Ws PROJECT

FINAL THESIS ON BORA TOWN WATER SUPPLY PROJECT 2017 GC
Table of Contents
Contents………………………………………………………………..pages
Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................. i
List of Table ..................................................................................................................................... v
List of Figure .................................................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF ABBEREVATIONS ....................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................ viii
EXECUTIVE SUMMERY ............................................................................................................. ix
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Back ground of the project area ...................................................................................... 2
1.1.1 Climate ..................................................................................................................... 2
1.1.2 Socio Economic Characteristic ................................................................................ 3
1.1.3 Existing Sanitation condition ................................................................................... 3
1.1.4 Existing Water Supply ............................................................................................. 4
1.1.5 Problems statement faced on water supply projects ................................................ 4
1.2 Objective .......................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.1 General Objective .................................................................................................... 4
1.2.2 Specific Objective .................................................................................................... 5
1.2.3 Scope of the project ................................................................................................. 5
1.3 Methodology.................................................................................................................... 5
2 POPULATION FORECASTING AND WATER DEMAND ASSESSMENT ...................... 6
2.1 Design Period ................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Population Growth........................................................................................................... 7
2.2.1 Factors Affecting population Growth ...................................................................... 7
2.2.2 Growth Rate ............................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Base Population of the Town ........................................................................................... 9
2.4 Population Forecasting .................................................................................................... 9
2.4.1 Geometric increase method ...................................................................................... 9
2.5 Water Demand Assessment........................................................................................... 11
DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE i
2.5.1 Mode of Service Determination ............................................................................. 12

2.5.2 Capita Demand by mode of Service ...................................................................... 12
2.5.3 Projected Per Capita Water Demand by Mode of Service (l/c/d) .......................... 13
2.5.4 Per capita Domestic Projected Average Water Demand........................................ 13
2.5.5 Population distribution by Mode of services ......................................................... 14
2.6 Climatic and Socio-Economic Adjustment ..................................................................... 16
2.6.1 Climatic Factors ..................................................................................................... 16
2.6.2 Adjustment due to Socio- Economic Condition..................................................... 16
2.7 Variation of Water Use .................................................................................................. 19
2.7.1 Maximum Day Demand ......................................................................................... 20
2.7.2 Peak Hour Demand ................................................................................................ 20
3 . POTENTIAL WATER SOURCE SELECTIONS AND WELL DESIGN ......................... 22
3.1 Water Source Selection.................................................................................................. 22
3.1.1 Location of the water source .................................................................................. 22
3.1.2 Quantity of water ................................................................................................... 22
3.1.3 Quality of Water .................................................................................................... 22
3.1.4 Underground sources of water ............................................................................... 23
3.1.5 Criteria for selecting potential water sources ......................................................... 23
3.1.6 Ground Water Target Area .................................................................................... 23
3.1.7 Advantages of Ground Water for water supply ..................................................... 24
3.2 Well ................................................................................................................................ 24
3.2.1 Tube Wells ............................................................................................................. 25
3.2.2 Well location .......................................................................................................... 26
3.3 Water well design .......................................................................................................... 27
3.3.1 Well screen length.................................................................................................. 27
3.3.2 Well screen diameter.............................................................................................. 28
3.3.3 Diameter of the well pipe diameters ...................................................................... 28
3.3.4 Diameter of Bore Hole ........................................................................................... 29
3.3.5 Casing .................................................................................................................... 29
4 PUMP DESIGN ..................................................................................................................... 31
4.1 Pump Selection Criteria ................................................................................................. 31
DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE ii

4.2 Submersible pump......................................................................................................... 31

4.2.1 Installation of Submersible pump................................................................................. 32
4.3 Pumping Design Parameter Capacity............................................................................. 32
4.3.1 Head ....................................................................................................................... 32
4.3.2 Efficiency ............................................................................................................... 32
4.3.3 Shut off and Run out .............................................................................................. 32
4.4 Pumping power calculation ........................................................................................... 32
4.5 Pumping power calculation ........................................................................................... 33
4.6 Economical Diameter Transmission or Raising Mains ................................................... 34
5 DESIGN OF SERVICE RESERVOIR .................................................................................. 36
5.1 Functions of Service Reservoir: ...................................................................................... 36
5.2 DesignCapacity ............................................................................................................... 36
5.3 Reservoir Type ............................................................................................................... 38
5.3.1 Surface reservoirs................................................................................................... 38
5.3.2 Position and Accessories of Service Reservoirs .................................................... 38
5.4 Structural Design of Service Reservoirs ......................................................................... 39
5.4.1 Reservoir Design Consideration ............................................................................ 39
5.4.2 Structural Detail Design of Service Reservoir for Bora town ................................ 40
Design of Bending Moments ..................................................................................................... 46
6 DISTRIUTION SYSTEM AND WATER TREATMENT.................................................... 48
6.1 Treatment ...................................................................................................................... 48
6.1.1 Purpose of water treatment .................................................................................... 48
6.2 Dosage of chlorine ......................................................................................................... 48
6.3 Distribution system ........................................................................................................ 49
6.3.1 Pipe Material Selection .......................................................................................... 50
6.3.2 Nodal Pressure Requirements and Flow Velocities ............................................... 51
6.3.3 Depth of Pipelines .................................................................................................. 52
6.4 Methods of distribution ................................................................................................. 52
6.4.1 Gravity distribution system .................................................................................... 52
6.4.2 Layout of Distribution system................................................................................ 52
6.5 Appurtenances in the Distribution System .................................................................... 53
DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE iii

6.5.1 Water Meter ........................................................................................................... 54

6.5.2 Types of Valves ..................................................................................................... 54
6.6 Computer Analysis of the distribution system............................................................... 54
6.7 Public Fountains ............................................................................................................. 55
7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS (EIA) ...................................................... 56
7.1 General........................................................................................................................... 56
7.2 Objectives of the EIA ...................................................................................................... 56
7.2.1 Positive impacts of the water supply project.......................................................... 57
7.2.2 Negative impacts of the proposed water supply project ........................................ 57
7.3 Mitigation measures ...................................................................................................... 58
8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 59
8.1 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 59
8.2 Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 60
REFERENCE................................................................................................................................. 61
ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................................... 62
DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE iv

List of Table
table 2.1Water supply design periods ................................................................................. 7
table2.2Population growth rate for amhara region ............................................................. 8
table 2.3Csa country level population growth rates .......................................................... 9
table 2.4Forecasted population ......................................................................................... 10
table 2.5Projected per capita water demand by mode of service (l/c/d ............................ 13
table 2.6 Projection of the percentage of population by modes of service ....................... 14
table 2.7Population distribution by mode of service ........................................................ 15
table 2.8 Summary of growth in domestic water demand ................................................ 15
table 2.9 Climatic adjustment factors................................................................................ 16
table 2.10Adjustment factors for socio economic conditions ........................................... 16
table 2.11Adjusted domestic water demand ..................................................................... 17
table 2.12Nondomestic water demand .............................................................................. 17
table 2.13 Losses as % of production................................................................................ 18
table 2.14 Recommended water demand peak factors ...................................................... 20
table 2.15Summary of water demand ............................................................................... 21
table 3.1 Recommended values of screen diameter .......................................................... 28
table 3.2 Recommended casing diameter with various yields .......................................... 30
table 5.1Height of reservoir .............................................................................................. 40
table 5.2Coefficients for vertical moments in circular reservoirs ..................................... 41
table 5.3Coefficient for hoop tension................................................................................ 41
table 5.4Coefficient for shear at base ................................................................................ 44
table 6.1The diameter of pipe used in distribution ........................................................... 50
table 6.2Recommended cover depth ................................................................................. 52
DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE v

List of Figure
figure 1 Project location topography................................................................................... 2
figure 2.1 Population forecasted ....................................................................................... 11
figure 3.1 Well .................................................................................................................. 25
figure 5.1Reservoir volume detrmination ......................................................................... 37
figure5.2 Accessory of reservoir ....................................................................................... 39
figure 5.3 Detail of base slab bottom reinforcements ....................................................... 45
figure 5.4 Section view of reservoir .................................................................................. 47
figure6.1DCI and HDPE pipe ........................................................................................... 51
figure 6.2 Distribution layout ............................................................................................ 53
DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE vi

LIST OF ABBEREVATIONS
a.m.s.l…………. … above mean sea level

ADD………………...Average Daily Demand
AWRDB ………… Amhara Water Resources Development Bureau
CSA ……………… .Central Statistical Authority
Db……………………Diameter Of The Borehole
DCI……………… Ductile Coast Iron
DL ………………… Dead Load
EIA ………………… Environmental Impact Assessment
GP ………………… Generator Power
GS …………………….Galvanized Steel
HC …………………….House Connection
HDPE………………… High-Density Poly Ethane
HL………………… Head Loss
HT ……………………Total Head
ID .……………………Internal Diameter
L/C/D -…………………Liter per Capita per Day
LL ……………………. Live Load
MDD……………….. Maximum Daily Demand
MDF ………………… Maximum Daily Factor
MOWR……………… Ministry Of Water Resource
OD………………..… Outer Diameter
PHD………………..…. Peak Hourly Demand
PHF………………… Peak Hour Factor
PN…………………… Nominal Pressure
Po……………………….…Initial Population
PT ………………..……Public Taps
WHO ………………….World Health Organization
WP …………………. Water Point
WWDSE ………………Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise
YC ……………………..Yard Connection
YS …………………… Neighborhood connection
DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we would like to thank virgin Maryam and almighty God, for giving us the
courage and endurance to start the graduate studies and finalize this thesis.
Our greatest thank and heartfelt appreciations go to our advisor Muluneh (MSc) and
Endeshaw N (BSc.) for allowing us the opportunity to work with them, for their
insightful contributions to our professional development, and for their kindness and
support. Without their assistances, the completion of this paper would have been hardily
possible. And also instructor Samuel for his helps in software application especially in
water cad software, pipe line distribution and survey data collection. Next to this we
would like to thanks our families for their contribution to be successful in our life. And
also we express our gratitude to Debre Markos University College of technology for
giving chance to learn a profession of hydraulic and water resources engineering
discipline.
And also, we would also like to thank the hydraulic and water resources engineering
department for the research title identification and proposal formulation processes.
Last but not the least; we would like to thank our friends who shares their ideas as well as
giving their computers which helps to do the thesis.
DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE viii

EXECUTIVE SUMMERY
Water plays an important role in making life comfortable and luxurious rich and superior
in quality. That is why we say “water is life .Since the driving force of all nature is water
so, water is the basic needs of all living things on the earth. The overall objectives of this
project is to design and implement sustainable water supply and for new fast growing
town “Bora” in Amhara region improving the quality, quantity and level of service for
this project area communities with regard to water supply the rural area has no water
supply option. The rural piped system project is designed for 20 years’ design period
from2018 to 2038G.C. The project comprises the outcome of the study and design of
water supply system, According to the socio-economic data the base population that the
project incorporate is 13650 Population projection has been made based on CSA’s
country level population growth rates and accordingly the total projected population at
the end of the design period is calculated to be 30591. Demand projections were also
made throughout the design periods. The major modes and levels of services considered
are public fountains (PF), house connection (HC), yard connections (YC) and yard shard
(YS). The maximum day demand and peak hour demand for phase I at the end of the year
2028 design period is estimated to be 15.26 L/s and 20.71 l/s respectively and 31.08l/s
and42l/s respectively for the second phase. The borehole yield is estimated 25 L/s. For
the second phase the well yield doesn’t satisfy the demand so we recommend one
borehole to satisfy the demand.The lout of the distribution is dead end system and
determine by water cad software and HDPE and DCI pipes are selected to distribute the
water to the consumer. As explained in this document components of the new water
supply system like pressure main, reservoir, pump design, Gravity distribution system
have been sized to safely accommodate the water demand of the town with in the design
period.
DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE ix

1 INTRODUCTION
Water plays an important role in making life comfortable and luxurious rich and superior in
quality). That is why we say “water is life”. The most common national requirement is for
drinking water of suitable quality, and many countries base their own standards on the World
Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality, natural water is inadequate
for certain purposes as defined by recommended or guideline concentrations, (Source WHO
2006).Access to safe drinking water and sanitation is a global concern. However, developing
countries, like Ethiopia, have suffered from a lack of access to safe drinking water from
improved sources and to adequate sanitation services (As a result, people are still dependent on
unprotected water sources such as rivers, streams, springs and hand dug wells. Since these
sources are open, they are highly susceptible to flood and birds, animals and human
contamination. In addition, most sources are found near gullies where open field defecation is
common and flood-washed wastes affect the quality of water, (Source WHO). The Bora town
included the nearby villages use piped water supply which is constructed in 1976 e.c with 25m3
service reservoir, hand dug well and river for their entire water requirement. The availability of
sanitation facilities is even worst. The combined effects of the poor water supply situation and
virtually none existent sanitation facilities account diseases in the town .The negative impact that
this fact has on the economic progress of the country is obvious. The problem to design the
project area is that Funds available for the completion of the project, materials availability, less
society’s awareness to the project use etc. In the design of any water supply scheme for a town or
city it is necessary to determine the total quantity of water required for various purposes by the
city’s designing water supply for town become crucial. Based on foregoing fundamental
objectives of safe water supply, Bora town is selected as our design project. The design study
includes brief assessment of physical and social conditions of infrastructures, water sources and
potentially existing and future water requirement of the town. The study is made for the design
of water supply of peak demand project for year 2038.
DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE 1

1.1 Back ground of the project area

The project area Bora town is located in Oromia Zone of Amhara National Regional State, at a
distance of 28 km from kemisie town .The project is accessed by all weathered gravel road from
kemisie town centre. Regarding the infrastructures and social services, the project area has
nearby national grid electric supply. Besides; it has mobile telecommunication access. It has also
/1-12/ school, and one health centre. Hence, to improve the living conditions of the community a
potable, reliable and adequate new water supply system must be established.
Figure 1Project location topography

The project area is characterized by highly variable topography the mean altitude of bora area is
about 1570 a.m.s.l, it actually varies between 1,500 and 1650 a.m.s.l.
1.1.1 Climate
Maximum temperatures are observed in March-April while minima are recorded in July-August.
The minimum temperature of the area estimated according to the data from Bora station is 1 7 0C
and maximum temperature 29.3 0C. The relative humidity gets maximum from July to
September while minima are usually observed from February to April. The mean annual aerial

rainfall of the project area is estimated from the Bora station is about 1200 mm the climatic
condition of the project area is hot, it is kola.
1.1.2 Socio Economic Characteristic
1.1.2.1 Economic Activities in Bora Town
The livelihood (the financial means whereby one lives) of the majority of the population in Bora
is based on trade, small business service, agricultural production and government employees
.The main crops growing in the woreda are; chat(cash crop), mashla, ,teff etc.
1.1.2.2 Education
There is one public school (Grade 1-12) Located in the centre of Bora town. This means that
There are one primary (1-8) and one secondary (9-12) schools.
Health and Hygiene
There is one government health centre. This health centre provides medical services for Bora
town and the nearby villages as well.
Most households in the project area have their own pit latrines constructed from locally available
materials (wood and mud). There are no solid waste disposal mechanisms in the town. The ten
most prevalent diseases in the area as reported by the Bora town health office are Malaria,
pneumonia, AFI (acute febrile illness), helminthiasis, parasitic diseases, Trachoma,Dysentery,
and Infection of skin, non bloody diharea.
1.1.3 Existing Sanitation condition
Adequate provision of sanitary facilities such as both private and public toilets, properly sited,
carefully made and managed solid waste disposal facilities will reduce the spread of contagious.
As observed during the study, there are no enough sanitary facilities and hence, they are using
the open field for defecation mostly. Besides, most of the existing Pit latrines do not have water
supply access. The mitigation measurement is that make enough access of water for everyone.
To a great extent it will also depend on the standard of living, density of population and
understanding of the importance of sanitation by the population. So, literate the society to
increase the awareness for proper sanitation is best way to resolve the problem.

1.1.4 Existing Water Supply

The Bora town included the nearby villages use piped water supply which is constructed in 1976
etc. with 25m3 service reservoir, hand dug well and river for their entire water requirement.
During the study of the team, most expresses strongly that they are suffering from shortage of
potable, water at reasonable distance. Having this in mind we have to design this project to
satisfy the society’s water need.
1.1.5 Problems statement faced on water supply projects
Since there is no good existing water supply system for those towns, the communities of Bora
towns are faced with unbalanced access of supply and demand. The problem of water supply in
Bora town is not only the problem of adequacy but, also Shortage of essential facilities and
budget constraints, lack of skill and equipment for periodic maintenance. To solve this problem
there should be an additional water source adopted like ground water.
1.2 Objective
1.2.1 General Objective

The genera objective of this project is to provide adequate, good quality, safe and sustainable
water source in Bora town inconsistent water supply in the town. And also to attain safe human
health by provide adequate, good quality, safe and sustainable source of water.
 To assess and Design the capacity of service reservoir for the town.

 To improve daily water requirement of each individual in the town

 To provide adequate, quality, safe and sustainable water based on the source
1.2.2 Specific Objective

 To know well about procedures of water supply schemes.
 To acquire knowledge about design of water supply project preparation.
 To apply practically what we have gained theoretically knowledge from our university.
 To enable the group members that has the full knowledge of analyzing design of water
supply.
 To develop the habit of working together in a group and share ideas.
 To get full awareness related with water supply engineering.
1.2.3 Scope of the project

The scope of this project is to extend the new and existing water supply system into large and
sufficient system to satisfy the water requirement of the expected design period. This project also
has the greatest importance on the improvement of the health and hygiene standards of the Bora
town as whole.
1.3 Methodology
This report is prepared mainly based on the field assessment. During the preparation of detail
engineering design, the following points were followed and modified to suit into the actual
condition.
 Studying the current population information of the town.
 Assessing the water demand of the town based on the current and projected population.
 Studying distribution of the water users by category, and setting the nodal demand.
 Designing of each scheme components based on the basic related design criteria.
 Preparation of the cost estimates of the project by using the current market prices.
 Data collection which are essential for demand assessment.
 Using design manuals for accurate design.

2 POPULATION FORECASTING AND WATER DEMAND ASSESSMENT
Design of water supply and sanitation scheme is based on the projected population of a particular
city, estimated for the design period. Any underestimated value will make system inadequate for
the purpose intended; similarly overestimated value will make it costly. Factors affecting
changes in population are:
 Increase due to births
 Decrease due to deaths
 Increase/ decrease due to migration
 Increase due to annexation.
Knowing the factors which affect the growth of population is very important to predict the future
population number. Some of these factors are birth rates, death rates and migration rates. These
factors are influenced by the following:-
A) Economic and social activities of the people
b) Development of new industries
c) Improvement of transport facilities
d) Increase in educational and other public facilities
Some of the factors which affect the demand of water are:-
 Climatic condition,
 Size of town,
 Culture of people, and religion
 Industries,
 Cost and Quantity of water,
 Pressure in the distribution system and system of supply
2.1 Design Period
It is necessary to fix the design period and forecasting population of the area in the design of any
water supply schemes. Water supply projects are usually designed for a certain period after the
completion of construction works in order to satisfy the population demand. Design period is the
number of years for which the design of water works has been done. The factors which will keep
in view while fixing the design period are.

 Funds available for the completion of the project .If more funds are available design
period may be more and vice versa.
 Life of the pipe and other structural materials used in the water supply Scheme
 As far as possible the design period should be nearly equal to the life time rate of interest
on the loans taken to complete the project.
If the rate of Interest is less; it will be good to keep design period more. But if the interest rate is
very high the design period should be small. Anticipated expansion rate of the town for design of
water supply schemes for medium town, design period of 20-25 years is considered. For Bora
town water supply project by considering the above factors we adopt a design period of 20 years.
This period is divided in to two phases. The first phase covers the time up to the year 2018 and
the second phase up to the year 2038.
Table 2.1water supply design periods

Category Base Population Target Design Period
Year
Phase I Phase II
Large towns >50,000 20 10 10
Medium towns 10,000 - 50,000 20 10 10
Small towns 2,000 - 10,000 15 15 -
Rural villages <2,000 15 15 -
Source: (Amhara Water Resources Development Bureau Water Supply Core Process Water
Supply Design Guideline, November 2012)
2.2 Population Growth
2.2.1 Factors Affecting population Growth
Knowing the factors which affect the growth of population is very important to predict the future
population number. Some of these factors are birth rates, death rates and migration rates. These
factors are influenced by the:
 Economic and social activities of the people.

 Development of new industries,

 Improvement of transport facilities,
 Increase in educational and other public facilities,
 Earthquakes, floods, epidemic and frequent famines,
 National project in or near the town, for which water supply is designed,
2.2.2 Growth Rate

The Central Statistical Authority (CSA) of Ethiopia has established the population growth rate for
Amhara Region with in five years interval (1995-2030).
table2.2population growth rate for amhara region
Year 1995- 2000- 2005- 2010- 2015- 2020- 2025- 2030-
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Low Variant (for large towns and surrounding rural villages)
Growth rate 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.7
Urban 4.8 4.1 4.2 4 3.9 3.8 3.6
Rural 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3
Medium variant (for medium towns, small town and

surrounding rural villages)
Growth rate 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.1 1.9
Urban 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.1 4 3.8 3.6
Rural 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.1 2 1.7 1.5
Source: (The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia Results for Amhara Region,
Volume II Analytical Report.

Table 2.3CSA country level population growth rates
Year Growth rate (%) Remark

2018 4.1 Medium town from 2015-2020
2023 4 Medium town from 2020-2025
2028 3.8 Medium town from 2025-2030
2033 3.6 Extrapolation
2038 3.4 Extrapolation
Source :( The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia Results for Amhara Region,
Volume II Analytical Report
2.3 Base Population of the Town
The base population of Bora town in 2016 is 13650 and an accurate population of the town is
absolutely necessary since a town or city population determines water requirement for the
purpose of water supply system. It includes all peoples, who utilize water for drinking, washing
clothes, cooking, bathing, and cleaning utensils (an implement for practical use (especially in a
household) and watering animals. Even though the Central Statistics Authority (CSA) is
recognized body in Ethiopia to determine the official figures and growth rate that should be
taken for any development activity periodically.
2.4 Population Forecasting
In the design of a water supply scheme, after deciding the design period the next step is to
determine population in various times. Several methods are present, but it should be point out
that judgment must be exercised by the engineer as to which method is most applicable.
2.4.1 Geometric increase method
The geometric method is found out to be appropriate for our project due to the following reasons.
 It is most suitable for a newly developed area
 It is commonly used to forecast the future population and it gives higher population.
This method is based on the assumption that the percent increase in population from decade to
decade remains constant. In this method the average percentage of growth of last few decades is
determined; the population forecasting is done on the basis that percentage increase per decade
will be the same.

P1= Po + r Po= Po (1+r)

P2= P1 (1+r) = Po (1+r) (1+r)
P3= P2 (1+r) = Po (1+r) (1+r) (1+r)
Pn= Po (1+r) n
Where: Po= initial population,
n = number of year, and
r = percentage (geometric) increase (%)
The given population in the 2016 year is 13650. Hence using this population, we can get the base
population in the year 2017.Sample calculations; Pn = Po (1+r) n ,
Pn=13650(1+4.1%) 2=14792
Pn=14792(1+4%)5=17997
Table 2.4Forecasted Population
Year growth rate Population
2016 - 13650
2018 4.10% 14792
2023 4.00% 17997
21686
2028 3.80%
2033 3.60% 25881
2038 3.40% 30591
Source: The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia Results for Amhara Region,
Volume II Analytical Report.
Since Ethiopia isa developing country, geometric progress method is the commonly used
formula to forecast the population at the end of n years. Because the population growth is almost
constant let as see the following figures.

