Saudi Arabian Grid Code

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code
Issue: 01
Revision: 00
May 2007
Prepared by:
Saudi Electricity Company (SEC)
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or

transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without written permission of the Electricity & Cogeneration
Regulatory Authority.
CHRONOLOGY OF SAUDI ARABIAN GRID CODE REVISIONS
Sr.
Revision No. Date Detail of the Revision
No.
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) i

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHRONOLOGY OF SAUDI ARABIAN GRID CODE REVISIONS...................i
FOREWORD ................................................................................................viii
PREFACE.......................................................................................................ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...........................................................................xi
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL CONDITIONS.......................................................1

1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Scope....................................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Grid Code Implementation and Enforcement...................................................... 2
1.5 Settlement of Disputes .......................................................................................... 2
1.6 Unforeseen Circumstances................................................................................... 2
1.7 Suspension of Grid Code Provisions................................................................... 3
1.8 Illegality and Partial Invalidity............................................................................... 3
1.9 Force Majeure ......................................................................................................... 3
1.10 The Grid Code Supervisory Committee (GCSC) ................................................. 3
1.11 Grid Code Amendment or Derogation Process .................................................. 5
1.12 Communication between the TSP and Users...................................................... 7
1.13 Data, Notices, and Confidentiality ........................................................................ 8
1.14 Ownership of Plant and/or Apparatus.................................................................. 9
1.15 System Control....................................................................................................... 9
1.16 Code Interpretation ................................................................................................ 9

1.16.1 Precedence 9
1.16.2 Glossary and Definitions 9
1.16.3 Preface, Table of Contents, and Titles 9
1.16.4 Mandatory Provisions 9
1.16.5 Plural and Gender 10
1.16.6 Person or Entity 10
1.16.7 Amendment of Standards 10
1.16.8 Figures 10
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) ii

CHAPTER 2 CONNECTION CODE ..........................................................11

2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 11
2.3 Grid Connection Procedure ................................................................................ 11

2.3.1 General Provisions 11
2.3.2 Grid Impact Studies 13
2.3.3 Application for a New, or Modification of an Existing, Connection 13
2.3.4 Processing of the Application 14
2.3.5 Connection Agreement 16
2.3.6 Submittals Prior to the Commissioning Date 16
2.3.7 Commissioning of Equipment and Physical Connection to the Grid 17
2.4 Transmission System Performance ................................................................... 17

2.4.2 Frequency Variations 18
2.4.3 Voltage Variations 18
2.4.4 Harmonic Distortion 19
2.4.5 Voltage Unbalance 19
2.4.6 Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker Severity 19
2.4.7 Transient Voltage Variations 20
2.4.8 Grounding 20
2.5 Plant and Apparatus at Connection Points ....................................................... 20

2.5.2 Protection Equipment/Schemes 21
2.5.3 Operation and Maintenance Safety Conditions 23
2.5.4 Metering 24
2.5.5 Requirements for Generators 24
2.5.6 Requirements for Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers 27
2.6 System Services................................................................................................... 28
2.7 Site Related Conditions....................................................................................... 29

2.7.1 Responsibility for Operation and Maintenance 29
2.7.2 Responsibilities for Safety 29
2.7.3 Site and Equipment Identification and Labeling 29
2.7.4 Connection Point Drawings 31
2.7.5 Site Responsibility Schedules 33
2.7.6 Access to Sites 34
2.7.7 Maintenance Procedures 34
2.7.8 Site Operational Procedures 34
APPENDIX A2.1: Preparation of Site Responsibility Schedules ...................................... 36

A2.1.1 Principles 36
A2.1.2 Alterations to Existing Site Responsibility Schedules 37
A2.1.3 Responsible Managers 38
CHAPTER 3 PLANNING CODE................................................................40

3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 40
3.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 40
3.3 Grid Planning........................................................................................................ 40
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) iii

3.3.1 Grid Planning Responsibility 40

3.3.2 Grid Planning Process 41
3.3.3 Submission of Grid Planning Data 41
3.3.4 Consolidation and Maintenance of Grid Planning Data 44
3.3.5 Planning Criteria and Standards 44
3.3.6 Grid Planning Studies 44
APPENDIX A3.1: Standard Planning Data........................................................................... 46

