CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

Bending is the uniform straining of material, usually flat sheet or strip metal,
around a straight axis which lies in the neutral plane and normal to the lengthwise
direction of the sheet or strip. Metal flow takes place within the plastic range of the
metal, so that the bend retains a permanent set after removal of the applied stress. The
inner surface of a bend is in compression, the outer surface is in tension. A pure
bending action does not reproduce the exact shape of the punch and die in the metal,
such a reproduction is one of forming.

A portable bending machine is a forming machine tool. Its purpose is to assemble a

bend on a work piece. It is a simple machine that use for constructor, car workshop
and personal use. It is used to fabricate or bend a metal in different shape such as
circle, square, triangle and diamond. The portable bending machine was combined by
two types of metal bender that can moved by wheel.

In conclusion, this machine will help people or employees who need a cheaper iron
bending and can be taken everywhere.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

A problem statement is a concise description of an issue to be addressed or a

condition to be improved upon. It identifies the gap between the current problem state
and desired goal state of process or product. There’s a few problem statement for this
product before.
Firstly, the machine is heavy and hard to move. If we want to move the machine,

1
our body will feeling ill because of the objection. Next, the machine can only bend
one variation. It causes the less-suited industry to buy the product produced because it
can only produce a limited shape of product.
Lastly, the machine using a electricity consumption and need to be maintenance
due to electrical consumption. This causes a high cost consumption of electric bills
and requires expertise in the field of machine maintenance.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT

The objective of this project are:

i. To design a portable bending machine by using CATIA software

ii. To fabricate a portable bending machine
iii. To analyse / test the bend allowance, bend deduction and time taken to bend using
Portable Bending Machine

1.4 SCOPES OF PROJECT

The scope of this project are:

i. Bend ductile materials (steel, iron, and aluminium).

ii. The material of the portable bending machine main body is steel.

iii. Bend material in various shape (circle, triangle, square and diamond)

iv. Limit to form material is 1.5 meter length and 10 mm diameter thick.

1.5 FLOWCHART OF PROJECT

START
 INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE REVIEW

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

SELECTION OF DESIGN

DETAIL DESIGN

YES ANALYSIS NO

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER
END 2

3
 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of
current knowledge and methodological approaches on a particular topic. Literature
review is a secondary source, and such as, do not report any new or original
experimental work.

Most often associated with academic-oriented literature, such as thesis, a literature

review usually precedes a research proposal and result section. Its ultimate goal to
bring the reader up to date with current literature on a topic and forms the basis for
another goal, such as future research that may be needed in the area. A well structure
literature review is characterize by a logical flow of ideas current and relevant
reference with consistent, appropriate referencing style, proper use terminology and an
unbiased and comprehensive view of the previous research on the topic.

In this chapter, we want to produce a few factor that be taken consideration until
the project is implemented. To get the quality project result, we need to study about
the material, component and design for the project.

Installation method and maintenance, level of product safety, structure strength and
project state some example. This is all ensure that no any problem would arise during
the completion or even when presenting the project.

Hence, systematic and detailed planning must be arranged for produce a complete
and perfect project, we do was understanding the component function and how should
the component wok correctly. After we understand the component we finally carry out
tasks by constructing our project.

2 .2 MAIN ISSUES

4
 This new era, workers such as constructor often facing with problem related to the
formation of steel. Therefore, workers or consumer are forced to spend a lot of money
to acquire a metal bender machine. Beside that they will also facing rising electricity
consumption. At the same time, the machines they earn are also difficult to move or
lift one place to another place. This is because, the machine production uses many
parts that can effect the weight of the machine.

Therefore, this Portable Bending Machine created are for workers. This Portable
Bending Machine produced reduces the cost of buying machine and easy to produce
if it does not mind. Next, the Portable Bending Machine is also created without using
electricity that can reduce the cost of electricity. Other than that, the machine
produced or created by large companies may be difficult to move or lift because of the
parts inside it. Therefore, the Portable Bending Machine is created with a medium
weight and it was supported by wheels that it can be moved.

