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    Edexcel Biology IGCSE: 2.17: Diffusion and Osmosis

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    This document provides the practical notes for experiments investigating diffusion and osmosis using living and non-living systems. For the living system experiment, potato cylinders are placed in solutions of varying sugar concentration and their mass changes are measured over time. For the non-living system, a visking tube filled with sucrose solution is used to demonstrate osmosis, and potassium permanganate crystals in water are used to demonstrate diffusion. Safety precautions are outlined for handling equipment and chemicals.

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    Edexcel Biology IGCSE: 2.17: Diffusion and Osmosis

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    This document provides the practical notes for experiments investigating diffusion and osmosis using living and non-living systems. For the living system experiment, potato cylinders are placed in solutions of varying sugar concentration and their mass changes are measured over time. For the non-living system, a visking tube filled with sucrose solution is used to demonstrate osmosis, and potassium permanganate crystals in water are used to demonstrate diffusion. Safety precautions are outlined for handling equipment and chemicals.

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    04.-Diffusion-and-Osmosis

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    This document provides the practical notes for experiments investigating diffusion and osmosis using living and non-living systems. For the living system experiment, potato cylinders are placed in solutions of varying sugar concentration and their mass changes are measured over time. For the non-living system, a visking tube filled with sucrose solution is used to demonstrate osmosis, and potassium permanganate crystals in water are used to demonstrate diffusion. Safety precautions are outlined for handling equipment and chemicals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views4 pages

    Edexcel Biology IGCSE: 2.17: Diffusion and Osmosis

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    Татьяна
    This document provides the practical notes for experiments investigating diffusion and osmosis using living and non-living systems. For the living system experiment, potato cylinders are placed in solutions of varying sugar concentration and their mass changes are measured over time. For the non-living system, a visking tube filled with sucrose solution is used to demonstrate osmosis, and potassium permanganate crystals in water are used to demonstrate diffusion. Safety precautions are outlined for handling equipment and chemicals.

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    Edexcel Biology IGCSE

    2.17: Diffusion and Osmosis


    Practical notes

    www.pmt.education
    Diffusion and Osmosis

    Aim
    Investigate diffusion and osmosis using living and non-living systems.

    Equipment for living system


    ● Plant tissue eg. potato
    ● A cork borer
    ● A ruler
    ● A measuring cylinder
    ● Labels
    ● Boiling tubes
    ● A test tube rack
    ● Paper towels
    ● A sharp knife
    ● A while tile
    ● A range of salt or sugar solutions
    ● Distilled water
    ● A top-pan balance

    Method for osmosis in a living system


    1. Use a cork borer to cut 5 potato cylinders.
    2. Trim the cylinders using a sharp knife and a ruler to the same length (about 3 cm).
    3. Accurately measure and record the mass of each cylinder.
    4. Measure 10 cm​3​ of the 1.0M sugar solution and transfer to the first boiling tube and label.
    5. Repeat step 4 for other concentrations of the solution and distilled water.
    6. Add one potato cylinder (of known mass) to each boiling tube.
    7. Prepare a table as seen below.
    8. Add one potato cylinder to each boiling tube, making sure the mass of each cylinder is
    known.
    9. Leave the cylinders in the boiling tubes for at least 15 minutes in a test tube rack.
    10. Remove the cylinders from the boiling tubes and dry them carefully by blotting with paper
    towels.
    11. Measure the mass of each cylinder and record your measurements in the table. Calculate
    the percentage changes for each cylinder.
    12. Plot a graph of change in mass (in g) against the concentration of sugar solution. Find the
    x-intercept to determine the concentration of sugar solution that is isotonic to the potato
    cells.

    www.pmt.education
    Sources of error
    Discs from different parts of the potato may have different water potentials.
    The differences in the surface area of the discs may lead to different rates of osmosis.

    1.0 M sugar 0.75 sugar 0.5 M sugar 0.25 M sugar Distilled


    solution solution solution solution water

    Initial mass (g)

    Final mass in
    (g)

    Change in
    mass in (g)

    Safety precautions
    Take care when handling cork borer and sharp knife.

    Equipment for non-living system


    ● Beaker
    ● Visking tubing
    ● Capillary tube
    ● Sucrose solution
    ● Water
    ● Marker
    ● String

    Method for osmosis in a non-living system


    1. Tie one end of a visking tube with a piece of string.
    2. Pour some solution into the visking tube.
    3. Insert a capillary tube into one end of the visking tubing. Close the other end of the visking
    tubing by tying with another piece of string.
    4. Use a marker to mark the initial water level in the visking tubing.
    5. Use a stand and clamp or other means to fix the position of the capillary tube, and immerse
    the visking tubing in a beaker of distilled water.
    6. Leave for 15 minutes.
    7. Note the difference in water level in the capillary.

    www.pmt.education
    Equipment for diffusion in a non-living system
    ● Water
    ● Beaker
    ● Potassium permanganate crystals

    Method
    1. Place a few potassium permanganate crystals in a beaker of water.
    2. Note the colour of the water after a period of time eg. 15 minutes.
    3. Note the colour of the water after a longer period of time eg. 1 hour.

    Evaluation
    Potassium permanganate molecules diffuse from a region of high concentration (crystal) to a
    region of low concentration (surrounding water).
    After a short period of time, the molecules are still diffusing throughout the surrounding water and
    is not equally distributed so the colour is not uniform.
    The molecules will diffuse throughout the water until it reaches equilibrium, hence, over time, the
    colour of the water will be a uniform pale purple.

    Potential hazards

    Potassium permanganate is:


    ● a powerful oxidising agent
    ● harmful if swallowed
    ● very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.
    ● Stains the hands and clothing

    www.pmt.education

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