A3.1.1 Historical Energy and Demand 46
A3.1.2 Energy and Demand Forecast 46
A3.1.3 Generating Unit/Station Data 47
A3.1.4 User System Data 48
Appendix A3.2: Detailed Planning Data .............................................................................. 52

A3.2.1 Generating Unit/Station Data 52
A3.2.2 User System Data 54
CHAPTER 4 OPERATING CODE .............................................................57

4.1 Chapter Overview................................................................................................. 57
4.2 Operational Demand Forecasts .......................................................................... 58

4.2.1 Introduction 58
4.2.2 Definitions 59
4.2.3 Objectives 59
4.2.4 Data Required by the TSP for Operational Demand Forecasting 59
4.2.5 Transmission System Forecasts 62
4.3 Outage Planning................................................................................................... 63

4.3.2 Definitions 64
4.3.3 Objective 64
4.3.4 Planning of Generating Unit Outages 64
4.3.5 Planning of Transmission System Outages 73
4.3.6 Data Requirements 76
4.4 System Services................................................................................................... 76

4.4.2 Objectives 77
4.4.3 Frequency Control 77
4.4.4 Voltage Control 78
4.4.5 System Control 81
4.4.6 Operating Margin 84
4.4.7 Black Start 87
4.5 Operational Liaison.............................................................................................. 89

4.5.2 Objectives 89
4.5.3 Procedure for Notification of Operations, Events, and Significant Incidents 89
4.5.4 Significant Incidents 90
4.5.5 Amber Alert 90
4.5.6 Significant Incident Reporting Procedure 90
4.6 Operational Communication between the TSP and Users............................... 91

4.6.2 Objectives 92
4.6.3 Contact Locations and their Adequacy 92
4.6.4 Communication Systems and Equipment 93
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) iv

4.6.5 Conditions of Monitoring and Recording Equipment 93

4.6.6 SCADA Systems 94
4.7 Contingency Planning ......................................................................................... 95

4.7.2 Objective 95
4.7.3 Terms and Conditions 95
4.7.4 Demand Control 97
4.7.5 System Restoration 98
4.8 Operational Testing ........................................................................................... 100

4.8.2 Objective 100
4.8.3 Operational Test Request 100
4.8.4 Establishing of the Test Group 101
4.8.5 Operational Test Program 102
4.8.6 Operational Test Report 103
4.9 Testing to Monitor, Investigate, and Verify Performance .............................. 104

4.9.2 Objective 104
4.9.3 Monitoring 104
4.9.4 Investigation 105
4.9.5 Testing to Verify Performance 105
4.9.6 Commissioning Tests 105
4.9.7 Generating Unit Capability Tests 107
4.10 Cross-boundary Safety Assurance .................................................................. 109

4.10.2 Objective 110
4.10.3 The Safety Rules 110
4.10.4 Safety at the Connection Point 110
4.10.5 Logs of Cross-Boundary Safety Precautions 111
4.10.6 Forms for Cross-Boundary Safety Precautions 111
4.10.7 Approval of Local Safety Instructions 111
4.10.8 Safety Representatives 112
4.10.9 Coordination on Safety Matters 112
CHAPTER 5 SCHEDULING AND DISPATCH CODE.............................116

5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 116
5.2 Objective ............................................................................................................. 116
5.3 Generation Scheduling...................................................................................... 116

5.3.1 Scheduling Process 116
5.3.2 Generator Declarations 117
5.3.3 Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters 118
5.3.4 Generator Nominations 118
5.3.5 Communication of Declarations and Nominations 118
5.3.6 The Generation Schedule 118
5.3.7 Issuance of Generation Schedule 122
5.3.8 Negative Minimum Demand Regulation (NMDR) 123
5.3.9 Inadequate Operating Margin 123
5.4 Generation Dispatch .......................................................................................... 124

5.4.2 Dispatch Instructions to Generators 124
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) v

5.4.3 Generation Synchronizing and Desynchronizing Times 125

5.4.4 Dispatch of Active Power 126
5.4.5 Dispatch of Reactive Power 126
5.4.6 Additional Dispatch Instructions 128
5.4.7 System Emergency Conditions 128
5.4.8 Generating Unit/Station Parameter Changes 129
5.4.9 Excitation Control System Mode of Operation 130
5.4.10 Dispatch Instructions for Distribution Entities and Directly-connected
Customers 130
5.4.11 Nature of Dispatch Instructions 130
APPENDIX A5.1: Generating Block/Unit Declaration....................................................... 133

