The document discusses different number systems including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It covers how to convert between these number systems using division and multiplication algorithms.
The document discusses different number systems including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It covers how to convert between these number systems using division and multiplication algorithms.
The document discusses different number systems including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It covers how to convert between these number systems using division and multiplication algorithms.
The document discusses different number systems including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It covers how to convert between these number systems using division and multiplication algorithms.
system (Base 10). Some other number systems that we will work with are:
• Binary ® Base 2 • Octal ® Base 8 • Hexadecimal ® Base 16
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Characteristics of Numbering Systems
1) The digits are consecutive.
2) The number of digits is equal to the size of the base. 3) Zero is always the first digit. 4) The base number is never a digit. 5) When 1 is added to the largest digit, a sum of zero and a carry of one results. (10) 6) Numeric values are determined by the implicit positional values of the digits.
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Significant Digits
Binary: 11101101
Most significant digit Least significant digit
Hexadecimal: 1D63A7A
Most significant digit Least significant digit
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Binary Number System
• Also called the “Base 2 system”
• The binary number system is used to model the series of electrical signals computers use to represent information • 0 represents the no voltage or an off state • 1 represents the presence of voltage or an on state
• The easiest way to convert a decimal number to its
binary equivalent is to use the Division Algorithm • This method repeatedly divides a decimal number by 2 and records the quotient and remainder
• The remainder digits (a sequence of zeros and ones)
form the binary equivalent in least significant to most significant digit sequence
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Division Algorithm Convert 67 to its binary equivalent: 6710 = x2 Step 1: 67 / 2 = 33 R 1 Divide 67 by 2. Record quotient in next row
Step 2: 33 / 2 = 16 R 1 Again divide by 2; record quotient in next row
Step 3: 16 / 2 = 8 R 0 Repeat again
Step 4: 8 / 2 = 4 R 0 Repeat again
Step 5: 4 / 2 = 2 R 0 Repeat again
Step 6: 2 / 2 = 1 R 0 Repeat again
Step 7: 1 / 2 = 0 R 1 STOP when quotient equals 0
1 0 0 0 0 1 12 29.01.21 X= 1000011 Dr. Mufassra Naz (DCCN) 8 Binary to Decimal Conversion
• The easiest method for converting a binary number
to its decimal equivalent is to use the Multiplication Algorithm • Multiply the binary digits by increasing powers of two, starting from the right • Then, to find the decimal number equivalent, sum those products
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Multiplication Algorithm
Convert (10101101)2 to its decimal equivalent:
Binary 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 x x x x x x x x Positional Values 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
Products 128 + 32 + 8 + 4 + 1
17310
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Hexadecimal Number System
• Base 16 system • Uses digits 0-9 & letters A,B,C,D,E,F • Groups of four bits represent each base 16 digit
15,18310 29.01.21 Dr. Mufassra Naz (DCCN) 13 Octal Number System
• Also known as the Base 8 System
• Uses digits 0 - 7 • Readily converts to binary • Groups of three (binary) digits can be used to represent each octal digit • Also uses multiplication and division algorithms for conversion to and from base 10
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The basics: Binary numbers • Bases we will use • Binary: Base 2 • Octal: Base 8 • Decimal: Base 10 • Hexadecimal: Base 16 • Positional number system • 1012= 1×22 + 0×21 + 1×20 • 638 = 6×81 + 3×80 • A116= 10×161 + 1×160