35000
30000
25000
20000
population versus time
15000
10000
5000
0
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Figure 2.1population forecasted

2.5 Water Demand Assessment
In designing the water supply system of the town, it is necessary to determine the total quantity
of water required for various purposes of the town. The demand includes domestic, non-
domestic (commercial, industrial, institutional, public use etc.), demand due to loss (unaccounted
for), animal drinking and fire demand.
Generally, we have the following demands:
a) Domestic water demand
b) Non domestic water demand
 Commercial water demand
 Industrial water demand
 Demands for public use.

c) Animal water demand
d) Unaccounted System Loss and Leakage
e) Fire demand
A) Domestic water demand
Domestic water demand is the daily water requirement for use by human being for different
domestic purposes like drinking, cooking, bathing, gardening, etc. the domestic water demand

required by human being can be supplied or obtained through different modes of services
depending on the economic level and facilities owned by the individual.
The use of water for domestic purposes may be subdivided in various categories:
 For drinking , Food preparation and cooking ,
 Cleaning, washing and personal hygiene
 For vegetable garden watering
 Stock watering, and other uses including waste disposal.
2.5.1 Mode of Service Determination
In the case of water supply system in Ethiopia, there are commonly four modes of services in
which an individual can be served:
 House Connection (HC)
 Yard Connection (YC) and Neighborhood connection (YS)
 Public Taps (PT) and other users.
2.5.2 Capita Demand by mode of Service
The amount of water used per person per day for daily life and activity is known as per capita
water demand and it uses as a base for estimating the domestic water demand of the community.
The average daily per capita water consumption varies widely, such variations depends upon the
differences in climatic conditions, standard of living, extent of sewer system, type of commercial
and industrial activity, water pricing, resort to private supplies, water quality for domestic and
industrial purposes, distribution system pressure, completeness of meter age, and system
management. Individual house connections provide the highest level of service among those. In
the selection of the type of water supply system, finance is usually an important factor, and the
choice also depends on the location, the size of population, economic situation, living standard
and the available water source. Water use and consumption data are frequently expressed in liters
per capita per day (l/c/d).Such data neglects the fact that in a household a considerable part of the
water use is shared by all members of a family (e.g. cooking, cleaning). The demand for different
connections depends on the status of the community or the level of the town.

2.5.3 Projected Per Capita Water Demand by Mode of Service (l/c/d)
In estimating projected per capital water demand corresponding to each mode of service, Water
Works Design and Supervision Enterprise (WWDSE) had adopted the following growth rates.
To calculate the projected water demand by mode of service 3% for house and yard connection
and 2% for public and yard connection is considered. Source: (WWDSE)
HC = 3%, YC = 3%, PT= 2%, YCS =2%
Table 2.5Projected Per Capita Water Demand by Mode of Service (l/c/d
Phase1 Phase 2
Description Unit Rate 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038
house
connection L/c/d 3% 50 58.0 70 81.15 94.07
yard
connection L/c/d 3% 20 23.19 30 34.78 40.32
yard shard L/c/d 2% 30 33.12 40 44.16 48.76
Public tap L/c/d 2% 20 22.08 25 27.60 30.47
Source (WW DSE)
2.5.4 Per capita Domestic Projected Average Water Demand

The projected average per capita domestic water demand for a particular year is obtained by
multiplying the per capita demand in each category for the year. The following table presents the
projected average per capita domestic water demand from the year 2018 up to the end of the
design period.

Table 2.6 Projection of the percentage of population by modes of service

Phase
I Phase 2
YEAR 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038

House
connection (%) 1 4 9 12 13
Yard connection
(%) 20 23 29 33 40
Yard shard (%) 11 10 6 4 3
Public tap (%) 68 63 56 51 44
2.5.5 Population distribution by Mode of services

The socio-economic survey carried out by the study team indicates that most of the population
get piped water for their primary use and it is observed that majority of this connection is
through neighbourhood users and public fountain. They use water at least for drinking and
cooking and they will continue to utilize existing natural source of water as a complimentary
supply for clothes washing and bathing. Only very few population use piped water for the
general use.
The population will be connected to obtain their water either through H.C, Y.C or P.F while the
reminder use from traditional source.
Therefore, many yard connections will be changed to house connections and that the proportion
of house connected people will rise.

Table 2.7population distribution by mode of service

Category Phase 1 Phase 2
Year
2018 2023 2028 2033 2038
HC 148 720 1952 3106 3977
YT 2958 4139 6289 8541 12236
YCS 1627 1800 1301 1035 918
PT 10059 11338 12144 13199 13460
Total 14792 17997 21686 25881 30591
Sample of calculation for the above table, HC= *14792 =148
Table 2.8 Summary of growth in domestic water demand

Year Phase 1 phase 2
demand
category Unit 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038
HC m3/d 7.40 41.73 136.62 252.03 374.11
L/s 0.09 0.48 1.58 2.92 4.33
YT m3/d 59.17 95.97 188.67 297.04 493.34

L/s 0.68 1.11 2.18 3.44 5.71
PT m3/d 201.17 250.36 303.61 364.33 410.19
L/s 2.33 2.90 3.51 4.22 4.75
YCS m3/d 48.81 59.61 52.05 45.72 44.75
L/S 0.56 0.69 0.60 0.53 0.52
Average daily
m3/d
demand 316.55 447.67 680.95 959.12 1322.38
L/S 3.66 5.18 7.88 11.10 15.31
Sample for the above HC=population*per capital demand= (148*50)/ (24*60*60) =0.09L/s

2.6 Climatic and Socio-Economic Adjustment
2.6.1 Climatic Factors

In addition to the per capita water demand and mode of services which influence the quantity of
water consumption, the climate of the area is also directly related to water consumption. Hence,
the consultant considers an adjustment factor, which is taken from previous studies of similar
nature. There are three climatic groups based on mean annual precipitation of the study area. The
climatic groupings and corresponding factors are shown in table below.
Table 2.9 Climatic Adjustment Factors

Group Mean annual Adjusted factor
precipitation
A Less 600 1.1
B 601-900 1.05
C More 900 1
Source :( national water supply and sanitary master plan)
2.6.2 Adjustment due to Socio- Economic Condition

The Socio-economic development and the standard of living also affect the per capita water
consumption. Towns with high/low living standards require an adjustment factor as compared to
towns under normal condition and so on.
Table 2.10Adjustment factors for socio economic conditions
Group Description Adjustment factor
A Town with high living and very high 1.1

potential development
B Town with high potential and lower 1.05
living standard
C Town under normal Ethiopian condition 1.0
D Rural town 0.9
Source: (National water supply and sanitary master plan)

Town under normal Ethiopian condition. Therefore, the adjustment factor will
Table 2.11Adjusted domestic water demand
Year Phase 1 Phase 2
2018 2023 2028 2033 2038
Description Unit
Total domestic
m3/d
demand 316.55 447.67 680.95 959.12 1322.38
L/s 3.66 5.18 7.88 11.1 15.31
socio economic
factor 1 1 1 1 1
climatic factor 1 1 1 1 1
Adjusted domestic
m3/d
demand 316.55 447.67 680.95 959.12 1322.38
L/s 3.66 5.18 7.88 11.1 15.31
Sample calculation Adjusted domestic water=total domestic demand *climatic

factor*socioeconomic factor =316.55*1*1=316.55
B) Non Domestic Demand
It includes public, commercial and Industrial water demands. In general non domestic demand in
most previous studies is taken as 10% of the average daily domestic demand.
Table 2.12Nondomestic water demand
Year
Description Unit 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038
m3/d 316.55 447.67 680.67 959.12 1322.38
adjusted total domestic
L/s
demand 3.66 5.18 7.88 11.1 15.31
nondomestic demands
10% of m3/d 31.66 44.77 68.07 95.91 132.24
adjusted total domestic
demand L/s 0.37 0.52 0.79 1.11 1.53

C) Animal water demand

Domestic animal water demand might be required if there are no perennial river near to the town.
If the river is perennial to the extent that water is available for livestock and the animal demand
is not included in the total demand of water supply. so animal water demand is not included in
this demand assessment.
D) Unaccounted System Loss and Leakage
Allowance must be made in the design for water losses, because no distribution system is
absolutely tight& other unaccounted for water use. The term “unaccounted for” includes,
Water which is not metered at the house connection (administration losses, malfunctioning of
water meters, not allowed water consumption etc.), as well as leakage in the water supply
network& along the transmission lines between the water sources.
These water losses should be taken in to account, while estimating the total water demand.
Table 2.13 Losses as % of Production
Town Start 5year 10 year 15 year 20 year
Large 40% 35% 30% 32.5% 35%
Medium 40% 35% 30% 32.5% 35%

Small 26% 23% 23% 20% 22%
Source: AWRDB

Table 2.6 Uncounted water demand

Unit
Description 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038
Adjusted total
domestic demand M3/d 316.55 447.67 680.95 959.12 1322.38
L/s 3.66 5.18 7.78 11.1 15.31
Losses% of
production 40% 35% 30.00% 32.50% 35%
unaccounted water m3/d
demand 126.62 156.68 204.29 311.71 462.83
L/s
1.46 1.81 2.33 3.61 5.36
E) Fire demand
Water demand for firefighting purposes shall be assessed on a town-by-town basis, depending on
the existence of equipment and the capacity of any firefighting service. Fire hydrants shall be
installed at public and municipality interest such as schools, shops, hospitals, fuel stations and at
salient points of distribution network. This demand is taken by increasing the volume of the
storage tanks by 10 %. The annual volume required for fir fighting purpose is small. However,
during periods of need, the demand may be exceedingly large and in many cases govern the
design of distribution, storage and pumping requirement
2.7 Variation of Water Use
Water use varies from season to season, from day to day and hour to hour. Water requirements in
the dry season are more than in wet season. The use of water is also more during weekends than
working days. More water is also required at rush hours when people come back from work than
on normal working hours. Therefore, to satisfy this variation of demand the average day demand
is scaled up by certain factors to get the maximum day demand and peak hour demand. These
determine the capacities of the water supply system like pump stations, rising main and pipe
distribution networks

2.7.1 Maximum Day Demand

Many communities exhibit a demand cycle that is higher in one day of the week than in others.
This situation shall be taken into account by the use of a peak day factor. The value adopted for
the design of each individual scheme shall be selected according to judicious observance of the
habits of consumers and the knowledge of the community and system operators.
2.7.2 Peak Hour Demand
The water demand is not constant throughout the day and varies greatly over the day. Generally,
the demand is lowest during the night and highest during morning or evening hours of the day.
Moreover, this variation is very high for single dwellings and decreases gradually as population
increases. The ratio of peak hourly demand to average hourly demand is defined as peak factor.
The distribution system must be designed to cope (satisfy or fulfill) with the peak demand, which
is taken into account by the use of a peak hour factor.
Table 2.14 recommended water demand peak factors
Population Size Maximum day factor Peak hour factor
<2,000 2.6
2,000-10,000 1.3-1.5 2.4-2.2
10,000-50,000 2.2-1.8
50,000-80,000 1.2 1.8-1.7
>80,000 <1.7
Source: (amhara water resource and development design enter prise)

Table 2.15Summary of water demand

Year phase 1 phase 2
Description Unit 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038
Adjusted
domestic
demand m3/d 316.55 447.67 680.95 959.12 1322.38
L/s 3.66 5.18 7.8 11.1 15.31
Non domestic
demand m3/d 31.66 44.77 68.1 95.91 132.24
L/s 0.37 0.52 0.8 1.11 1.53
Unaccounted
water demand m3/d 126.62 156.68 204.3 311.71 462.83
L/S 1.46 1.81 2.3 3.61 5.36
ADD m3/d 474.83 649.12 953.3 1366.74 1917.45
L/s 5.49 7.51 10.9 15.82 22.2
MDF 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.40 1.4
PHF 1.9 1.9 1.90 1.9 1.9
MDD m3/d 664.76 908.77 1334.63 1913.44 2684.43
L/s 7.686 10.514 15.26 22.15 31.08
PHD M3/d 902.18 1233.33 1811.289 2596.81 3643.16
L/s 10.43 14.27 20.71 30.06 42.18
Therefore: Maximum daily demand is 15.26L/s for phase 1, 31.08L/s for phase-IIPeak hourly
demand for phase 1is 20.71L/s for phase1, 42.18L /s for phase-II

3 . POTENTIAL WATER SOURCE SELECTIONS AND WELL DESIGN
After estimation of water demand the next step is to search water source which may be able to
supply the required quantity of water at the end of the design period. Choosing suitable water
sources for development into a public water supply largely depends on water demand, that is
choice of water sources for urban cities or rural community is based on different point.
3.1 Water Source Selection

The process of choosing the most suitable source of water for development into a public water
supply largely depends on the local condition. When a spring of sufficient capacity is available,
this may be the most suitable source of supply. When springs are not available, or not suited to
development, generally the best option is exploring ground water resources for small supplies.
The selection of the source of water supply to a town or city depends on the following factors:-
 Location of the water sources
 Quantity of water
 Quality of water
 The cost of the water supply scheme.
3.1.1 Location of the water source

The source should be as near to the town or city as possible. If the surface and ground sources
both are available to a town, then other deciding factors are also taken into account. If the surface
sources like a river, stream or reservoirs are not in the vicinity of the area then underground
source of water is the only alternative.
3.1.2 Quantity of water
The source of water should have ample amount of water to meet up all the demands of the city as
domestic, industrial, fire resistance, public etc, throughout the whole year. It should also meet the
extra quantity of water to be used, in the future if the city is expanded. It should also be able to
meet the maximum demand in dry season (Weather)
3.1.3 Quality of Water
Quality of Water is a measure of how good the water is, in terms of supporting beneficial uses or
meeting its environmental values. Absolutely pure water is never found in nature and contains

number of impurities in varying amounts. The rainwater which is originally pure also absorbs
various gases, dust and other impurities while falling. This water when moves on the ground
further carries salt, organic and inorganic impurities. So this water before supplying to the public
should be treated and purified for the safety of public health, economy and protection of various
industrial processes, it is most essential for the water work engineer to thoroughly check, analyze
and do the treatment of the raw water obtained the sources, before its distribution.
3.1.4 Underground sources of water
Ground water is important source of water supply which has a number of advantages. They may
require no treatment, have uniform temperature thought out the year, are cheaper than
impounding resource and amounts of water available are more certain. Practically speaking it is
not affected by drought in the short run.
3.1.5 Criteria for selecting potential water sources

Appropriate selection of the source determines the adequacy, reliability, good quality (portable)
and sustainability of the potential source. The following criteria are used to select the proper
potential water source for water supply purpose.
 The source has to be sustainable which means the source must be capable of supplying
enough water for the community through the design period.
 The source has to be portable, good quality, for domestic and industrial purposes.
 The quality of water should be wholesome, safe and free from pollution of any kind.
This implies the raw water quality indicates the treatment requirements. For example, most
ground water that is free from objectionable mineralization is both safe and potable and may be
used without treatment. On the other hand surface water is exposed to direct pollution, and
treatment is usually a prerequisite for this development and a drinking water supply.
3.1.6 Ground Water Target Area
Ground water target area is may be defined as followed by mapping of significant lineaments
(qualities) using satellite images and aerial photographs and ground reconnaissance. This should
be followed by geophysical surveys of identified sites, and finally drilling.

The modes of occurrence of ground water, therefore, depend largely upon the type of formation
and geology of the area. The possibility of occurrence of ground water mainly depends upon two
geological factors i.e. the porosity (being able to absorb fluids) and the permeability of the rock.
3.1.7 Advantages of Ground Water for water supply
Ground water is important source of water supply which has a number of advantages. They may
require no treatment, have uniform temperature throughout the year, are cheaper than
impounding reservoirs, and amounts of water available are more certain. Practically speaking
they are not affected by drought in short run, since modern methods of ground water
investigation will permit a close approximation of ground water resources for long- time
production. The selection of source of water is done on the above factors, but that source should
be selected which is big in quantity and good in quality at the comparative least cost. It is true
that when pumping head is large, energy costs may be significantly high. However, if one
considers relatively high investment required for hydraulic structure such as dam, weir, and
pipes, the overall economic pictures will show a clear advantage of ground water.
3.2 Well
Important considerations in locating well site both well location and construction is major
importance in protecting the quality of water derived from a well. Minimum distances from
known potential sources of pollution should be carefully considered in deciding upon well
location. Recommended minimum distances for well sites, under favorable geological
conditions, from commonly encountered potential sources of pollution Conditions are considered
favorable when the earth materials between the well location and the pollution source have the
filtering ability of fine sand. Where the terrain consists of coarse gravel, limestone, or
disintegrated rock near the surface, the distance guides given above are insufficient, and greater
distances will be required to provide safety. Because of the wide geological variations that may
be encountered, it is impossible to specify the distance needed under all circumstances.

Figure 3.1well
3.2.1 Tube Wells

Depending up on mode of water contribution to the borehole from subsoil, the wells are grouped
in to three categories.
 Strainer type tube well
 Cavity type tube well
 Slotted type tube well
3.2.1.1 Strainer type tube well
It is a tube well in which the metal pipe driven in the ground with perforated to allow only clear
water to enter the hole. The perforated pipe extends only for aquifer portions of the formations
while for other portion the pipe kept plain and the bottom of tube well is plugged.
3.2.1.2 Cavity type tube well
In this type of tube the water enter the boreholes through the bottom layer only. It drives the
water from the previous layer under laying the hard impervious layer, therefore, the tube well
taken down until it penetrates the impervious layer and reaches the water bearing strata.
3.2.1.3 Slotted type tube well

When the nature of subsoil is not adaptable for strainer type tube well, slotted type used as a
good alternative. In other words, if the geological formation does not contain sufficient number

of water bearing stratum and contain very thin grain size, it will be advantageous to construct
slotted type rather than strainer type.
Depending up on the entry of the water through a cavity or a screen, the tube wells can be
broadly classified in to the following categories:
 Screened wells
 Screened with gravel pack (gravel packed wells)
 Cavity wells
The wells of the third category can only be used in some special geophysical condition of strata.
The first two are of universal application and are deals with in the following. The aim of both
screened wells and gravel packed wells are to draw clear water from the aquifer without
excessive head loss and at the same time to keep the aquifer material. For obtaining more yield
tube wells are commonly used. These wells essentially consist of blind pipes and strainer pipes,
and their supply of water is from large number of aquifer. Now a day, tube wells are becoming
more and more popular for supplying water to cities, colonies, private state, factories, industrial
areas etc. The depth of the tube wells may vary from 50-500m.
3.2.2 Well location
The well or wells should be located on the highest ground practicable, certainly on ground higher
than nearby potential sources of pollution. The well casing should be carried at least 12 inches
above the elevation of the ground surface at the site and the surface near the site should be built
up, by fill if necessary, so that surface drainage will be away from the well in all directions.
Where flooding is a problem, special well design will be necessary to insure protection of wells
and pumping equipment from contamination and damage during flood periods and to facilitate
operation during a flood. After selecting the borehole site we have to know how many bore holes
are enough to satisfy our Maximum Day demand.
Since, Bore hole yield=25L/sec (given)
Number of bore hole at the end of design period i.e. at 2038.
(BH)No Bore hole =
=31.08l/sec*1]/[25l/sec]=1.24

No Bore hole =2(1existing +1new) that means take One (1) borehole additional which has yield
of 6.08L/S and one wet well is required for the second phase at the end of the design
period@2038 to satisfy the demand.
3.3 Water well design
Well design is the process of specifying the physical material and dimension for a well. This
includes the selection of a suitable material diameter and thickness of pipe. The size of the well
should be properly chosen since it is significantly affects the cost of well construction. It must be
large enough to accommodate the pump that is expected to be required for the head and
discharge (yield) with proper clearance. The diameter must also be chosen to give the desired
percentage of open area in the screen so that the entrance velocities near the screen do not exceed
certain values so as to reduce the well losses and hence the draw down. Good water well design
aim is ensuring an optimum combination of performance and long service life at reasonable cost.
The use of correct sizes of well casing and well screen, choice of good quality materials, and
strength and proper development of the well, will reduce long term power costs due to higher
costs of pumping and maintenance costs and increases the useful life of the well.
The principal objective of good design should ensure
 The highest yield with minimum draw down consistent and aquifer capability.
 Durability of the well so as to coincide with design period.
 Reduction of operation and maintenances cost to a certain extent.
 Good quality of water with proper protection.
3.3.1 Well screen length
The optimum length of well screen is based on the thickness of the aquifer, available draw down
and nature of stratification of the aquifer. In virtually every aquifer, certain zones will transmit
more water than others. Thus, the intake part of the well must be placed in those zones having
the highest hydraulic conductivity.
The basic requirements of well screen are
 It should be resistant to corrosion and deterioration
 It should be strong enough to prevent collapse of a hole
 It should offer minimum resistance to the flow of water etc

3.3.2 Well screen diameter

Screen diameter is selected to satisfy a basic principle: enough open area must be provided so
that the entrance velocity of the water generally not exceed the design standard of 3cm/sec.
screen diameter can be adjusted with in rather narrow limits after the length of the screen and
size of screen opening ( slot size ) have been selected . Well yields are affected by screen
diameter, although increasing the screen diameter has much less in pelt on well yield than
increasing the screen length expected to be required for the head and discharge (yield) with
proper clearance.
Table 3.1 recommended values of screen diameter
Discharge in l\min Recommended screen dia.
In cm
0-475 10
475-1125 15
1125-3000 25
3000-5250 30
5250-9500 35
9500-13300 40
The design discharge is Q = 25L/s

= 25*60 L/min
= 1500 L/min
Therefore the recommended screen diameter is 25cm
3.3.3 Diameter of the well pipe diameters
The diameter of the well pipe (or well tube) depends up on the discharge and permissible
velocity of flow through the perforation or slots of screen. The permissible velocity is usually

limited b/n 1.5 to 4.5 m / sec, based on the gross cross sectional area of the pipe. The cross-
sectional area of the pipe can be determined from the relation:
A= Q/v where Q-yield of the well
V-permissible velocity
Q= 25 L/sec and
Take, V=4m/sec (safe limit)
A= [25*10-3m3\s]/ [3m\s]
A=83cm2 but,
A= πd2/4, d=10.56 cm
Take, d=11cm
3.3.4 Diameter of Bore Hole

The diameter of the bore hole is kept at least 5cm greater than the diameter of the well pipe, so
that the pipe can be easily lowered into the bore hole and gravel packing can be done.
Diameter of the Bore Hole=Diameter of the well pipe + Allowance of 5cm + thickness of gravel
packing (the thickness of gravel pack should not ordinarily be less than 7.5cm)
Therefore, take t=8cm
Db = 11cm + 5cm + 8cm
Db =24cm
Therefore, the diameter of the bore hole will be 24cm.
3.3.5 Casing
3.3.5.1 Selection of Materials

Selection of casing material is based on water quality well depth, cost, borehole diameter,
drilling procedure etc. The types of casing used in water well construction are steel,
thermoplastic, fiber glass, concrete, etc. In our case stainless steel is selected because it had high
tensile strength, simple for installation and has zero water absorption.
3.3.5.2 Casing diameter

The size of casing diameter should be properly chosen since it significantly affects the cost of the
construction. The diameter of the casing is chosen to satisfy three requirements.