2.3 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED THAT ISSUES

One of the factors that influence in the is issue employers / construction workers
feel they do not need such machines because they think they just lose their money.
Because the machines that use electricity. It will also occur the maintenance process
of the machine.

In addition, the use of energy is one important aspect in the field of employment. In
this case, to transfer the machine is a hard things to do by the workers. Therefore,
workers need to use a vehicle such as a forklift to lift the machine in order to make it
easier for workers in the transfer process.

2.4 PREVIOUS METHOD TO SOLVE THE ISSUES

5
 Before the creation of metal bender that using electric or hydraulic. Human have
been searching all the ways to curve the iron. Therefore, they use the way to bend iron
by heating the iron until the iron look completely brown, so that the iron easy to bend.
Other than that they are also searching for another ways to make the iron curve .So
they do not use machines or any materials. But they use the full of human source to
bend the iron. Besides that, the size of the iron must be in 1mm until 16mm.Because
more than 16mm, human can’t bend the iron because the strength of human has a
limit.

6
 2.5 COMPARISON BETWEEN OTHER MACHINE TO SOLVE THE ISSUES

Table 2.1 show that the comparison of product of choosing the bending machine that
gathered together. From the table shows to many difference from all product. Next,
from this entire product our will be generated from the characteristics that have been
shown from the table.

Table 2.1 Comparison of product.

FULLY HYDRAULIC BENDING MACHINE IRON BENDING TOOL

BENDING MACHINE (ELECTRICITY)
Type of
Machine

Difference

DIMENSION - 1190x1380x1245mm - 1380x4020x1250 - 91x184x85

(WxLxH) & WEIGHT

- 1600 KG - 3650 KG -18 KG

USE OF YES YES YES

ELECTRICITY

PORTABLE NO NO YES

BENDING MAKE A 360 ROLLS CAN MAKE PLATES CAN BE MADE AT

VARIATION BOTH PRE-BENDING MAXIMUM ANGLE

END AND ROUND 180’
ROLLING.

NEED TO BE YES YES YES

MAINTENANCE
DURING THE BENDING THE OPERATIONAL PRECISION ANGLE
PROCESS, THE PROGRAM IS EASY BENDS ARE PRESET
OPERATION OPERATION IS VERY TO USE, SO ANYONE AND COMPLETED IN
EASY CAN OPERATE IT JUST SECONDS (CUT:
3.1 SECONDS, BEND:
5.1 SECONDS) FOR
CONSISTENCY

7
2.6 TYPE OF ANALYSIS THAT INVOLVED WITH THE PROJECT

Bending is defined as the straining of metal around a straight axis. The metal on
the inside of the neutral axis is compressed. The metal on the outside of the neutral
axis is stretched.

Figure 2.6(a) Straining of metal around straight axis

There are many different types of analysis to determine its change of length bending
stock which will give desired dimensions on the finished bent part. For example:

i. Bend allowance

The bend allowance (BA) is the length of the arc of the neutral line between the
tangent points of a bend in any material. Adding the length of each flange taken
between the centre of the radius. This bend allowance formula is used to determine the
flat pattern length when a bend is dimensioned from the centre of radius, a tangent
point of a radius or the outside tangent point of the radius on an angle bend.

8
 Figure 2.6(d): Example of Bend Allowance

Formula:

The bend allowance formula is based on the figure 2.6(d)

Lf = L1 + L2 + BA/BD

Bend Allowance = BA

ii. Bend deduction

Bend Deduction is almost same with bend allowance its defined as the material you
will have to remove from the total length of your flanges in order to arrive at the flat
pattern.

Formula:

Based on figure 2.6(d)

Lf = D1 + D2 - BD

BD = Bend deduction

iii. Time Taken

To analyse the time it takes to make a bending by a several types of iron with
different lengths and thickness.