A5.1.1 Availability Notice 133
A5.1.2 Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters 133
CHAPTER 6 DATA AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE CODE ..............134

6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 134
6.2 Objective ............................................................................................................. 134
6.3 Data and Information Categories and Registration ........................................ 135
6.4 Procedure and Obligations ............................................................................... 135
6.5 Data and Information Submissions.................................................................. 136
6.6 Data and Information to be Registered ............................................................ 137
APPENDIX A6.1: SCHEDULE FORMS ............................................................................... 139

Schedule 1: Generating Unit Technical Data 140
Schedule 2: Generating Unit/Station Outage Data 147
Schedule 3: Generation Operation Schedule Data 148
Schedule 4: Generation Operational Planning Data 149
Schedule 5: User System Data 150
Schedule 6: Connection Point Data 154
Schedule 7: Demand Control Data 155
Schedule 8: Scheduling and Dispatch Data 156
Schedule 9: User System Load Characteristics 158
Schedule 10: Fault Infeed Data 159
Schedule 11: User Demand Profiles and Active Energy Data 160
Schedule 12: Data Supplied by the TSP to Users 162
CHAPTER 7 METERING CODE..............................................................163

7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 163
7.2 Objective ............................................................................................................. 163
7.3 Metering Responsibility..................................................................................... 163
7.4 Metering Equipment........................................................................................... 164
7.5 Metering Point .................................................................................................... 164
7.6 Metering Parameters.......................................................................................... 165
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) vi

7.7 Metering Data Storage and Availability ........................................................... 165
7.8 Metering Equipment Standards ........................................................................ 167
7.9 Testing and Inspection of Metering Installations ........................................... 169
7.10 Main and Check Metering.................................................................................. 170
7.11 Timekeeping ....................................................................................................... 170
7.12 Metering Access and Sealing ........................................................................... 171
7.13 Repair and Maintenance of Metering Equipment............................................ 171
7.14 Approval, Certification, and Testing of Metering Equipment ........................ 172
7.15 Meter Reconciliation .......................................................................................... 172
GLOSSARY AND DEFINITIONS ................................................................174
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) vii

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Foreword
FOREWORD
This is the first issue of the Saudi Arabian Grid Code. This work has been
accomplished by extensive efforts from Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) and was
subjected to thorough technical and legal reviews by internationally renowned
consultants including ESBI of Ireland and CMS Cameron McKenna of UK as well as
a number of major Saudi stakeholders and the Electricity & Co-Generation
Regulatory Authority (ECRA).
The Grid Code is designed to indicate the procedures for both planning and
operational purposes and covers both normal and exceptional circumstances. It is
however a live working document. It will be, from time to time, subjected to changes
and/or revisions to reflect stages of development of the regulatory framework of the
industry and changes to comply with legislations and good industry practices. The
proposals for changes will be received by the Grid Code Supervisory Committee
(GCSC). The rules and responsibilities of the GCSC are described in section 1.10 of
the Grid Code. Upon receipt of such proposals for changes, the GCSC will carry out
the necessary process as appropriate to study these proposals and officially prepare
a report of recommendations to ECRA for its approval. The GCSC is a stakeholder
representative panel and its composition is laid down in section 1.10.3 of the Grid
Code.
As a user of this Grid Code, it is your responsibility to ensure that you acquire the
most up to date issue of the Grid Code which can be downloaded from ECRA’s web
site WWW.ECRA.GOV.SA.
This Preface is provided to users and to prospective users for their information only
and does not constitute a part of the Grid Code.
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) viii