The diameter of the casing must be sufficient to accommodate the required discharge form the
well
The casing must be large enough for installation and efficient operation of the pump with enough
clearance.
Table 3.2 recommended casing diameter with various yields
Anticipated well Nominal size of Size well casing (cm)
yield L/min pump bowl (cm) Minimum Optimum
< 400 10 12.5 15
400 – 600 12.5 15 20
600 – 1400 15 20 25
1400 – 2200 20 25 30
2200 – 3000 25 30 35
3000 – 4500 30 35 40
4500 – 6000 35 40 50
6000 – 10000 40 50 60
From the given test data the proposed site for development of well is 25L/s which are 1500
L/min.
From the given well yield and casing diameter relationship the recommended optimum size of
casing hill is 30cm.

4 PUMP DESIGN
The primary function of a pump is to add hydraulic energy to certain values of fluid. This is
accomplished which the mechanical energy imparted to the pump from a power source is
transferred to the fluid, there by becoming hydraulic energy. Thus, a pump serves to transfer
energy from a power source to a fluid, thereby creating flow or simply creating greater pressures
on the fluid. Pumps are installed in water wells to lift the water to the ground surface and deliver
it to the point of use. Many types and sizes of pumps are available, ranging in power from a
fraction of one horse power to the several thousand horse power.
A pump is a mechanical device which converts the mechanical energy supplied to hydraulic
energy &transfers the liquid through the pipe line there by increasing the energy of the flowing
liquid. In a water supply works pumps are required for the following reasons:
 To lift water from its sources to an elevated installation such as reservoirs and elevated
tanks
 To lift water from a low water demand area to a high water demand area
 To lift water to upper floors of multistory (having more than one story) buildings
 To supply water under pressure directly to the consumers, for pumping chemical solutions
at treatment plant.
4.1 Pump Selection Criteria
For proper selection of pump,we should consider the following points
 Number of pump units required
 Capacity of pump
 Discharge conditions
 Total head
 Location geographical, in door, outdoor elevation etc.
After having the idea of essential data on the pump installation, the following points may be ket
in mind while selecting any pumping machinery for water works.
4.2 Submersible pump
It is the modification on the deep well pump as the name indicates this, electric motor and pu
mp both are submersed in the water .By submersing electric motor,large economy can be made

by avoiding long shaft, large number of bearing (the direction or path) and large size
ofrising main etc.
4.2.1 Installation of Submersible pump
Before a submersible pump is installed, the motor must be filled with clean non acidwater(not
distilled water) free from sand for the purpose of pump.Generally, submersible pumps are instal
led three to four meters below down water lable.
4.3 Pumping Design Parameter Capacity
Pumps are mechanical equipment’s that are used for lifting water from lower position to a higher
position. The capacity of a pump is the volume of liquid pumped per unit of time which usually
is measured in liter per second or cubic meters.
4.3.1 Head
In pump system the head refers to both pump systems having one or more pumps and
corresponding piping system. The height to which a pump can raise liquid is the pump head and
the head required to overcome the losers in a pipe system at a given flow rate is the system head.
The head against which the pump must work when water is being pumped is called total dynamic
head.
4.3.2 Efficiency
The pump should be selected to operate near its peak efficiency point. In typical water supply
applications, pumps operate over a bond of head conditions. Therefore they cannot operate at
their peak efforts all the time.
4.3.3 Shut off and Run out
Continued operation condition will result in damage to the pump from overheating. The higher
discharge head can damage pipes and valves from excessive pressure and higher power
requirements can overload pump driver.
4.4 Pumping power calculation
To calculate or design the pumping power we have to first know the total head i.e. losses and
elevation differences between the places.
The total head against which the pump should work includes static head against total loss of head
due to friction, entrance, exits etc. in suction and raising
mains.Q=31.08*24/16=46.62L/sec=0.04662m3/sec for phase II
Q=15.26*24/16 =22.89L/sec=0.02289m3/sec for phase I For raiser pipe

Total head = delivery head + friction head +suction head
Delivery head =elevation of reservoir – elevation of bore hole + recommended pump position
= 1617.801m-1493.485+90 =214.316m
For head loss Hazzen William formula of Hf= is taken as
Friction head loss = (10.7 * L* Q1.85)/ (C1.85 * D4.85) , Where,

L=length of raising main
Q= discharge in m3/se
C=constant (Hazzen William)
D= diameter of raising main in m
Hf = [10.7*2153.471*(0.0466)1.85]/ (1301.85*0.254.85)
= 8.1m
a) Head loss for Riser pipe (well pipe) = (10.7*L*Q1.85)/ (C1.85*D4.87)= (10.7*90*0.04662^1.85)/
(130^1.85*0.11^4.87) =18.97m
Where L= pump Position
Q= discharge in m3/sec
C= constant (Hazzen William)
D= diameter of riser pipe (Riser pipe for borehole: GS (galvanized steel) heavy grade
total head lose =8.1m+18.97=27.07m
minerlosse take10%of friction head losse =10%*27.07m= 2.707m
Total head =H = friction head loss +delivery head +well friction losse+minor loses
HT=8.1m +214.316m+18.97m +2.707m =244.1 m
4.5 Pumping power calculation
Since hydroelectric power is cheaper as compared to other power sources, our pumping system
will be operated by it. Diesel engines have to be provided to cope with electric power failure.
Power of pump is determined using the empirical formula as follows
P= ρ *g*Q*Ht
9.81*1000*22.89*244.4 =54.2KW (for phaseI)
P= [9.81*1000 *(4.662*10-2)*244.1m] =110.4KW (for phaseII)

Determination of motor power

The electric motor can be determined by dividing the pump power to the electric motor
efficiency.
Pm= = =67.75KW (for phase I)
Pm= = = 138KW, take motor efficiency =80%

Determine the generator power
The generator power should be exceeds from 30% to 50% of the electric motor power, take 1.5
1.5*67.75KW=101.6KW (phase I)
Gp =1.5*138 KW =207KW (PhaseII)
4.6 Economical Diameter Transmission or Raising Mains
For pumping a particular fixed discharge of water, it can be pumped through bigger diameter
pipe at low velocity or through lesser diameter pipe at very high velocity. But, if the diameter of
the pipe is increased, it will lead to the higher cost of the pipe line. On the other hand if the
diameter of the pipe is reduced, the increased velocity will lead to higher frictional head loss and
will require more horse power for the required pumping, thereby increasing the cost of pumping.
The raising main is designed to convey economically the required maximum day demand by
considering 16 hour pumping rate .Water will be supplied from bore hole to service reservoir.
The raising main will be DCI pipe with DN 250 mm, and has total length of 2153.471 m.The
rising main from well to main service reservoir is designed to convey the maximum demand of
which corresponds to year 2038 of an area where it gets water from the well. For obtaining the
optimum conditions , it is at most necessary to design the diameter of the pumping main, which
will be overall most economical in initial cost as well as maintenance cost for pumping the
required quantity of water .The following formula given by Lea is commonly used in
determining the diameter of the raising mains.
D = 0.97 to 1.22 Q , take D= 1.1 Q ,its average

Where, D = Economical diameter of pipe in meters
Q = Required discharge of water to be pumped in m3/sec@ 2038
D=1.1Q1/2=1.1 (0.04662)1/2=237mm ~250mm (Market available)

Then we use a diameter of raising main 250mm to decrease the loss and it is market available
check the velocity as follow that must be between 0.6m/s and 1.5m/s.
Experience shows that a pipe designed to flow at a velocity between 0.6 and 1.5 m/sec,
Source: (MoWR, 2006).Check the velocity
V=Q/A, A=Πd2/4=3.14*0.252/4=0.0491m
V=0.04662/0.0491=0.9502m/sec so, it is safe because for DCI pipe velocity is between 0.6 and
1.5m/sec Layout of raising main passes mostly through farmer’s private lands and main road
side, it should be below ground. A trench about 60*80 cm size should be excavated along the
alignment. In the project area there is river and road crossing. The road crossing pipe in the
rising and distribution are crossing gravel road and this is no need of detail.

5 DESIGN OF SERVICE RESERVOIR
Distribution reservoir is also called service reservoir. Service reservoirs are used for storing the
treated water with in or near to the demand (distribution) area, distributing the treated water to
the customers. They are also designed to meet the water demand during fire break, pumps
failure, repair, etc and used to balance the hourly fluctuation of water demand. Water storage
requirements should take in to consideration of the peak daily water uses and maximum hourly
demand, the capacity of the normal and stand by pumping equipment, the availability and
capacity of auxiliary power, the probable duration of power failure and promptness with which
repairs can be made, and to furnish water for such emergencies as firefighting or accidental break
downs. Additional considerations are land use, topography, pressure need, distribution system
capacity and demand.
5.1 Functions of Service Reservoir:
 To balance the fluctuating demand from the distribution system

 To important meet peak demand
 To provide a supply during failure or shut down of the treatment plant, pumps or trunks
main leading to the reservoir
 To eliminate the necessary of continuous pumping
 To give a suitable pressure for the distribution system and reduce pressure fluctuation.
 To provide a reserve of water to meet fire and other emergency demands.
5.2 DesignCapacity
The required reservoir capacity is determined by using
mass curve methods tosatisfy the peak hour demand of the population.
To plot mass curve diagram first we should have calculate the cumulative hourly supply and
cumulative hourly demand.
Hourly Supply =maximum daily demand/pumping hour=1334.63/16hr=83.41m3/hr.
Hourly demand= maximum daily demand/24hr=1334.63/24hr=55.61m3/hr. but since the demand
through 24hr is different we should multiply by hourly factor in order to balance supply and
demand.
Analytical method for phase I

So let us calculate the reservoir capacity as follows

Maximum demand=289.22m3
Maximum supply=134.01m3
Capacity of reservoir =289.22m3+134.02m3 =423.23m3
Take 10% of capacity of reservoir for fire demand=10%*423.23m3=42.32m3
Total capacity of reservoir =423.23m3+423.23m3 =465.55m3 ~470m3 for safety.
Mass curve method
1600.00 maximum demand
1400.00
1200.00
1000.00 maximum
supply Cumulative Hourly
800.00
Demand (m3)
600.00 Cumulative Hourly
Supply(m3)
400.00
200.00
0.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Time in (Hr)
Figure 5.1Reservoir volume detrmination
Maximum demand=289.22m3
Maximum supply= 50.6m3
Capacity of reservoir =289.22m3+50.6m3 =339.82m3
Take 10%of capacity of reservoir for fire demand=10%*339.82m3 =33.98m3
Total capacity of reservoir =339.82m3+33.98m3 =373.8m3
Provide for safety 380m3 but since there is no form work for constructing reservoir so we use
400m3.
Simple Method

Total storage = 1/3MDD at the end of the year 2028

= *1334.63*24/16 =667.315m3
Take 10% of capacity of reservoir for fire demand =10%*667.317m3 =66.73m3

Total capacity of reservoir =667.317m3+66.73m3=734.05m3~740m3
Generally, we can conclude at this time the most accurate and economical method of
determining reservoir capacity is mass curve method for phase I. By using similar methods of
calculation we have the following for phase II. 760m3, 600m3, 134m3 reservoir capacity by
analytical, mass curve and simple method respectively. So there should be 600m3-400m3=200m3
reservoir capacities will be constructed for the second phase.
5.3 Reservoir Type

5.3.1 Surface reservoirs
Which have little or no elevation above the ground and which are usually constructed from
reinforced cement concrete they can be circular or rectangular in shape. Circular and surface
Reservoir is chosen for the design of Bora town water supply because the elevation of the
distribution area is too lower than reservoir elevation. Due to its effectiveness, fixed base type
design of the circular reservoir selected.
5.3.2 Position and Accessories of Service Reservoirs
The service reservoir is to be provided with:
 Inlet Pipe: for entry of water
 Ladder: to reach the top of the reservoir and then to the bottom, for inspection and cleaning.
 Man Holes: for providing entry to the inside of the reservoir, for inspection and cleaning.
 Outlet Pipe: for the exit of water
 Out Flow Pipe: for the exit of water above full supply level.
 Vent Pipe: for free circulation of air
 Wash Out Pipe: for removing water after cleaning the reservoir.
 Water Level Indicator: to know the level of water inside the reservoir from outside.
Position Of Service Reservoir: Point which should be considered where locating service
reservoir:

Out flow
INFIOW
Figure5.2accessory of reservoir
5.4 Structural Design of Service Reservoirs
From circular and rectangular shape of service reservoir, we adopt circular reservoir for our
design, because of the following reasons: In a circular reservoir, small moment and shear force in
the slab will accommodate the horizontal water pressure against the lower part of the wall. In the
upper part of the wall, the horizontal water pressure will be countered by the hoop tension force
in the wall. In circular reservoir, the sheer force is smaller than the rectangular reservoir so it is
also more economical to construct circular reservoirs.
5.4.1 Reservoir Design Consideration
The primary purpose of design is to achieve acceptable probabilities that the structure being
designed will not become unfit in any way for the use it is intended. To accommodate the
required amount of water and to ensure water tight structure, the reservoir must be designed
using reinforced cement concrete that accounts for tensile forces as well as those due to bending.
The different types of reservoirs depending on the geometry (Circular and Rectangular), supports
(resting on the ground, underground and elevated), and end restraints (free sliding, hinged and
fixed at top and/or base) should be compared and selected based on their suitability and
economic condition during the design of water containing reservoirs. The design has to take
careful account of the construction methods to be used. The requirements for the elastic design
method are listed as follows.

Concrete grade class as C- 30 with a minimum cement content of 330 kg/m3 and has maximum
water cement ratio (W/C) = 0.55, but the concert should not be more than the maximum cement
content to keep the shrinkage down.
Minimum cover = 40mm
Maximum bar spacing = 300mm
The allowable tensile stresses in concrete than control cracks in concrete grade of C-30 shall be
1.44 N/mm2 and 2.02 N/mm2 due to direct tension and bending respectively.
The allowable tensile stress of steel is taken as100 N/mm2 using deformed bars for alternate
wetting and drying exposure conditions.
The maximum steel area in each of the two directions at right angle are 0.3% of the concrete area
(0.15% near each face) for deter med bars
5.4.2 Structural Detail Design of Service Reservoir for Bora town
Type: Fixed base and free ends at the top of the wall, shear force and bending moments are zero,
and at the base of the wall, slope and deflection is zero.
Table 5.1Height of reservoir
Size (m3) Depth of water (m)
Up to 3500 2.5 – 3.5
3500 – 1500 3.5 – 5 .0
Over 15,000 5.0 – 7.0
Source: (MOWR)
Let’s take class I (C-30) concrete and steel strength S-300MPA
Assume thickness at the bottom = 230mm
At the top =200mm
tavg= (230+200)/2=215mm
Capacity of reservoir =380m3 but no form work available for it use 400m3 for form work
standard.
Height of reservoir (depth of water) = 3.47m
Assumed free board = 0.3m
Total height of reservoir = 3.47m+0.3m =3.77m

D2H
V= 
4
400m3=
D=11.8m~12m
For determining internal forces of the tank wall of fixed base and free top tank coefficients are
available in standard tables for a given .In EBCS 1
The value of =4.667m~5m
Table 5.2Coefficients for vertical moments in circular reservoirs

0.1H 0.2H 0.3H 0.4H 0.5H 0.6H 0.7H 0.8H 0.9H 1H
5 0.00 0.000 0.0016 0.0029 0.004 0.0059 0.005 0.002 - -

01 8 6 9 8 0.0058 0.02
2
Table 5.3Coefficient for hoop tension

0H 0.1H 0.2H 0.3H 0.4H 0.5H 0.6H 0.7H 0.8H 0.9H
5 0.025 0.137 0.245 0.346 0.428 0.477 0.409 0.398 0.259 0.092
Source: Considering alternative exposure of wetting and drying the allowable stress based on
BS: 5337(elastic design method
For strength design Assuming, simply supported around edge allowable stresses used for
strength calculation
 fs, allow= 100N/mm2 (c-30Mpa) (direct tension)

 fc, allow=11N/mm2 (due to bending)
 n=15 ratio of modules elasticity
 For no crack design
 fct, allow=2.02N/mm2 (due to bending)
 fct, allow=1.444N/mm2 (due to direct tension)

Hoop Reinforcement:
For the depth b/n 0.0h to 0.5h, (form max.Water level).
Water level form the above table, t is maximum at a depth 0.5H
Thmax (hoop tension) = αt , Where, t = Hoop tension coefficient.
From the above table t (coefficient.) is max at 0.5h

I.e. t =0.477 ,
Thus: TH (max.) =0.477*9.81*3.47*12/2
= 97.42KN-m
Assuming exposure of alternate wetting &drying:
fs, allow = 100N/mm2 for deformed steel bar.
Then, Area of hoop steel
As (Hoop) = = =974.2mm2
Check trial thickness for no crack

fct, allow = 1.44N/mm2 (subjected to direct tension)
(Modular ratio) n=15
fct = ( )
Act-Area of concrete and steel= (total area) for one strip) = b* Tavg.
=1m*tavg= 1000*215=215000 mm2
fct = ( )
=0.43N/mm2
fct = 0.43 fct, allow = 1.44 N/mm2………….OK

Thickness if adequate for no-crack
Then spacing of 16 bars,
S= = =206mm where, b=1m=1000mm
Number of bar=As/as=974.2/200.96=4.85~5
Provide 5 16 hoop steel @ 200mmc/c placed in one layer applied for a depth 0.0h to 0.5h.
Vertical Reinforcement
a) Negative vertical reinforcement
(-ve) M max = - αt

Where m = Moment coefficient ( m=-0.022)

=-0.10335*9.81*3.473=-9.02KN-m/m
Check thickness of wall for flexure
Fc, allow = 11N/mm2 (for C – 30 M pa),n = 15
Fs, allow = 100N/mm2 alternate wetting & drying.
Max design constants for single Reinforcement.
Kb = =0.6226, jb= (1- ) =0.7924
Rb = *0.6226*0.7924 =2.7136
Check wall thickness for single Reinforcement
Dreq =√ =√ =57.65mm
Assuming 40mm cover and -12 bars.

Dreq=57.65+40+12/2=103.65mm<Ttrial (avg) =215mm……….OK
Treq=dreq +cover +
=103.65mm +40mm +12/2 =149.65mm<Tassumed.....OK, thickness is adequate.
Use t=215mm
d= (215-40-6) =165mm
(-ve)As = = = 689.88mm2
= =163.85mm <215……………..ok
Number of bar=As/as=689.88/113.04=6.1~7
Provide 12 vertical steel bars @ 215mm c/c placed on water face.
b Positive vertical Reinforcement
(Ve) M max = αm+ Where m =Max. Moment coefficient at depth 0.6h
( m=0.0059)
=0.0059*9.81*3.473=2.42KN-m/m
(Ve)As = = =185.1 mm2

2
Asmin=
(+ve) As = 645mm2
S= = =175.3mm <215mm take the ma spacing
Number of bar=As/as=645/113.04=5.7~6
Provide 6 12 vertical steel bars @ 215mmc/c placed on outer face.
Design of base slab
Assuming, simply supported around edge allowable stresses used for strength calculation
Fc, allow = 11N/mm2 (c-30Mpa)
Fs, allow = 130N/mm2 (continuous liquid contact S-300), n = 15
Design constant of balanced section for flexural wall
→ Kb = =0.56 , r= =130/11 where Kb, jb and r are
working stress design constants
jb=(1- )=0.8136
Rb= = N/mm2
Load on base slab:
Shear at the base of wall
Table 5.4Coefficient for shear at base
4 4.137 5
Coeff. 0.245 0.231 0.234
Assume t = 400mm
= =2.51, α =0.234from table of EBCS 1
Th = 0.234*9.81*3.47 = 7.97KN/m2
Wd=t*yc+hwater*9.81
Wd = 0.4*24 +3.47*9.81 = 43.64KN,
Mr =Mo= = =294.6KN-m
Mθ= =196.4KN-m
Dreq=√ =√ =342.8mm
Take 40 as concrete cover

Treq = dreq + 40 + 10 = 342.8 +40 + 10 = 392.8mm
deff = 400 – 40 – 20/2 = 350mm
Area of steel perimeter width for Mr = Mo at center
As= = =7964mm>Asmin
Take As=Asmax=7964mm
S=
S =314*1000/7964mm = 39.43mm~40mm
Number of bar=As/as=7964mm /314=25.36~26
Provide 26 20 @c/c 40mm placed at the edge of the bottom slab .
Provide26 20 @c/c 40mm
Figure 5.3Detail of base slab bottom reinforcements

Development length of 26 bars:
Fctd = 0.35(fc) 0.5/1.5 = 0.35*(11)0.5/1.5=0.77KN/mm2
Fbd = 2*fctd = 2*0.77KN/mm2 = 1.54KN/mm2
Ld=fyd*ϕ/4*fbd=260.87*20/4*1.54= 846.98mm,fyd=fyk/1.15=300/1.15=260.87 Mpa
Check thickness for shear
Vmax=
Vmax= =130.92 KN-m
Vc = 0.4*fctd*(1+50σ)*(b*d)
VC = 0.4*1.278*(1+50*0.0193)*(1000*350)
= 351.57KN-m

VC >Vmax ……………. 351.57>159.29 is ok, the thickness is adequate for shear.
Roof Slab Design

The design of circular roof slab which is simply supported by the circular wall for an effective
diameter,
Deff= internal diameter + (wall thickness)*2
= 12 + 2 * 0.215=12.43m
Assume thickness of slab, t = 200mm
Load on the slab per m2 = D.L + L.L
DL = own wt., L.L = 1kN/m2 (assumed), D.L = 0.20*25 = 5kN/m2
Thus, the design load on the slab,
Wd=1.3*D.L+1.6*L.L =1.3*5+1.6*1
=8.1KN/ m2
Design of Bending Moments
a) At the edge:
Mr = radial moment, Mr = 0
Mᶿ = circumferential moment, Mᶿ=WD*r2/8= 8.1*(62)/8=36.45 kNm
b) At the centre
Mr = Mᶿ = 3Wd*r2/16 = 3*8.1*(62)/16=54.7kNm
The maximum radial and circumferential moments occur at the centre of the slab i.e.
Mr = Mᶿ= Mmax= 54.7kNm
Then, check thickness for single reinforcement:-
a) For roof cover
C -30 (fcd= 13.6 N/mm2), S =300Mpa (fyd= 260.87 N/mm2), μmax= 0.34, Ѡmax = 0.437
dreq=√ =√ =109mm
Dreq=109mm
Using ø16 bars and cover of 15mm
Treq= dreq+ 15 + 16/2= 109 + 15 + 8= 132mm< t assume
The trial thickness is adequate.
Use t = 200mm

d = 200-15-8 = 177mm
(+ve) As = = =1417mm2
Spacing of bars
S=
= = =
Number of bar=As/as= 7.051~8

Provide 8ø16mm bars @ 140mm c/c placed at the bottom of the slab in the form of mesh
need to be provided. At top of the slab, minimum reinforcement recommended by the code
should be provided (i.e. s = 300mm)
HDPE FOR
out let pipe
Figure 5.4section view of reservoir

6 DISTRIUTION SYSTEM AND WATER TREATMENT

6.1 Treatment
There will be situations where treatment of the water is necessary to render it fit for drinking and
domestic use. The provision of any form of treatment in a water supply system will require a
capital outlay that may be relatively substantial. More important it will greatly expand the
problem of maintaining the water supply system, and the risks of failure. Some water treatment
processes are easier to operate and maintain than other, but all need regular supervision and
attention.
When designing a water treatment plant, the operational and maintain once requirements are key
factors that must be considered carefully.
6.1.1 Purpose of water treatment
To convert the water taken from a ground or surface source, the “row water “in to a drinking
water suitable for domestic use
 To remove pathogenic organisms, toxic substances such as heavy metals causing health
hazards.
 To eliminate the corrosive properties of water that affects the conduit pipe.
 To remove the dissolved gasses and color of water.
 To remove all the undesirable impurities, to the extent where they do not cause any
trouble to human health and water is available to the consumers as per health standards.
 To remove color, dissolved gasses, and murkiness of water.
 To kill the troublesome bacteria
6.2 Dosage of chlorine
Dosage will depends up on the character of water& may be 0.25 to 0.5mg/l in order to obtain
available residual as the water leaves the plans greater residuals will probably be needed as it is
desired to hold disinfecting effect throughout the distribution.
Usually it refers to the addition of chlorine to the water after all other treatment. The calcium
hypochlorite solution used for this project has 75% of available chlorine assumed.
Design discharge =1334.63m3/day=0 .01545 m3/sec(phase I)
Design discharge =2684.4363m3/day =0.0311545 m3/sec (phase I)
Chlorine dose required =1.5mg/liter (assumed)

Quantity of chlorine required =1.5*15.45*3600*24 = 2.002Kg/day (phaseI)

Quantity of chlorine required = 1.5*31.15*3600*24= 4.037002Kg/day (phaseII)
Since we have assumed bleaching powder (calcium hypo chlorite) contains 70% available
chlorine, It means that 75 kg of chlorine is available from 100 kg of bleaching powder; therefore
the amount of bleaching powder =2.002*100/75 =2.67kg/day (phaseI)
= 4.037*100/75 =5.38kg/day (phaseII)
Requirement of bleaching powder per year = 2.67kg/d *365 =974.55kg/year (PhaseI)
= 5.38 kg/d *365 =1964.6755kg/ye55kg/year (Phase II).
6.3 Distribution system
After the water has reached to the service reservoir, it becomes necessary to distribute it to a
number of houses, industries and public places by means of network of distribution system. The
distribution systems consist of pipes of various sizes, valves, meters, distribution reservoirs,
pumps, hydrants etc. the pipe lines carry water to each and every street and road. Valves control
the flow of water through the pipes. Meters are provided to measure the quantity of water
consumed by the individual as well as by the town. Hydrants are provided to connect the water to
the firefighting equipment during fine accident. Service connection is done to connect the
individual building with the water line passing through the streets. Pumps are provided to pump
the water to the elevated service reservoir or directly in the water mains to obtain the required
pressure in the pipe lines. The layout of the roads and the elevation of the town also considered
to select the layout of the distribution systems respectively the following are the requirement of a
good distribution system.
 The water should reach to every consumer with the required pressure head.
 Sufficient quantity of reacted water should reach for the domestic and industrial use.
 The distribution system should be economical and easy to maintain and operate.
 It should be able to transport sufficient quantity of water during emergency such as
firefighting.
 The quality of the pipe should be good and it should not burst.
 It should be water-tight and the water losses due to leakage should be minimum as
much as possible.