9
2.7 CONCLUSION

Bending is a process in which the metal is deform in such a way that the length and
thickness before bending and after bending remains same. It only changes shape of the
workpiece. Actually it is an ideal condition but practically length and thickness
changes up to some extent in bend area. Every metal when subjected to a moment or
couple, it tends to bend. Sheet metals have high bending ability which makes it
versatile for various shaping and forming process.

10
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

In designing and fabrication of this Portable Bending Machine, a flow chart of

methods needs to be used to design and build the Portable Bending Machine. First of
all, a process planning has to be charted out. This chart is used as a guideline to be
followed, so that the final project meets the requirement and time could be managed
perfectly.

This process will determine the efficiency of the project to be complete. Regulating
and analyzing these steps is very important as each of it has its own criteria to be
following.

11
3.2 IDEA GENERATION

The idea of portable bending machine come from the first bending machine
problem. First, the bending machine is heavy and hard to move. If we want to move
the machine, our body will feeling ill because the machine is heavy. Then, the
machine is added to the wheel, so it will not be hard to move anywhere. When using
the machine to do our work, it also can lock the wheel so, the machine will not move
around.

Next, the machine can only bend one variation. If the machine can only bend one
variation, then the industry will not be interested to buy the machine. After that, the
machine is modified into two section. The first section is, to bend the round shape, the
second section is to bend the square and triangle. This machine also can bend ductile
material such as steel, iron, and aluminium.

Lastly, this machine using an electricity consumption and need to be maintenance

due to electrical consumption. It will cause a high cost consumption of electric bills
and requires expertise in the field of machine maintenance. This machine is modify
and it is not using any electricity and it do not need to be often maintenance. This
machine is using human energy.

12
3.2.1 FUNCTION DECOMPOSITION CHART

Functional decomposition chart is a method of analysis that differentiate complex

process to show the characteristics of the project. It is used to facilitate understanding
and can be used to help solve problems and assist in the manufacturing, programming
and machine learning of this project. Figure 3.2.1(a) show the function decomposition
chart of this project.

PORTABLE BENDING
MACHINE

SHAPE HOW TYPE OF

LIMIT SIZE
MOVEMENT THAT CAN CAN IT MATERIAL
MATERIAL
BE BEND BEND TO BE BEND

LENGTH -
USING A USING 1.5m
WHEEL TO MANPOWER
MOVE DIAMETER -
20mm

CIRCLE,
TRIANGLE, ALUMINIUM, STEEL
SQUARE & & PLASTIC (PVC)
DIAMOND

Figure 3.2.1(a): Functional Decomposition Chart of this project

13
3.2.2 MORPHOLOGICAL CHART

The morphological chart Figure 3.2.2(a) is a method to generate ideas in an analytical

and systematic manner. Usually, function of the product are taken as a starting point.
The various functions and sub-functions of a product can be established through a
function analysis.

The parameters also identified by focusing on the commonalities of components and

describing them as the characteristics which a product should have. The parameters
are independent and abstract its category.

In the end, solution principles are found by choosing one component from each
parameter. In other words, each combination of components suggest a solution to
problem.

Figure 3.2.2(a): Example of Morphological chart

14
3.2.3 IDEA - CONCEPT 1

This concept is made to make low-level work. This causes workers to feel
uncomfortable by using machines that make them sit back. However, this concept is
more economical because there are only a few costs to buy materials.

Figure 3.2.3(a): Isometric view of design

15
Figure 3.2.3(b): Orthographic view of design 1.

16
3.2.4 IDEA - CONCEPT 2

In this concept, there’s only one variation that the iron can bend is a circle only.
However, this concept is better than concept 1 because of its comfortable use with
elevation at waist.

