5-STP Principle and Configuration ISSUE1.00

STP Principle and
Configuration
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Foreword
 This course will introduce STP (spanning tree protocol)
principle and configuration.
 STP is running on Ethernet switch, it will prune a tree

without loop in the network to solve the problem of loop.
Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe calculation process of spanning tree
 Describe the function of configuration BPDU
 Describe the flood process of topology change information
Contents
1. Problems Caused by Loop
2. Calculation Process of Spanning Tree
3. Configuration BPDU
4. Topology Change Information
Switch Forwarding Principle Review
PCA 1
SWA Destination
Destination MAC
port
00-0D-56-BF-88-10 00-0D-56-BF-88-10 E0/2
E0/2
00-0D-56-BF-88-20 E0/3
E0/3
..... .....
2 ..... .....
E0/5
3 Destination
Destination MAC
port
E0/6 00-0D-56-BF-88-10 E0/5
SWB
PCB 00-0D-56-BF-88-20 E0/6
..... .....
00-0D-56-BF-88-20 ..... .....
The First Problem Caused by Loop---
Broadcast Storm
Broadcast
1
PCA
SWA
4 2 3
SWB
Switch MAC Address Learning
Review
PCA 1
SWA Destination
Destination MAC
00-0D-56-BF-88-10 port
E0/2 00-0D-56-BF-88-10 E0/2
E0/3 ..... .....
..... .....
2
E0/5
3
Destination
Destination MAC
E0/6 port
PCB SWB 00-0D-56-BF-88-10 E0/5
..... .....
00-0D-56-BF-88-20 ..... .....
The Second Problem Caused by
Loop---MAC Table Flapping
PCA
SWA Destination
Destination MAC
00-0D-56-BF-88-10 port
E0/2 00-0D-56-BF-88-10 E0/2
E0/3 00-0D-56-BF-88-10 E0/4
E0/4
Wrong destination port
E0/5 E0/6
SWB
Contents
Calculation Process of Spanning
Tree－Select Root Switch
SWA
Root Bridge
32768.00e0-fc16-ee43
LANA LANB
SWB SWC
32768. 32768.
00e0-fc41-4259 LANC 00e0-fc41-43b9
LAND LANE
Calculation Process of Spanning Tree
－Select Root Port of non-root bridge
SWA
Root Bridge
32768.00e0-fc16-ee43
LANA LANB
Root Port Root Port
32768. SWB SWC 32768.

00e0-fc41-4259 LANC 00e0-fc41-43b9
LAND LANE
Calculation Process of Spanning
Tree－Select Designated Port
SWA
Root
32768.00e0-fc16-ee43
Designated port Designated port for
for LANA LANB
LANA LANB
SWB SWC
32768. 32768.
00e0-fc41-4259 LANC 00e0-fc41-43b9
Designated Designated Designated

Alternate port for LANE
port for LAND port for LANC Port
LAND LANE
Switch Port Role
Port role Description

Root port is the nearest port from root
Root Port
switch, it is in forwarding status.
It forwards data from network segment it
Designated
connects to root switch and data from
Port
switch to network segment it connects.
Alternate it doesn’t forward any data to network
Port segment it connects.
Possible Temporary Loop
SWA SWB
Root
E0/1
LANB
Designated port
E0/2
New Alternate port