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Preface
PREFACE
The Saudi Arabian Grid Code has been developed to define the rules and regulations
for various Participants for accessing and using the Transmission Grid of the Saudi
Electricity Company. The objective is to establish the obligations of the Transmission
Service Provider (TSP) and other Grid Users—Generators, Distribution Entities, and
Directly-connected Customers—for accessing and using the Grid, in specific to: (i)
define obligations, responsibilities, and accountabilities of all the parties towards
ensuring open, transparent, non-discriminatory, and economic access and use of the
Grid while maintaining its safe, reliable, and efficient operation; (ii) define minimum
technical requirements for the Participants; and (iii) set out the information exchange
obligations of the Participants.
Through its 7 chapters, the Saudi Arabian Grid Code attempts to cover matters such
as defining of technical, design, and operational criteria for Grid access and use,
planning for Grid development and reinforcement, System operation criteria and
standards, Scheduling and Dispatch of supply and demand resources, exchange of
data and information, and metering policies and systems to account for the Power
and Energy transactions in the Grid.
Chapter 1, General Conditions, contains provisions which are of general nature and
apply to all sections of the Grid Code. Their objective is to ensure that the various
sections of the Grid Code work collectively and in harmony with each other for the
benefit of all Participants.
Chapter 2, Connection Code, specifies basic principles and establishes a set of

technical, design, and operational conditions for the Users for connecting to and
using the Grid. It also contains information about the performance characteristics of
the Transmission System at the Connection Point to enable the Users to design their
own facilities and schemes accordingly.
Chapter 3, Planning Code, provides a framework for enabling the TSP and Users to
interact in relation to planning and development of the Transmission System and also
specifies the data and information that they have to exchange with each other for this
purpose.
Chapter 4, Operating Code, covers a host of topics relating to proper operation of the
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) ix

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Preface
Grid such as operational demand forecasting, Generation and Transmission

maintenance planning, providing and managing of system support services,
operational liaison between the TSP and Users and coordination of Safety, planning
for and dealing with system contingencies, and organizing and conducting of various
tests.
Chapter 5, Scheduling and Dispatch Code, specifies the responsibilities and

obligations of the TSP and Users with respect to Scheduling and Dispatch of
Generating Units and demand resources and sets out the procedure for supplying of
timely and accurate information by the Users to the TSP, the TSP’s preparing and
issuing of Generation Schedules, and issuing of Dispatch Instructions.
Chapter 6, Data and Information Exchange Code, sets out the obligations and
responsibilities of the TSP and Users in relation to the supply of data and information
to each other, and also lists the various categories of data and information to be
exchanged between the TSP and the Users.
Chapter 7, Metering Code, deals with metering and recording requirements for
Participants and clarifies on their obligations relating to such installations. It also sets
the minimum technical, design and operational criteria to be complied with by Grid
Participants relating to metering and data collection Equipment and installations.
The Glossary and Definitions at the end provides brief definitions and explanation of
the various terms that have been used in the various parts of the Grid Code. These
terms appear in the Grid Code with their initial letters in uppercase.
The provisions of the Grid Code have been organized using an hierarchical list style
numbering system. For instance, the provision numbered as 3.5.2.1, represents
clause number 1 of Chapter 3, section 5, and subsection 2. Similarly, the provision
numbered as 4.5.3.2 represents clause number 2 of Chapter 4, section 5, and
subsection 3.
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) x

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code List of Abbreviations
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
A ampere
AC alternating current
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator
CT Current Transformer
DC direct current
DPD Detailed Planning Data
(E)HV (Extra) High Voltage
GCSC Grid Code Supervisory Committee
HV High Voltage
Hz hertz
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ITU International Telecommunication Union
kA kilo ampere
kV kilo volt
kvar kilo var
kW kilo watt
kWh kilo watt hour
kvarh kilo var hour
LV Low Voltage
min minute
MVA mega volt ampere
Mvar mega var
Mvarh mega var hour
MW mega watt
MWh mega watt hour
NIOM Notification of Inadequate Operating Margin
NMDR Negative Minimum Demand Regulation
OD Operational Data
Plt Flicker Severity Index (Long-term)
Pst Flicker Severity Index (Short-term)
PSS Power System Stabilizer
PSS/E Power System Simulator/Engineering
PTI Power Technologies International
RMS root mean square
RPM revolutions per minute
RTU remote terminal unit
s second
SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition
SPD Standard Planning Data
STPM Short Term Planned Maintenance
TSP Transmission Service Provider
U Generating Unit
V volt
VA volt ampere
var volt ampere reactive
VT Voltage Transformer
W watt
Wh watt hour
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) xi

