
gerrardii – ‫الربل‬
....................................... ‫الطلح‬ .....................................
21 Capparis ‫الطرف‬ Chrozophora ...............
cartilaginea 48
20 – Convolvulus
‫اللصف‬ Capparis
‫التنوم‬ ……....…………….....
spicatus – –‫الرخامى‬
....................................
cartilaginea ‫اللصف‬ 42 ..........
ortilis
nse
………...…..... – – ‫الدعاع‬ ‫السمر‬ – ‫حدق‬
47 20 ..........................................
‫ال‬ – ‫هداك‬ ‫ال‬ .................. Cenchrus
Convolvulus 67 ciliaris 22
spicatus– Chrozophora
‫اﻷبيد‬ - ‫الخضر‬
– Cenchrus
‫الرخامى‬ –
Cucumis tinctorial
‫الغرزة‬
……..……….…...... – –
‫الثموم‬
prophetarum ‫التنوم‬
……….…. ……....…… – 51
75‫الذئب‬ ‫ط‬
ca ...........................
.................................
fruticosum – ‫ الربل‬-–‫التويم‬ Abutilon 22
-‫ الطرف – الراء‬...............
fruticosum
‫…الرين‬.....……………...…..... Capparis . . spinosa
Chrozophora
................................................ – ‫الكبر‬
47 –67 –
tinctorial
48cartilaginea
82 ‫ﺷفلح‬
Convolvulus
Calligonum‫ال‬ – ................................
‫التنوم‬
comosum ciliaris
……....…………….....
spicatus – ‫…… الرخامى‬..…
. . – ‫الخضر‬
......................................... 4 –
543 ‫الغرزة‬ – 52‫وم‬L
on ‫السمر‬
canariense
..............................
………...…..... ..........................................
................................... – 47 ‫الدعاع‬ 48 21 – ‫حدق‬
Cenchrus
Convolvulus ‫ال‬ – ‫هداك‬ Capparis
ciliaris ‫ال‬ 22 – ‫الخضر‬
..................
spicatus – ‫الرخامى‬‫الغرزة‬ –
Chrozophora ‫اللصف‬
‫الثموم‬
……..……….…......
Cucumis ....................................
……………….…. tinctorial
prophetarum –75 51‫التنوم‬ ……....
–‫الخضر‬ ‫الذئب‬ 42Lyc
Mol ‫ﺷط‬
uticosum
.....................
ddiana – ‫سمر‬ – ‫ال‬ ‫الحوص‬
a – ‫ الراء‬- ‫ الطرف‬..................................
.................................... ‫ـ‬ ‫…………الرين‬...….....
.....................................................
20 22 Calligonum
Capparis spinosa
Chrozophora comosum
48 47 –
21 ‫الكبر‬ –
tinctorial – ‫اﻷرطى‬
‫ﺷفلح‬ – ‫ال‬ ....……................
................................
Cenchrus
‫التنوم‬ ……....……………..... ciliaris – ....
‫اﻷبيد‬ 33
4 -3 –…
52 ‫ة‬
Capparis cartilaginea Dodonaea – Convolvulus
‫اللصف‬
Capparis viscosa
....................................
spinosa – spicatus ‫ﺷث‬ – ‫ال‬‫الكبر‬ – – ‫الرخامى‬
......................
‫ﺷفلح‬ 42
‫ال‬ ......
–
................. ‫السمر‬
.....................
is 48 21 ..........................................
– ‫الدعاع‬ –47 ‫حدق‬ ‫ال‬Capparis Cenchrus
– ‫هداك‬Convolvulus ‫ ال‬.................. ciliaris22 – ‫الخضر‬
67 – ‫الغرزة‬
– ‫الرخامىال‬ – ‫الثموم‬ ……………….….
……..……….…...... 51 - ‫ذئب‬
an‫…………الرين‬...….....
rti
canariense
.......................
raddiana
vanica – ‫ربيان‬ – –‫الربل‬
...................................
‫ال‬ -
Acacia
‫السمر‬
‫صفر‬ 20
- ‫اﻷ‬
gerrardii
.....................................................
‫التويم‬ - ‫نوار‬ - ‫الراء‬22 ‫ال‬
................................................................
–
..................... ‫الطرف‬ Chrozophora
Cucumis spinosa 68
...............
28
prophetarum–spicatus
48‫الكبر‬
tinctorial
Cucumis
–Capparis
21Convolvulus –‫ﺷفلح‬
–Capparis
‫التنوم‬
‫الذئب‬
prophetarum
cartilaginea
................................
Dodonaea
‫مﺷط‬ spinosa
spicatus
……....……………..... - ‫الذئب‬ viscosa
‫ﺷرى‬
– ‫الذئب‬
.............................................
– – ‫الكبر‬ ‫الرخامى‬
…..…..
72 ‫ مﺷط‬75
–– 4‫ﺷفلح‬ 3 44
……..……
‫ﺷث‬ ‫الال‬52.......
.......
iense ––– ‫الدعاع‬
errardii
................................
.................................
……………...….....
.......................
rrardii
‫الطلح‬
‫الطلح‬ –20 ‫حدق‬ .....................................
21 ‫ال‬47– 48‫هداك‬ Cenchrus
..................................... ‫ال‬Capparis
.................. ciliaris cartilaginea
Convolvulus
Capparis 67 20
20 spicatus
– ‫الخضر‬
spinosa
–Cucumis
‫اللصف‬
‫الغرزة‬
––....................................
Chrozophora
–
‫الثموم‬
‫الرخامى‬
prophetarum
‫ﺷفلح‬
……………….….
‫ال‬
tinctorial
……..……….…......
................................ – ‫الذئب‬ – 51 42
‫التنوم‬
‫…… مﺷط‬. - ‫الذئب‬
4
75L
3
–– ‫هداك‬
emis ‫الراء‬deserti- ‫الطرف‬
............................... –Acacia
‫ ال‬.................. ..................................
‫ربيان‬ ‫ال‬67
raddiana 22
- ‫صفر‬ CucumisChrozophora ‫ اﻷ‬- ‫نوار‬ prophetarum 4830 –– ‫التنوم‬
‫ال‬.....................
tinctorial 68 Capparis
‫الذئب‬ ……....…………….....
Convolvulus
‫مﺷط‬ - Dodonaea
‫الذئب‬
spinosa ‫ﺷرى‬ spicatus
…..….. viscosa –44 52–‫الرخامى‬ ‫ﺷث‬
74 ‫التنومال‬ ……. Ma
Mor
.........
.........................
rtilis
ense
…………...…..... – ‫السمر‬
..................................
– ‫الدعاع‬ – 21 ‫حدق‬ ..........................................
‫ال‬ – ‫هداك‬ 48
47 .................................. Cenchrus
‫ال‬ .................. ciliaris
...............................................................
Convolvulus 67 – ‫الخضر‬
22 spicatus – ‫الغرزة‬
Eremobium – –
Cucumis ‫الثموم‬
Chrozophora
‫الرخامى‬ aegyptiacum ……………….….
..........................................................
……..……….…......
prophetarum tinctorial – ‫تربﺔ‬ –51
–‫الغرزة‬
-‫الذئب‬
‫الغريراء‬ 75
‫مﺷط‬….
nica .................................
–
...................
.................
mis deserti ‫الراء‬ –-
67 22‫الطرف‬
‫ربيان‬ ‫ال‬ - ‫صفر‬ 20 ‫اﻷ‬ - ‫نوار‬ Capparis
Chrozophora
‫ال‬ .....................
Cucumis spinosa
48
tinctorial
prophetarum68 – ‫الكبر‬
–Dodonaea –– ‫ﺷفلح‬
Cenchrus
‫التنوم‬ ‫الذئب‬ ‫ال‬ ................................
……....…………….....
‫مﺷط‬
viscosa ciliaris - ‫الذئب‬ – – ‫الخضر‬
‫ﺷرى‬
‫ﺷث‬ ‫ال‬ …..…..– 52
................... 4 3
44– ‫وم‬
..........................
assima
canariensetortilis–– ‫الفنون‬ ‫السمر‬
..................................
–‫ال‬Acacia 21
‫الدعاع‬
– ‫كحيل‬ –..........................................
tortilis ‫حدقال‬ 48‫– ال‬Cenchrus
......................... ‫هداك‬ ciliaris
‫ ال‬..................
Convolvulus
Dodonaea 6932viscosa ‫الخضر‬
–spicatus
67 22Cucumis
–‫التنوم‬ ‫الغرزة‬
–Cenchrus
‫ﺷث‬ Cenchrus
–‫ﺷفلح‬ ‫الرخامى‬ ‫الثموم‬
–ciliaris
prophetarum
‫ال‬Convolvulus Eremobium ……………….….
ciliaris
……..……….…......
........................................ ‫اﻷبيد‬
–aegyptiacum
– ‫الذئب‬ -‫الخضر‬ 90
51 –25
‫مﺷط‬ -75 ‫الغرزة‬
–‫الذئب‬ ‫ىربﺔ‬
..............................
ddiana
‫ح‬
serti ‫هداك– – ال‬ – ‫سمر‬
............................
‫ ال‬..................
‫ربيان‬ 22
‫ اﻷ‬- 67 20
.....................................................
Chrozophora
‫ال‬.....................................................
- ‫صفر‬ ‫النوار‬..................... Capparis
......................................................................
Cucumis spinosa
tinctorial 21
68ciliaris– – ‫الكبر‬
prophetarum –
Dodonaea ‫ال‬ ................................