LANC Continue forwarding
LANA
temporarily
Root port
E0/1
New designated
E0/2
LAND port
New Root
SWC SWD
Alternate port
New root port
Transform of Port Status
Disabled
Port enables Port disables
Listening
1
2 3 Port disables
Port disables 2
Blocking Learning
3
2
Forwarding
Port disables
Port Status Description
Port
Description
status
Port will not forward data, learn MAC address and calculate
Disabled
spanning tree
Port will not forward data and learn MAC address, but it will
Listening
calculate spanning tree, receive and send BPDU
Port will not forward data and learn MAC address; it will
Blocking
receive and deal with BPDU but not send BPDU.
Port will not forward data ,but it will learn MAC address,
Learning
calculate spanning tree, receive and send BPDU.
Port will forward data, learn MAC address, calculate
Forwarding
spanning tree, receive and send BPDU.
STP Basic Configuration－Physical
Topology
SWA
Root
E0/10 E0/20
LANA LANB
E0/10 E0/20
SWB E0/20 E0/10
LANC SWC
Designated
port for LANC
LAND LANE
STP Basic Configuration－
Configuration Command
SWA [Quidway]sysname SWA
Root [SWA]stp enable
[SWA]stp mode stp
E0/10 [SWA]stp priority 4096
E0/20
[Quidway]sysname SWB
[SWB]stp enable
[SWB]stp mode stp LANA LANB
[SWB]stp priority 8192
E0/10 E0/20
SWB E0/20 E0/10
LANC SWC
E0/24 [Quidway]sysname SWC
[SWC]stp enable
Designated [SWC]stp mode stp
port for LANC
LAND LANE
STP Basic Configuration－Verify
STP Global Status
[SWC]display stp
Protocol mode: IEEE compatible STP
"bridge ID (Pri.MAC) : 32768.00e0-fc41-43b9
The bridge times: Hello Time 2 sec, Max Age 20 sec, Forward Delay 15
sec
Root bridge ID (Pri.MAC) : 4096.00e0-fc41-4259
Root path cost: 200
Bridge bpdu-protection: disabled
Timeout factor: 3
STP Basic Configuration－
Verify STP Port Information
[SWC]display stp interface Ethernet 0/20
Port 20 (Ethernet0/20) of bridge is Forwarding
Port spanning tree protocol: enabled
Port role: Root Port
Port path cost: 200
Port priority: 128
Designated bridge ID (Pri.MAC) : 4096.00e0-fc41-4259
The Port is a non-edged port
Connected to a point-to-point LAN segment
Maximum transmission limit is 3 Packets / hello time
Times: Hello Time 2 sec, Max Age 20 sec
Forward Delay 15 sec, Message Age 0
BPDU sent: 4
TCN: 2, RST: 2, Config BPDU: 0
BPDU received: 806
TCN: 0, RST: 11, Config BPDU: 795
Contents
Configuration BPDU Encapsulate
DMAC SMAC Length Data FCS
01-80-C2-00- Configuration
LLC Header
00-00 BPDU
DSAP SSAP
Control
01000010 01000010
Content of Configuration BPDU
2 Bytes Protocol Identifier 0x0000
1 Bytes Protocol Version Identifier 0x00
1 Bytes BPDU Type 0x00
1 Bytes Flags 0x00
8 Bytes Root Identifier
4 Bytes Root Path Cost Check the best
8 Bytes Bridge Identifier BPDU
2 Bytes Port Identifier

2 Bytes Message Age
2 Bytes Max Age
2 Bytes Hello Time
2 Bytes Forward Delay
Important Parameters in
Configuration BPDU
Parameters Description
Root The identifier of switch which is taken as the root
Identifier by current switch sending the configuration BPDU.
The total cost of the shortest path from switch that
Root Path send configuration BPDU to root switch, it includes
Cost the cost of root port, but the cost of port sending
configuration BPDU is not included.
Bridge The identifier of switch that sends the configuration
Identifier BPDU
Port The identifier of port that sends the configuration
Identifier BPDU
Contents
Topology Change Causes MAC
Address Table Error
SWA
Root
Destination
Destination MAC
port
00-0D-56-BF-88-20 E1
Root port
LANA LANB ..... .....
..... .....
E1
E1 SWC
SWB wrong
LANC
E2 E2 destination port,
it should be E2
New root port
LAND LANE
00-0D-56-BF-88-20
Flood Topology Change Information
Root
SWA
Topology change
notification BPDU
SWB
Topology change
acknowledge
configuration BPDU
SWC Topology change

configuration BPDU
LAND
Encapsulate Topology Change
Notification BPDU
DMAC SMAC Length Data FCS
01-80-C2-00-00-00 Topology Change

LLC Header
Notification BPDU
DSAP SSAP
Control
01000010 01000010
Topology Change Notification BPDU
2 byte Protocol Identifier 0x0000

Protocol Version
1 byte 0x00
Identifier
1 byte BPDU Type 0x80
The Position of Flag in Configuration
BPDU
2 Bytes Protocol Identifier
1 Bytes Protocol Version Identifier
1 Bytes BPDU Type
1 Bytes Flags X 0 0 0 0 0 0 X
8 Bytes Root Identifier
4 Bytes Root Path Cost
8 Bytes Bridge Identifier Topology
2 Bytes Port Identifier change tag
2 Bytes Message Age Topology change

acknowledge tag
2 Bytes Max Age
2 Bytes Hello Time
2 Bytes Forward Delay
Summary
 How does STP calculate a tree without loop in the network?
 How does STP solve temporary loop problem?
 How does STP solve the problem of MAC address table
error caused by topology change?
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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STP Principle and

Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 STP is running on Ethernet switch, it will prune a tree

2. Calculation Process of Spanning Tree

4. Topology Change Information

Wrong destination port

2. Calculation Process of Spanning Tree

4. Topology Change Information

32768. SWB SWC 32768.

Designated Designated Designated

Port role Description

New Alternate port

Port enables Port disables

2. Calculation Process of Spanning Tree

4. Topology Change Information

DMAC SMAC Length Data FCS

2 Bytes Port Identifier

2. Calculation Process of Spanning Tree

4. Topology Change Information

SWC Topology change

DMAC SMAC Length Data FCS

01-80-C2-00-00-00 Topology Change

2 byte Protocol Identifier 0x0000

2 Bytes Message Age Topology change

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