 For efficient distribution it is required that water should reach to every consumers with
required rate of flow. Therefore, some pressure in pipe lines is necessary which should
force the water to reach at every place.
Table 6.1The diameter of pipe used in distribution
PN16 PN16
OD Thickness ID
32.0 3.4 25.2
50 5.2 39.6
75 7.6 59.8
90 9.2 71.6
110 11.1 87.8
125 12.7 99.6
315 31.6 251.8
6.3.1 Pipe Material Selection

Pipes are made from different materials like cast iron, wrought iron, asbestos, steel, plastic etc.
so that the material should be selected keeping in mind the following points:-
 Strength, durability & life of pipe
 Carrying capacity of the pipe
 Ease of transportation, handling & installation
 Maintenance cost, repair etc.
 Comparative cost of alternative pipes
 Weather condition of the area
 Geologic formation of the pipe route
 Expected internal and external pressure in the pipe
The pipe material which fulfills the above criteria and also gives less cost will be selected
because it
will be most economical. For Bora water supply project HDPE pipes are selected for the
distribution

System for the following reason. It is the most commonly used plastic pipe for supplying the
mains water to a dwelling HDPE.
 is durable
 is corrosion resistant
 has good flow characteristics
 is lightweight and flexible
 is easy to install
 has a good bending radius
 is inexpensive
 Requires few fittings.
DCI pipes are used from the borehole to the service reservoir due to its strength, resistance
to load & long life
Figure6.1DCI and HDPE pipe
6.3.2 Nodal Pressure Requirements and Flow Velocities
The operating pressures in the distribution network shall be as follows:

As a rule, a minimum of 10mH2o and maximum possible pressure does not exceed 100 mH20
head is considered during peak hour demands. However, in exceptional and rural water supply
cases, depending on the topography of the area, lower pressures may be permitted, but not less
than 5m. A maximum of 170mH20m head, and a minimum of15 mH20 in the distribution system,
particularly during minimum flow conditions. A minimum flow Velocities of 0.2m/s and
maximum of 3m/s considered during peak hour demands.

6.3.3 Depth of Pipelines

The criteria governing the depth at which pipes are laid are, on the one hand, protection and
safety of the pipeline, and on the other hand, easy maintenance and avoidance of excessive earth
pressure and live load due to traffic. Mains laid in rocky conditions may have a minimum cover
of 60 cm, or could be surface laid if security and anchorage concerns are properly addressed.
Table 6.2recommended cover depth

Pipe Material Depth Cover (cm)
DCI 80
Galvanized Steel (GS) 80
HDPE 80
Source: Amhara design enterprise

6.4 Methods of distribution
6.4.1 Gravity distribution system
This is possible when the source of the supply is at some elevation above the city so that
sufficient pressure can be maintained in the mains for domestic and fire service. This is the most
reliable method if the conduit leading from source to city is adequate in size and well safe .This
system is the overall best system. Since the elevation of the reservoir is higher than the elevation
of the town and also it is economical efficient and reliable, so the distribution system for Bora
town gravity system will be recommended. For efficient distribution it is required that water
should reach to every consumer with required rate of flow. Therefore, some pressure in pipelines
is necessary to force the water to reach at every node. This can be done by one of the following
methods, as local conditions or other considerations may dictate (prescribe).
6.4.2 Layout of Distribution system
The layout of the distribution is dual system that is from source to reservoir is pump system and
from reservoir to the town is gravity system.

6.4.2.1 Dead end or tree system

In this system a main starting from the reservoir is laid along the main road and sub mains are
taken off from it along roads joining the main road. Branches and distributors are taken off from
the sub main along streets and lanes joining the road service connections are made from these
branches.
This system is suitable for towns develops in irregular manner and has the advantages of cheap
initial cost, simple design calculation and easy extension of the system when desired.
The main disadvantages of this system are: the supply will be cut off if repair work is carried on
the main or sub mains, there are dead ends which may contaminate the supply and it is difficult
to meet the fire demand during repair. After considering the layout of Bora rural town and
comparing the above advantages the Dead end or tree system is adopted for the layout of pipes.
Figure 6.2Distribution layout

6.5 Appurtenances in the Distribution System
The various devices fixed along the water distribution system are known as appurtenances.
Appurtenances are different devices used for controlling the flow of water, for preventing
leakage and other similar purposes in the distribution system. In the distribution system various
types of valves like pressure relief valves, check valves & gate valves are to be used in the
distribution system when the condition necessitates their use.
The following appurtenances are used for this distribution system:

 Water meter
 Valves
6.5.1 Water Meter
These are the devices which are installed on the pipes to measure the quantity of water flowing at
a particular point along the pipe. The readings obtained from the meters help in working out the
quantity of water supplied and thus the consumers can be charged accordingly. The water meters
are usually installed to supply water to industries, hotels, big institutions etc. metering Prevents
the wastage of purified water.
6.5.2 Types of Valves
In water works practice, to control the flow of water, to regulate pressure, to release or to admit
air, prevent flow of water in opposite direction valves are required.
Check Valves (CVs): are used to maintain flow in only one direction by closing when the flow
begins to reverse.
Flow Control Valves (FCVs): FCVs are used to limit the maximum flow rate through the valve
from upstream to downstream.
Pressure Reducing Valves (PRVs): Pressure reducing valves are often used for separate pressure
zones in water distribution networks. These valves prevent the pressure downstream from
exceeding a specified level in order to avoid pressures that could have damaging effects on the
system.
Pressure Sustaining Valves (PSVs): Pressure sustaining valves maintain a specified pressure
upstream from the valve. Similar to the other regulating valves, these are often used to ensure
that pressures in the system (upstream, in this case) will not drop to unacceptable levels.
Pressure Breaker Valves (PBVs): Pressure breaker valves create a specified head loss across the
valve.
6.6 Computer Analysis of the distribution system
The simulation of the distribution system was done using water cad. It was carried out for
extended period analysis by taking in to consideration the hourly demand fluctuation pattern on
average and maximum day. The analysis began by feeding assumed diameters of the pipe, pipe
material, pipe length; and the pressure, velocity and head loss are checked for peak & average
flow. The results of this analysis are shown in the appendix.

6.7 Public Fountains

The total number of public fountains, which are required for household consumption, has been
limited considering the walking distance or the number of population but in this case as the
dwellers are living in nearby the second approach, is preferred and hence a total of 23 water
point including the schools, mosques etc.

7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS (EIA)

7.1 General
It is obvious that environment is every complicate system consisting of physical biological and
socio economical system, and then construction of Bora water supply results in a variety of
impacts: Both beneficial and adverse on environment. The negative impact could be improved if
an effective environmental impact assessment (EIA) is implemented at an early age of project
planning and design. If however a development is not assessed for its likely impact, it may cause
serious social and health problem. It is therefore, Impediment to realize the close interactions
between development and their environment consequences and incorporate on environmental
impact assessment in to decision making as interpret component in the design project, rather
than something utilized after the design phase is completed.
7.2 Objectives of the EIA
 The main objectives of EIA are:
 To identify potential environmental problems of the project area;
 To assess negative as well as positive impacts of the proposed water supply project;
 To propose mitigation or alleviation measures for the adverse impacts and enhancing
measures for the positive impacts
To reduce the problem of interruption and decreasing of yields of the existing water supply it is
better to lay pipes part by part.
To prevent the soil erosion due to digging of truncated for pipe lying, disturbed top soil should
be pressured and restored with adequate precaution.
The impact of noise can be limited by imposing maximum noise levels on the contact and by
restoration of working hourly particularity with respect to locally recognized days of rest.
For the traffic obstacle problem, the works should be facilitated as possible.

7.2.1 Positive impacts of the water supply project

Provision of potable water supply whether from the ground or surface source has the following
benefits
 Improve the health and life standard of the people: Proper implementation of the
proposed water supply project would improve the health and life standard of the people.
 Providing clean potable water avoid most of the water born diseases, which are
prevalent in the town.
 Improve personal hygiene & sanitation: Provision of good potable water help to keep
personal hygiene of the town residents.
 It provides enough water for bathing and washing clothes
 Provide better quality and sustainable water supply for the town
 Provide job opportunity for skilled and unskilled manpower
 Reduce time spent for fetching of water, particularly by women, and conversely
increase time available for other activities.
7.2.2 Negative impacts of the proposed water supply project
a) Construction phase
Negative health impacts from the creation of pools of water during the construction
 Disturbance in soil strata due to the laying of pipes resulting in erosion
 Noise and dust during the construction
 Loss of land due to access road construction
b) Operation phase
 Unstable exploitation of ground water or decline of yield over time due to over-pumping
or locating tube wells inadequate spacing
 Risk of contamination of water from openings and leakage in pipelines
 Risk of ground water pollution through encroachment of people into the well field, and
improper use of toilets and waste disposal systems.
 Improper disposal of used oil from generators
 Negative health impact, mainly malaria due to excess water and improper handling of
public and private water taps

7.3 Mitigation measures

Mitigation measures are actions that minimize the negative environmental impacts of a proposed
action. Negative impacts are the environmental “Problem” and mitigation is the “solution” in an
EIS. It is a difficult to have a solution for all environmental problems however, and mitigation is
discussed in by the country as required where “practicable “and where it is feasible case the
impact by repairing, rehabilitating or restoring the affected environment.
Reduce or eradicate the impact over time by preservation and maintenance operations during the
life of the action.
Appropriateness, effectiveness, implement, monitoring, enforcement should be considered when
identifying and evaluating mitigation measures.
The corresponding mitigation measures during the construction stage are:-
 Collect and dispose any solid & liquid wastes in a proper and safe place.
 The disposal site should be out of town. It should be some 5 km away from the town and
it should also consider the, soil permeability and ground and surface water sources.
 Provide safe toilets and arrange proper waste disposal systems for the town residents
 Provide health and hygiene education to the community and water users
 Train water operators how to manage the water source and keep it clean
 Provide proper drainage systems for access road runoff water
 Conduct regular water quality monitoring

8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 Conclusions
The existing water supply of Bora town cannot satisfy the increasing demand of water because of
the rapidly growing population. Rehabilitation of the existing ones and development of new
water supply system has been essential. The design of water supply project for the town is
mainly to satisfy the needs of the population both by quality and quantity.Bora town which has
rich surface and ground water resource is facing shortage of safe and adequate water supply.
Causes of the problem are multi-dimensional. Environmentally areas that recharge the existing
and expected sources of water supply are getting degraded and in effect the flow amount of the
existing source is declining especially in the dry months. The water amount in the water supply
system is very low while the demand of water increases extensively in these dry months due to
the hot climate.Socio-economically the population in the town increases extensively causing
demand increase and lowering the water amount supplied per capita per day. The life standard
changes in the residents of the town also increase water demand and consumption. Economic
development activities like constructions and educational institutions are widening and
consuming much water. Technically the design period of the water supply system of Bora town
is up to year 2038 with total population of 30591.This project has two construction phase for
economic consideration of the society .It has15.26l/s and 31.08l/s maximum daily demand for
phase I and phase II respectively. Generally this project Provides better quality and sustainable
water supply for the town, job opportunity for skilled and unskilled man power and reduce time
spent for fetching of water, particularly by women, and conversely increase time available for
other activities.

8.2 Recommendations
Adequacy and consistency of Water supply is important for socio-economic wellbeing of
residents of a town. Therefore, to reverse the existing inadequacy and inconsistency of water
Supply and to ensure the socio-economic wellbeing of the residents of Bora town the following
measures should be taken. Environmental researches that point out the recharge areas of the
existing and expected water supply sources should be conducted. This has to be followed by
integrated and continuous management of the recharge areas. Environmental impact assessment
should be done for both the projects on the upstream of the source and expansion of the source.
Long term investments on water supply of the town should be given due attention by all
Concerned bodies including the users. Wider Institutions and commercial centers should better
develop their own water sources if available.
All important data for town water supply designs should be recorded and managed appropriately
in order to avoid unreliable estimations during designing, constructing and expanding the water
supply system. For community management model to be effective, clear guidelines and
regulations must be established on the extent of operation and maintenance activities that should
be covered by beneficiary communities. The government should compensate the land used by
project. The construction period should be in winter because access road affects farm lands.
Water supply service needs to be measurable beyond plans and reports on its achievement.
Therefore, further studies recommended to Evaluate communities economic characteristics and
appropriate financing mechanisms for ongoing O&M with in a specific community, Compare
water consumption, need and service criteria given by various organizations.
Generally, In order to optimize benefits and minimize the negative impacts of the proposed water
supply project, Provision of clean and adequate water to the public users should be supported by
improving the sanitation facility. Therefore, the community should be educated in keeping
his/her sanitation and personal hygiene.

REFERENCE
1. BC .Punimia, A Shock, Jain and Arun Jain, Environmental Engineering 1.Water supply
Engineering
2. BSN, Raju water supply and waste water engineering.
3. Engineering, B. R. (n.d.). water supply.
4. Principle of Water quality control, 3. e. (n.d.). water supply.
5. Urban water supply universal access plan
6. Water supply Design guide line November 1987.
7. Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise (WWDSE)

ANNEXES
Annex 1 analytical determination of reservoir volume
Hourly
Ti Cumulat Cumulati
Pumping
m Hourly ive ve Supply/S Demand
Hourly Rate/Hou
e( Demand Hourly Hourly urplus(m /Deficie
Factor rly
H (m3) Demand Supply( 3) ncy(m3)
Supply(m
r) (m3) m3)
3)
1 0.39 21.69 21.69 0 0.00 -21.688
2 0.41 22.80 44.49 0 0.00 -44.49
3 0.41 22.80 67.29 83.41 83.41 16.12
4 0.44 24.47 91.76 83.41 166.82 75.06
5 0.44 24.47 116.22 83.41 250.23 134.01
6 1 83.41 199.64 83.41 333.64 134.00
7 2.35 90.09 289.73 83.41 417.05 127.32
8 1.62 130.68 420.41 83.41 500.46 80.05
9 1.36 75.63 496.04 83.41 583.87 87.83
1
1.02
0 56.72 552.76 83.41 667.28 114.52
1
1.61
1 89.53 642.29 83.41 750.69 108.40
1
1.65
2 91.76 734.05 83.41 834.10 100.05
1
1.46
3 81.19 815.24 83.41 917.51 102.27
1
1.44
4 80.08 895.31 83.41 1000.92 105.61
1
1.5
5 83.41 978.73 0 1000.92 22.19
1 1.6 88.98 1067.70 0 1000.92 -66.78

6
1
1.5
7 83.41 1151.12 0 1000.92 -150.20
1
1.5
8 83.41 1234.53 0 1000.92 -233.61
1
0.5
9 27.80 1262.34 0 1000.92 -261.42
2
0.2
0 27.80 1290.14 0 1000.92 -289.22
2
0.2
1 38.93 1329.07 83.41 1084.33 -244.74
2
0.2
2 11.12 1340.19 83.41 1167.74 -172.45
2
0.5
3 11.12 1351.31 83.41 1251.15 -100.16
2
1
4 11.12 1362.43 83.41 1334.56 -27.87
WATER CAD ANALYSIS REPORT
Annex 2 pipe report of PhD-I

Fro Pressure
m Hazen- Pipe
Nod To Lengt Diamete Materia discharg William Headlos Velocit
e Node h (m) r (mm) l e (l/s) sC s (m) y (m/s)
P-
87 58 J-277 23.16 39.6 HDPE 1.61 130 1.05 1.31
P-
17
9 71 J49 23.16 25.2 HDPE 0.38 130 0.65 0.76

P-
17
5 80 J77 40.84 99.6 HDPE 8.74 130 0.47 1.12
P-
50 80 J79 14.33 87.8 HDPE 3.61 130 0.06 0.6
P-
75 115 J111 12.19 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.03 0.19
P-
17
2 185 WP-2 23.47 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.18 0.38
P-
17
3 185 187 17.07 25.2 HDPE 0.47 130 0.73 0.95
P-
17
4 187 WP-8 49.99 25.2 HDPE 0.47 130 2.13 0.95
P-
15
9 224 J226 51.51 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.85 0.57
P-
22 J-
6 164 J-165 28.35 75.6 HDPE 1.52 130 0.05 0.34
P-
22 J-
7 165 J-169 32.61 75.6 HDPE 1.52 130 0.06 0.34
P-
22 J- WP-
9 167 21 39.32 25.2 HDPE 0.38 130 1.11 0.76
P- J-
23 169 J-170 29.87 39.6 HDPE 0.57 130 0.2 0.46

0
P-
22 J-
8 169 J-167 43.59 25.2 HDPE 0.38 130 1.23 0.76
P-
23 J- WP-
1 170 22 49.38 39.6 HDPE 0.57 130 0.33 0.46
P- J-
88 277 J62 26.52 39.6 HDPE 1.61 130 1.21 1.31
P-2 J2 J3 15.85 251.8 HDPE 24.8 130 0.01 0.5
P-3 J3 J4 11.89 251.8 HDPE 24.8 130 0.01 0.5
P-6 J4 J245 21.64 99.6 HDPE 7.78 130 0.2 1
P-4 J4 J244 18.9 159.6 HDPE 17.01 130 0.08 0.85
P-
21 J6 J12 20.12 127.6 HDPE 13.4 130 0.15 1.05
P-
35 J6 J7 15.85 99.6 HDPE 3.04 130 0.03 0.39
P-
36 J7 J8 12.5 99.6 HDPE 3.04 130 0.02 0.39
P-
37 J8 J282 20.12 87.8 HDPE 3.04 130 0.06 0.5
P-
80 J10 J33 33.83 75.6 HDPE 2.94 130 0.2 0.66
P-
22 J12 J14 23.77 127.6 HDPE 13.4 130 0.18 1.05
P-
23 J14 J16 31.39 143.6 HDPE 13.4 130 0.14 0.83
P-
24 J16 J17 32.92 127.6 HDPE 13.4 130 0.25 1.05
P- J17 J23 20.73 127.6 HDPE 13.4 130 0.16 1.05

25
P-
32 J19 J20 31.09 127.6 HDPE 12.64 130 0.21 0.99
P-
33 J20 J21 22.25 99.6 HDPE 12.64 130 0.51 1.62
P-
34 J21 J22 16.46 99.6 HDPE 12.64 130 0.38 1.62
P-
18
1 J22 J46 60.96 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.48 0.38
P-
48 J22 J81 39.32 99.6 HDPE 12.35 130 0.87 1.59
P-
31 J23 J19 18.29 99.6 HDPE 12.64 130 0.42 1.62
P-
26 J23 J25 38.1 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.3 0.38
P-
27 J25 J304 35.97 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.28 0.38
P-8 J27 J28 39.62 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.31 0.38
P-9 J28 J29 31.7 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.25 0.38
P-
10 J29 J30 37.8 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.3 0.38
P- WP-
11 J30 14 22.25 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.17 0.38
P-
81 J33 J34 21.95 75.6 HDPE 2.94 130 0.13 0.66
P-
82 J34 J35 34.14 75.6 HDPE 2.94 130 0.2 0.66
P-
83 J35 J52 13.41 59.8 HDPE 2.94 130 0.25 1.05

P-
18 WP-
7 J48 23 25.91 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.2 0.38
P-
18
0 J49 J42 17.07 25.2 HDPE 0.38 130 0.48 0.76
P-
18
6 J50 J48 19.2 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.15 0.38
P-
84 J52 J54 31.39 59.8 HDPE 2.94 130 0.58 1.05
P-
13
3 J53 J57 43.59 39.6 HDPE 1.33 130 1.38 1.08
P-
85 J54 J56 21.95 39.6 HDPE 1.61 130 1 1.31
P-
13
2 J54 J53 7.92 39.6 HDPE 1.33 130 0.25 1.08
P-
86 J56 58 22.86 39.6 HDPE 1.61 130 1.04 1.31
P-
13
4 J57 J61 47.55 39.6 HDPE 1.33 130 1.51 1.08
P-
13
5 J61 J63 33.22 39.6 HDPE 1.33 130 1.06 1.08
P-
89 J62 J64 35.36 39.6 HDPE 1.61 130 1.61 1.31
P- J63 J65 61.87 75.6 HDPE 1.14 130 0.06 0.25