……....…………….....
– ‫الذئب‬ viscosa
...........................................................
‫ مﺷط‬-–‫الذئب‬spicatus ‫ﺷث‬ ‫ﺷرىال‬ – 52 4 3
…..….. 44M
..................... ……
...........................
diana
nse
‫ال‬bia – –
– hispidissima
‫الطرف‬ ‫السمر‬
‫الدعاع‬ – ‫حدق‬
...............
‫ال‬.....................
-......................
‫نوار‬ 21 ‫ال‬
–20‫الفنون‬ –
68 ‫هداك‬
48Dodonaea ‫ال‬ ..................
– ‫ الكحيل‬.........................
Convolvulus Cenchrus
viscosa spicatus67 – ‫ﺷث‬21 –
– ‫الرخامى ال‬
69 ‫اﻷبيد‬
Cucumis - ‫الخضر‬
……..……….…...... –
prophetarum
........................................
Eremobium ‫الغرزة‬ – ‫الثموم‬
aegyptiacum 25 ……….….
–
75 ‫الذئب‬ ‫تربﺔمﺷط‬
– 51 - ‫ب‬-
Mo
Och
‫حدق‬
erti ........................
anica ‫ربيان––ال‬– ‫الراء‬ -22 ‫الطرف‬
‫ الهداك‬..................
-Aerva
‫صفر‬javanica
‫ اﻷ‬- ‫نوار‬ ..................................
67 Chrozophora
‫ال‬..................... Cucumis tinctorial
68 48
84 prophetarum
– ‫التنوم‬ ……....…………….....
Convolvulus
–burtonae‫الذئب‬ ‫مﺷط‬viscosa - ‫مطي‬ ‫نفوذ الذئب‬
spicatus ‫ﺷرى‬ –– –‫ﺷث‬
–.......................................... 52
–
…..….. ‫الرخامى‬
‫الﻌلالك‬............ 44
.........
......................................
...................
ariense
ia.................
hispidissima – ‫الدعاع‬ 68 48 ––‫العويذران‬ ‫ الحدق‬21 - ‫الفنون‬ Cenchrus
–...................................................................
‫هداك‬ ..................
‫ال‬Convolvulus
– ‫كحيل‬
Dodonaea ‫ال‬ ciliaris
67
spicatus
............ viscosa– ‫الخضر‬
69
Farsetia
Chrozophora
–– ‫ﺷث‬
Eremobium –Dodonaea
‫الرخامى‬ ‫الغرزة‬
Chrozophora
‫ال‬
tinctoria
……..……….…...... ‫الثموم‬
–aegyptiacum tinctorial
........................................ ……………….…. –
92
‫التنوم‬
‫تربﺔ‬ 75- 51
……. 25
‫غريراء‬
‫حدق‬ .......................
is
osperma ‫ ال–––هداك – ال‬..................
javanica
deserti ‫الربل‬
‫ربيان‬
‫عاذر‬ 22 ---‫التويم‬ 67-.......................
‫الراء‬ - Chrozophora
‫ال‬..........................................
‫صفر‬
‫اﻷﻻء‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫نوار‬ – Eremobium
‫الطرف‬
.....................
‫ال‬Cucumis ...............
70 tinctorial
prophetarum68 48
aegyptiacum–Dodonaea ‫التنوم‬Chrozophora
– –……....…………….....
‫الذئب‬
‫تربﺔ‬ viscosa
‫مﺷط‬
Farsetia - ‫الغريراء‬ - tinctorial
‫الذئب‬burtonae ‫ﺷث‬ ‫ﺷرى‬
– .................... ‫– ال‬.......................
…..…..–‫التنوم‬52 76
‫مطي‬ ……...
44 – ‫ك‬
‫نفوذ‬
‫اﻷ‬...................................
rtilis
dissima- ‫نوار‬– ‫ال‬ ‫السمر‬
............................
.....................
– ‫العويذران‬
Aizoon - 48 21
‫الفنون‬ 68 – Convolvulus
‫كحيل‬ Cenchrus ‫ال‬
canariense..................................................... 122 ............
Dodonaea ciliaris
spicatus 69 –22 ‫الخضر‬
–
viscosa –
Eremobium‫الغرزة‬
– Cucumis
‫ﺷث‬ –
‫ال‬ ‫الثموم‬
……..……….…...... ……………….….
prophetarum
........................................
aegyptiacum
Convolvulus spicatus .......................................... 138 – –
75
‫تربﺔ‬ 51
‫الذئب‬
- ‫الغريراء‬‫مﺷط‬25M -
........................
tilis
rti
misia – – – ‫ربيان‬‫السمر‬ ‫ال‬
‫كا‬............................
‫هداك‬ ‫ال‬ - ‫صفر‬
..................
monosperma
‫ ال‬......................... 22
..........................................
‫اﻷ‬ - – ‫نوار‬
67 ‫ال‬
‫عاذر‬ .....................
Cucumis - ‫اﻷﻻء‬ Chrozophora 68
.......................
prophetarum 22 tinctorial
– 70 ‫الذئب‬ –
‫مﺷط‬
Dodonaea ‫التنوم‬
- ‫الذئب‬ ……....…………….....
‫ﺷرى‬
viscosa …..….. – ‫ﺷث‬ 44 ‫ال‬ ................. 52 Mo
‫ص‬ ......................
anariense
dissima ‫اﻷ‬ - ‫نوار‬ – ‫ال‬ – ‫الدعاع‬
48 21
.....................
‫الفنون‬ – –69
‫كحيل‬ ‫حدق‬‫ال‬
Eremobium
‫ال‬68–Convolvulus
......................... ‫ الهداك‬.................. aegyptiacum
Dodonaea spicatus
69 67 –– ‫تربﺔ‬
viscosa ‫الرخامى‬
Ferula – ‫ﺷث‬
- ‫الغريراء‬Farsetia
Eremobium
sinaica
....................
……..……….…......
Cucumis –
burtonae
prophetarum
‫ ال‬........................................
‫كلﺦ‬ -
aegyptiacum ‫ال‬ ‫كلخ‬
76– ‫الحثرة‬
- 75–– -‫الذئب‬
‫محروث‬
‫الجفري‬
‫تربﺔ‬
‫ال‬
Pen
25 -‫ﺷط‬
....... ‫ء‬
..................................
eserti
.................
isia –
..................
monosperma ‫ربيان‬ 69 ‫ال‬
67 -
Anthemis
‫صفر‬ – ‫اﻷ‬ 22
-
‫عاذر‬
deserti
‫نوار‬ - ‫ال‬‫اﻷﻻء‬ CucumisChrozophora
.....................
.......................
Eremobium 68
prophetarum
124
tinctorial
70
aegyptiacum ––
Farsetia
Cucumis
‫التنوم‬
Convolvulus
‫الذئب‬ – ……....…………….....
‫مﺷط‬
‫تربﺔ‬
burtonae
prophetarum
- - ‫الذئب‬ spicatus
‫الغريراء‬ – ‫ﺷرى‬ …..….. –
....................
‫الحثرة‬ - ‫الرخامى‬
‫الجفري‬
76
44 52
– 76 ……
‫مطي‬
‫ص‬arian.......................
‫اﻷ‬canariense
-–‫نوار‬
hispidissima ‫سلماس‬ 48
‫––– ال‬- ‫الطرفﺔ‬
‫الدعاع‬
‫ال‬.....................
‫العويذران‬
‫سليك‬ ‫ ال‬22 – 68 -‫حدق‬ ‫الفنون‬
........................... ‫هداك–– ال‬
Convolvulus ‫كحيل‬
Dodonaea
Farsetia ‫ ال‬..................
........................................................
‫ ال‬............
71 spicatus
burtonae viscosa6967 ––Eremobium
–‫مطي‬‫الرخامى‬
‫ﺷث‬ Convolvulus
‫نفوذ‬ –……..……….…......
‫ك‬aegyptiacum
‫…… ال‬....……………..... spicatus–––‫كلﺦ‬
........................................
Ferula sinaica
‫ الﻌل‬........................... ‫تربﺔ‬
.........................................
75
-52 ‫كلخ‬
77 25……
-‫الغريراءال‬ - ‫وث‬ ..
–
‫كحيل‬...............................
anica ‫هداك‬
nosperma ‫ال‬ ‫ال‬– ‫الراء‬
..................
.........................
– ‫عاذر‬ / 67- ‫اﻷﻻء‬ ..................................
69 Cucumis Chrozophora
....................... prophetarum
Eremobium 70 48
tinctorial ––
aegyptiacum ‫التنوم‬
‫الذئب‬
Farsetia ‫مﺷط‬
Dodonaea -– ‫الذئب‬
burtonae ‫تربﺔ‬ ‫ﺷرى‬
viscosa
- ‫الغريراء‬
– …..…..
‫مطي‬ – ‫ﺷث‬ 44 ‫ال‬
....................
‫نفوذ‬ – ‫ك‬ .............
‫ﻌل‬ ‫ال‬ 76
........ M
........................
anica
ssima
misia – ‫الربل‬
- ‫نوار‬.......................
scoparia -
‫–ال‬.....................
‫الفنون‬Arnebia 48
‫التويم‬
–– ‫سلماس‬ - ‫الراء‬
‫كحيل‬hispidissima
‫ال‬68 –
‫ال‬.........................
–Dodonaea ‫الطرف‬ ...............
Convolvulus
‫ ال‬...........................
‫سليكﺔ‬...............................................
viscosa 69 –– 48 spicatus
‫نفوذﺷث‬ – ‫الرخامى‬
‫ال‬71........................................
Eremobium ……..……….…......
aegyptiacum 25–-38‫تربﺔال‬ 75
-- ‫ريراء‬
Oc
s–‫اﻷﻻء‬.........................
‫ه‬deserti
nosperma ‫كحيلال‬ ‫ال‬ – –‫ربيان‬
.................. 67‫ ال‬-22‫صفر‬
.........................
‫عاذر‬ -
70
‫اﻷﻻء‬
Farsetia
‫اﻷ‬ 69 - ‫نوار‬ Cucumis
.......................
burtonae
‫ال‬..................... prophetarum
Eremobium 126
70
‫مطي‬68aegyptiacumFicus
‫ك‬
––Dodonaea
‫الذئب‬ ‫مﺷط الﻌل‬...........................
Ferula
– - ‫تربﺔ‬
viscosa
Dodonaea