Figure 3.2.4(a): Isometric view of design 2

17
Figure 3.2.4(b): Orthographic view of design 2

18
3.2.5 IDEA - CONCEPT 3

In this concept, it looks more better. In addition it can be taken anywhere because of
the addition of wheels on the table legs. However, this concept is slightly more
expensive than any other concepts.

Figure 3.2.5(a): Isometric view of design 3

19
Figure 3.2.5(b): Orthographic view of design 3

20
3.2.6 DESIGN MATRIX

Three (3) concepts of Portable Bending Machine retriever were developed. It is

selected based on standard of a Portable Bending Machine.

1 10

Poor Excellent

These criteria are used to compared the project with the other concept to see which
product have the best scale. From the concept of evolution table, the advantages and
disadvantages of the design can be outlined. Criteria or characteristic for the product
to be fabricate is important to be considered the fabricate process. Six (6) criteria have
been chosen to be considered. According to the figure 3.2.6(a), study of the concept
selection shows that the design three has highest score of 40.

Criteria Design 1 Design 2 Design 3

Portable 2 3 9

Weight 6 6 6

Good looking 5 7 8

Easy to manufacture 5 5 6

Easy to use 8 7 7

Material cost 7 6 5

Total 33 34 40

Table 3.2.6(a): Evolution table of design selection

Based on the design selection matrix, design 3 has the highest total matrix which is
40 point. Thus, design 3 have been selected as the final design of this project.

21
3.3 FINAL DESIGN

After a final design has been selected, the next step in design is dimensioning. The is
separated into part by part and then the dimensioning process is firstly sketched on the
paper. The dimensioning is based on the relevant dimensions and also referring the
existence clothesline so that the design is fit into a part.

After dimensioning, the drawing of the design is drawn using Solid Works application
; at this stage solid modelling method is used. Part by part solid modelling creates
according to the dimension done before, after all the part create, the 3D model is
assembling with each other base on the design. Figure 3.3.1 shows that the final
design have been decided.

Figure 3.3.1: Final design

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3.3.1 ASSEMBLY FINAL DESIGN

Figure 3.3.1(a): Isometric view of assembly final design

23
Figure 3.3.1(b): Left view of assembly final design

Figure 3.3.1(c): Right view of assembly final design

24
3.3.2 DETAILED FINAL DESIGN

Detailed design is a job that should be done before starting the project. all
documents/data available on projects to identify material we need in more detail.
Detailed design is limited to confirm the basic design but produce project after
combining information.

Material that we use:

i. Hydraulic Bottle Jack (2 Ton)

A 2-ton hydraulic bottle jack that is ideal for auto, truck service, farm and shop use.
With the heat treated critical stress areas, it ensures long life performance. In addition,
the carrying handle makes it so easy to carry around wherever need it. It features the
steel lifting saddle that is engineered to hold load securely. With the extension screw,
it allows Bottle Jack to be adjusted to accommodate desired work height. This
hydraulic jack will be the transmission on the roller bender.

Specification :

- Capacity: 2 Ton 
- Lifting Range: Limit 35 cm 
- Carrying Handle: No 
- Item Weight: 3 kg

Figure 3.3.2(a): Hydraulic bottle jack 2 ton

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 ii. Stainless Steel Flat Bar

Stainless steel flat bar provides high temperature resistance. It is easy to fabricate,
machine, stamp and weld. Stainless bar and rods can have a dull gray mill finish or
smooth machined finish. It is used in applications throughout industry that are
exposed to salt water, chemical, acidic or extreme high or low temperatures. This
stainless steel will be the body of portable bending machine.

Specification :

- Thickness: 10mm

- Width: 50mm

Figure 3.3.2(b): Stainless steel flat bar

26
 iii. Iron Round Bar

Iron round or round bars identified as steel carbon striking simple is hard and sharp.
Its a typical discrete stages of force and strength was good enough. So iron round with
this specification are provided as materials for industries. Used for components and
parts in highly corrosive, high temperature and sanitary environments. It is an
economic, high performing material. This iron bar will be the part that will bend iron
with roller bender.