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Chapter 1: General Conditions
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL CONDITIONS
1.1 Introduction
This chapter contains provisions which are of general nature and apply to all
sections of the Grid Code. Their objective is to ensure, to the maximum
possible extent, that the various sections of the Grid Code work collectively
and in harmony with each other for the benefit of all Participants.
1.2 Objectives
The specific objectives of General Conditions are the following:

(i) clarify on the legal and regulatory framework for implementing and
enforcing of the Grid Code;
(ii) specify the purpose, functions, and composition of the Grid Code
Supervisory Committee (GCSC);
(iii) describe the framework for making amendments to the Grid Code and
for seeking Derogations from its provisions;
(iv) define general rules regarding the communication between the TSP
and Users and exchange of data and information between them; and
(v) specify the general rules for interpreting the provisions of the Grid
Code.
1.3 Scope
1.3.1 The Grid Code applies to the TSP and to all Users of the Grid, including all
persons/parties to whom any individual section of the Grid Code applies. In
specific the following:
(i) The Transmission Service Provider (TSP);
(ii) Generators;
(iii) Distribution Entities; and
(iv) Directly-connected Customers.
1.3.2 The provisions under this Code apply to Users seeking new Connection, or
modification of an existing Connection, to the Transmission System. Users
currently connected to the Transmission System may have been designed to
different standards and, therefore, may not be able to comply in whole or in
Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) 1

part with some or all of these conditions. Such Users should seek Derogation
by following the procedure set out in (1.11).
1.4 Grid Code Implementation and Enforcement
1.4.1 The TSP shall be responsible for the Grid Code implementation and
enforcement.
1.4.2 For the above purposes, the TSP may need access to the services and
facilities of Users or to issue instructions to Users in order to implement and
enforce the Grid Code (for example, to isolate or disconnect Plant or
Apparatus, etc.). All Users, therefore, are required not only to abide by the
letter and spirit of the Grid Code, but also to provide the TSP with such rights
of access, services and facilities and to comply with such instructions as the
TSP may reasonably require to implement and enforce the Grid Code.
1.4.3 Each party shall, at all times in its dealings with the other parties to the Grid
Code, act in good faith and in accordance with the established Good Industry
Practices.
1.5 Settlement of Disputes
In case of a dispute between the TSP and a User about any provision of the
Grid Code or any issue relating to that provision, the TSP and the User shall
first try to settle it bilaterally by making all reasonable endeavors for resolving
the dispute. If they cannot resolve the dispute bilaterally, the dispute parties
will proceed to deal with the dispute according to the procedure prescribed for
this purpose in the Electricity Law or guidelines issued by the Regulator.
1.6 Unforeseen Circumstances
If circumstances arise which the provisions of the Grid Code have not
foreseen, the TSP shall, to the extent practicable, consult all Affected Users in
an effort to muster consensus on the action required. If agreement between
the TSP and such Users cannot be reached in the time available, the TSP
shall determine the best course of action. Each User shall comply with all
instructions given to it by the TSP following such a determination provided
that the instructions are consistent with the then current technical parameters
of the relevant User’s System registered under the Grid Code. The TSP shall,
as soon as reasonably practicable following the occurrence of the unforeseen

circumstance(s), notify all relevant details thereof to the GCSC for

consideration as laid down in (1.10).
1.7 Suspension of Grid Code Provisions
The provisions (in part or in whole) of the Grid Code may be suspended
under abnormal conditions or pursuant to any directions given by the
Regulator or the Government.
1.8 Illegality and Partial Invalidity
If any provision of the Grid Code should become or be declared unlawful or

partially invalid for any reason, the validity of all remaining provisions of the
Grid Code shall not be affected.
1.9 Force Majeure
1.9.1 A Participant shall not be considered to be in Default with respect to that