Farsetia
palmata ‫الذئب‬ –
sinaica ‫ﺷرى‬
-‫الحماط‬
‫الغريراء‬ viscosa – ‫كلﺦ‬
…..….. 77 – 44
....................
......................................................
burtonae – ‫الحثرة‬
............................. ‫كلخﺷث‬- ‫الجفريال‬ ‫روث‬
Per
.........
76–
– ‫ –الطرف‬70
‫الرا‬scoparia
...................
pidissima
.................
sia –...............
‫الفنون‬
68 ‫سلماس‬ – ‫كحيلال‬ –48 ‫سليكالﺔ‬ .........................
‫ال‬- ‫نوار‬ Convolvulus
Dodonaea
...........................
Farsetia 69spicatus
viscosa
burtonae 71 – –‫ﺷث‬ –‫ال‬Cucumis
‫مطي‬
Ferula ‫الرخامى‬
‫نفوذ‬sinaica –- ‫الذئب‬ ……..……….…......
prophetarum
........................................
‫ك‬prophetarum
‫ﺷرى–الﻌل‬ ...........................
‫كلﺦ‬ - ‫ال‬ ‫كلخ‬ –- ‫محروث‬
‫الذئب‬ 2575 ‫مﺷط‬
77
‫ال‬ .... -
‫هدا‬
mis
ia‫كحيل‬
stulosus ‫ال‬ ..................
deserti
monosperma –
‫ ال‬.........................
–– ‫البروق‬ 67
‫ربيان‬ ‫ال‬
– – ‫عاذر‬ - ‫صفر‬ 69 ‫اﻷ‬
- –‫اﻷﻻء‬
……....................49 Cucumis ‫ال‬ .....................
.......................
Eremobium
Ferula prophetarum
sinaica 68
70‫كلﺦ‬
aegyptiacum
– –
Farsetia
- ‫الذئب‬
‫ال‬ Cucumis
‫كلخ‬ ‫مﺷط‬
–burtonae
- ‫تربﺔ‬
Ficus
‫محروث‬ - ‫الغريراء‬
palmata
‫ال‬ – ‫مطي‬ …..…..
.......................... ‫الحماطنفوذ‬
....................
– – 44
‫الذئب‬ ‫مﺷط‬
‫ﻌلك‬..............
‫ ال‬..........
76
53 - ‫ب‬
...............................
anariense
paria‫نوار‬
- ‫اﻷﻻء‬ ‫ال‬..................... ‫الدعاع‬
Artemisia
–.......................
‫سلماس‬ ‫– ال‬67 ‫سليك–ﺔ‬ 68‫ال‬70 48
‫حدق‬
monosperma ‫ال‬ ‫هداك‬
Convolvulus
DodonaeaFarsetia
........................... ‫ال‬ ..................
viscosa
..................................... 128spicatus67
– ‫الﺷث‬Ferula
71prophetarum
burtonae – ‫الرخامى‬
Eremobium ……..……….…......
aegyptiacum
........................................
– ‫مطي‬ Eremobium
sinaica‫مﺷط– نفوذ‬ ‫ﻌل–ك‬aegyptiacum
‫كلﺦال‬
............................ 140
...........................
- ‫ﺷرىال‬ ‫ كلخ‬-…..….. 25 75
– ‫ التربﺔ‬......
‫محروث‬ -77 ‫اء‬O
osperma
‫الفنون‬
hodelus‫هدا‬
nariense ‫ال‬ ..................
– ‫كحيل‬ –– ‫ال‬ ‫الدعاع‬
‫عاذر‬
............
fistulosus
...........................
‫ا‬..................... - ‫حدق‬
‫اﻷﻻء‬
– 69 ‫ال‬
‫البروق‬ –
Eremobium ‫هداك‬
....................... ‫ال‬ ..................
Cucumis
……....................49
aegyptiacum70
– ‫ كلﺦ‬- 69 67 – ‫تربﺔ‬ -
Farsetia –
‫الغريراء‬ ‫الذئب‬ burtonae .................... - ‫الذئب‬ – ‫مطي‬ 76 ‫نفوذ‬ – ‫ك‬ ‫ﻌل‬ 44
‫ال‬ ....
Pe
.........................
‫ا‬aria
hispidissima
‫عا‬ - ‫اﻷﻻء‬
– ‫سلماس‬ 68
–Artemisia 48 71
‫الفنون‬
.......................
‫ال‬ – ‫ﺔ‬ ‫سليك‬ –scoparia
‫ال‬
Ferula
‫كحيل‬ 70 ‫ال‬Dodonaea
...........................
sinaica viscosa
......................... Farsetia 71
‫ﺷثكلخ–ال‬
burtonae
- ‫محروثال‬
Ficus – ‫مطي‬
‫ال‬Ficus
Ferula
salicifolia
..........................
Eremobium
‫نفوذ‬ –
palmata
........................................
‫ك‬
sinaica – ‫ﻌل‬ ‫ال‬
– ‫الحماط‬
aegyptiacum
...........................
‫اﻷثب‬ – ‫كلﺦ‬
53 25
-
.....…….............. ‫ال‬
................
‫كلخ‬ –
- ‫حروث‬
Pho
‫تربﺔ‬
77
‫حد‬ ‫ال‬ –
..................
monosperma ‫هداك‬ ‫ال‬ ..................
–
69 ‫عاذر‬ - 67
‫اﻷﻻء‬ ....................... Cucumis
Eremobium 130 prophetarum
70
aegyptiacum Farsetia
‫كلﺦ‬Ficus – ‫الذئب‬
Dodonaea
– burtonae
‫تربﺔ‬ -‫مﺷط‬ ‫الغريراء‬ - ‫الذئب‬
viscosa ‫ﺷرى‬ –
.................... …..…..
‫ﺷث‬ 142 ‫ال‬ 76 44
..............
‫ن‬a................. 71 –68‫العويذران‬ – ‫البروق‬- ‫الفنون‬ ……....................49
..................................................
–‫ﺷث‬ -........................................
‫كلخال‬ - ‫محروث‬
...................................................
odelus
ia fistulosus
.....................
‫ال‬scoparia – Ferula
‫كحيل‬ ‫ال‬ sinaica– 69
............ ‫ال‬ palmata – ‫الحماطال‬ ..........................
–..........................
‫ﺷث‬ ‫ال‬ 25
............... 53
‫ع‬
veolens -hispidissima
‫ اﻷﻻء‬.......................
– –‫النقد‬ ‫سلماس‬ ‫ال‬
…….....……..………….. – ‫ﺔ‬ ‫سليك‬70 ‫ال‬Dodonaea ...........................
Farsetia
Ficuspalmata viscosa
50 burtonae 71
– ‫الحماط‬ –
Ferula‫الحثرة‬ Dodonaea
- ‫الجفري‬
sinaica Ficus – – viscosa ‫كلﺦ‬
‫مطي‬
salicifolia
................................................ - ‫ال‬
‫نفوذ‬ ‫كلخ‬ – -
‫ك‬ ‫محروث‬
‫عل‬
‫اﻷثب‬ ‫ال‬ ..... ‫ال‬77
.....…… ........
26‫ الﻌلك‬P.
s‫سلك‬ –.........................
‫ا‬fistulosus
‫ال‬deserti
‫ال‬ ‫هداك‬ ‫– ال‬..................
‫ربيان‬
...........................
– ‫ ال‬- ‫صفر‬
‫البروق‬ 696771 ‫اﻷ‬ - Eremobium
‫نوار‬
……....................49 Cucumis ‫ال‬.....................
Ferula prophetarum
aegyptiacum 68
sinaica – –Ferula
‫كلﺦ‬
Ficus ‫الذئب‬
‫تربﺔ‬ - ‫مﺷط‬
Farsetia
- ‫ال‬
palmata ‫الغريراء‬
‫كلخ‬ - - ‫محروث‬
‫الذئب‬
burtonae
– ‫ﺷرى‬
....................
‫الحماط‬ ‫ال‬ …..…..
– ‫مطي‬76
..........................
............................ 44 –
‫نفوذ‬ 53
‫اﻷﻻءن‬
deserti
ria
riscus .....................
‫……ال‬....................49
– ‫ربيان‬
graveolens ‫سليكﺔال – ال‬
– .......................
‫سلماس‬ -68
Asphodelus ‫صفر‬
– ‫ ال‬70 ‫اﻷ‬Ficus
‫النقد‬ - ‫نوار‬palmata
fistulosus
...........................
…….....……..…………..
Farsetia ‫ال‬..................... Dodonaea
burtonae 71
.............................................
– aegyptiacum
86
–
‫الحماط‬70 68viscosa
‫مطي‬ ‫نفوذ‬50 – – ‫ك‬
Ferula‫ﺷث‬
‫ﻌل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ال‬
sinaica ........................................
...........................
sinaica
................................................
Ficus – ‫كلﺦ‬ - ‫ال‬
...................................................................
salicifolia – 26 ‫كلخ‬
77
‫الصفصافي‬
94
- ‫محروث‬ 25
‫الثين‬ ‫ال‬
Pul..-
Pe
a‫هداك‬
‫ﺔ‬istulosus
‫سليك‬ ‫الال‬..................
.....................
monosperma – 67‫……عاذر‬....................49
69
...........................
– ‫البروق‬ -71 ‫اﻷﻻء‬ Eremobium .......................
Ferula sinaica – –
‫كلﺦ‬
Gomphocarpus ‫تربﺔ‬
- ‫ال‬ -
‫كلخ‬
Ficus ‫الغريراء‬
Farsetia - ‫محروث‬
palmata ....................
burtonae
sinaicus ‫ال‬ –
..........................
– ‫الحماط‬ – ‫حوب‬ 76
‫الحثرة‬ -77-
................... ‫لجفري‬
‫حريملﺔ‬ 53
‫اﻷ‬ - ‫نوار‬
...................
oparia
.................49
scus – ‫ال‬
graveolens .....................
‫سلماس‬ 70 ‫ال‬ – ‫ﺔ‬ ‫سليك‬
‫البهرمان‬ 68
‫ال‬ ...........................
- ‫النقد‬ Dodonaea
Farsetia
- ‫الحمار‬
Ficus ‫ربلﺔ‬ burtonae
palmata …….. viscosa
71 50
– – –
‫مطي‬
‫الحماط‬ ‫ﺷث‬
Ficus ‫ال‬ ........................................
Eremobium
‫نفوذ‬ – ‫ك‬ ‫ﻌل‬ ‫ال‬ aegyptiacum
...........................
................................................
salicifolia – ‫الصفصافي‬ –
‫الثين‬ -‫تربﺔ‬ 25
‫اﻷثب‬26 - ‫اء‬..
.......................
delus isia
‫سليك‬