Specification:

- Size: 40 mm

Figure 3.3.2(c): Iron round bar

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 iv. Wheels

A Roller Bearing is a type of bearing which uses rolling elements for supporting loads
and reducing friction. It uses cylinders for maintaining the separation between moving
parts of a bearing. When compared to the ball bearing, these bearings consist of
barrel-shaped rolling elements rather than spherical balls. They can support heavier
loads than ball bearings of similar sizes but cannot handle high speeds like ball
bearings. They are self-aligned and handle mounting problems and shaft
misalignment.

Specification:

- Can be chocked

Figure 3.3.2(d): Wheels

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 v. Roller Bearing

A Roller Bearing is a type of bearing which uses rolling elements for supporting loads
and reducing friction. It uses cylinders for maintaining the separation between moving
parts of a bearing. When compared to the ball bearing, these bearings consist of
barrel-shaped rolling elements rather than spherical balls. They can support heavier
loads than ball bearings of similar sizes but cannot handle high speeds like ball
bearings. They are self-aligned and handle mounting problems and shaft
misalignment.

Figure 3.3.2(e): Roller bearing

29
3.4 FABRICATION AND DEVELOPMENT

After designing phase, fabrication processes take place. These processes are about
using materials selection and make the product base on the design and by followed the
design dimensions. Many methods can be used to fabricate a product such as welding,
cutting and drilling. Fabrication process is a methods to make only one product rather
the manufacturing process was used at the whole system production. This may include
part by fabrication until assembly to other component.

i. Circular Saw Machine

A circular saw is a tool for cutting metal and may be hand-held or mounted to a

machine. Circular saw blades are specially designed for each particular material
they are intended to cut that specifically designed for making rip-cuts, cross-cuts, or
a combination of both. Circular Saw Machine shown in Figure 3.4(a)

Figure 3.4(a): Circular Saw Machine

30
 ii. Hand Drill

Used mainly for drilling holes but reaming, countersinking, and boring can also be
accomplished. Hand Drill shown in Figure 3.4(b)

Figure 3.4(b): Hand Drill

iii. Arc Welding (carbon arc)

Arc Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials, usually metals

by using high heat to melt the parts together and allowing them to cool causing fusion.
Welding is distinct from lower temperature metal-joining techniques such
as brazing and soldering, which do not melt the base metal.

Figure 3.4(c): Arc Welding (Carbon Arc)

31
 iv. L–Square Angle Ruler

L-Square Angle Ruler as a tool that used in to install or measure 90 degree whether it
inside or outside workpiece. It also can be used to draw vertical line and parallel line
at workpiece side part. These tools determine 90 degree of connecting of workpiece to
ensure the workpiece angle connector are parallel. This cause the workpiece more
accurate.

Figure 3.4(d): L-Square Angle Ruler

v. Measuring Tape

Measuring Tape is a flexible ruler. It consists of a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fibre glass
or metal strip with linear-measurement markings. It is used to measure height, width
and length for the workpiece.

Figure 3.4(e): Measuring Tape

32
3.5 PRODUCTION PLAN

Production planning is the planning of production and manufacturing modules in a

company or industry. It utilizes the resource allocation of activities of materials and
production capacity, in order to serve different customers.

Production plan for this bending machine involves a series of activities which include
selection types of material, the size of material, length calculation part deformation
and setup planning.

i. Types of material

For this selection type of material we already discuss about the type of material of the
body and material to be bend. We have choosing steel and iron as the body because of
easy connection, ductility, toughness, and ability to be rolled into various shape and
size. For the material to bend we have choosing steel, iron and aluminium.

i. Size of material

The size of the things that will be bend we already analyze that the limit is 16 mm
diameter. Because, this portable bending machine created not too large and so it will
not cause a damage to the material.

ii. Setup planning

Setup planning is a discipline for stating how to complete a project within a certain
time frame, usually with defined stages, and with designated resources. One view of
setup planning for this portable bending machine is:

i. Know the objectives

ii. Determine problem statement
iii. Designing project
iv. Identifying the scope
v. Make budget setup
vi. Making supporting plans

33
3.6 COST ESTIMATION

Cost estimation is the amount of money invested in the production of a product.