Participant’s obligation(s) under the Grid Code, other than the obligation to
pay money when due, if that Participant is prevented from fulfilling its
obligation(s) by Force Majeure. The defaulting Participant shall give notice
and the full particulars of such Force Majeure to the other concerned party (or
parties) in writing or by telephone as soon as reasonably possible after the
occurrence of the Force Majeure. Telephone notices given shall be confirmed
in writing as soon as reasonably possible and shall specifically state full
particulars of the Force Majeure, the time and date when the Force Majeure
occurred, and when the Force Majeure is reasonably expected to cease. The
Participant affected shall, however, exercise due diligence and all necessary
efforts to remove such disability and fulfill its obligations under the Grid Code.
1.9.2 Mere economic hardship shall not be considered Force Majeure. Acts of
negligence or wrongdoings shall also be excluded from Force Majeure.
1.10 The Grid Code Supervisory Committee (GCSC)
1.10.1 The TSP shall constitute and host the Grid Code Supervisory Committee
(GCSC) in accordance with the guidelines of the Regulator. The GCSC shall
be a standing body carrying out the functions referred to in (1.10.2) below.
1.10.2 The GCSC shall:
(i) keep the Grid Code and its working under review;

(ii) review all suggestions for amendments to the Grid Code which the
Regulator or any Participant may submit to the GCSC for
consideration from time to time or the GCSC initiates at its own;
(iii) make recommendations to the Regulator for amendments to the Grid
Code which the GCSC feels are necessary or desirable and record
the reasons for the recommendations;
(iv) issue guidance in relation to the Grid Code and its implementation,
performance, and interpretation upon the reasonable request of any
Participant;
(v) consider what changes are necessary to the Grid Code arising out of
any unforeseen circumstances referred to it by the TSP under (1.6);
and
(vi) review and make recommendation to the Regulator for final decision
on any request that a Grid Participant submits to the GCSC to seek
Derogation from any provision(s) of the Grid Code.
1.10.3 The GCSC shall be a stakeholder representative panel and shall consist of
the following members:
(i) a Chairman and three (3) persons appointed by the TSP;
(ii) a person appointed by the Regulator;
(iii) two (2) persons representing Generators each having Generating
Station with a total Registered Capacity exceeding 500 MW;
(iv) one person representing Generators each having Generating Station
with a total Registered Capacity 500 MW or less;
(v) one person representing each Distribution Entity in the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia, in total four (4); and
(vi) one person to represent Directly-connected Customers.
1.10.4 The GCSC shall establish and comply at all times with its own rules and
procedures relating to the conduct of its business, which shall be approved by
the Regulator and published by the GCSC within three (3) months of the
formation of the GCSC.
1.10.5 The TSP shall provide administrative and logistic support to the GCSC for the
GCSC’s functioning by establishing the Grid Code Secretariat. This decision
may be reviewed by the Regulator. The Secretariat shall be accountable to
the Regulator as well as to the GCSC for its activities. The detailed functions
and responsibilities, administrative structure, and modes of operation of the

Secretariat will be further elaborated by the GCSC in its rules and procedure
as laid down in (1.10.4) above.
1.11 Grid Code Amendment or Derogation Process
1.11.1 The Regulator is the approving authority for the Grid Code, as well as for
making amendments to it and for granting any Derogation from its provisions.
For approving any request for amendment or Derogation, the Regulator will
be guided by the GCSC recommendations on the relevant matter.
1.11.2 Any Participant, GCSC member, or the Regulator itself may propose
amendments to the Grid Code.
1.11.3 Any Participant can seek Derogation from complying with one or more
provisions of the Grid Code. The Derogation may be granted by the Regulator
on the following grounds:
(i) to provide for existing Plant and/or Apparatus that has not been
designed in accordance with the provisions of the Grid Code;
(ii) to facilitate a smooth transition to the Grid Code from the existing
situation; and/or
(iii) to ease temporary constraints that prevent compliance and
necessitate exemption.
1.11.4 A Participant seeking Derogation shall make a written request to the GCSC
and shall be required to justify the request in terms of both the specific
circumstances and the expected duration. As a minimum, the application
must include the following information:
(i) detail of the applicant;
(ii) relevant provision(s) of the Grid Code and the required performance;
(iii) a description of the relevant Plant and/or Apparatus and the nature
and extent of non-compliance;
(iv) a description of the proposal for restoring compliance (where
applicable) including details of actions to mitigate risks and restore
compliance including timetable;
(v) a description of the reasonable alternative actions that have been
considered; and
(vi) a statement of the expected duration of the non-compliance.
1.11.5 The process for seeking amendments to the Grid Code or seeking Derogation
from its provisions is depicted in Figure 1.1.

