Synopsis BLDC

AIM/OBJECTIVE:-
The aim of this project is to design low cost “BLDC MOTOR SPEED CONTROLLER” .This motor is
intended to drive the small vehicle wheel .It is expected that this project provides the effective and easy
speed control of vehicle wheel.
It can be easily customized as per the requirement and available resources of the user.It is easy to
construct and operate by small manufacturers.
The idea has been successfully tested and working prototype has been developed.
TECHNICAL DETAILS:-
A BLDC motor has permanent magnets which rotate and a fixed armature, eliminating the problems of
connecting current to the moving armature. An electronic controller replaces the brush/commutator
assembly of the brushed DC motor, which continually switches the phase to the windings to keep the
motor turning. The controller performs similar timed power distribution by using a solid-state circuit
rather than the brush commutator system.
The controller contains 3 bi-directional drivers to drive high-current DC power, which are controlled by a
logic circuit. Simple controllers employ comparators to determine when the output phase should be
advanced, while more advanced controllers employ a microcontroller to manage acceleration, control
speed and fine-tune efficiency.
Following components are used to develop prototype
Micro controller 89C51:-

The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K
bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device
is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is
compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pinout.
Supply system:-
Since in laboratory 220 volt ac supply are available. So it is necessary to convert it into 5 volt supply.
Following components are used to convert 220 volt ac supply into 5 volt ac supply……
1.220 µf,25 V
2.1000µf 50V
3.22pf
4.7805 voltage regulator
5.1000 µf 35V
6.0.1µf disc
7.TIP122
8.11.0592 Mhz crystal
Position sensor:-
Hall sensors are used to sense the position of rotor.
INNOVATIVENESS AND USEFULNESS:-

Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors, also known as permanent magnet motors, are used today in
many applications. A new generation of microcontrollers and advanced electronics has overcome the
challenge of implementing required control functions, making BLDC motors more practical for a wide
range of uses.
Brushless DC (BLDC) motors find use in many applications ranging from printer head motors to large
conveyor belt drivers. With the upcoming 42-volt automotive electrical system, more mechanical loads
will be electrically driven. The electric motors driving these loads may be brushed DC motors or
brushless DC motors. Brushless DC motors will find use in applications that are constantly running.
Examples of such applications include water pumps, oil pumps, fuel pumps, gearbox hydraulic pumps, air
compressors, variable valve actuators, power steering pumps, air conditioning compressor and many
more.
Their introduction has redefined performance in electric model aircraft and helicopters, displacing
virtually all brushed electric motors. They have also encouraged a growth of simple, lightweight electric
model aircraft, rather than the previous internal combustion engines powering larger and heavier models.
The large power to weight ratio of modern batteries and brushless motors allows models to ascend
vertically, rather than climb gradually. The low noise and lack of mess compared to small glow fuel
internal combustion engines that are used is another reason for their popularity.
Legal restrictions for the use of combustion engine driven model aircraft in some countries have also
supported the shift to high-power electric systems.
Their popularity has also risen in the Radio Controlled Car, Buggy, and Truck scene, where sensor-type
motors (with an extra six wires, connected to Hall effect sensors) allow the position of the rotor magnet to
be detected. Brushless motors have been legal in RC Car Racing in accordance to ROAR (the American
governing body for RC Car Racing), since 2006. Several RC Car Brushless motors, feature replaceable
and upgradeable parts, such as sintered neodymium-iron-boron (rare earth magnets), ceramic bearings,
and replaceable motor timing assemblies. These motors as a result are quickly rising to be the preferred
motor type for electric on and off-road RC racers and recreational drivers alike, for their low
maintenance, high running reliability and power efficiency (most Sensored motors have an efficiency
rating of 80% or greater).
CURRENT STATUS OF PROJECT:-

1. Hardware Including Supply System, Microcontroller Is Completed.
2. Programming For Hall Sensor Is In Progress.
3. Connection of hall sensors with controller will be done after programming
MARKET POTENTIAL AND COMPETITIVE

ADVANTAGES:-
The Electronic Motor Drive (EMD) market for BLDC motors is booming and expected to grow from $290
million in 2003 to $1.3 billion in 2010, a compound annual growth rate of 34%.
With greater automation of facilities, the manufacturers of motor and motor control systems have been
compelled to improve the speed and precision of machine tools and quality control machines. Process
industries such as packaging, pharmaceuticals, and food processing have begun to increasingly adopt
motor technologies, with alternating current (AC) offerings stealing the march over direct current (DC)
products. Moreover, price reductions are also pushing end users toward investing in motors, especially
variable speed drive technologies.
BLDC motors have advantages overbrushed DC motors and induction motors. They have
better speed versus torque characteristics, high dynamic response, high efficiency, long operating life,
noiseless operation, higher speed ranges, rugged construction and so on. Also, torque delivered to the
motor,size is higher, making it useful in applications where space and weight are critical factors
Problems with DC motor

Regular maintenance is need due to the mechanical commutation.
o Sparking is seen at the commutator segments due to winding inductance .
o Carbon dust accumulated during sparking at commutator segments may short the
segments.
Heavy and Bulky Low Power density.

Synopsis BLDC

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Synopsis BLDC

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AIM/OBJECTIVE:-

Following components are used to develop prototype

Micro controller 89C51:-

INNOVATIVENESS AND USEFULNESS:-

CURRENT STATUS OF PROJECT:-

MARKET POTENTIAL AND COMPETITIVE

Problems with DC motor

Heavy and Bulky Low Power density.

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