The parts of the machine would be things that incur material costs. This costs is apart
to produce the product. The material cost together with the cost labour to produce the
product. This helps determine the total of costs of a product and its eventual sale price.
Table 3.6(a) shows material costs of this project.

Table 3.6(a): Material Costs Estimation

MATERIALS DESCRIPTION QUANTITY COST (RM)

Hydraulic Bottle Jack 2 Ton 1 RM 68

Swivel Castor Wheels Can be locked 4 RM 32.09

Pillow Block Bearing Hole Diameter: 40mm 4 RM 56.58

KP005

Pillow Block Bearing Hole Diameter: 40mm 3 RM 37.08

KFL007

Square Hollow Steel 6 Meter 1 RM 66

Measuring Tape Measure Metal 1 RM 6.80

Spray Paint 2 RM 15.50

L-Square Ruler L shape 1 RM 2.30

TOTAL RM 284.35

CHAPTER 4

34
 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The details and study of the portable bending machine project and the analysis of
this particular project is obtained based on the result of our research and
experimentation on the types of materials used in our project, production of the
subject matter and comparative study between other different types of tools. All the
information gathered is really useful in order to achieve the objectives of this project.
This chapter also highlights the main point of this topic which is the materials
involved in this project. This topic revolves around the matter of types materials used
and also highlights the data analysis mainly the calculation. Research methodology for
the analysis will be discussed in detail. The discussion includes the explanations and
calculation of the theory of mechanism, design of product and the case of
effectiveness study.

4.2 TESTING AND RESULT

The portable bending machine is used to bend iron steel. The result from this
product has been fabricate, This product work with bend a metal in different shape
such as circle, square, triangle and diamond. The portable bending machine was
combined by two types of metal bender that can be moved by wheel.

From the observation, this product success to bend steel without any risk of
injured, low cost and no electricity consumption. An experiment was carried out a
testing on product to test the capability of the product that we fabricated.

4.2.1 BEND ALLOWANCE & BEND DEDUCTION ANALYSIS

i. Bend allowance

35
The bend allowance (BA) is the length of the arc of the neutral line between the
tangent points of a bend in any material. Adding the length of each flange taken
between the center of the radius to the BA gives the Flat Pattern length. This bend
allowance formula is used to determine the flat pattern length when a bend is
dimensioned from (1) the center of the radius, (2) a tangent point of the radius or (3)
the outside tangent point of the radius on an acute angle bend..

The BA can be estimated using the following formula, which incorporates the
empirical K-factor

BA = A (π/180) (R + (K x T)

BA= Bend Allowance

A= Bend Angle in Degree

R= Inside Bend Radius

K= Constant

T= Material Thickness

Figure 4.1.2(a):Example of Bend allowance

The bend deduction BD is defined as the difference between the sum of the flange
lengths (from the edge to the apex) and the initial flat length.

36
The outside side back (OSSB) is the length from the tangent point of the radius to the
apex of the outside of the bend. The bend deduction (BD) is twice the outside setback
minus the bend allowance. BD is calculated using the following formula, where A is
the angle in radians (=degrees*π/180)

BD = 2(R + T) tan A/2 - BA

BD= Bend Deduction

R= Inside Bend Radius

T= Material Thickness

A=Bend Angle in Degree

BA= Bend Allowance

For bends at 90 degrees this formula can be simplifies to

BD = R(2 - A) + T (2 - BA)

