ABSTRACT

The field of mechanical engineering has a theme word called ―CHANGE‖ as its backbone. The new
technological advancements and the needs of people have made us think about this project. Our project is
maiden
venture into the field of air temperature controlling and also deals with human comfort. Human comfort
conditions
deal with the conditions of environment around you, viz. HOT & COLD. The control of temperature of air
around us is done by controlling the output water from the water cooler. Our project is a novel idea to control air
temperature around us by the incorporation of cooling system in a single unit. This unit would be an economic
utility at all places to provide comfort conditions to the people. ―Faster, mightier & smaller‖ is still the
keyword for
every invention and development. In day-to-day world we concentrate on the compactness and efficiency of
every
product. Keeping this in our thought I have designed and fabricate an economical and reliable unit known as
―Water
Cum Room Cooler‖(Three in one air conditioner). ―Human comfort is that condition of mind, which expresses
itself
with the thermal environment‖. In our project three rival properties of cool water, hot water & cool air are
obtained.

INTRODUCTION

―Faster, mightier & smaller‖ is still the keyword for every invention and development. In day-to-day world we
concentrate on the compactness and efficiency of every product. Keeping this in our thought we have designed
and fabricated an economical and reliable unit known as ―THREE IN ONE AIR CONDITIONER‖.
―Human comfort is that condition of mind, which expresses itself with the thermal environment‖. In our
project
two rival properties of cool water and cool air are obtained. This system can be used continuously. By using our
system there is no need of going for a separate air conditioner or air cooler and water cooler. As both purposes
are
served by a single system, the cost is also lowered to a considerable level. The technology enables the same unit
for
space conditioning cum domestic hot water heating and water cooling in residences. The earlier air-to-water
heat
pumps and water-heating heat pumps suffered from drawbacks like high costs, unreliable operation, and
inflexible
Applications. They were not well positioned in the market to attract peoples. This paper introduces a novel air-
conditioning
product that can achieve the multi-functions with improved energy performance. The basic design
principles and the prototype test results are presented. The results showed that by incorporating water heater and
eater cooler in the outdoor unit of a split-type air-conditioner so that space cooling and water heating can take
place
simultaneously the energy performance can be raised considerably.

WHY R-134a............

As we know that R-12 is a commonly used refrigerants but nowadays R- 134a is the best substitution of that
refrigerant. Because it has some good specific properties than R-12.

(1) Less compressor speed

(2) Low compression ratio

(4) Less global warming potential

(5) Zero ozone depletion potential

Less compressor speed:

As we know that density of R-134a is more than that of R-12.Due to this reason for existing R-12 reciprocating
compressors, it would require either an average increase in compressor speed of 5 to 8 % or an equivalent
increase in cylinder volume for came mass of both refrigerants.

Low compression ratio:

Its density is more than that of R-12, so if we compress with same speed and same mass of refrigerant then
result will be that R-12 will be compressed more than that of the R-134a.So R-134a has less compression ratio
than R-12.

High sensitive leak detector:

Molecules of R-134a are smaller than R-12.therefore a very sensitive leak detector.

Zero ozone depletion potential:

Since R-134a has no chlorine atoms in molecular formula so its depletion potential is zero. All of the
refrigerants use R-11 as a datum reference and thus R-11 has an ODP of 1.0. The less the value of the ODP the
better the refrigerant is for the ozone layer but ODP of R-12 is 3.4 so it affects the environmental condition .

R-134a PROPERTIES:

Boiling point: -26.15°C at atmospheric temperature Freezing temperature: -101°C Evaporator pressure: 1.6397
at -15°C in bar Condenser pressure: 7.7008 at 30°C in bar Critical temperature: 101.06°C Critical pressure:
40.56 bar C OP: 4.61 KW/TR: 0.762 Specific volume: 0.121 m3/kg at -15°C
 TECHNIQUE EMPLOYED…..???

The technique employed here to get the three works from one unit is only the modification of simple vapour
compression refrigeration cycle.

HOT WATER

Water is used as the condensing or cooling medium & being heated due to the heat exchange from the hot
vapour refrigerant.

COLD WATER

Cooling of water is obtained from the evaporator unit due to the heat transfer of water to the refrigerant.