Draft
proposal
Submitted GCSC GCSC consults GCSC finalizes

to GCSC assesses experts, if required its review
GCSC sends
recommendation
to Regulator
GCSC takes GCSC informs Regulator Regulator

appropriate the decision to informs GCSC considers and
action initiator of the decision takes decision
Figure 1.1. Grid Code Amendment/Derogation Process
1.11.6 On receipt of any request for Grid Code amendment or Derogation, the
GCSC shall promptly consider such request (by seeking expert
advice/opinion on the request, if necessary) and submit its
recommendation(s) to the Regulator for a final decision.
1.11.7 The Regulator shall consider the request in light of the recommendation(s) of
the GCSC, and shall decide as appropriate. In deciding on the request, the
Regulator may invite the relevant Participant or any member of the GCSC to
seek clarification on the request.
1.11.8 The Regulator shall communicate its final decision to GCSC for informing the
relevant Participant and/or for taking further action, as appropriate.
1.11.9 If a Derogation is granted, then the relevant Participant will not be obliged to
comply with the applicable provision of the Grid Code (to the extent and for
the period of the Derogation) and shall comply with any alternate provision as
set forth in the Derogation.
1.11.10 A Derogation from the Grid Code will normally have an expiry date in order
to review its continued need and monitor performance towards compliance.
1.11.11 Every Derogation will be entered on a register maintained by the Regulator
for this purpose.

1.11.12 A Derogation granted to a Participant shall be non-transferable. Therefore, if

a non-compliant Plant or system is sold, the new Participant will need to
seek a fresh Derogation.
1.11.13 Where a material change in circumstances has occurred, a review of any
existing Derogation, and any Derogation under consideration, may be
initiated by the Regulator at its own or at the request of any Participant.
1.12 Communication between the TSP and Users
1.12.1 Unless otherwise specified in the Grid Code, all instructions given by the TSP
and communications (other than those relating to the submission of data and
notices) between the TSP and Users (other than Generators) shall take place
between the TSP Control Engineer based at the TSP Control Center notified
by the TSP to each User prior to Connection and the relevant User’s
Responsible Engineer at the User’s Control Center notified by the User to the
TSP prior to Connection or such other person as the TSP or the User (as the
case may be) may, from time to time, notify to the other for such purposes.
notices) between the TSP and a Generator shall take place between the TSP
Control Engineer based at the TSP Control Center notified by the TSP to
each Generator prior to Connection and the Generator’s Responsible
Engineer at the Generator’s Control Center notified by the Generator to the
TSP prior to Connection or such other person as the TSP or the Generator
(as the case may be) may from time to time notify to the other for such
purposes.
notices) between the TSP and Users will be by telephone, fax, or any other
acceptable electronic means, with a facility to record messages permanently.
1.12.4 Where instructions or communications are given under the Grid Code by
means of a communications system with a facility to record (by whatever
means) messages permanently and without access to erase or modify the
recorded instructions and communications, such recording (to be retained for
at least one [1] year) shall be accepted by the TSP and Users as evidence of
those instructions or communications.

1.13 Data, Notices, and Confidentiality
1.13.1 All data and Notices required under the Grid Code (other than data which is
the subject of a specific requirement of the Grid Code as to the manner of its
delivery) shall be submitted electronically or through any other suitable means
agreed upon by the concerned parties. Written notices under the Grid Code
shall be served either by hand delivery, registered first-class pre-paid mail,
courier service, or facsimile to the TSP or the User, as the case may be.
1.13.2 All data submitted by a User to the TSP, prior to Connection or before the
TSP’s making an Offer of Connection, in compliance with the Grid Code
provisions shall be treated as confidential.
1.13.3 Appropriate data shall be made available by the TSP when requested by a
User. These data shall be used only for the purpose specified in the request
and shall be treated by the User as confidential.
1.13.4 Data delivered pursuant to paragraph (1.13.1) shall:
(i) in the case of data to be submitted by a User prior to the Connection
of its Plant and/or Apparatus to the Transmission System, in relation
to that Plant and/or Apparatus, be addressed to Manager,
Transmission Asset Planning Department, at the address notified by
the TSP to the User following receipt of an application for Connection
to the Transmission System, or to such other department within the
TSP or address as the TSP may notify to the User from time to time;
and
(ii) in the case of data to be submitted by a User in respect of Plant
and/or Apparatus already connected to the Transmission System, be
addressed to Manager, Transmission Asset Planning Department, at
the address notified by the TSP to the User prior to Connection to the
Transmission System, or to such other department within the TSP or
address as the TSP may notify to the User from time to time.
1.13.5 Notices submitted to Users shall be addressed to such person as may be
notified in writing to the TSP from time to time by the relevant User at its
address(es) notified by the User to the TSP in writing from time to time for
submission of data and service of Notices under the Grid Code (or failing
which to the registered or principal office of the User).
1.13.6 All data items, where relevant, will be referenced to nominal voltage and
frequency unless otherwise stated.