ra –‫ال‬monosperma
...........................
fistulosus
‫السداة‬ - ‫قضقاض‬ 69– –‫البروقال‬
Asteriscus ‫عاذر‬
graveolens
………………...... 71 -Eremobium ‫اﻷﻻء‬
……....................49
. . .......................
Ferula aegyptiacum
sinaica
72
............................................
Ficus salicifolia
88
––70‫كلﺦ‬ Ficus
‫اﻷثب‬ -–‫ال‬
Ficus ‫تربﺔ‬
‫ كلخ‬--Gomphocarpus
Eremobium
palmata
palmata ‫الغريراء‬
‫محروث‬ – ‫الحماط‬ ‫ال‬....................
aegyptiacum ..............................
.......................... sinaicus
.................................................................
.....……...................…….....
40–76‫تربﺔ‬ 27–53 - ‫راء‬‫وب‬
‫اﻷﻻ‬ -
aveolens‫نوار‬
ispidissima ‫ال‬ .....................
.......................
……....................49
– – ‫الفنون‬
‫البهرمان‬ 70- – 68
‫النقد‬ ‫كحيل‬ - ‫ال‬
Farsetia
‫الحمار‬ .........................
Dodonaea ‫ربلﺔ‬ burtonae
……..
Ficus viscosa50
palmata–69 ‫مطي‬ –‫ﺷث‬
‫نفوذ‬ ‫ال‬
‫الحماط‬
Ficus –........................................
‫ك‬
Ferula‫ﻌل‬ ‫ال‬
salicifolia ...........................
sinaica
................................................
– ‫اﻷثب‬– ‫كلﺦ‬ - ‫ال‬
.....……............77
‫كلخ‬ 25 - ‫محروث‬ 26 P
.......................
spidissima
stulosus – –
‫البروق‬
...........................
‫س‬....……..…………..
‫ال‬
ia‫ال‬eriophora ‫العويذران‬
– ‫السداة‬69 71-
- ‫قضقاض‬ ‫الفنون‬
……....................49
Ferula – ‫كحيل‬ ‫ال‬
sinaica ––132
‫……………… ال‬...... ............
Eremobium ‫كلﺦ‬ 69
‫اﻷثب‬-71 aegyptiacum
‫كلخال‬ 72-Ficus ‫محروث‬ –
‫ال‬palmata
FicusGomphocarpus ‫تربﺔ‬ -
.......................... ‫الغريراء‬
– ‫الحماط‬sinaicus ....................
........................
5342 – ‫الصغير‬ 76Ph
‫البر‬ ‫نو‬
scoparia
aveolens .....................
...................... – ‫النقد‬
‫سلماس‬ 7068
Bassia
……....................49 –50
‫ال‬eriophora
…….....……..………….. ‫سليكﺔ‬ Ficus salicifolia
...........................
‫ال‬...........................................................
Farsetia burtonae
Ficus palmata
50 –.....……...................…….....
‫مطي‬ ‫– نفوذ‬salicifolia
– Haloxylon
‫الحماط‬ ‫ﻌلك‬ Ferula‫ ال‬...........................
sinaica
................................................ – – ‫الصفصافي‬27
‫كلﺦ‬ -77‫الثينكلخال‬ - Reta
‫روث‬
26
Ficus persicumsalicifolia – ‫الغضى‬ ......................... ‫ك‬27‫–ﻌل‬-‫ب ال‬
‫ب‬
...............................................................
-seriophora
.…………..‫الفنون‬
a...................
fistulosus – ‫كحيل‬ –50 ‫القطينال‬
–
71 ............
‫البروق‬ - ‫ﺔ‬ ‫الصوفان‬ 69 ……....................49
- ‫السداة‬ Ferula Eremobium
-
Ficus ‫قضقاض‬ sinaica ‫ال‬
salicifolia aegyptiacum
– ‫كلﺦ‬
…... 72– - ‫اﻷثب‬
‫كلخال‬
Gomphocarpus –- ‫محروث‬
Farsetia ‫ تربﺔ‬-burtonae
.....……...................…….....‫الغريراءال‬
..........................
sinaicus ....................
– ‫مطي‬ – ‫– نفوذ‬53
‫الصغير‬ 76
‫القر‬ .
.......................
sia
‫اﻹسليح –الب‬ scoparia –
……....................49 70
‫سلماس‬ ‫ال‬ – ‫ﺔ‬ ‫سليك‬ ‫ال‬
Farsetia ...........................
burtonae – 71
‫مطي‬ ‫نفوذ‬ –
Farsetia‫ك‬ ‫ﻌل‬ ‫ال‬ ...........................
burtonae
- –‫الحريملﺔ‬ ‫اﻷثب‬ – ‫الحثرة‬
.....…….............. - 77‫الجفري‬ – ‫ي‬
acus ‫كح‬ ‫ال‬graveolens
….....……..…………..
hora – ‫القطين‬
- ‫زملوك‬
.........................
monosperma
........................... - –– ‫البهرمان‬
Cakile
‫ﺔ‬ ‫الصوفان‬
……...
‫عاذر‬
71
arabica
- 69 50
‫السداة‬ ..-
-‫اﻷﻻء‬ … ‫……النقد‬.........
Ferula
- Eremobium
‫قضقاض‬
-‫الحمار‬ Ficus
Gomphocarpus
.......................
sinaica ‫ال‬
‫ربلﺔ‬
Ficus
palmata
…...
................................................................
……..
73
134
50
salicifolia
– ‫الحماط‬
–72‫كلﺦ‬70-sinaicus
aegyptiacum ‫كلخال‬
Ficus
– -
................................................
–
salicifolia
–‫حوبتربﺔ‬
‫محروث‬
‫اﻷثب‬
GomphocarpusFicus
Gomphocarpus
Haloxylon
- ‫ال‬‫الغريراء‬
..........................
palmata sinaicus
.....……...................……..... sinaicus
persicum
....................
– ...............
‫الحماط‬ – – ‫حوبك‬
–96‫الغضى‬
76
....................
....................................... 53
26........
54
- ‫حريملﺔ‬ 27P
.......................
monosperma
eolens
e – ‫النقد‬
……....................49
arabica
………………...... – –
‫اﻹسليح‬ 70 ‫عاذر‬
…….....……..…………..
- ‫زملوك‬- ‫اﻷﻻء‬
Ficus .......................
……...palmata Farsetia
… – 50 ‫الحماط‬
……......... 70
burtonae – ‫الحثرة‬ - ‫الجفري‬
................................................
73 Ficus
‫حوب‬- ‫محروث‬ salicifolia
- ‫الحريملﺔ‬ – –‫مطي‬ ‫اﻷثب‬ ‫نفوذ‬ ‫عل‬
.....…….........
26 ‫ال‬ ..... 77Pu
elus ........................
......................
…….....……..…………..
ora –fistulosus
‫السداة‬ - ‫قضقاض‬– 69
71 ‫البروق‬ 72 Gomphocarpus
‫ال‬ ………………...... 50 ……....................49
Ferula sinaica Ficus
sinaicus – ‫ كلﺦ‬-–‫–ال‬Hyparrhenia
salicifolia
72 ‫كلخ‬ ‫اﻷثب‬
Haloxylon
Ficus
Gomphocarpus ‫ال‬hirta palmata ...............
.....……...................……..... –
persicum
.......................... – ‫الحماط‬
sinaicus
‫اﻹسنوم‬
54– ‫الغضى‬
……..... 53–
..........
................
‫الصغير‬
Rum
27‫ر‬
......
‫ع‬graveolens- ‫اﻷﻻء‬
..................49
………......
arabicafistulosus .......................
– ‫النقد‬
Calendula
72 71-– ‫زملوك‬
– ‫اﻹسليح‬ …….....……..………….. 70
tripterocarpa
……... Ficus Farsetia… palmata
Gomphocarpus …….........
.................................... burtonae
136 50 – ‫الحماط‬
73 –
sinaicus‫مطي‬ ‫نفوذ‬
Ferula – ‫ك‬ ‫ﻌل‬
sinaica ‫ال‬
................................................
Haloxylon
Haloxylon persicum
– persicum ‫حوب‬ ...........................
- ‫الحريملﺔ‬ – –‫كلﺦ‬ ‫كلﺦ‬
‫الغضى‬ - ‫ال‬
...............
.................................................. ‫كلخ‬
56 -26 77
‫محروث‬
...................... 54 ‫ل ال‬
.......................
odelus
….....……..………….. ‫البروق‬ 50 Ferula ……....................49
sinaica – ‫كلﺦ‬ - ‫ال‬ ‫كلخ‬ - ‫محروث‬
Ferula ‫ال‬
sinaica .......................... – - ‫ال‬
– –‫اﻹسنومحوب‬ ‫كلخ‬ 53- ‫محروث‬
- ‫لحريملﺔ‬
‫قض‬
eriophora
erocarpa
a ‫اﻷﻻء‬
scoparia
……....................49
‫ال‬– ………………......
‫اﻹسليح‬ ––-‫القطين‬ ‫حنوة‬-‫ﺔالال‬.................................74
.......................
‫سلماس‬
‫زملوك‬ –‫الصوفان‬
‫ﺔ‬70‫سليك‬
……... 72 ‫ال‬-Ficus ‫السداة‬
… Farsetia
-Ficus
Haloxylon
...........................
palmata
…….........
‫قضقاض‬ salicifolia
burtonae
Gomphocarpus
‫ال‬persicum
–73
…... 7172
‫الحماط‬ –‫الصفصافي‬
– Gomphocarpus
‫الغضى‬
‫نفوذ‬Ficus
sinaicus
Haloxylon ‫ﻌلك‬
‫الثين‬
Hyparrhenia
–
- ‫اﻷثب‬ sinaicus
–..............................................
– ................................................
‫مطي‬ ‫ ال‬...........................
salicifolia
persicum ‫حوب‬ -
..............….....
– –‫الغضى‬
‫الحريملﺔ‬
hirta 77 34 ……
‫اﻷثب‬.......................
.....…….....
26
...............