AIR COOLING

Air cooling is obtained due to the fact of heat exchange between hot air & cold refrigerant.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

As the Three rival properties of Cool water Hot water & cool air…. Are obtained in one unit, it is known as
―Three in one Air conditioner‖. Hence It eliminates the separate use of an air conditioner, water heater &
water cooler as the three purposes are served in a same unit. The proposed air conditioner is designed for
multi-task and for year round service. The device possesses the three functions of space air-conditioning water
heating & water cooling. It is designed as a split type unit. A water tank with immersed condensing coils is
integrated in the outdoor unit. The evaporator unit contains two functional features:- 1. A water tank with
immersed evaporating coils & 2. The air-conditioner. In the warm seasons, the novel air-conditioner provides
space cooling as Its primary task, the same evaporator unit provides the cooled water and also produces
domestic hot water through the ‗‗water-bath‘‘ heat-recovery condenser as its secondary task. In the process,
the water temperature will rise. The performance will drop because of the elevated condenser working
temperature and pressure. To overcome this limitation, an air-cooled condenser is connected in series with the
immersed condenser. This is to overtake the duty of the immersed condenser when the water temperature
reaches a high limit & because of the mixed effect of water-heating-cooling and air-cooling, the average
performance in the cooling mode will be generally higher than the conventional split-type air-conditioner. The
proposed product is able to work in one of the following ―three” operation modes: Provision of space
cooling and domestic hot water:- As the rejected heat energy at the condenser is about 15–20% more than
the evaporator refrigerating effect, the recovery of all rejected heat for hot water production is not necessary.
The hot water consumption depends on the needs of the individuals. As the operation time for space cooling
can be lengthy, the water heater is only to recover a part of the condensation heat energy. Provision of
domestic hot water as a heat pump water heater:-Other than the cooling season, the proposed air-
conditioner is primarily used to produce domestic hot water. In this mode, the indoor unit is not in use. The
air-cooler at the outdoor unit becomes the evaporator, which works together with the immersed condenser. In
order to improve the heat exchange at the water tank, the other side-by-side condenser coil is to be put in
service. Provision of cool water for domestic purposes:- The secondary side of evaporating unit provides
water cooling as the evaporator coils are immersed into the tank of water which has to be cooled.

A simple vapor compression refrigeration system consists of the following equipments: i) Compressor ii)
Condenser iii) Expansion valve iv) Evaporator

The schematic diagram of the arrangement is as shown in Figure the low temperature, low pressure vapour at
state B is compressed by a compressor to high temperature and pressure vapour at state C. This vapour is
condensed into high pressure vapour at state D in the condenser and then passes through the expansion valve.
Here, the vapour is throttled down to a low pressure liquid and passed on to an evaporator, where it absorbs
heat from the surroundings from the circulating fluid (being refrigerated) and vaporizes into low pressure
vapor at state B. The cycle then repeats. The exchange of energy is as follows:

COMPRESSION:

The refrigerant being sucked to the compressor through the suction line. Afterward the refrigerant
compressed into the compressor and the compressed refrigerant being discharged to the condenser unit
through the discharge line.

CONDENSATION:
When the high pressure refrigerant vapour enters the condenser heat flows from condenser to cooling
medium thus allowing vaporized refrigerant to return to liquid state.

EXPANSION:

After condenser the liquid refrigerant is stored in the liquid receives until needed. From the receiver it passes
through an expansion value where the pressure is reduced sufficiently to allow the vaporization of liquid at a
low temperature of about – 10 degree centigrade.

VAPORIZATION:

The low pressure refrigerant vapour after expansion in the expansion valve enters the evaporator on
refrigerated space where a considerable amount of heat is absorbed by it and refrigeration is furnished.

COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE 

The coefficient of performance is the ratio of heat extracted in the refrigerator to the work done on the
refrigerant Mathematically,

C.O.P = Q/W

Q = Amount of heat extracted in the refrigerator

W = Amount of work done

CALCULATION

Heat extracted = Mass*Specific heat * Rise in temperature

Density of water = 1000 kg/m3,

Volume of water = 1litre

Mass of water = Volume * Density = 1/1000 m3* 1000 kg/m3 = 1 kg

Specific heat of water = 4.187 kj/kg-k

Rise in temperature = T2- T1

T1 = Normal water temperature =25°C =298 k

T2 =Hot water temperature =40°C =313k

Work done = 1/12 kw

Time taken to raise the temperature from T1to T2 = 10 min

Heat extracted (Q) = 1kg*4.187 kj /kg-k*(313-298) k = 62.805 kj

Work done (W) = 1/12 kj/sec*10*60 sec =50 kj

C.O.P = Q/W =62.805/50 =1.256