13
6
P-
90 J64 J66 60.05 75.6 HDPE 1.61 130 0.12 0.36
P-
13
7 J65 J67 59.44 39.6 HDPE 1.14 130 1.42 0.93
P-
91 J66 J68 60.96 39.6 HDPE 1.61 130 2.77 1.31
P-
13
8 J67 J69 49.99 39.6 HDPE 1.14 130 1.19 0.93
P-
92 J68 J70 49.68 39.6 HDPE 1.61 130 2.26 1.31
P-
13
9 J69 J194 57.61 75.6 HDPE 1.14 130 0.06 0.25
P-
93 J70 J180 54.25 39.6 HDPE 1.61 130 2.47 1.31
P-
18
5 J73 J50 22.86 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.18 0.38
P-
20
0 J73 J124 41.15 75.6 HDPE 7.6 130 1.41 1.69
P-
17
8 J74 71 19.51 25.2 HDPE 0.38 130 0.55 0.76
P-
17 J75 J74 29.26 25.2 HDPE 0.38 130 0.83 0.76

7
P-
18
4 J76 J73 37.49 99.6 HDPE 8.36 130 0.4 1.07
P-
17
6 J77 J75 21.64 25.2 HDPE 0.38 130 0.61 0.76
P-
18
2 J77 J78 8.84 75.6 HDPE 8.36 130 0.36 1.86
P-
18
3 J78 J76 23.47 99.6 HDPE 8.36 130 0.25 1.07
P-
51 J79 J83 12.5 87.8 HDPE 2.94 130 0.04 0.49
P-
61 J79 J96 17.37 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.04 0.2
P-
49 J81 80 30.78 99.6 HDPE 12.35 130 0.68 1.59
P-
52 J83 J84 14.33 39.6 HDPE 0.95 130 0.24 0.77
P-
68 J83 J97 24.38 39.6 HDPE 1.42 130 0.88 1.16
P-
53 J84 J85 15.54 39.6 HDPE 0.95 130 0.26 0.77
P-
54 J85 J86 18.29 39.6 HDPE 0.95 130 0.31 0.77
P-
55 J86 J87 22.86 39.6 HDPE 0.95 130 0.39 0.77
P- J87 J94 22.86 39.6 HDPE 0.95 130 0.39 0.77

56
P-
59 J90 J92 48.46 39.6 HDPE 0.38 130 0.15 0.31
P- WP-
60 J92 19 21.34 25.2 HDPE 0.38 130 0.6 0.76
P-
57 J94 J95 12.19 39.6 HDPE 0.76 130 0.14 0.62
P-
58 J95 J90 24.99 25.2 HDPE 0.38 130 0.71 0.76
P-
62 J96 J99 24.38 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.06 0.2
P-
69 J97 J105 21.34 75.6 HDPE 1.42 130 0.03 0.32
P-
63 J99 J101 32.61 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.08 0.2
P-
76 J100 J119 54.25 25.2 HDPE 0.38 130 1.53 0.76
P-
71 J100 J103 34.75 25.2 HDPE 0.66 130 2.76 1.33
P-
64 J101 J102 18.9 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.05 0.2
P-
65 J102 J104 32.92 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.08 0.2
P-
72 J103 J107 42.67 25.2 HDPE 0.66 130 3.39 1.33
P-
66 J104 J108 28.35 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.07 0.2
P-
70 J105 J100 21.34 39.6 HDPE 1.04 130 0.43 0.85
P- J107 J109 21.34 25.2 HDPE 0.47 130 0.91 0.95

73
P-
67 J108 J110 37.8 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.09 0.2
P-
74 J109 115 21.95 25.2 HDPE 0.47 130 0.94 0.95
P-
23 WP-
7 J110 16 44.5 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.11 0.2
P-
23 WP-
6 J111 17 34.75 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.08 0.19
P-
77 J119 J121 36.58 25.2 HDPE 0.38 130 1.03 0.76
P- WP-
78 J121 18 23.77 25.2 HDPE 0.38 130 0.67 0.76
P-
20
1 J124 J126 41.76 75.6 HDPE 7.6 130 1.43 1.69
P-
21
0 J126 J143 38.71 75.6 HDPE 4.75 130 0.56 1.06
P-
20
2 J126 J129 53.04 75.6 HDPE 2.85 130 0.3 0.63
P-
20
9 J129 J130 13.11 39.6 HDPE 0.57 130 0.09 0.46
P-
20
3 J129 J131 48.16 39.6 HDPE 1.71 130 2.44 1.39

P-
20
4 J131 J134 45.72 39.6 HDPE 1.71 130 2.31 1.39
P-
20
5 J134 J136 49.68 39.6 HDPE 1.71 130 2.51 1.39
P-
20
8 J136 J137 23.16 25.2 HDPE 0.38 130 0.65 0.76
P-
20
6 J136 J139 43.89 39.6 HDPE 1.14 130 1.05 0.93
P-
20 WP-
7 J139 20 11.28 39.6 HDPE 0.57 130 0.07 0.46
P-
21
1 J143 J144 33.83 75.6 HDPE 4.75 130 0.49 1.06
P-
22
0 J144 J145 17.68 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.29 0.57
P-
21
2 J144 J147 55.17 75.6 HDPE 4.18 130 0.63 0.93
P-
23
8 J147 J155 27.74 39.6 HDPE 1.14 130 0.66 0.93
P-
21
3 J147 J153 35.05 59.8 HDPE 3.04 130 0.69 1.08

P-
21
5 J149 J159 41.45 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.32 0.38
P-
22
1 J149 J150 26.52 87.8 HDPE 1.71 130 0.03 0.28
P-
22
2 J150 J152 40.54 39.6 HDPE 1.71 130 2.05 1.39
P-
22
3 J152 J161 54.56 39.6 HDPE 1.71 130 2.76 1.39
P-
21
4 J153 J149 15.54 59.8 HDPE 2.47 130 0.21 0.88
P-
23
9 J155 J157 26.82 39.6 HDPE 1.14 130 0.64 0.93
P-
24
0 J157 J156 16.46 25.2 HDPE 0.57 130 0.98 1.14
P-
21
6 J159 J160 45.11 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.35 0.38
P-
21
7 J160 wp-7 21.03 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.16 0.38
P-
22
4 J161 J162 33.83 39.6 HDPE 1.71 130 1.71 1.39

P-
24
1 J162 J176 58.52 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.46 0.38
P-
22
5 J162 J-164 37.8 75.6 HDPE 1.52 130 0.07 0.34
P-
24
4 J174 WP-3 28.65 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.22 0.38
P-
24
3 J175 J174 26.82 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.21 0.38
P-
24
2 J176 J175 33.22 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.26 0.38
P-
94 J180 J181 32 39.6 HDPE 1.61 130 1.46 1.31
P-
95 J181 J182 23.47 39.6 HDPE 1.61 130 1.07 1.31
P-
96 J182 J183 17.98 39.6 HDPE 1.04 130 0.37 0.85
P-
17
1 J183 185 49.99 39.6 HDPE 1.04 130 1.02 0.85
P-
14
1 J189 J190 32 25.2 HDPE 0.57 130 1.91 1.14
P-
14
2 J190 J192 25.91 25.2 HDPE 0.57 130 1.55 1.14

P-
14
3 J192 J193 47.24 25.2 HDPE 0.57 130 2.82 1.14
P-
14
4 J193 J202 37.19 39.6 HDPE 0.57 130 0.25 0.46
P-
14
0 J194 J189 20.12 39.6 HDPE 0.57 130 0.13 0.46
P-
12
2 J196 J215 46.63 39.6 HDPE 0.85 130 0.65 0.69
P-
12
1 J197 J196 37.19 39.6 HDPE 0.85 130 0.52 0.69
P-
12
0 J198 J197 61.26 39.6 HDPE 0.85 130 0.85 0.69
P-
11
9 J199 J198 46.94 39.6 HDPE 0.85 130 0.65 0.69
P-
11
8 J200 J199 26.52 39.6 HDPE 0.85 130 0.37 0.69
P-
11
7 J201 J200 50.29 39.6 HDPE 0.85 130 0.7 0.69
P-
11
4 J201 J301 40.23 25.2 HDPE 0.28 130 0.64 0.56

P-
14
5 J202 J204 46.02 39.6 HDPE 0.57 130 0.3 0.46
P-
14
6 J204 J206 49.99 25.2 HDPE 0.57 130 2.99 1.14
P-
14
7 J206 J208 42.67 25.2 HDPE 0.57 130 2.55 1.14
P-
14
8 J208 J216 28.96 39.6 HDPE 0.57 130 0.19 0.46
P-
12
6 J209 J210 40.54 25.2 HDPE 0.28 130 0.65 0.56
P-
12
7 J210 J211 21.34 25.2 HDPE 0.28 130 0.34 0.56
P-
12
8 J211 J240 36.27 25.2 HDPE 0.28 130 0.58 0.56
P-
12
5 J212 J209 54.25 25.2 HDPE 0.28 130 0.87 0.56
P-
12
4 J213 J212 34.44 25.2 HDPE 0.28 130 0.55 0.56
P-
12
3 J215 J213 71.02 25.2 HDPE 0.28 130 1.14 0.56

P-
14
9 J216 J217 23.47 25.2 HDPE 0.57 130 1.4 1.14
P-
15
0 J217 J219 52.43 25.2 HDPE 0.57 130 3.13 1.14
P-
15
6 J218 J220 41.76 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.69 0.57
P-
15
5 J219 J218 7.32 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.12 0.57
P-
15
1 J219 J221 41.15 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.68 0.57
P-
15
7 J220 J222 50.29 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.83 0.57
P-
15
2 J221 J223 49.99 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.83 0.57
P-
15
8 J222 224 56.08 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.93 0.57
P-
15
3 J223 J225 59.44 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.98 0.57
P-
15
4 J225 J227 48.77 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.81 0.57

P-
19
1 J226 J228 82.6 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 1.37 0.57
P-
18
8 J227 J229 72.85 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 1.21 0.57
P-
19
2 J228 J230 81.69 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 1.35 0.57
P-
18
9 J229 J231 89.31 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 1.48 0.57
P-
19
3 J230 J232 94.18 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 1.56 0.57
P-
19
0 J231 J233 93.27 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 1.54 0.57
P-
19
7 J232 J234 78.64 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 1.3 0.57
P-
19
4 J233 J235 72.24 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 1.2 0.57
P-
19
8 J234 J236 49.99 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.83 0.57
P-
19
5 J235 J237 66.75 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 1.11 0.57

P-
19
9 J236 WP-6 48.46 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.8 0.57
P-
19 WP=
6 J237 5 39.01 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.65 0.57
P-
12
9 J240 J241 38.1 25.2 HDPE 0.28 130 0.61 0.56
P-
13
0 J241 J242 30.48 25.2 HDPE 0.28 130 0.49 0.56
P-
13
1 J242 WP-9 38.1 25.2 HDPE 0.28 130 0.61 0.56
P-5 J244 J6 19.51 143.3 HDPE 16.45 130 0.12 1.02
P-7 J245 J27 31.39 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.25 0.38
P-
12 J245 J246 41.76 87.8 HDPE 7.59 130 0.69 1.25
P-
13 J246 J247 22.86 87.8 HDPE 7.59 130 0.38 1.25
P-
46 J247 J249 24.08 39.6 HDPE 0.57 130 0.16 0.46
P-
14 J247 J248 33.53 87.8 HDPE 6.46 130 0.41 1.07
P-
15 J248 J253 15.85 87.8 HDPE 6.46 130 0.19 1.07
P-
47 J249 J250 38.1 39.6 HDPE 0.57 130 0.25 0.46
P- J252 J259 24.69 75.6 HDPE 5.21 130 0.42 1.16

17
P-
16 J253 J252 22.56 75.6 HDPE 5.21 130 0.39 1.16
P-
19 J253 J254 31.7 39.6 HDPE 0.67 130 0.28 0.54
P-
20 J254 J258 40.23 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.1 0.2
P-
18 J259 J261 31.7 75.6 HDPE 5.21 130 0.54 1.16
P-
97 J261 J262 51.82 75.6 HDPE 5.21 130 0.89 1.16
P-
98 J262 J263 35.66 75.6 HDPE 5.21 130 0.61 1.16
P-
99 J263 J264 57.91 75.6 HDPE 5.21 130 0.99 1.16
P-
10
0 J264 J268 46.94 75.6 HDPE 5.21 130 0.8 1.16
P-
10
8 J265 J276 45.42 75.6 HDPE 3.03 130 0.28 0.68
P-
16
3 J267 J277 35.05 39.6 HDPE 0.76 130 0.39 0.62
P-
10
1 J268 J269 14.94 59.8 HDPE 2.19 130 0.16 0.78
P-
10
7 J268 J265 42.06 59.8 HDPE 3.03 130 0.82 1.08

P-
10
2 J269 J270 20.42 39.6 HDPE 1.62 130 0.93 1.31
P-
10
3 J270 J271 17.98 75.6 HDPE 1.05 130 0.02 0.23
P-
10
4 J271 J272 18.9 39.6 HDPE 0.47 130 0.09 0.39
P-
10
5 J272 J273 33.22 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.55 0.57
P-
10 WP-
6 J273 11 43.59 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.72 0.57
P-
16
2 J275 J267 20.12 39.6 HDPE 1.33 130 0.64 1.08
P-
11
0 J275 J297 40.54 39.6 HDPE 1.13 130 0.95 0.92
P-
10
9 J276 J275 38.4 87.8 HDPE 3.03 130 0.12 0.5
P-
16
4 J277 J292 40.54 39.6 HDPE 0.76 130 0.46 0.62
P-
16
7 J279 J293 48.46 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.38 0.38

P-
16
6 J280 J279 20.12 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.16 0.38
P-
79 J282 J10 22.25 75.6 HDPE 2.94 130 0.13 0.66
P-
38 J282 J283 27.74 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.06 0.19
P-
39 J283 J285 51.21 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.11 0.19
P-
40 J285 J286 39.93 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.09 0.19
P-
41 J286 J287 35.66 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.08 0.19
P- WP-
42 J287 12 31.39 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.07 0.19
P-
16
5 J292 J280 19.81 39.6 HDPE 0.76 130 0.22 0.62
P-
16
8 J293 J294 47.24 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.37 0.38
P-
16
9 J294 WP-4 27.43 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.21 0.38
P-
11
1 J297 J298 46.33 39.6 HDPE 1.13 130 1.09 0.92
P-
11
2 J298 J300 39.32 39.6 HDPE 1.13 130 0.92 0.92

P-
11
3 J300 J201 81.08 39.6 HDPE 1.13 130 1.9 0.92
P-
11
5 J301 J302 58.83 25.2 HDPE 0.28 130 0.94 0.56
P-
11 WP-
6 J302 10 73.15 25.2 HDPE 0.28 130 1.17 0.56
P-
28 J304 J305 47.85 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.37 0.38
P-
29 J305 J306 38.1 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.3 0.38
P-
30 J306 J307 39.32 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.31 0.38
P-
44 J307 J308 68.28 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.53 0.38
P- WP-
45 J308 15 53.64 25.2 HDPE 0.19 130 0.42 0.38
P-1 tank J2 18.9 251.8 HDPE 24.8 130 0.02 0.5
Annex 3 junction report on PhD-I

Elevation Base Pressure (m
Label X (m) Y (m) (m) Flow (l/s) H2O)
J235 J235 615,000.25 1,181,817.15 1,498.03 0 86.347
J236 J236 615,041.71 1,181,854.54 1,498.05 0 85.224
J237 J237 615,040.06 1,181,870.77 1,498.05 0 85.22
WP=5 WP=5 615,073.67 1,181,890.36 1,498.09 0.28 84.539
J233 J233 614,954.97 1,181,760.78 1,512.02 0 73.579
WP-9 WP-9 614,679.26 1,181,339.37 1,525.05 0.28 71.887

J263 J263 614,197.65 1,180,789.30 1,543.12 0 71.272

J202 J202 614,490.21 1,181,256.18 1,533.81 0 69.901
WP-
14 WP-14 614,143.63 1,180,891.95 1,547.87 0.19 69.773
J212 J212 614,491.78 1,181,179.73 1,532.01 0 69.084
J221 J221 614,677.59 1,181,455.39 1,523.45 0 69.007
J220 J220 614,681.86 1,181,447.38 1,523.84 0 68.49
J307 J307 613,737.36 1,180,811.61 1,548.34 0 68.14
J230 J230 614,891.08 1,181,691.41 1,518.98 0 68.013
J193 J193 614,453.15 1,181,251.73 1,536.28 0 67.681
J213 J213 614,458.03 1,181,186.48 1,534.03 0 67.619
J242 J242 614,651.95 1,181,312.74 1,530.02 0 67.536
WP-
16 WP-16 613,630.52 1,180,975.87 1,547.16 0.1 67.179
J231 J231 614,887.49 1,181,696.42 1,520.12 0 67.037
J227 J227 614,786.88 1,181,569.40 1,523.01 0 66.833
J222 J222 614,718.76 1,181,481.71 1,525.05 0 66.449
J241 J241 614,630.91 1,181,290.72 1,532.01 0 66.038
WP-
10 WP-10 614,609.04 1,180,849.41 1,538.05 0.28 65.708
J219 J219 614,646.44 1,181,428.51 1,528.05 0 65.099
J192 J192 614,411.94 1,181,274.96 1,541.80 0 64.987
J189 J189 614,367.01 1,181,257.57 1,545.48 0 64.778
J225 J225 614,755.73 1,181,531.96 1,526.09 0 64.565
J218 J218 614,648.97 1,181,421.49 1,528.55 0 64.48
J190 J190 614,387.00 1,181,282.39 1,544.21 0 64.134
224 224 614,757.77 1,181,522.08 1,526.87 0 63.706
J226 J226 614,790.57 1,181,561.75 1,526.02 0 63.703
WP-2 WP-2 614,426.68 1,181,363.87 1,536.04 0.19 63.665
J194 J194 614,353.06 1,181,242.88 1,547.25 0.57 63.143

J206 J206 614,559.83 1,181,314.94 1,537.31 0 63.118

J48 J48 613,951.39 1,181,094.18 1,550.06 0 63.098
J240 J240 614,604.97 1,181,262.67 1,536.04 0 62.625
WP-
22 WP-22 614,103.88 1,181,500.04 1,538.20 0.57 62.624
J217 J217 614,602.76 1,181,399.27 1,533.80 0 62.485
J232 J232 614,961.15 1,181,754.41 1,523.02 0 62.425
J198 J198 614,420.40 1,181,046.42 1,542.50 0 62.309
J110 J110 613,674.15 1,180,984.77 1,552.28 0 62.175
185 185 614,413.67 1,181,344.51 1,538.04 0.38 61.852
J23 J23 613,888.27 1,180,941.47 1,556.21 0.57 61.84
J208 J208 614,575.19 1,181,354.67 1,536.25 0 61.638
J210 J210 614,577.46 1,181,213.15 1,538.07 0 61.52
J215 J215 614,387.08 1,181,186.58 1,541.42 0.57 61.383
J211 J211 614,591.87 1,181,228.77 1,538.03 0 61.219
J42 J42 613,955.76 1,181,070.77 1,550.20 0.38 61.183
WP-
23 WP-23 613,971.18 1,181,077.51 1,552.10 0.19 60.86
WP-
21 WP-21 614,025.31 1,181,537.41 1,538.21 0.38 60.807
J201 J201 614,457.72 1,180,928.90 1,545.73 0 60.802
J199 J199 614,438.85 1,181,003.31 1,545.08 0 60.389
J196 J196 614,397.02 1,181,140.97 1,543.41 0 60.04
J308 J308 613,691.01 1,180,761.33 1,556.26 0 59.703
J200 J200 614,444.89 1,180,977.60 1,546.14 0 59.689
J209 J209 614,545.21 1,181,188.48 1,540.56 0 59.684
WP-6 WP-6 615,082.18 1,181,880.96 1,523.13 0.28 59.389
J69 J69 614,310.94 1,181,203.78 1,551.13 0 59.327
J197 J197 614,399.96 1,181,104.03 1,544.82 0 59.147
187 187 614,399.28 1,181,353.94 1,540.05 0 59.12

J301 J301 614,488.97 1,180,903.49 1,546.78 0 59.106

J294 J294 614,336.57 1,181,012.71 1,549.79 0 58.991
WP-
17 WP-17 613,632.47 1,180,986.45 1,546.99 0.1 58.443
J305 J305 613,794.22 1,180,864.48 1,559.03 0 58.075
J234 J234 615,012.23 1,181,814.17 1,526.89 0 57.263
J-170 J-170 614,064.03 1,181,471.14 1,544.36 0 56.801
J229 J229 614,830.06 1,181,627.93 1,532.04 0 56.617
J108 J108 613,710.42 1,180,994.90 1,557.97 0 56.588
J180 J180 614,344.07 1,181,248.72 1,547.54 0 56.266
J-167 J-167 614,032.28 1,181,498.64 1,543.89 0 56.237
J67 J67 614,270.35 1,181,174.62 1,555.93 0 55.728
J223 J223 614,713.95 1,181,489.74 1,536.03 0 55.627
J181 J181 614,360.55 1,181,276.24 1,546.81 0 55.545
WP-3 WP-3 614,190.93 1,181,357.26 1,545.25 0.19 55.138
J70 J70 614,305.80 1,181,210.28 1,551.20 0 55.082
J182 J182 614,381.99 1,181,285.63 1,546.30 0.57 54.99
J302 J302 614,544.47 1,180,883.92 1,550.09 0 54.862
WP-8 WP-8 614,363.21 1,181,388.57 1,542.49 0.48 54.558
J216 J216 614,590.38 1,181,379.37 1,543.23 0 54.476
J-169 J-169 614,038.66 1,181,455.54 1,547.31 0.57 54.057
J92 J92 613,827.35 1,181,288.53 1,558.32 0 53.982
WP-
20 WP-20 613,879.94 1,181,435.23 1,548.00 0.57 53.976
WP-
19 WP-19 613,832.00 1,181,309.44 1,557.78 0.38 53.922
J111 J111 613,665.28 1,180,997.51 1,551.80 0 53.719
J156 J156 614,020.26 1,181,150.24 1,553.00 0.57 53.702
J183 J183 614,394.56 1,181,298.42 1,547.34 0 53.59
J174 J174 614,162.20 1,181,359.21 1,547.21 0 53.398

J104 J104 613,734.62 1,181,009.54 1,561.27 0 53.369

J228 J228 614,838.05 1,181,629.27 1,535.02 0 53.356
J90 J90 613,826.25 1,181,240.05 1,559.38 0 53.079
J65 J65 614,223.19 1,181,138.32 1,560.04 0 53.043
J68 J68 614,264.67 1,181,182.29 1,555.56 0 52.982
WP-4 WP-4 614,355.63 1,181,032.43 1,555.76 0.19 52.819
115 115 613,673.29 1,181,006.72 1,552.74 0.38 52.811
J-165 J-165 614,043.17 1,181,423.23 1,548.75 0 52.678
J304 J304 613,828.14 1,180,898.31 1,565.23 0 52.261
J95 J95 613,825.82 1,181,215.12 1,561.10 0.38 52.063
J139 J139 613,891.25 1,181,436.30 1,550.00 0.57 52.055
J293 J293 614,289.88 1,181,019.26 1,557.32 0 51.844
J66 J66 614,215.90 1,181,145.73 1,559.81 0 51.517
WP-
15 WP-15 613,650.25 1,180,726.67 1,564.23 0.19 51.331
J175 J175 614,135.31 1,181,358.82 1,550.33 0 50.499
J176 J176 614,102.01 1,181,357.04 1,550.77 0 50.314
J102 J102 613,751.22 1,181,037.86 1,564.50 0 50.215
J109 J109 613,695.08 1,181,004.03 1,556.52 0 49.974
J30 J30 614,127.23 1,180,876.84 1,567.89 0 49.967
J119 J119 613,711.43 1,181,090.30 1,562.55 0 49.479
J136 J136 613,890.91 1,181,392.45 1,553.82 0.19 49.292
J272 J272 614,309.32 1,180,759.81 1,562.28 0.19 49.173
J94 J94 613,825.26 1,181,203.04 1,564.25 0.19 49.057
J204 J204 614,533.25 1,181,272.54 1,554.43 0 49.018
J101 J101 613,761.24 1,181,053.75 1,565.97 0 48.799
J161 J161 614,051.44 1,181,326.13 1,554.53 0 48.729
J-164 J-164 614,051.06 1,181,396.16 1,552.77 0 48.712
J63 J63 614,174.36 1,181,100.38 1,564.53 0.19 48.625
WP- WP-11 614,292.72 1,180,685.37 1,561.83 0.28 48.353