27
54P
........................
ra
……... coparia
ndula‫ –النقد‬-‫السداة‬
‫الحمار‬ –
tripterocarpa
… …….........‫سلماس‬
-‫ربلﺔ‬
‫قضقاض‬ …….. ‫ال‬
71 – ‫ﺔ‬ ‫سليك‬
‫………………– ال‬......
50 ‫حنوة‬
73Haloxylon ‫ال‬
Ficus ........................... Ferula
‫ ال‬.................................74
salicifolia persicum 72 – –‫اﻷثب‬ 71
sinaica‫الغضى‬ – ‫كلﺦ‬ - ‫ال‬ ‫كلخ‬
.....……...................…….....
Gomphocarpus - ‫محروث‬
..............................................
Hyparrhenia ‫ال‬ ..........................
sinaicushirta –27
34 – ‫اﻹسنوم‬ ‫…… حوب‬ 53
-Salv‫ملﺔ‬
Re
a‫اﻷ‬ ‫قضق‬
‫سليك‬
s–.......................
…....................49
graveolens
‫ال‬
‫ال‬ ………………......
‫اﻹسليح‬ - ‫زملوك‬ – ‫النقد‬
...........................
70…….....……..…………..
……... 71 72 … Ficus …….........palmata Gomphocarpus 73– ‫الحماط‬50 ................................................
sinaicus
Hyphaene Ficus
–
Haloxylon thebaica ‫حوب‬ salicifolia -
persicum ‫الحريملﺔ‬
–– ‫الحماط‬ – – ‫الصفصافي‬
‫الغضى‬ 26
...............
‫ الدوم‬......................... ‫الثين‬
............. 54 -
..…………..
phora – ‫السداة‬73 - ‫قضقاض‬
50 ‫……………… ال‬......
NATIVE SPECIES
Ficus Ferula FORsinaica
salicifolia – ‫كلﺦ‬
72 – ‫اﻷثب‬Hyparrhenia
ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ‫ال‬ ‫كلخ‬
-Ficus - ‫محروث‬
palmataI 160 ‫ ال‬..........................
– .....……...................…….....
©AFALULA .....................
27 53
dula …….........
tripterocarpa
…....................49
scus graveolens –– ‫البهرمان‬ ‫حنوة‬ ‫ ال‬.................................74
-Ficus
‫ النقد‬-‫الحمار‬ Haloxylon
palmata ‫…… ربلﺔ‬.. –persicum
‫الحماط‬ ‫الغضى‬
Ficus..............................................
50................................................
palmata hirta–– ‫الحماط‬ ‫اﻹسنوم‬ 26 34...
…….....
......................
cus – ‫ حوب‬- ‫ الحريملﺔ‬............... 54 Rumex vesicarius – ‫ الحميضا‬- ‫ الحميض‬.....................
..……..... 27 – …‫كتاعﺔ‬ Retama
-Pulicaria ‫ﺷيﻌﺔ‬ raetam
‫ ﱠ‬...............
‫ال‬...………... – ‫الرتم‬ ..................................................... 37
oronopifolia
inaicus
............... – 26‫حوب‬ - ‫الحريملﺔ‬ incisa54– 57 ‫ خاع‬- ‫العرار‬Rumex vesicarius
....……..... – ‫ الحميضا‬-.60
................ ‫ الحميض‬...............
............……..... 27 ‫ ﱠ‬Pulicaria Retama raetam – ‫الرتم‬ ..................................................... 37
onopifolia
.....................
sinaicus ––… ‫حوب‬ ‫كتاعﺔ‬
26 - ‫الحريملﺔ‬ - ‫ﺷيﻌﺔ‬ ‫ال‬... ………...
............... 5457 – ‫ خاع‬Rumex
incisa - ‫ الﻌرار‬....…….....
vesicarius –................ ‫ الحميضا‬- ‫حميض‬ .60 ‫ ال‬..............
...........……..... – …‫كتاعﺔ‬27- ‫ﺷيعﺔ‬
‫ الغضى‬..............................................
nopifolia ‫ال ﱠ‬...………... Retama 34 raetam 57 –Salvadora ‫ الرتم‬.....................................................
persica – ‫ اﻷراك‬.............................. 37
.............. 54 Rumex - - ‫ ﱠﺷيﻌﺔ‬vesicarius – ‫حميضا‬ ‫ ال‬- ‫ الحميض‬................................ 61
ubescens
m SCIENTIFIC
–
.......….....
ifolia ‫الغضى‬
– …
-27‫ ذفيرة‬- ‫عتان‬
..............................................
‫كتاعﺔ‬ - ‫يعﺔ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ NAMES
Retama
‫ال ﱠ‬...………... 57
‫ ال‬...............
raetam 34
– 58 .....................................................
‫الرتم‬ Salvadora persica – ‫اﻷراك‬37 ........................
‫ الحريم‬............... ‫ذفيرة‬27- 54 ‫ال ﱠ‬Rumex vesicarius – ‫ الحميضا‬- ‫ الحميض‬................................ 61
m – ‫الغضى‬- ..............................................
bescens
........……..... ‫عتان‬- - ‫يﻌﺔ‬Retama ‫ﺷ‬ ...............
raetam 3458 Salvadora persica – ‫ اﻷراك‬.......................
– ‫ الرتم‬..................................................... 37
‫الحريم‬‫اﻹسنوم‬...............
scens …….....
- ‫فيرة‬ 54 - - ‫ﺷيعﺔ‬
‫ ذ‬- ........................
‫عتان‬ Rumex
‫ ال ﱠ‬............... 55vesicarius
58 Searsia – ‫حميضا‬ ‫ ال‬- ‫حميض‬
tripartita – ‫الﻌرالن‬ ................................
..................................... 61
.................
pifolia –… 34 ‫كتاعﺔ‬ - ‫يﻌﺔ‬........................ ‫ﺷ‬ Salvadora
‫ال ﱠ‬...………... persica 57 – ‫اﻷراك‬ ....................................... 28
-ins ––‫الحريملﺔ‬
‫الﻌوسج‬
- ‫اﻹسنوم‬
‫فيرة‬ ‫ذ‬......…….........…….....
Hyparrhenia - …….....
54 ‫عتان‬ -
hirta - ‫يعﺔ‬ ‫ ﱠ‬Rumex
‫ﺷ‬ ‫ال‬ ...............
..............
vesicarius 98 58
35 ‫ ال‬Searsia
55– ‫حميضا‬ Rumex - ‫حميض‬vesicarius ‫ال‬tripartita – ‫ الﻌرن‬................................
................................
...................................................... 110
61
.............................
–… ‫كتاعﺔ‬ 34 - ‫يﻌﺔ‬ Salvadora
.......................................................
‫ﺷ‬‫ال ﱠ‬...………... persica
5735 – ‫حميضا‬ – ‫اﻷراك‬ ....................................... 28
anopifolia
–‫الﻌوسج–الح‬
pifolia ‫اﻹسنوم‬....…….........…….....
............... …….....
– …‫ كتاعﺔ‬-34‫ﺷيﻌﺔ‬ 54 ........................
‫ال ﱠ‬...………... 57 Rumex ..............
vesicarius55 Searsia
‫ال‬ - ‫حميض‬ tripartita‫ال‬ – ‫ن‬ ‫الﻌر‬
................................ ..............................
61
............................
‫الدوم‬
nopifolia
‫العوسج‬Hyphaene...............................................
– … ‫كتاعﺔ‬
....…….........……..... - ‫يﻌﺔ‬
Stipagrostis ‫ال ﱠ‬...………...
‫ﺷ‬
thebaica .................................................
Salvadora 17
ciliata
.............. 22
persica
57
– ‫النصي‬
35 Senna – - ‫السبط‬
Salvadora
‫اﻷراك‬
italica .......................................
- ‫الصليان‬
persica
–......................................................
‫الﻌﺷرق‬............... ....……..... 44
28
64 ...................
...............
cens ifolia - ‫فيرة‬
-‫الدوم‬‫السرح‬ ‫ذ‬55.................................................
- ‫عتان‬- - ‫يﻌﺔ‬ Searsia ‫ﺷ‬‫ ال ﱠ‬............... tripartita 58 – ‫الﻌرن‬ 29 .............................................. .38
ca
onopifolia
‫الع‬ –
.................. ...............................................
34
–
....…….........……..... … ‫كتاعﺔ‬ - ‫يﻌﺔ‬
Salvadora
Stipagrostis ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺷ‬ ‫ال‬ ... ………...
.............. persica 17
ciliata
35 57 – ‫ﻷراك‬
– – ‫النصي‬ Senna
‫ا‬ ‫ﺷجرة‬ italica –
...............................
-..............................................
‫ السبط‬- ‫ الصليان‬............... 64 ‫الﻌﺷرق‬ ....…….....
28 ..............
escens
olia........................
- Kickxia
‫السرح‬- ‫فيرة‬ ‫ ذ‬34 55
- ‫عتان‬- - ‫يﻌﺔ‬
.................................................
pseudoscoparia ‫ﺷ‬ Searsia
‫ ال ﱠ‬............... 100
tripartita
58 ‫ن‬
29 –Searsia ‫الﻌر‬ tripartita .......................................................... 64
.38
cens –
coronopifolia ‫الدوم‬
........................