BD= Bend Deduction

R= Inside Bend Radius

T= Material Thickness

BA= Bend Allowance

Table 4.1.1 : Data of bend allowance and bend deduction

ANGLE 90
PI 3.142 @ 22/7
RADIUS 90
K-FACTOR 0.33
THICKNESS 0.5
BA = A (22/7/180) (R + (K x T)

= 90 (22/7/180) (90 + (0.33 x 0.5)

= 141.63

37
BEND ALLOWANCE = 141.63

FORMULA For bends at 90 degrees

BD = 2(R + T) tan A/2 - BA

= 2(90 + 0.5) tan 90/2 - 141.63

= 39.37

BEND DEDUCTION = 39.37

4.1.2 TIME TESTING

The portable bending machine has been test on how long it could to get the full circle
bends. The data gave taken by using stop watch. The data shows in Table 4.1.2

Table 4.1.2 : Testing and time taken

Length Type of steel Thickness Time taken to

complete full circle
bending
100cm Hollow and Rod -14mm -5 minutes 20sec
-12mm -5 minutes 8sec
-10mm -4 minutes 45sec
-8mm -4 minutes 12sec
150cm Hollow and Rod -14mm -6 minutes 32sec
-12mm -6 minutes 10sec
-10mm -5 minutes 33sec
-8mm -5 minutes 5sec
200cm Hollow and Rod -14mm -7 minutes 56sec
-12mm -7 minutes 12sec
-10mm -6 minutes 40sec
-8mm -6 minutes 8sec

38
In conclusion, from the time testing that we have taken. The longer or thick the steel,
the longer time it will take to complete the full circle bending.

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion

In this chapter,where this is the last chapter of the study will be discussed
things that were acceptable to the conclusion and recommendation. Some conclusion
will be issue as a result of this study through reference to the literature review was
conducted and data that were analyzed. All inferences and conclusion issued must be
guided to the research objective stated in the first chapter of this study. The result and
recommendation obtain during this project.

For the whole group, portable bending machine was a really interesting
project. Each member of the group had their own creative ideas to contribute with
building the portable bending machine . the group was ahead of the timeline most of
the time, and started to follow the timeline consistently when the group started
building. The group was successful in building a portable bending machine.

Overall, the portable bending machine has achieved the objective of the
project which is to design, fabricate and analyze a portable bending machine and make
sure the machine can function properly according to its specification. This project
design is to assemble a bend on a workpiece. This project provides convenience to
contractor, car workshop and personal use to bend a workpiece using portable bending

39
machine.

The first objective of this project was to design a portable bending machine
by using CATIA Software. This project already achieves the first objective. At first, it
started with a rough sketch to CATIA Software to show a project design, the first
sketch was released as if it could be done in this period of time. After all, the doubts
that have been discussed were changed in some part. The new design was released,
and it has been tested and it can be used to bend a workpiece.

The second objective of this project is to fabricate a portable bending

machine. This project already achieves the second objective. First, its was started by
selecting material then it was build based on the design that has been selected.
Material selection is very important in order to reduce the cost to fabricate this project.
So, select the suitable material carefully to avoid any defect to the project when
started to build the machine. Besides that, selecting the material carefully can help to
reduce the project cost.

The third objective of this project is to analyse and test the bend force, bend
allowance, bend deduction and time of Portable bending machine. This project
achieves the third objective. First, it started when the project are completely done.
Then,test run the project. After that, analyse and record the data that have been written
in a piece of paper.

5.2 Recommendation

There are many suggestions in the form and want to upgraded this product
in the future. There are some things that has been recommended to make sure this
product get improvement. First thing first, test performed during this project to make
sure accuracy of the product must be suitable and fit to its positions the product can
work more perfectly. Below are the suggestion :

i. Add handle to the body of the machine. This will make it easier for users to
move the machine more comfortably.

40
 ii. Bending size measurement can be adjustable on block bearing according to the
size required by the user.
iii. Improve the tire by changing it to larger as it is easier to push and smoother.

41