11
J273 J273 614,298.51 1,180,728.49 1,562.87 0 48.029
J107 J107 613,715.24 1,181,010.63 1,559.41 0.19 47.995
J64 J64 614,166.90 1,181,111.13 1,563.72 0 47.727
J137 J137 613,913.83 1,181,389.26 1,554.74 0.38 47.719
J162 J162 614,043.52 1,181,359.00 1,553.93 0 47.616
J61 J61 614,147.83 1,181,080.18 1,566.65 0 47.56
J62 J62 614,137.30 1,181,091.71 1,565.80 0 47.26
J157 J157 614,016.78 1,181,166.31 1,560.45 0.57 47.249
J300 J300 614,381.51 1,180,901.31 1,561.35 0 47.114
J103 J103 613,743.74 1,181,042.58 1,564.15 0 46.65
J121 J121 613,708.03 1,181,126.66 1,564.81 0 46.191
J87 J87 613,821.22 1,181,180.45 1,567.55 0 46.15
J100 J100 613,762.46 1,181,071.91 1,567.48 0 46.083
J57 J57 614,106.43 1,181,056.61 1,569.80 0 45.929
J134 J134 613,890.53 1,181,342.72 1,559.74 0 45.89
58 58 614,101.79 1,181,067.48 1,569.49 0 45.828
J292 J292 614,244.56 1,180,995.02 1,564.50 0 45.436
WP-
18 WP-18 613,709.68 1,181,150.30 1,564.96 0 45.38
J271 J271 614,308.28 1,180,778.65 1,566.48 0.57 45.064
J99 J99 613,781.92 1,181,079.02 1,569.86 0 44.995
J56 J56 614,080.65 1,181,058.86 1,571.40 0 44.968
wp-7 wp-7 614,156.11 1,181,272.30 1,562.36 0.19 44.904
J280 J280 614,233.89 1,181,011.57 1,564.87 0.57 44.846
J54 J54 614,060.32 1,181,050.70 1,572.56 0 44.801
J-277 J-277 614,110.86 1,181,088.86 1,569.50 0 44.769
J279 J279 614,242.63 1,181,029.62 1,564.85 0 44.707
J130 J130 613,880.04 1,181,247.31 1,565.77 0.57 44.525
J86 J86 613,818.10 1,181,157.80 1,569.69 0 44.403

J152 J152 614,070.58 1,181,275.09 1,561.66 0 44.371

J53 J53 614,064.76 1,181,044.09 1,572.92 0 44.195
J129 J129 613,893.07 1,181,249.24 1,566.25 0.57 44.131
J52 J52 614,029.91 1,181,042.85 1,574.00 0 43.945
J35 J35 614,023.67 1,181,031.02 1,574.45 0 43.746
J105 J105 613,776.41 1,181,088.22 1,570.32 0.38 43.687
J160 J160 614,141.74 1,181,257.09 1,563.96 0 43.472
J298 J298 614,343.25 1,180,910.73 1,566.21 0 43.181
WP-
12 WP-12 614,192.37 1,180,928.13 1,575.46 0.1 43.003
J131 J131 613,888.69 1,181,297.14 1,565.13 0 42.818
J150 J150 614,071.74 1,181,234.68 1,565.36 0 42.722
J145 J145 613,971.14 1,181,218.66 1,567.28 0.28 42.063
J159 J159 614,106.93 1,181,228.60 1,565.86 0 41.931
J277 J277 614,250.97 1,180,955.10 1,568.55 0 41.854
J96 J96 613,802.76 1,181,091.64 1,573.27 0 41.652
J97 J97 613,794.01 1,181,100.09 1,573.00 0 41.043
J85 J85 613,818.29 1,181,139.57 1,573.46 0 40.953
J34 J34 613,991.89 1,181,018.79 1,577.56 0 40.851
J287 J287 614,163.04 1,180,939.59 1,577.70 0 40.834
J297 J297 614,296.99 1,180,912.42 1,569.77 0 40.716
J147 J147 614,022.92 1,181,196.48 1,568.68 0 40.335
J143 J143 613,934.37 1,181,206.58 1,569.85 0 40.277
J84 J84 613,818.24 1,181,123.89 1,574.88 0 39.806
J25 J25 613,855.73 1,180,921.35 1,578.07 0 39.727
J149 J149 614,070.72 1,181,208.31 1,568.48 0.57 39.635
J144 J144 613,967.88 1,181,201.14 1,570.12 0.28 39.528
J83 J83 613,816.41 1,181,109.82 1,575.52 0 39.409
J79 J79 613,819.16 1,181,097.51 1,575.57 0.57 39.397
J33 J33 613,999.65 1,180,998.23 1,579.37 0 39.172

J126 J126 613,897.01 1,181,196.20 1,571.62 0 39.063

J264 J264 614,247.20 1,180,819.19 1,574.72 0 38.751
J286 J286 614,127.50 1,180,938.84 1,579.94 0 38.678
J265 J265 614,274.60 1,180,866.86 1,573.41 0 38.435
J153 J153 614,057.83 1,181,199.56 1,569.99 0.57 38.341
J270 J270 614,307.15 1,180,796.47 1,573.32 0.00 38.253
J275 J275 614,257.92 1,180,901.06 1,573.52 0.57 37.925
J306 J306 613,765.45 1,180,839.29 1,579.03 0 37.818
J267 J267 614,250.69 1,180,919.91 1,573.38 0 37.429
J254 J254 614,109.29 1,180,792.79 1,580.34 0.57 36.685
80 80 613,825.55 1,181,084.78 1,578.38 0 36.651
J155 J155 614,041.90 1,181,176.14 1,571.77 0 36.591
J285 J285 614,087.81 1,180,943.01 1,582.29 0 36.421
J268 J268 614,293.03 1,180,829.02 1,576.65 0 36.019
J29 J29 614,090.67 1,180,886.75 1,582.54 0 35.639
J77 J77 613,859.29 1,181,107.62 1,578.96 0 35.596
J124 J124 613,915.55 1,181,158.81 1,576.81 0 35.316
J78 J78 613,856.15 1,181,116.00 1,578.99 0 35.201
J81 J81 613,833.42 1,181,055.08 1,580.54 0 35.172
J269 J269 614,300.11 1,180,815.76 1,577.35 0.57 35.167
J50 J50 613,936.14 1,181,105.75 1,578.49 0 34.872
J276 J276 614,229.95 1,180,874.83 1,576.97 0 34.596
J19 J19 613,878.25 1,180,956.81 1,583.27 0 34.419
J49 J49 613,945.22 1,181,084.36 1,577.82 0 34.097
J17 J17 613,895.71 1,180,921.98 1,584.19 0 34.08
J75 J75 613,880.69 1,181,111.40 1,579.89 0 34.056
J73 J73 613,916.52 1,181,117.74 1,579.62 0 33.926
J76 J76 613,879.21 1,181,120.19 1,580.02 0 33.923
J20 J20 613,870.39 1,180,986.88 1,583.57 0 33.9
J46 J46 613,906.26 1,181,039.60 1,582.25 0.19 33.852

71 71 613,927.84 1,181,099.56 1,578.80 0 33.776

J22 J22 613,848.89 1,181,019.08 1,583.42 0.1 33.163
J74 J74 613,909.32 1,181,106.11 1,579.97 0 33.158
J28 J28 614,059.37 1,180,892.18 1,585.38 0 33.053
J21 J21 613,858.60 1,181,005.66 1,584.18 0 32.787
J27 J27 614,020.48 1,180,884.52 1,588.04 0 30.712
J16 J16 613,918.12 1,180,897.91 1,588.24 0 30.29
J10 J10 614,005.97 1,180,964.99 1,589.62 0 29.144
J262 J262 614,172.24 1,180,764.24 1,586.83 0 28.257
J282 J282 614,008.95 1,180,942.93 1,591.63 0 27.269
J261 J261 614,144.05 1,180,720.66 1,588.88 0 27.096
J7 J7 613,997.80 1,180,912.48 1,591.94 0 27.038
J244 J244 613,990.54 1,180,878.23 1,592.19 0.57 26.944
J250 J250 614,093.41 1,180,851.06 1,590.59 0 26.931
J6 J6 613,992.42 1,180,897.61 1,592.21 0 26.793
J258 J258 614,137.06 1,180,821.84 1,590.98 0.1 25.97
J283 J283 614,036.61 1,180,943.58 1,593.09 0 25.754
J8 J8 614,004.00 1,180,923.35 1,593.47 0 25.488
J12 J12 613,972.85 1,180,893.47 1,593.75 0 25.104
J249 J249 614,069.14 1,180,821.87 1,593.10 0 24.682
J14 J14 613,949.07 1,180,892.25 1,595.44 0 23.232
J4 J4 613,989.32 1,180,859.28 1,596.07 0 23.148
J245 J245 614,010.61 1,180,854.64 1,596.94 0 22.075
J252 J252 614,100.36 1,180,752.40 1,594.97 0 21.978
J259 J259 614,114.75 1,180,732.43 1,594.71 0.29 21.819
J247 J247 614,052.01 1,180,805.07 1,596.14 0 21.807
J248 J248 614,075.12 1,180,780.96 1,595.98 0 21.55
J246 J246 614,036.77 1,180,822.10 1,597.91 0 20.415
J2 J2 613,985.37 1,180,831.85 1,601.08 0 18.167
J3 J3 613,988.60 1,180,847.50 1,601.95 0 17.284

J253 J253 614,086.89 1,180,770.40 1,601.10 0 16.249
Annex 4 junction report on MiDD-I

Base
Elevation Flow Pressure
Junction Label X (m) Y (m) (m) (l/s) (m H2O)
J235 J235 615,000.25 1,181,817.15 1,498.03 0 120.639
J237 J237 615,040.06 1,181,870.77 1,498.05 0 120.611
WP=5 WP=5 615,073.67 1,181,890.36 1,498.09 0.02 120.572
J236 J236 615,041.71 1,181,854.54 1,498.05 0 120.507
J233 J233 614,954.97 1,181,760.78 1,512.02 0 106.683
J230 J230 614,891.08 1,181,691.41 1,518.98 0 99.63
J231 J231 614,887.49 1,181,696.42 1,520.12 0 98.606
J227 J227 614,786.88 1,181,569.40 1,523.01 0 95.733
J232 J232 614,961.15 1,181,754.41 1,523.02 0 95.591
WP-6 WP-6 615,082.18 1,181,880.96 1,523.13 0.02 95.469
J221 J221 614,677.59 1,181,455.39 1,523.45 0 95.304
J220 J220 614,681.86 1,181,447.38 1,523.84 0 94.894
WP-9 WP-9 614,679.26 1,181,339.37 1,525.05 0.02 93.988
J222 J222 614,718.76 1,181,481.71 1,525.05 0 93.657
J225 J225 614,755.73 1,181,531.96 1,526.09 0 92.663
J226 J226 614,790.57 1,181,561.75 1,526.02 0.02 92.631
J224 J224 614,757.77 1,181,522.08 1,526.87 0 91.811
J234 J234 615,012.23 1,181,814.17 1,526.89 0 91.724
J219 J219 614,646.44 1,181,428.51 1,528.05 0 90.719
J218 J218 614,648.97 1,181,421.49 1,528.55 0 90.217
J242 J242 614,651.95 1,181,312.74 1,530.02 0 89.031
J212 J212 614,491.78 1,181,179.73 1,532.01 0 87.06
J241 J241 614,630.91 1,181,290.72 1,532.01 0 87.047

J229 J229 614,830.06 1,181,627.93 1,532.04 0 86.716

J202 J202 614,490.21 1,181,256.18 1,533.81 0 85.133
J213 J213 614,458.03 1,181,186.48 1,534.03 0 85.047
J217 J217 614,602.76 1,181,399.27 1,533.80 0 85.025
J228 J228 614,838.05 1,181,629.27 1,535.02 0.02 83.628
J240 J240 614,604.97 1,181,262.67 1,536.04 0 83.028
WP-2 WP-2 614,426.68 1,181,363.87 1,536.04 0.03 82.994
J223 J223 614,713.95 1,181,489.74 1,536.03 0 82.747
J193 J193 614,453.15 1,181,251.73 1,536.28 0 82.672
J208 J208 614,575.19 1,181,354.67 1,536.25 0 82.612
J206 J206 614,559.83 1,181,314.94 1,537.31 0 81.585
J211 J211 614,591.87 1,181,228.77 1,538.03 0 81.044
WP-10 WP-10 614,609.04 1,180,849.41 1,538.05 0.02 81.035
J210 J210 614,577.46 1,181,213.15 1,538.07 0 81.006
185 185 614,413.67 1,181,344.51 1,538.04 0.01 81.002
WP-22 WP-22 614,103.88 1,181,500.04 1,538.20 0.03 80.867
WP-21 WP-21 614,025.31 1,181,537.41 1,538.21 0.02 80.853
187 187 614,399.28 1,181,353.94 1,540.05 0 78.993
J209 J209 614,545.21 1,181,188.48 1,540.56 0 78.524
J215 J215 614,387.08 1,181,186.58 1,541.42 0.02 77.68
J192 J192 614,411.94 1,181,274.96 1,541.80 0.01 77.203
J198 J198 614,420.40 1,181,046.42 1,542.50 0 76.603
WP-8 WP-8 614,363.21 1,181,388.57 1,542.49 0.03 76.55
J263 J263 614,197.65 1,180,789.30 1,543.12 0 76.013
J196 J196 614,397.02 1,181,140.97 1,543.41 0 75.693
J216 J216 614,590.38 1,181,379.37 1,543.23 0 75.638
J-167 J-167 614,032.28 1,181,498.64 1,543.89 0 75.181
J190 J190 614,387.00 1,181,282.39 1,544.21 0 74.835
J-170 J-170 614,064.03 1,181,471.14 1,544.36 0 74.72
J197 J197 614,399.96 1,181,104.03 1,544.82 0 74.287

J199 J199 614,438.85 1,181,003.31 1,545.08 0 74.035

WP-3 WP-3 614,190.93 1,181,357.26 1,545.25 0.01 73.832
J189 J189 614,367.01 1,181,257.57 1,545.48 0 73.609
J201 J201 614,457.72 1,180,928.90 1,545.73 0 73.387
J200 J200 614,444.89 1,180,977.60 1,546.14 0 72.968
J182 J182 614,381.99 1,181,285.63 1,546.30 0.03 72.769
J301 J301 614,488.97 1,180,903.49 1,546.78 0 72.332
J181 J181 614,360.55 1,181,276.24 1,546.81 0 72.263
WP-17 WP-17 613,632.47 1,180,986.45 1,546.99 0.01 72.124
WP-16 WP-16 613,630.52 1,180,975.87 1,547.16 0.01 71.962
J174 J174 614,162.20 1,181,359.21 1,547.21 0 71.87
J194 J194 614,353.06 1,181,242.88 1,547.25 0.02 71.844
J-169 J-169 614,038.66 1,181,455.54 1,547.31 0.03 71.779
J183 J183 614,394.56 1,181,298.42 1,547.34 0 71.731
J180 J180 614,344.07 1,181,248.72 1,547.54 0 71.538
WP-14 WP-14 614,143.63 1,180,891.95 1,547.87 0.01 71.28
WP-20 WP-20 613,879.94 1,181,435.23 1,548.00 0.01 71.115
J307 J307 613,737.36 1,180,811.61 1,548.34 0 70.797
J-165 J-165 614,043.17 1,181,423.23 1,548.75 0 70.344
J294 J294 614,336.57 1,181,012.71 1,549.79 0 69.343
J139 J139 613,891.25 1,181,436.30 1,550.00 0.02 69.119
J48 J48 613,951.39 1,181,094.18 1,550.06 0 69.08
J302 J302 614,544.47 1,180,883.92 1,550.09 0 69.025
J42 J42 613,955.76 1,181,070.77 1,550.20 0.01 68.941
J175 J175 614,135.31 1,181,358.82 1,550.33 0 68.762
J176 J176 614,102.01 1,181,357.04 1,550.77 0 68.319
J69 J69 614,310.94 1,181,203.78 1,551.13 0 67.97
J70 J70 614,305.80 1,181,210.28 1,551.20 0 67.901
J111 J111 613,665.28 1,180,997.51 1,551.80 0.01 67.325
WP-23 WP-23 613,971.18 1,181,077.51 1,552.10 0.01 67.043

J110 J110 613,674.15 1,180,984.77 1,552.28 0.01 66.852

115 115 613,673.29 1,181,006.72 1,552.74 0 66.392
J-164 J-164 614,051.06 1,181,396.16 1,552.77 0 66.329
J156 J156 614,020.26 1,181,150.24 1,553.00 0.03 66.122
J136 J136 613,890.91 1,181,392.45 1,553.82 0.01 65.312
J162 J162 614,043.52 1,181,359.00 1,553.93 0 65.168
J161 J161 614,051.44 1,181,326.13 1,554.53 0 64.579
J204 J204 614,533.25 1,181,272.54 1,554.43 0 64.549
J137 J137 613,913.83 1,181,389.26 1,554.74 0.02 64.388
J68 J68 614,264.67 1,181,182.29 1,555.56 0 63.555
WP-4 WP-4 614,355.63 1,181,032.43 1,555.76 0.01 63.384
J67 J67 614,270.35 1,181,174.62 1,555.93 0 63.19
J23 J23 613,888.27 1,180,941.47 1,556.21 0.02 62.959
J308 J308 613,691.01 1,180,761.33 1,556.26 0.01 62.888
J109 J109 613,695.08 1,181,004.03 1,556.52 0 62.622
J293 J293 614,289.88 1,181,019.26 1,557.32 0 61.83
WP-19 WP-19 613,832.00 1,181,309.44 1,557.78 0.02 61.366
J108 J108 613,710.42 1,180,994.90 1,557.97 0 61.178
J92 J92 613,827.35 1,181,288.53 1,558.32 0 60.828
J305 J305 613,794.22 1,180,864.48 1,559.03 0 60.134
J90 J90 613,826.25 1,181,240.05 1,559.38 0 59.775
J107 J107 613,715.24 1,181,010.63 1,559.41 0.01 59.737
J134 J134 613,890.53 1,181,342.72 1,559.74 0 59.406
J66 J66 614,215.90 1,181,145.73 1,559.81 0 59.335
J65 J65 614,223.19 1,181,138.32 1,560.04 0 59.1
J157 J157 614,016.78 1,181,166.31 1,560.45 0.03 58.691
J95 J95 613,825.82 1,181,215.12 1,561.10 0.02 58.057
J104 J104 613,734.62 1,181,009.54 1,561.27 0 57.893
J300 J300 614,381.51 1,180,901.31 1,561.35 0.02 57.803
J152 J152 614,070.58 1,181,275.09 1,561.66 0 57.478

WP-11 WP-11 614,292.72 1,180,685.37 1,561.83 0.02 57.328

J272 J272 614,309.32 1,180,759.81 1,562.28 0.01 56.884
wp-7 wp-7 614,156.11 1,181,272.30 1,562.36 0.01 56.782
J119 J119 613,711.43 1,181,090.30 1,562.55 0 56.61
J273 J273 614,298.51 1,180,728.49 1,562.87 0 56.287
J64 J64 614,166.90 1,181,111.13 1,563.72 0 55.428
J160 J160 614,141.74 1,181,257.09 1,563.96 0 55.187
J103 J103 613,743.74 1,181,042.58 1,564.15 0 55.012
WP-15 WP-15 613,650.25 1,180,726.67 1,564.23 0.01 54.932
J94 J94 613,825.26 1,181,203.04 1,564.25 0.01 54.915
J292 J292 614,244.56 1,180,995.02 1,564.50 0 54.667
J102 J102 613,751.22 1,181,037.86 1,564.50 0 54.664
J63 J63 614,174.36 1,181,100.38 1,564.53 0.01 54.619
J121 J121 613,708.03 1,181,126.66 1,564.81 0 54.349
J279 J279 614,242.63 1,181,029.62 1,564.85 0 54.317
J280 J280 614,233.89 1,181,011.57 1,564.87 0.01 54.299
WP-18 WP-18 613,709.68 1,181,150.30 1,564.96 0.02 54.204
J131 J131 613,888.69 1,181,297.14 1,565.13 0 54.03
J304 J304 613,828.14 1,180,898.31 1,565.23 0 53.95
J150 J150 614,071.74 1,181,234.68 1,565.36 0 53.792
J130 J130 613,880.04 1,181,247.31 1,565.77 0.01 53.396
J62 J62 614,137.30 1,181,091.71 1,565.80 0 53.364
J159 J159 614,106.93 1,181,228.60 1,565.86 0 53.295
J101 J101 613,761.24 1,181,053.75 1,565.97 0 53.204
J298 J298 614,343.25 1,180,910.73 1,566.21 0 52.953
J129 J129 613,893.07 1,181,249.24 1,566.25 0.02 52.915
J271 J271 614,308.28 1,180,778.65 1,566.48 0.03 52.687
J61 J61 614,147.83 1,181,080.18 1,566.65 0 52.51
J145 J145 613,971.14 1,181,218.66 1,567.28 0.02 51.88
J100 J100 613,762.46 1,181,071.91 1,567.48 0 51.694

J87 J87 613,821.22 1,181,180.45 1,567.55 0 51.622

J30 J30 614,127.23 1,180,876.84 1,567.89 0 51.301
J149 J149 614,070.72 1,181,208.31 1,568.48 0.03 50.677
J277 J277 614,250.97 1,180,955.10 1,568.55 0 50.63
J147 J147 614,022.92 1,181,196.48 1,568.68 0 50.483
J-58 J-58 614,101.79 1,181,067.48 1,569.49 0 49.686
J-277 J-277 614,110.86 1,181,088.86 1,569.50 0 49.674
J86 J86 613,818.10 1,181,157.80 1,569.69 0 49.488
J297 J297 614,296.99 1,180,912.42 1,569.77 0 49.407
J57 J57 614,106.43 1,181,056.61 1,569.80 0 49.382
J99 J99 613,781.92 1,181,079.02 1,569.86 0 49.325
J143 J143 613,934.37 1,181,206.58 1,569.85 0 49.319
J153 J153 614,057.83 1,181,199.56 1,569.99 0.03 49.176
J144 J144 613,967.88 1,181,201.14 1,570.12 0.02 49.054
J105 J105 613,776.41 1,181,088.22 1,570.32 0 48.866
J56 J56 614,080.65 1,181,058.86 1,571.40 0 47.793
J126 J126 613,897.01 1,181,196.20 1,571.62 0 47.552
J155 J155 614,041.90 1,181,176.14 1,571.77 0 47.398
J54 J54 614,060.32 1,181,050.70 1,572.56 0 46.634
J53 J53 614,064.76 1,181,044.09 1,572.92 0 46.277
J97 J97 613,794.01 1,181,100.09 1,573.00 0 46.189
J96 J96 613,802.76 1,181,091.64 1,573.27 0 45.926
J270 J270 614,307.15 1,180,796.47 1,573.32 0.03 45.86
J267 J267 614,250.69 1,180,919.91 1,573.38 0.01 45.811
J265 J265 614,274.60 1,180,866.86 1,573.41 0 45.781
J85 J85 613,818.29 1,181,139.57 1,573.46 0 45.729
J275 J275 614,257.92 1,180,901.06 1,573.52 0.02 45.67
J52 J52 614,029.91 1,181,042.85 1,574.00 0 45.199
J35 J35 614,023.67 1,181,031.02 1,574.45 0 44.752
J264 J264 614,247.20 1,180,819.19 1,574.72 0 44.477