ca ...............................................
– …-‫كتاعﺔ‬
- ‫ الذفيرة‬................................
- ‫عتان‬ - ‫يﻌﺔ‬Stipagrostis Salvadora
‫ ﱠ‬-‫ ال‬...............
‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫الﺷيﻌﺔ‬...………...
..................................
17
persica
58 – –57
ciliata ‫النصي‬ ‫اﻷراك‬
Senna - ‫ السبط‬- ‫الصليان‬ –
.......................................
italica ‫الﻌﺷرق‬
............... ....…….....
64 .3828 ............
........................
escensria – ‫صفيرا‬ 55
ia - ‫السرح‬- .................................................
‫ ذفيرة‬- ‫عتان‬Tamarix - - ‫ الﺷيﻌﺔ‬............... ‫ﱠ‬ Searsia
nilotica – 29 56 tripartita
58 ‫ن‬ ‫الﻌر‬
Solenostemma..............................................
‫ الطرفﺔ‬....…….......……................ 31 argel – ‫الحرجل‬ ............................
‫الﻌوس‬..................
folia
ciliate – – …
Lavandula‫حلم‬ 17
‫كتاعﺔ‬
....…….........…….....
‫ال‬ - -
‫حماط‬ ‫يﻌﺔ‬
coronopifolia ‫ال‬‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺷ‬ ‫ال‬ ...
Senna ………...
............................... italica
..............
Stipagrostis 57–
102 56 35 ‫الﻌﺷرق‬
ciliata
78 ....…….....
–
Senna ‫النصي‬ ............................
italica-.....................................................................
‫السبط‬ - ‫الصليان‬ ...............112
62 64
oparia
...............
escens
‫السرح‬ – ‫صفيرا‬
55 ‫ ذ‬- ‫عتان‬-Searsia
- ‫فيرة‬ ‫ال‬ ................................
................................................. - ‫ ال ﱠﺷيﻌﺔ‬...............
Tamarix tripartita
.................................
nilotica 29 ––‫العرن‬ Solenostemma
..............................................
58‫الطرفﺔ‬ ....…….......……................ argel – ‫الحرجل‬ 38......................
.31
a..............................
liate – …–‫كتاعﺔ‬
‫الﻌوسج‬ -- ‫يﻌﺔ‬
....…….........…….....
‫حلم‬ ‫صفيراال‬ ‫حماط‬ ‫الال ﱠ‬17
‫ﺷ‬ ..................................
………... Stipagrostis Senna57 italica
.............. 3578
ciliata – –‫الﻌﺷرق‬ ‫النصي‬ ....…….....
- ‫ السبط‬- ‫الصليان‬ ............................
............... 64 62
....................
coparia – - ‫ال‬
55
‫فيرة‬ ................................
‫ذ‬ - ‫عتان‬ - Searsia
- ‫يﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺷ‬ ‫ال‬ tripartita56
...............– ‫ن‬
35– –‫الطرفﺔ‬ ‫الﻌر‬
58 ..............................................
Solenostemma
....…….......……................ argel – ‫الحرجل‬ .....................
.38
........................................... 114 31
‫الﻌوس‬pubescens ....…….........…….....
Lavandula pubescens Tamarix ..............
nilotica
104italica Solenostemma
ate .............................
‫الﻌوسج‬ – ‫حلم‬ ....…….........……..... 17 Tephrosia
‫ ال‬- ‫ الحماط‬............................... Stipagrostis Senna..............
........................................
apollinea ciliata
78 ‫الﻌﺷرق‬
‫النصي‬
35–– ‫الحويرة‬ - - ....…….....
‫الظبيﺔ‬ -argel
‫السبط‬..........…...........
‫الصليان‬ ............................
............... 6564 62
ns
- ‫السرح‬
grina - –‫فيرة‬
............... ‫البانذ‬ - ‫عتان‬
56 - - ‫ﱠﺷيﻌﺔ‬Solenostemma
.................................................
............................................... ‫ ال‬............... Tamarix nilotica 5829argel30 –– ‫الحرجل‬ ................................... . 63 31
‫ الطرفﺔ‬....…….......……................
–...................
‫الﻌوسج‬
‫ الحلم‬Lycium
- ‫حماط‬shawii 17
....…….........…….....
‫ ال‬............................... Senna
Tephrosia italica
Stipagrostis .............. –
apollinea
58 78 ‫العﺷرق‬
35
ciliata ....…….....
– ‫النصي‬ ............................
-ciliata
‫السبط‬
‫– الظبيﺔ‬..........……..................
– argel
Stipagrostis
- ‫ الصليان‬............... 62 64
................................................... 116 65
ia.........................
-ina ‫فيرة‬ ‫ ذ‬-‫البان‬
- –‫السرح‬ ‫عتان‬ 56 ‫ﱠ‬
- - ‫ الﺷيﻌﺔ‬...............
.................................................
...................................................................
............................................... Tamarix Solenostemma
58nilotica 2930–‫الﻌﺷرق‬ ‫الحرجل‬
‫الطرفﺔ‬....……..... ...................................
....…….......……................ 31 . 63
.........................
-wii‫السرح‬– ‫الﻌوسج‬ 17
....…….........…….....
................................................. Stipagrostis
Tephrosia Senna italica
ciliata – –
..............
29
apollinea –35 ‫النصي‬ - ‫السبط‬ - ‫الصليان‬ ............................
..........……..................
‫الحرجل –الظبيﺔ‬ ............... 64 62
65 . 63
.........................
ia
na – ‫اليسر‬ - ‫السرح‬ ‫ ـ‬crassifolia 56
.................................................
Tribulus
‫ البان‬..................................... Tamarix Solenostemma
nilotica
terrestris –29
30 ‫ﺔ‬
‫القطب‬ argel
‫الطرف‬ - ‫الﺷرﺷير‬ – ...................................
....…….......……................
‫الدريسﺔ‬ .................. 79 31
baccatus ‫حلم‬Maerua
e‫–الﻌ‬....…….........…….....
‫ ال‬- –‫حماط‬ ‫القرضي‬
...................................................... 46
‫ ال‬...............................
.......…....………….... ..............
Tephrosia 3578
apollinea
36
Tamarix nilotica ............................................................. 50
– ‫ الحويرة‬- ‫ الظبيﺔ‬..........…........... 65
olia ...............
- ‫السرح‬
‫اليسر‬ ‫البان ـ‬ 56.....................................
................................................. Solenostemma
Tribulus Tamarix terrestris 30 argel
nilotica 29 – ‫الحرجل‬
– –‫الﺷرﺷير‬ ...................................
‫ الدريسﺔ‬............................ 63
‫ –الطرفﺔ‬....…….......……................ 79 31
ate..…….........…….....
ccatus – ‫القرضيال–حلم‬ - ‫حماط‬ ‫ال‬.......…....………….... ..............
............................... Tephrosia 35 144apollinea78 – ‫الحويرة‬
36 Tephrosia - ...................................
..........…...........
‫ الظبيﺔ‬................................................ 118 31.65
.....................
essifolia – ‫حلم‬Moltkiopsis
‫ ال‬-- ‫حماط‬ 56
ciliata
............................... Tamarix
‫الالسرح‬.................................................Tribulus Solenostemma
..................................................
nilotica
terrestris 78– –argel 29 –....…….......……................
‫الطرفﺔ‬
‫الﺷرﺷير‬ ‫الحرجل‬ apollinea
– ‫الدريسﺔ‬ ........................... 79 63
ate
catus – ‫حلم‬– ‫القرضي‬‫ ال‬- ‫حماط‬.......…....…………....
‫ ال‬............................... Tephrosia
Trigonella stellata –36 apollinea 78 – ‫الحويرة‬ - ‫الظبيﺔ‬ ..........…...........
‫ النفل‬- ‫ الجرجس‬- ‫ الﺷطن‬- ‫ الخادم‬............ 80 65
– ‫السرح‬
ivisum .................................................
‫البان‬ ...............................................