J84 J84 613,818.24 1,181,123.89 1,574.88 0 44.318

WP-12 WP-12 614,192.37 1,180,928.13 1,575.46 0 43.74
J83 J83 613,816.41 1,181,109.82 1,575.52 0.03 43.679
J79 J79 613,819.16 1,181,097.51 1,575.57 0.03 43.631
J268 J268 614,293.03 1,180,829.02 1,576.65 0 42.543
J124 J124 613,915.55 1,181,158.81 1,576.81 0 42.378
J276 J276 614,229.95 1,180,874.83 1,576.97 0 42.225
J269 J269 614,300.11 1,180,815.76 1,577.35 0.03 41.851
J34 J34 613,991.89 1,181,018.79 1,577.56 0 41.656
J287 J287 614,163.04 1,180,939.59 1,577.70 0 41.503
J49 J49 613,945.22 1,181,084.36 1,577.82 0 41.374
J25 J25 613,855.73 1,180,921.35 1,578.07 0.01 41.138
J80 J80 613,825.55 1,181,084.78 1,578.38 0 40.825
J50 J50 613,936.14 1,181,105.75 1,578.49 0 40.705
J71 J71 613,927.84 1,181,099.56 1,578.80 0 40.402
J77 J77 613,859.29 1,181,107.62 1,578.96 0 40.243
J78 J78 613,856.15 1,181,116.00 1,578.99 0 40.208
J306 J306 613,765.45 1,180,839.29 1,579.03 0 40.171
J33 J33 613,999.65 1,180,998.23 1,579.37 0 39.848
J73 J73 613,916.52 1,181,117.74 1,579.62 0.03 39.582
J75 J75 613,880.69 1,181,111.40 1,579.89 0 39.311
J286 J286 614,127.50 1,180,938.84 1,579.94 0.01 39.27
J74 J74 613,909.32 1,181,106.11 1,579.97 0 39.236
J76 J76 613,879.21 1,181,120.19 1,580.02 0 39.18
J254 J254 614,109.29 1,180,792.79 1,580.34 0.02 38.875
J81 J81 613,833.42 1,181,055.08 1,580.54 0 38.67
J46 J46 613,906.26 1,181,039.60 1,582.25 0.01 36.962
J285 J285 614,087.81 1,180,943.01 1,582.29 0.01 36.928
J29 J29 614,090.67 1,180,886.75 1,582.54 0 36.679
J19 J19 613,878.25 1,180,956.81 1,583.27 0 35.956

J22 J22 613,848.89 1,181,019.08 1,583.42 0.05 35.799

J20 J20 613,870.39 1,180,986.88 1,583.57 0 35.65
J21 J21 613,858.60 1,181,005.66 1,584.18 0 35.046
J17 J17 613,895.71 1,180,921.98 1,584.19 0 35.041
J28 J28 614,059.37 1,180,892.18 1,585.38 0 33.847
J262 J262 614,172.24 1,180,764.24 1,586.83 0 32.391
J27 J27 614,020.48 1,180,884.52 1,588.04 0 31.198
J16 J16 613,918.12 1,180,897.91 1,588.24 0 30.999
J261 J261 614,144.05 1,180,720.66 1,588.88 0 30.348
J10 J10 614,005.97 1,180,964.99 1,589.62 0 29.621
J250 J250 614,093.41 1,180,851.06 1,590.59 0.02 28.648
J258 J258 614,137.06 1,180,821.84 1,590.98 0.02 28.253
J282 J282 614,008.95 1,180,942.93 1,591.63 0 27.616
J7 J7 613,997.80 1,180,912.48 1,591.94 0 27.304
J244 J244 613,990.54 1,180,878.23 1,592.19 0.02 27.06
J6 J6 613,992.42 1,180,897.61 1,592.21 0 27.033
J283 J283 614,036.61 1,180,943.58 1,593.09 0 26.157
J249 J249 614,069.14 1,180,821.87 1,593.10 0 26.147
J8 J8 614,004.00 1,180,923.35 1,593.47 0 25.774
J12 J12 613,972.85 1,180,893.47 1,593.75 0 25.497
J259 J259 614,114.75 1,180,732.43 1,594.71 0 24.532
J252 J252 614,100.36 1,180,752.40 1,594.97 0 24.271
J14 J14 613,949.07 1,180,892.25 1,595.44 0 23.807
J248 J248 614,075.12 1,180,780.96 1,595.98 0 23.266
J4 J4 613,989.32 1,180,859.28 1,596.07 0 23.188
J247 J247 614,052.01 1,180,805.07 1,596.14 0.02 23.114
J245 J245 614,010.61 1,180,854.64 1,596.94 0 22.317
J246 J246 614,036.77 1,180,822.10 1,597.91 0 21.345
J2 J2 613,985.37 1,180,831.85 1,601.08 0 18.183
J253 J253 614,086.89 1,180,770.40 1,601.10 0.03 18.158

J3 J3 613,988.60 1,180,847.50 1,601.95 0 17.314
ANNEX 5Junctio report on phd-II

Elevation Base Pressure (m
Junction Label X (m) Y (m) (m) Flow (l/s) H2O)
WP-14 WP-14 614,143.63 1,180,891.95 1,547.87 0.57 60.533
J23 J23 613,888.27 1,180,941.47 1,556.21 0.95 59.702
J307 J307 613,737.36 1,180,811.61 1,548.34 0 59.071
WP-16 WP-16 613,630.52 1,180,975.87 1,547.16 0.28 55.616
J263 J263 614,197.65 1,180,789.30 1,543.12 0.95 55.48
J189 J189 614,367.01 1,181,257.57 1,545.48 0 53.15
J194 J194 614,353.06 1,181,242.88 1,547.25 0.95 51.724
J305 J305 613,794.22 1,180,864.48 1,559.03 0 51.698
J110 J110 613,674.15 1,180,984.77 1,552.28 0 51.242
J48 J48 613,951.39 1,181,094.18 1,550.06 0 51.173
J42 J42 613,955.76 1,181,070.77 1,550.20 0.48 50.799
J190 J190 614,387.00 1,181,282.39 1,544.21 0 49.498
J308 J308 613,691.01 1,180,761.33 1,556.26 0 48.261
WP-23 WP-23 613,971.18 1,181,077.51 1,552.10 0.48 48.034
J202 J202 614,490.21 1,181,256.18 1,533.81 0 48.002
J69 J69 614,310.94 1,181,203.78 1,551.13 0 48.001
J192 J192 614,411.94 1,181,274.96 1,541.80 0 47.916
J304 J304 613,828.14 1,180,898.31 1,565.23 0 47.548
J67 J67 614,270.35 1,181,174.62 1,555.93 0 46.279
J108 J108 613,710.42 1,180,994.90 1,557.97 0 46.189
J193 J193 614,453.15 1,181,251.73 1,536.28 0 46.169
J65 J65 614,223.19 1,181,138.32 1,560.04 0 45.825
J104 J104 613,734.62 1,181,009.54 1,561.27 0 43.371
J35 J35 614,023.67 1,181,031.02 1,574.45 0 41.965
J30 J30 614,127.23 1,180,876.84 1,567.89 0 41.881
J52 J52 614,029.91 1,181,042.85 1,574.00 0 41.741
J54 J54 614,060.32 1,181,050.70 1,572.56 0 41.607

J63 J63 614,174.36 1,181,100.38 1,564.53 0 41.506

J61 J61 614,147.83 1,181,080.18 1,566.65 0 41.427
WP-12 WP-12 614,192.37 1,180,928.13 1,575.46 0.19 41.303
J57 J57 614,106.43 1,181,056.61 1,569.80 0 41.206
J53 J53 614,064.76 1,181,044.09 1,572.92 0 40.765
J102 J102 613,751.22 1,181,037.86 1,564.50 0 40.684
J236 J236 615,041.71 1,181,854.54 1,498.05 0 39.793
J101 J101 613,761.24 1,181,053.75 1,565.97 0 39.535
J34 J34 613,991.89 1,181,018.79 1,577.56 0 39.414
J56 J56 614,080.65 1,181,058.86 1,571.40 0 39.366
J287 J287 614,163.04 1,180,939.59 1,577.70 0 39.311
J119 J119 613,711.43 1,181,090.30 1,562.55 0 38.823
WP-15 WP-15 613,650.25 1,180,726.67 1,564.23 0.48 38.024
J33 J33 613,999.65 1,180,998.23 1,579.37 0 37.955
58 58 614,101.79 1,181,067.48 1,569.49 0 37.718
J286 J286 614,127.50 1,180,938.84 1,579.94 0 37.356
J25 J25 613,855.73 1,180,921.35 1,578.07 0 36.264
J99 J99 613,781.92 1,181,079.02 1,569.86 0 36.192
J206 J206 614,559.83 1,181,314.94 1,537.31 0 36.042
J121 J121 613,708.03 1,181,126.66 1,564.81 0 35.535
J100 J100 613,762.46 1,181,071.91 1,567.48 0 35.427
J285 J285 614,087.81 1,180,943.01 1,582.29 0 35.324
WP-18 WP-18 613,709.68 1,181,150.30 1,564.96 0.38 34.724
J-277 J-277 614,110.86 1,181,088.86 1,569.50 0 34.118
J66 J66 614,215.90 1,181,145.73 1,559.81 0 33.794
J62 J62 614,137.30 1,181,091.71 1,565.80 0 33.699
J105 J105 613,776.41 1,181,088.22 1,570.32 0.95 33.567
J96 J96 613,802.76 1,181,091.64 1,573.27 0 33.195
J95 J95 613,825.82 1,181,215.12 1,561.10 0.95 32.516
J156 J156 614,020.26 1,181,150.24 1,553.00 0.95 32.406
WP-17 WP-17 613,632.47 1,180,986.45 1,546.99 0.28 32.326
J17 J17 613,895.71 1,180,921.98 1,584.19 0 32.243

J19 J19 613,878.25 1,180,956.81 1,583.27 0 31.491

J79 J79 613,819.16 1,181,097.51 1,575.57 0.95 31.186
J83 J83 613,816.41 1,181,109.82 1,575.52 0.95 31.085
J97 J97 613,794.01 1,181,100.09 1,573.00 0 30.988
WP-22 WP-22 614,103.88 1,181,500.04 1,538.20 0.95 30.962
J86 J86 613,818.10 1,181,157.80 1,569.69 0 30.635
J92 J92 613,827.35 1,181,288.53 1,558.32 0 30.626
J20 J20 613,870.39 1,180,986.88 1,583.57 0 30.572
J208 J208 614,575.19 1,181,354.67 1,536.25 0 30.551
J90 J90 613,826.25 1,181,240.05 1,559.38 0 30.396
J64 J64 614,166.90 1,181,111.13 1,563.72 0 30.286
J94 J94 613,825.26 1,181,203.04 1,564.25 0.95 30.121
J306 J306 613,765.45 1,180,839.29 1,579.03 0 30.117
J103 J103 613,743.74 1,181,042.58 1,564.15 0 30.072
J84 J84 613,818.24 1,181,123.89 1,574.88 0 29.862
J254 J254 614,109.29 1,180,792.79 1,580.34 0.95 29.811
J87 J87 613,821.22 1,181,180.45 1,567.55 0 29.798
J29 J29 614,090.67 1,180,886.75 1,582.54 0 29.512
J220 J220 614,681.86 1,181,447.38 1,523.84 0 29.397
J85 J85 613,818.29 1,181,139.57 1,573.46 0 29.253
J46 J46 613,906.26 1,181,039.60 1,582.25 0.1 29.198
J16 J16 613,918.12 1,180,897.91 1,588.24 0 28.93
J130 J130 613,880.04 1,181,247.31 1,565.77 0.95 28.915
J217 J217 614,602.76 1,181,399.27 1,533.80 0 28.89
J221 J221 614,677.59 1,181,455.39 1,523.45 0 28.71
J129 J129 613,893.07 1,181,249.24 1,566.25 0.95 28.657
80 80 613,825.55 1,181,084.78 1,578.38 0 28.616
J68 J68 614,264.67 1,181,182.29 1,555.56 0 28.571
J28 J28 614,059.37 1,180,892.18 1,585.38 0 28.571
J21 J21 613,858.60 1,181,005.66 1,584.18 0 28.498
J81 J81 613,833.42 1,181,055.08 1,580.54 0 28.47
J27 J27 614,020.48 1,180,884.52 1,588.04 0 28.285

J10 J10 614,005.97 1,180,964.99 1,589.62 0 28.268

J22 J22 613,848.89 1,181,019.08 1,583.42 0.05 28.165
J111 J111 613,665.28 1,180,997.51 1,551.80 0 28.101
J201 J201 614,457.72 1,180,928.90 1,545.73 0 27.954
WP-19 WP-19 613,832.00 1,181,309.44 1,557.78 0.95 27.888
J157 J157 614,016.78 1,181,166.31 1,560.45 0.95 27.5
115 115 613,673.29 1,181,006.72 1,552.74 0.38 27.368
J77 J77 613,859.29 1,181,107.62 1,578.96 0 26.806
J222 J222 614,718.76 1,181,481.71 1,525.05 0 26.771
J244 J244 613,990.54 1,180,878.23 1,592.19 0.95 26.709
J204 J204 614,533.25 1,181,272.54 1,554.43 0 26.64
J282 J282 614,008.95 1,180,942.93 1,591.63 0 26.618
J219 J219 614,646.44 1,181,428.51 1,528.05 0 26.577
J7 J7 613,997.80 1,180,912.48 1,591.94 0 26.528
J6 J6 613,992.42 1,180,897.61 1,592.21 0 26.327
J294 J294 614,336.57 1,181,012.71 1,549.79 0 26.282
J198 J198 614,420.40 1,181,046.42 1,542.50 0 26.15
J218 J218 614,648.97 1,181,421.49 1,528.55 0 25.873
J78 J78 613,856.15 1,181,116.00 1,578.99 0 25.814
J-170 J-170 614,064.03 1,181,471.14 1,544.36 0 25.653
J200 J200 614,444.89 1,180,977.60 1,546.14 0 25.495
J199 J199 614,438.85 1,181,003.31 1,545.08 0 25.486
WP-10 WP-10 614,609.04 1,180,849.41 1,538.05 0.57 25.34
J109 J109 613,695.08 1,181,004.03 1,556.52 0 25.339
WP-20 WP-20 613,879.94 1,181,435.23 1,548.00 0.95 25.318
J70 J70 614,305.80 1,181,210.28 1,551.20 0 25.22
J230 J230 614,891.08 1,181,691.41 1,518.98 0 25.174
J235 J235 615,000.25 1,181,817.15 1,498.03 0 25.093
J75 J75 613,880.69 1,181,111.40 1,579.89 0 24.954
J283 J283 614,036.61 1,180,943.58 1,593.09 0 24.946
J8 J8 614,004.00 1,180,923.35 1,593.47 0 24.942
J145 J145 613,971.14 1,181,218.66 1,567.28 0.48 24.914

wp-7 wp-7 614,156.11 1,181,272.30 1,562.36 0.28 24.793

J272 J272 614,309.32 1,180,759.81 1,562.28 0.38 24.53
J301 J301 614,488.97 1,180,903.49 1,546.78 0 24.502
J213 J213 614,458.03 1,181,186.48 1,534.03 0 24.477
J212 J212 614,491.78 1,181,179.73 1,532.01 0 24.438
J143 J143 613,934.37 1,181,206.58 1,569.85 0 24.372
J12 J12 613,972.85 1,180,893.47 1,593.75 0 24.346
J107 J107 613,715.24 1,181,010.63 1,559.41 0.57 24.145
J76 J76 613,879.21 1,181,120.19 1,580.02 0 24.122
J126 J126 613,897.01 1,181,196.20 1,571.62 0 24.055
71 71 613,927.84 1,181,099.56 1,578.80 0 23.971
J49 J49 613,945.22 1,181,084.36 1,577.82 0 23.958
WP-21 WP-21 614,025.31 1,181,537.41 1,538.21 0.76 23.876
J74 J74 613,909.32 1,181,106.11 1,579.97 0 23.635
J50 J50 613,936.14 1,181,105.75 1,578.49 0 23.614
J160 J160 614,141.74 1,181,257.09 1,563.96 0 23.545
J139 J139 613,891.25 1,181,436.30 1,550.00 0.95 23.514
J131 J131 613,888.69 1,181,297.14 1,565.13 0 23.514
J150 J150 614,071.74 1,181,234.68 1,565.36 0 23.502
J73 J73 613,916.52 1,181,117.74 1,579.62 0.95 23.464
224 224 614,757.77 1,181,522.08 1,526.87 0 23.376
WP-3 WP-3 614,190.93 1,181,357.26 1,545.25 0.28 23.328
J-169 J-169 614,038.66 1,181,455.54 1,547.31 0.95 23.22
J216 J216 614,590.38 1,181,379.37 1,543.23 0 23.088
J4 J4 613,989.32 1,180,859.28 1,596.07 0 23.053
J134 J134 613,890.53 1,181,342.72 1,559.74 0 22.949
J144 J144 613,967.88 1,181,201.14 1,570.12 0.48 22.84
J226 J226 614,790.57 1,181,561.75 1,526.02 0 22.774
J147 J147 614,022.92 1,181,196.48 1,568.68 0 22.635
J124 J124 613,915.55 1,181,158.81 1,576.81 0 22.598
J136 J136 613,890.91 1,181,392.45 1,553.82 0.38 22.399
J159 J159 614,106.93 1,181,228.60 1,565.86 0 22.397

J-167 J-167 614,032.28 1,181,498.64 1,543.89 0 22.196

J14 J14 613,949.07 1,180,892.25 1,595.44 0 22.129
J-165 J-165 614,043.17 1,181,423.23 1,548.75 0 21.944
J174 J174 614,162.20 1,181,359.21 1,547.21 0 21.838
J152 J152 614,070.58 1,181,275.09 1,561.66 0 21.596
J293 J293 614,289.88 1,181,019.26 1,557.32 0 21.586
J197 J197 614,399.96 1,181,104.03 1,544.82 0 21.349
J215 J215 614,387.08 1,181,186.58 1,541.42 0.95 21.342
J271 J271 614,308.28 1,180,778.65 1,566.48 0.95 21.286
J245 J245 614,010.61 1,180,854.64 1,596.94 0 21.276
J196 J196 614,397.02 1,181,140.97 1,543.41 0 21.247
J161 J161 614,051.44 1,181,326.13 1,554.53 0 21.17
J237 J237 615,040.06 1,181,870.77 1,498.05 0 21.086
J250 J250 614,093.41 1,180,851.06 1,590.59 0.95 20.779
J264 J264 614,247.20 1,180,819.19 1,574.72 0 20.603
J149 J149 614,070.72 1,181,208.31 1,568.48 0 20.463
J180 J180 614,344.07 1,181,248.72 1,547.54 0 20.452
J137 J137 613,913.83 1,181,389.26 1,554.74 0.57 20.096
J227 J227 614,786.88 1,181,569.40 1,523.01 0 19.712
J225 J225 614,755.73 1,181,531.96 1,526.09 0 19.548
J153 J153 614,057.83 1,181,199.56 1,569.99 0.95 19.513
J292 J292 614,244.56 1,180,995.02 1,564.50 0 19.317
J176 J176 614,102.01 1,181,357.04 1,550.77 0 19.278
J175 J175 614,135.31 1,181,358.82 1,550.33 0 19.173
J249 J249 614,069.14 1,180,821.87 1,593.10 0 18.926
J258 J258 614,137.06 1,180,821.84 1,590.98 0.2 18.846
WP=5 WP=5 615,073.67 1,181,890.36 1,498.09 0.57 18.723
WP-4 WP-4 614,355.63 1,181,032.43 1,555.76 0.57 18.688
J232 J232 614,961.15 1,181,754.41 1,523.02 0 18.49
J300 J300 614,381.51 1,180,901.31 1,561.35 0 18.301
J280 J280 614,233.89 1,181,011.57 1,564.87 0.95 18.145
J2 J2 613,985.37 1,180,831.85 1,601.08 0 18.128

J-164 J-164 614,051.06 1,181,396.16 1,552.77 0 18.068

J155 J155 614,041.90 1,181,176.14 1,571.77 0 17.85
J302 J302 614,544.47 1,180,883.92 1,550.09 0 17.689
J247 J247 614,052.01 1,180,805.07 1,596.14 0 17.369
J246 J246 614,036.77 1,180,822.10 1,597.91 0 17.265
J3 J3 613,988.60 1,180,847.50 1,601.95 0 17.213
J162 J162 614,043.52 1,181,359.00 1,553.93 0 17.091
J279 J279 614,242.63 1,181,029.62 1,564.85 0 16.963
J277 J277 614,250.97 1,180,955.10 1,568.55 0 16.924
J265 J265 614,274.60 1,180,866.86 1,573.41 0 16.712
J298 J298 614,343.25 1,180,910.73 1,566.21 0 16.325
J181 J181 614,360.55 1,181,276.24 1,546.81 0 16.22
J297 J297 614,296.99 1,180,912.42 1,569.77 0 16.166
J268 J268 614,293.03 1,180,829.02 1,576.65 0 15.963
185 185 614,413.67 1,181,344.51 1,538.04 0.95 15.927
WP-9 WP-9 614,679.26 1,181,339.37 1,525.05 0.57 15.927
J248 J248 614,075.12 1,180,780.96 1,595.98 0 15.788
J261 J261 614,144.05 1,180,720.66 1,588.88 0.95 15.778
J233 J233 614,954.97 1,181,760.78 1,512.02 0 15.441
J275 J275 614,257.92 1,180,901.06 1,573.52 0.95 15.393
J269 J269 614,300.11 1,180,815.76 1,577.35 0.95 14.648
J270 J270 614,307.15 1,180,796.47 1,573.32 0.95 14.547
J273 J273 614,298.51 1,180,728.49 1,562.87 0.95 14.415
WP-2 WP-2 614,426.68 1,181,363.87 1,536.04 0.95 14.317
J262 J262 614,172.24 1,180,764.24 1,586.83 0 14.289
WP-11 WP-11 614,292.72 1,180,685.37 1,561.83 0.38 14.232
J252 J252 614,100.36 1,180,752.40 1,594.97 0 14.181
187 187 614,399.28 1,181,353.94 1,540.05 0 13.639
J267 J267 614,250.69 1,180,919.91 1,573.38 0 13.528
WP-6 WP-6 615,082.18 1,181,880.96 1,523.13 0.38 13.394
J242 J242 614,651.95 1,181,312.74 1,530.02 0 13.24
J223 J223 614,713.95 1,181,489.74 1,536.03 0 13.174

J182 J182 614,381.99 1,181,285.63 1,546.30 0 13.09

J241 J241 614,630.91 1,181,290.72 1,532.01 0 13.072
J231 J231 614,887.49 1,181,696.42 1,520.12 0 12.922
J210 J210 614,577.46 1,181,213.15 1,538.07 0 12.734
J209 J209 614,545.21 1,181,188.48 1,540.56 0 12.668
J259 J259 614,114.75 1,180,732.43 1,594.71 0 12.48
J234 J234 615,012.23 1,181,814.17 1,526.89 0 12.414
J276 J276 614,229.95 1,180,874.83 1,576.97 0 12.298
J211 J211 614,591.87 1,181,228.77 1,538.03 0 11.501
J228 J228 614,838.05 1,181,629.27 1,535.02 0.41 11.466
J240 J240 614,604.97 1,181,262.67 1,536.04 0 11.323
J183 J183 614,394.56 1,181,298.42 1,547.34 0 10.624
WP-8 WP-8 614,363.21 1,181,388.57 1,542.49 0.28 10.379
J253 J253 614,086.89 1,180,770.40 1,601.10 0 9.86
J229 J229 614,830.06 1,181,627.93 1,532.04 0 6.354
Annex 6 Pipe report on phd-II

Fro Pressure
m Hazen- Pipe
PIP Nod To Lengt Diamete Materia discharg William Headlos Velocit
E e Node h (m) r (mm) l e (l/s) sC s (m) y (m/s)
P-87 58 J-277 23.16 39.6 HDPE 3.13 130 3.6 2.55
P-
179 71 J49 23.16 25.2 HDPE 0.47 130 0.99 0.95
P-
175 80 J77 40.84 99.6 HDPE 14.63 130 1.23 1.88
P-50 80 J79 14.33 87.8 HDPE 7.6 130 0.24 1.26
P-75 115 J111 12.19 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.2 0.57
P-
172 185 WP-2 23.47 25.2 HDPE 0.95 130 3.61 1.9
P- 185 187 17.07 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.28 0.57

173
P-
174 187 WP-8 49.99 25.2 HDPE 0.29 130 0.83 0.57
P-
159 224 J226 51.51 25.2 HDPE 0.38 130 1.45 0.76
P- J-
226 164 J-165 28.35 75.6 HDPE 2.66 130 0.14 0.59
P- J-
227 165 J-169 32.61 75.6 HDPE 2.66 130 0.16 0.59
P- J- WP-
229 167 21 39.32 25.2 HDPE 0.76 130 4 1.52
P- J-
230 169 J-170 29.87 39.6 HDPE 0.95 130 0.51 0.77
P- J-
228 169 J-167 43.59 25.2 HDPE 0.76 130 4.44 1.52
P- J- WP-
231 170 22 49.38 39.6 HDPE 0.95 130 0.84 0.77
J-
P-88 277 J62 26.52 39.6 HDPE 3.13 130 4.12 2.55
P-2 J2 J3 15.85 251.8 HDPE 47.46 130 0.05 0.95
P-3 J3 J4 11.89 251.8 HDPE 47.46 130 0.03 0.95
P-6 J4 J245 21.64 99.6 HDPE 17.49 130 0.91 2.24
P-4 J4 J244 18.9 159.6 HDPE 29.98 130 0.22 1.5
P-21 J6 J12 20.12 127.6 HDPE 23.8 130 0.45 1.86
P-35 J6 J7 15.85 99.6 HDPE 5.22 130 0.07 0.67
P-36 J7 J8 12.5 99.6 HDPE 5.22 130 0.06 0.67
P-37 J8 J282 20.12 87.8 HDPE 5.22 130 0.17 0.86
P-80 J10 J33 33.83 75.6 HDPE 5.03 130 0.54 1.12
P-22 J12 J14 23.77 127.6 HDPE 23.8 130 0.53 1.86
P-23 J14 J16 31.39 143.6 HDPE 23.8 130 0.39 1.47

P-24 J16 J17 32.92 127.6 HDPE 23.8 130 0.73 1.86
P-25 J17 J23 20.73 127.6 HDPE 23.8 130 0.46 1.86
P-32 J19 J20 31.09 127.6 HDPE 22.38 130 0.62 1.75
P-33 J20 J21 22.25 99.6 HDPE 22.38 130 1.47 2.87
P-34 J21 J22 16.46 99.6 HDPE 22.38 130 1.09 2.87
P-
181 J22 J46 60.96 25.2 HDPE 0.1 130 0.13 0.19
P-48 J22 J81 39.32 99.6 HDPE 22.23 130 2.57 2.85
P-31 J23 J19 18.29 99.6 HDPE 22.38 130 1.21 2.87
P-26 J23 J25 38.1 25.2 HDPE 0.47 130 1.63 0.95
P-27 J25 J304 35.97 25.2 HDPE 0.47 130 1.53 0.95
P-8 J27 J28 39.62 25.2 HDPE 0.57 130 2.37 1.14
P-9 J28 J29 31.7 25.2 HDPE 0.57 130 1.9 1.14
P-10 J29 J30 37.8 25.2 HDPE 0.57 130 2.26 1.14
WP-
P-11 J30 14 22.25 25.2 HDPE 0.57 130 1.33 1.14
P-81 J33 J34 21.95 75.6 HDPE 5.03 130 0.35 1.12
P-82 J34 J35 34.14 75.6 HDPE 5.03 130 0.55 1.12
P-83 J35 J52 13.41 59.8 HDPE 5.03 130 0.67 1.79
P- WP-
187 J48 23 25.91 25.2 HDPE 0.47 130 1.1 0.95
P-
180 J49 J42 17.07 25.2 HDPE 0.47 130 0.73 0.95
P-
186 J50 J48 19.2 25.2 HDPE 0.47 130 0.82 0.95
P-84 J52 J54 31.39 59.8 HDPE 5.03 130 1.58 1.79
P-
133 J53 J57 43.59 39.6 HDPE 1.9 130 2.68 1.54
P-85 J54 J56 21.95 39.6 HDPE 3.13 130 3.41 2.55
P- J54 J53 7.92 39.6 HDPE 1.9 130 0.49 1.54

132
P-86 J56 58 22.86 39.6 HDPE 3.13 130 3.55 2.55
P-
134 J57 J61 47.55 39.6 HDPE 1.9 130 2.92 1.54
P-
135 J61 J63 33.22 39.6 HDPE 1.9 130 2.04 1.54
P-89 J62 J64 35.36 39.6 HDPE 3.13 130 5.5 2.55
P-
136 J63 J65 61.87 75.6 HDPE 1.9 130 0.16 0.42
P-90 J64 J66 60.05 75.6 HDPE 3.13 130 0.4 0.7
P-
137 J65 J67 59.44 39.6 HDPE 1.9 130 3.65 1.54
P-91 J66 J68 60.96 39.6 HDPE 3.13 130 9.48 2.55
P-
138 J67 J69 49.99 39.6 HDPE 1.9 130 3.07 1.54
P-92 J68 J70 49.68 39.6 HDPE 3.13 130 7.72 2.55
P-
139 J69 J194 57.61 75.6 HDPE 1.9 130 0.15 0.42
P-93 J70 J180 54.25 39.6 HDPE 3.13 150 8.43 2.55
P-
185 J73 J50 22.86 25.2 HDPE 0.47 150 0.98 0.95
P-
200 J73 J124 41.15 75.6 HDPE 12.73 150 3.67 2.84
P-
178 J74 71 19.51 25.2 HDPE 0.47 150 0.83 0.95
P-
177 J75 J74 29.26 25.2 HDPE 0.47 150 1.25 0.95
P-
184 J76 J73 37.49 99.6 HDPE 14.15 150 1.06 1.82
P- J77 J75 21.64 25.2 HDPE 0.47 150 0.92 0.95

176
P-
182 J77 J78 8.84 75.6 HDPE 14.15 150 0.96 3.15
P-
183 J78 J76 23.47 99.6 HDPE 14.15 150 0.67 1.82
P-51 J79 J83 12.5 87.8 HDPE 6.36 150 0.15 1.05
P-61 J79 J96 17.37 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.29 0.57
P-49 J81 80 30.78 99.6 HDPE 22.23 150 2.01 2.85
P-52 J83 J84 14.33 39.6 HDPE 2.85 150 1.87 2.31
P-68 J83 J97 24.38 39.6 HDPE 2.56 150 2.61 2.08
P-53 J84 J85 15.54 39.6 HDPE 2.85 150 2.03 2.31
P-54 J85 J86 18.29 39.6 HDPE 2.85 150 2.38 2.31
P-55 J86 J87 22.86 39.6 HDPE 2.85 150 2.98 2.31
P-56 J87 J94 22.86 39.6 HDPE 2.85 150 2.98 2.31
P-59 J90 J92 48.46 39.6 HDPE 0.95 150 0.83 0.77
WP-
P-60 J92 19 21.34 25.2 HDPE 0.95 150 3.29 1.9
P-57 J94 J95 12.19 39.6 HDPE 1.9 150 0.75 1.54
P-58 J95 J90 24.99 25.2 HDPE 0.95 150 3.85 1.9
P-62 J96 J99 24.38 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.4 0.57
P-69 J97 J105 21.34 75.6 HDPE 2.56 150 0.1 0.57
P-63 J99 J101 32.61 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.54 0.57
P-76 J100 J119 54.25 25.2 HDPE 0.38 150 1.53 0.76
P-71 J100 J103 34.75 25.2 HDPE 1.23 150 8.7 2.48
P-64 J101 J102 18.9 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.31 0.57
P-65 J102 J104 32.92 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.55 0.57
P-72 J103 J107 42.67 25.2 HDPE 1.23 150 10.68 2.48
P-66 J104 J108 28.35 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.47 0.57
P-70 J105 J100 21.34 39.6 HDPE 1.62 150 0.97 1.31
P-73 J107 J109 21.34 25.2 HDPE 0.67 150 1.7 1.33

P-67 J108 J110 37.8 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.63 0.57
P-74 J109 115 21.95 25.2 HDPE 0.67 150 1.75 1.33
P- WP-
237 J110 16 44.5 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.74 0.57
P- WP-
236 J111 17 34.75 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.58 0.57
P-77 J119 J121 36.58 25.2 HDPE 0.38 150 1.03 0.76
WP-
P-78 J121 18 23.77 25.2 HDPE 0.38 150 0.67 0.76
P-
201 J124 J126 41.76 75.6 HDPE 12.73 150 3.73 2.84
P-
210 J126 J143 38.71 75.6 HDPE 7.98 150 1.46 1.78
P-
202 J126 J129 53.04 75.6 HDPE 4.75 150 0.76 1.06
P-
209 J129 J130 13.11 39.6 HDPE 0.95 150 0.22 0.77
P-
203 J129 J131 48.16 39.6 HDPE 2.85 150 6.27 2.31
P-
204 J131 J134 45.72 39.6 HDPE 2.85 150 5.96 2.31
P-
205 J134 J136 49.68 39.6 HDPE 2.85 150 6.47 2.31
P-
208 J136 J137 23.16 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 1.38 1.14
P-
206 J136 J139 43.89 39.6 HDPE 1.9 150 2.7 1.54
P- WP-
207 J139 20 11.28 39.6 HDPE 0.95 150 0.19 0.77
P- J143 J144 33.83 75.6 HDPE 7.98 150 1.27 1.78

211
P-
220 J144 J145 17.68 25.2 HDPE 0.47 150 0.75 0.95
P-
212 J144 J147 55.17 75.6 HDPE 7.03 150 1.64 1.57
P-
238 J147 J155 27.74 39.6 HDPE 1.9 150 1.71 1.54
P-
213 J147 J153 35.05 59.8 HDPE 5.13 150 1.82 1.83
P-
215 J149 J159 41.45 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.69 0.57
P-
221 J149 J150 26.52 87.8 HDPE 2.94 150 0.08 0.49
P-
222 J150 J152 40.54 39.6 HDPE 2.94 150 5.61 2.39
P-
223 J152 J161 54.56 39.6 HDPE 2.94 150 7.55 2.39
P-
214 J153 J149 15.54 59.8 HDPE 4.18 150 0.55 1.49
P-
239 J155 J157 26.82 39.6 HDPE 1.9 150 1.65 1.54
P-
240 J157 J156 16.46 25.2 HDPE 0.95 150 2.53 1.9
P-
216 J159 J160 45.11 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.75 0.57
P-
217 J160 wp-7 21.03 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.35 0.57
P-
224 J161 J162 33.83 39.6 HDPE 2.94 150 4.68 2.39
P- J162 J176 58.52 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.97 0.57

241
P-
225 J162 J-164 37.8 75.6 HDPE 2.66 150 0.19 0.59
P-
244 J174 WP-3 28.65 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.47 0.57
P-
243 J175 J174 26.82 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.44 0.57
P-
242 J176 J175 33.22 25.2 HDPE 0.29 150 0.55 0.57
P-94 J180 J181 32 39.6 HDPE 3.13 150 4.97 2.55
P-95 J181 J182 23.47 39.6 HDPE 3.13 150 3.65 2.55
P-96 J182 J183 17.98 39.6 HDPE 2.19 150 1.43 1.77
P-
171 J183 185 49.99 39.6 HDPE 2.18 150 3.98 1.77
P-
141 J189 J190 32 25.2 HDPE 0.95 150 4.93 1.9
P-
142 J190 J192 25.91 25.2 HDPE 0.95 150 3.99 1.9
P-
143 J192 J193 47.24 25.2 HDPE 0.95 150 7.27 1.9
P-
144 J193 J202 37.19 39.6 HDPE 0.95 150 0.63 0.77
P-
140 J194 J189 20.12 39.6 HDPE 0.95 150 0.34 0.77
P-
122 J196 J215 46.63 39.6 HDPE 1.52 150 1.9 1.23
P-
121 J197 J196 37.19 39.6 HDPE 1.52 150 1.51 1.23
P-
120 J198 J197 61.26 39.6 HDPE 1.52 150 2.49 1.23

P-
119 J199 J198 46.94 39.6 HDPE 1.52 150 1.91 1.23
P-
118 J200 J199 26.52 39.6 HDPE 1.52 150 1.08 1.23
P-
117 J201 J200 50.29 39.6 HDPE 1.52 150 2.05 1.23
P-
114 J201 J301 40.23 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 2.41 1.14
P-
145 J202 J204 46.02 39.6 HDPE 0.95 150 0.78 0.77
P-
146 J204 J206 49.99 25.2 HDPE 0.95 150 7.7 1.9
P-
147 J206 J208 42.67 25.2 HDPE 0.95 150 6.57 1.9
P-
148 J208 J216 28.96 39.6 HDPE 0.95 150 0.49 0.77
P-
126 J209 J210 40.54 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 2.42 1.14
P-
127 J210 J211 21.34 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 1.28 1.14
P-
128 J211 J240 36.27 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 2.17 1.14
P-
125 J212 J209 54.25 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 3.24 1.14
P-
124 J213 J212 34.44 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 2.06 1.14
P-
123 J215 J213 71.02 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 4.25 1.14
P-
149 J216 J217 23.47 25.2 HDPE 0.95 150 3.61 1.9

P-
150 J217 J219 52.43 25.2 HDPE 0.95 150 8.07 1.9
P-
156 J218 J220 41.76 25.2 HDPE 0.38 150 1.18 0.76
P-
155 J219 J218 7.32 25.2 HDPE 0.38 150 0.21 0.76
P-
151 J219 J221 41.15 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 2.46 1.14
P-
157 J220 J222 50.29 25.2 HDPE 0.38 150 1.42 0.76
P-
152 J221 J223 49.99 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 2.99 1.14
P-
158 J222 224 56.08 25.2 HDPE 0.38 150 1.58 0.76
P-
153 J223 J225 59.44 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 3.55 1.14
P-
154 J225 J227 48.77 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 2.92 1.14
P-
191 J226 J228 82.6 25.2 HDPE 0.38 150 2.33 0.76
P-
188 J227 J229 72.85 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 4.36 1.14
P-
192 J228 J230 81.69 25.2 HDPE 0.38 150 2.3 0.76
P-
189 J229 J231 89.31 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 5.34 1.14
P-
193 J230 J232 94.18 25.2 HDPE 0.38 150 2.66 0.76
P-
190 J231 J233 93.27 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 5.58 1.14

P-
197 J232 J234 78.64 25.2 HDPE 0.38 150 2.22 0.76
P-
194 J233 J235 72.24 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 4.32 1.14
P-
198 J234 J236 49.99 25.2 HDPE 0.38 150 1.41 0.76
P-
195 J235 J237 66.75 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 3.99 1.14
P-
199 J236 WP-6 48.46 25.2 HDPE 0.38 150 1.37 0.76
P- WP=
196 J237 5 39.01 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 2.33 1.14
P-
129 J240 J241 38.1 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 2.28 1.14
P-
130 J241 J242 30.48 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 1.82 1.14
P-
131 J242 WP-9 38.1 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 2.28 1.14
P-5 J244 J6 19.51 143.3 HDPE 29.03 150 0.36 1.8
P-7 J245 J27 31.39 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 1.88 1.14
P-12 J245 J246 41.76 87.8 HDPE 16.92 150 3.05 2.79
P-13 J246 J247 22.86 87.8 HDPE 16.92 150 1.67 2.79
P-46 J247 J249 24.08 39.6 HDPE 1.9 150 1.48 1.54
P-14 J247 J248 33.53 87.8 HDPE 14.07 150 1.74 2.32
P-15 J248 J253 15.85 87.8 HDPE 14.07 150 0.82 2.32
P-47 J249 J250 38.1 39.6 HDPE 0.95 150 0.65 0.77
P-17 J252 J259 24.69 75.6 HDPE 11.97 150 1.97 2.67
P-16 J253 J252 22.56 75.6 HDPE 11.97 150 1.8 2.67
P-19 J253 J254 31.7 39.6 HDPE 1.15 150 0.77 0.93
P-20 J254 J258 40.23 25.2 HDPE 0.2 150 0.35 0.4

P-18 J259 J261 31.7 75.6 HDPE 11.97 150 2.53 2.67
P-97 J261 J262 51.82 75.6 HDPE 11.02 150 3.54 2.45
P-98 J262 J263 35.66 75.6 HDPE 11.02 150 2.44 2.45
P-99 J263 J264 57.91 75.6 HDPE 10.07 150 3.35 2.24
P-
100 J264 J268 46.94 75.6 HDPE 10.07 150 2.72 2.24
P-
108 J265 J276 45.42 75.6 HDPE 5.51 150 0.86 1.23
P-
163 J267 J277 35.05 39.6 HDPE 1.52 150 1.43 1.23
P-
101 J268 J269 14.94 59.8 HDPE 4.56 150 0.62 1.62
P-
107 J268 J265 42.06 59.8 HDPE 5.51 150 2.5 1.96
P-
102 J269 J270 20.42 39.6 HDPE 3.61 150 4.12 2.93
P-
103 J270 J271 17.98 75.6 HDPE 2.66 150 0.09 0.59
P-
104 J271 J272 18.9 39.6 HDPE 1.71 150 0.96 1.39
P-
105 J272 J273 33.22 25.2 HDPE 1.33 150 9.54 2.67
P- WP-
106 J273 11 43.59 25.2 HDPE 0.38 150 1.23 0.76
P-
162 J275 J267 20.12 39.6 HDPE 2.47 150 2.01 2.01
P-
110 J275 J297 40.54 39.6 HDPE 2.09 150 2.97 1.7
P-
109 J276 J275 38.4 87.8 HDPE 5.51 150 0.35 0.91

P-
164 J277 J292 40.54 39.6 HDPE 1.52 150 1.65 1.23
P-
167 J279 J293 48.46 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 2.9 1.14
P-
166 J280 J279 20.12 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 1.2 1.14
P-79 J282 J10 22.25 75.6 HDPE 5.03 150 0.36 1.12
P-38 J282 J283 27.74 25.2 HDPE 0.19 150 0.22 0.38
P-39 J283 J285 51.21 25.2 HDPE 0.19 150 0.4 0.38
P-40 J285 J286 39.93 25.2 HDPE 0.19 150 0.31 0.38
P-41 J286 J287 35.66 25.2 HDPE 0.19 150 0.28 0.38
WP-
P-42 J287 12 31.39 25.2 HDPE 0.19 150 0.25 0.38
P-
165 J292 J280 19.81 39.6 HDPE 1.52 150 0.81 1.23
P-
168 J293 J294 47.24 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 2.82 1.14
P-
169 J294 WP-4 27.43 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 1.64 1.14
P-
111 J297 J298 46.33 39.6 HDPE 2.09 150 3.4 1.7
P-
112 J298 J300 39.32 39.6 HDPE 2.09 150 2.88 1.7
P-
113 J300 J201 81.08 39.6 HDPE 2.09 150 5.95 1.7
P-
115 J301 J302 58.83 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 3.52 1.14
P- WP-
116 J302 10 73.15 25.2 HDPE 0.57 150 4.37 1.14
P-28 J304 J305 47.85 25.2 HDPE 0.47 150 2.04 0.95

P-29 J305 J306 38.1 25.2 HDPE 0.47 150 1.63 0.95
P-30 J306 J307 39.32 25.2 HDPE 0.47 150 1.68 0.95
P-44 J307 J308 68.28 25.2 HDPE 0.47 150 2.91 0.95
WP-
P-45 J308 15 53.64 25.2 HDPE 0.47 150 2.29 0.95
P-1 tank J2 18.9 251.8 HDPE 47.46 150 0.06 0.95

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FINAL THESIS ON BORA TOWN WATER SUPPLY PROJECT 2017 GC

2.5.1 Mode of Service Determination ............................................................................. 12

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE ii

4.2 Submersible pump......................................................................................................... 31

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE iii

6.5.1 Water Meter ........................................................................................................... 54

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE iv

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE v

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE vi

a.m.s.l…………. … above mean sea level

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE vii

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE viii

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE ix

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE 1

1.1 Back ground of the project area

Figure 1Project location topography

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE 2

1.1.2 Socio Economic Characteristic

1.1.2.1 Economic Activities in Bora Town

1.1.3 Existing Sanitation condition

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE 3

1.1.4 Existing Water Supply

1.2.1 General Objective

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE 4

 To improve daily water requirement of each individual in the town

1.2.2 Specific Objective

1.2.3 Scope of the project

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE 5

2 POPULATION FORECASTING AND WATER DEMAND ASSESSMENT

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE 6

Table 2.1water supply design periods

Large towns >50,000 20 10 10

Medium towns 10,000 - 50,000 20 10 10

Small towns 2,000 - 10,000 15 15 -

Rural villages <2,000 15 15 -

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE 7

 Development of new industries,

2.2.2 Growth Rate

Low Variant (for large towns and surrounding rural villages)

Growth rate 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.7

Urban 4.8 4.1 4.2 4 3.9 3.8 3.6

Rural 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3

Medium variant (for medium towns, small town and

Urban 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.1 4 3.8 3.6

Rural 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.1 2 1.7 1.5

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE 8

Table 2.3CSA country level population growth rates

Year Growth rate (%) Remark

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE 9

P1= Po + r Po= Po (1+r)

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE 10

Figure 2.1population forecasted

 Industrial water demand

 Demands for public use.

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE 11

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HWRE 12

2.5.3 Projected Per Capita Water Demand by Mode of Service (l/c/d)

Source (WW DSE)

2.5.4 Per capita Domestic Projected Average Water Demand