– ‫الثيمومال‬ - ‫الصبغاء‬ .......…………..... Tribulus 29 30
terrestris 59 –Tribulus
‫ القطب‬terrestris – ‫ الدريسﺔ‬..................
-‫الﺷرﺷير‬.................................................... 79
iate
s – ‫القرضي‬ –Moringa
‫حلم‬ - peregrina
‫حماط‬ ‫ ال‬...............................
.......…....………….... Trigonella Tephrosia
.................................................... 48
–78
36apollinea
stellata . ‫الجرجس‬ – ‫الظبيﺔ‬
- ‫الﺷطن‬ ..........……..................
- ‫ الخادم‬.................. 146
80 65
na ‫ال‬isum
.................................................
– –‫الثيمومالبان‬ ...............................................
- ‫الصبغاء‬.......…………..... Tribulus 29 terrestris 3059 – ‫ القطب‬-‫ الدريسﺔ – الﺷرﺷير‬.................. 79
s ciliate
– ‫البان‬Ochradenus – ‫حلم‬ ‫ال‬ - ‫حماط‬
...............................................
baccatus Tribulus
‫ال‬ Tephrosia
...............................
Trigonella apollinea
stellata
........................................... 60
30 – . –‫الجرجس‬ ‫ الظبيﺔ‬- ..........……..................
78Trigonella ‫الﺷطن‬
stellata
- .....................................................
‫ الخادم‬.................. 148 79
6580
na – ‫البان‬ ...............................................
um – ‫ الثيموم‬- ‫الصبغاء‬.......…………..... Withania somnifera59 terrestris 30 – ‫القطب‬ - ‫الﺷرﺷير‬
– ‫… العبب‬....………....………….. 39 – ‫الدريسﺔ‬ ..................
–tus ‫القرضي ال–حلم‬
mentose - ‫حماط‬ – ‫الغلقﺔال‬
...............................
.......…....………….... ....……………......... Trigonella78 36
stellata45– ‫ النفل‬- ‫ الجرجس‬- ‫ الﺷطن‬- ‫ الخادم‬............ 80
ina – ‫البان‬
– ‫الثيموم‬ - ‫الصبغاء‬...............................................
.......…………..... Withania Tribulus somnifera terrestris
59 30– –‫الﻌبب‬ ‫الﺷرﺷير‬ – ‫ الدريسﺔ‬...........................
…....………....…… …….. 39 79
‫ح‬ ‫ال‬ - ‫حماط‬
catus – ‫القرضي‬
mentose ‫ال‬
Pennisetum...............................
divisum ............................................
– ‫ الغلقﺔ‬.......…....…………....
....……………......... Trigonella stellata 78 106 Withania somnifera ................................................ 66
3645– ‫ النفل‬- ‫ الجرجس‬- ‫ الﺷطن‬- ‫ الخادم‬............ 80
regrina
tus – ‫القرضي‬ – ‫البان‬ Tribulus
Withaniaterrestris
...............................................
.......…....………….... somnifera 36 ––‫الﺷرﺷير‬ 30‫– الﻌبب‬ ‫ الدريسﺔ‬...........................
…....………....…… …….. 39 79
catus
ntosePergularia––‫القرضي‬ ‫ام اللبن‬tomentosa.......…....…………....
‫الغلقﺔ ـ‬Ziziphus Trigonella
.…....…......... nummularia stellata36 ––‫النفل‬
45 - ‫جرجس‬
‫البري‬ ‫ال السدر‬....……..................
- ‫ الﺷطن‬- ‫ الخادم‬............ 40 80
m
ylifera ‫البان‬
– ...............................................
‫الثيموم‬
–– ‫النخيل‬ - ‫الصبغاء‬ .......…………..... ............................................ 78
............................................... Withania 30 59
somnifera Ziziphus nummularia .............................................. 68
– ‫العبب‬ …....………....……
18– . ‫ الجرجس‬- ‫ الﺷطن‬- ‫الخادم‬ …….. 39
ccatus ‫القرضي‬
se – ‫ الغلقﺔ ـ ام اللبن‬.…....…......... .......…....………….... Ziziphus nummularia Trigonella 36
stellata
45 – ‫ السدر البري‬....…….................. .................. 40 80
sum ‫ال‬ ...............................................
fera ––Phoenix ‫الثيموم‬ - ‫الصبغاء‬.......………….....
‫ النخيل‬dactylifera
............................................... Withania 30 5918 Ziziphus spina-christi ............................................. 34 39
somnifera – ‫العبب‬ …....………....…… ……..
s baccatus –
m – ‫ الثيموم‬- ‫الصبغاء‬.......…………..... ‫القرضي‬ Trigonella
.......…....…………....
Ziziphus nummularia
.................................................. stellata
24
59 – . ‫الجرجس‬
–36‫ البري‬-‫السدر‬ ‫الﺷطن‬ - ‫ الخادم‬..................40
....…….................. 80
um – ‫الثيموم‬ - ‫الصبغاء‬
ra – ‫ نخيل الثمر‬......................................... Withania
.......………….....
Ziziphus spina-christi18– ‫…………………… السدر البلدي‬23 somnifera 59 – ‫العبب‬ …....………....…… …….. 39
s
ose
isa – ‫القرضي‬
–– ‫الغلقﺔ‬
‫خاع‬ -.......…....…………....
....…………….........
‫الﻌرار‬ ....……..... Ziziphus 36 45 .60 – ‫ السدر البري‬....…….................. 40
nummularia
................
–isum ‫نخيل–الثمر‬ ‫الثيموم‬
Pulicaria - ‫الصبغاء‬.......………….....
incisa
.........................................
. .
Ziziphus Withania
........................................................... 108
spina-christi 18 59 – – ‫السدر‬
somnifera …....………....………….. 39
‫………………………… الﻌبب‬23
‫القرضي‬
ntose
a – ‫خاع‬ –.......…....…………....
‫الغلقﺔ‬
- ‫الﻌرار‬....…………….........
....……..... Ziziphus 36 nummularia
................ .60 – ‫ السدر البري‬....…….................. 40
45
mose divisum –Retama – ‫الثيموم‬
‫الغلقﺔ‬ - ‫الصبغاء‬
....……………......... Withania
Ziziphus .......…………..... somnifera
spina-christi 45 – –59‫السدرالﻌبب‬ …....………....……
…………………………23 …….. 39
– ‫–خاع‬- ‫العرار‬
ntose ‫ الغلقﺔ‬....…….....
raetam ....…………….........
. . Ziziphus nummularia
................
............................................................. 62 45 – ‫ السدر البري‬....…….................. 40
.60
– – ‫الثيموم‬
‫النخيل‬
– ‫الرتم‬ - ‫الصبغاء‬ .......………….....
............................................... Ziziphus spina-christi 59 18 – ‫…………………… السدر البلدي‬23
mentose
‫ خاع‬- ‫العرار‬ – .....................................................
‫الغلقﺔ‬
....……..... ....……………......... ................ Ziziphus.60 nummularia4537 – ‫ السدر البري‬....…….................. 40
‫الثيمو‬
era – –‫الرتم‬- ‫النخيل‬
‫الصبغاء‬ .......………….....
...............................................
..................................................... Ziziphus 59 spina-christi 1837 – ‫…………………… السدر البلدي‬23
tomentose – ‫ الغلقﺔ‬....…………….........
– ‫ النخيل‬............................................... Ziziphus nummularia 18 –45‫ السدر البري‬....…….................. 40
Ziziphus spina-christi FO R ALUL–A LANDSCAPING
‫السدر البلدي‬- ©AFALULA ……………………23
era
– ‫الرتم‬ – ‫النخيل‬ ...............................................37
..................................................... NATIVE SPECIES
18 I 161
se – ‫ الغلقﺔ‬....……………......... 45
REFERENCES
BOTANY
— Ghazanfar and Fisher, 1998. Vegetation of Arabian Peninsula. Geobotany n°25, 374 p.
— Küschner and Neef, 2011. A first synthesis of the flora and vegetation of Tayma oasis
and surroundings (Saudi Arabia), Plant Diversity and Evolution, volume 129/1, pages 27-58.
— Mandaville, 1992. Flora of Eastern Saudi Arabia. 158 p.
— Migahid and Hammouda, 1978. Flora of Saudi Arabia. Second edition revisited et illustrated.
Volume n°1 - Dictolyledons 607 p. Volume n°2 – Monocotyledons, 195 p.
TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES

— Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
https://www.gbif.org/
— Integrated Taxonomic Information System .

https://www.itis.gov/
— Plants of the World online.

http://powo.science.kew.org/
LANDSCAPING
— Alam et al., 2017. Landsacaping with native plants in the UAE: A review, Emirates Journal of
Food and Agriculture n°29: pages 729-741.
— High Commission for the Development of Arriyadh, 2014. Manual of Arriyadh Plants. page 476
— Hopkins and AL-Yahyai, 2015. Landscaping with Native Plants in Oman, Acta Horticulturae,
volume 1097, pages 181-193.
— Ricks, 1992. Native and introduced species for naturalistic landscape in Saudi Arabia,
Journal of King Saud University Engineering Science, volume 4, pages 21-46.

NATIVE SPECIES FOR ALULA LANDSCAPING VALORHIZ
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What is the purpose of the book?

What is the purpose of the book?

What criteria were used to select the native plant species?

What criteria were used to select the native plant species?

N AT I V E S P E C I E S

- they can be cultivated using existing protocols,

We focused on plants keeping their foliage most of the year.

NATIVE SPECIES FOR ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 2

All rights reserved for the French Agency

NATIVE SPECIES FOR ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 3

George Sand à Nohant – Une maison d’artiste

Georges Sand at Nohant – An artist house

NATIVE SPECIES FOR ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 5

Landscaping scenarios using

NATIVE SPECIES FOR ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 7

In April 2018, Saudi Arabia and France signed an intergovernmental agreement

NATIVE I FO R ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 8

A native plant is an indigenous plant species of a given region. This includes

Traditional landscaping attempts to create a landscape that “looks” the same

NATIVE SPECIES FOR ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 9

NATIVE SPECIES FO R ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 11

Main areas of the field

NATIVE SPECIES FOR ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 12

Seven classes of landscape functions were defined

High trunk trees (palms): This corresponds to tall palm

Shade trees: These species are able to form large trees

Moderate size trees: These correspond to trees or large

Shrubs and bushes: This class includes shrubs and

Climbing or hanging plants: These correspond to

Low stratum & Tussocks: Low stratum corresponds

Ground covers: These plants include perennial or annual

NATIVE SPECIES FOR ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 13

Introduction text including:

NATIVE SPECIES FO R ALUL A LANDSCAPING - ©AFALULA I 14

Soil acidity Flowering color

Fruit edible or not

LANDSCAPING Possible use 1

Nursery crop Possible use 2

Process of nursery crop

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GROWING CONDITIONS AESTHETIC VALUE VARIOUS

Shady - Blazing sun Medicinal properties

Wind resistance Type Landscaping type of plant Symbiotic relation

Soil fertility Shape Global shape Used for handicraft

Soil acidity Aromatic plant or flower

Soil texture Used for human food

Water needs Nursery uses

Resistance to salinity Dangerous or toxic

Provides fodder for livestock

Depth of plantation pit

Information about roots

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MODERATE GROUND COVERS

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EGYPTIAN DOUM PALM

Kickxia pseudoscoparia – ‫ الصفيرا‬.

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Nursery crop Tree alignment

Nursery crop Tree alignment

Organic matter and biological The wood of the trunk

shape O val tree shape, only one

Neutral to alkaline Flowering

LANDSCAPING High isolated tree

windy shape Umbrella-shaped

windy shape Flat-topped, inverted triangle

Maintenance The plant has a symbiotic

windy shape Bushy shrub into the wild, or little

Harvesting seeds in Hedge

A pruning is possible, to give a high

windy shape Tall shrub

windy shape Spreading and irregular

Very dense foliage

Vegetative reproduction is the Wind break

Transplant in pots of appropriate

windy shape O void shape, very branched from

Harvesting seeds in wild Tree alignment

A pruning is possible to give a high he fruits are edible and have a

windy shape Rounded small tree, with bole