1.14 Ownership of Plant and/or Apparatus
References in the Grid Code to Plant and/or Apparatus of a User shall include
Plant and/or Apparatus owned by a User and Plant and/or Apparatus used by
a User under any agreement with a third party.
1.15 System Control
Where a User System (or part thereof) is, by agreement, under the control of
the TSP for the purpose of communication and coordination in operational
matters, the TSP can (for those purposes only) treat that User System (or part
thereof) as part of the TSP System, but otherwise, it shall remain to be
treated as the User System (or part thereof). This will also include any User
System or facility used by the TSP as part of the TSP’s Transmission path.
1.16 Code Interpretation
1.16.1 Precedence
In the event of any conflict between the provisions of the Grid Code and any
contract or agreement between the TSP and a User, the provisions of the
Grid Code shall govern, unless the Grid Code expressly provides otherwise.
1.16.2 Glossary and Definitions
When a word or phrase that is defined specifically and in detailed manner in

the Glossary and Definitions is more particularly defined in another chapter,
section, or sub-section of the Grid Code, the particular definition in that
chapter, section, or sub-section shall prevail if there is any discrepancy. Such
discrepancies, when noticed, will be brought to the notice of the GCSC and
will be removed during the next revising of the Grid Code.
1.16.3 Preface, Table of Contents, and Titles
The Preface, Table of Contents, and Titles have been added for the
information and convenience of the users of the Grid Code. These, therefore,
shall not be considered in interpreting the provisions of the Grid Code.
1.16.4 Mandatory Provisions
The word “shall” refers to a rule, procedure, requirement, or any other

provision of the Grid Code that requires mandatory compliance.

1.16.5 Plural and Gender
In interpreting any provision of the Grid Code:

(i) the singular shall include the plural and vice versa, unless otherwise
specified; and
(ii) one gender shall include all genders.
1.16.6 Person or Entity
Any reference to a person or entity shall include an individual, partnership,

company, corporation, association, organization, institution, or other similar
groups.
1.16.7 Amendment of Standards
A reference to a standard in the Grid Code shall include any variation,

revision, update, or replacement of that standard.
1.16.8 Figures
Figures are provided in some sections of the Grid Code for the convenience
of the Users, and only to illustrate a process. In case of any discrepancy
between the text and figures regarding any provision of the Grid Code, the
text shall prevail. Such discrepancies, when noticed, will be brought to the
notice of the GCSC and will be removed during the next revising of the Grid
Code.

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Chapter 2: Connection Code
CHAPTER 2 CONNECTION CODE
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 This chapter specifies certain principles and establishes a set of minimum
technical, design, and operational conditions for the Users for connecting to
and using the Transmission System. The purpose is to protect the TSP
facilities as well as the Plant and Apparatus of the Users, and to ensure safe,
stable, and secure operation of the System. This chapter also provides detail
on the performance characteristics of the Transmission System at the
Connection Point to enable the Users to design their own facilities accordingly
and to provide suitable control and Protection Schemes for them.
2.1.2 In addition to this Connection Code, there may be additional provisions in the
individual Connection Agreements between the TSP and the Users, defining,
in greater detail and in more specific terms, the mutual obligations of each
party.
2.2 Objectives
The objectives of this chapter are the following:

(i) to provide a set of fair and non-discriminatory basic rules and
standards for accessing and using the Transmission System which
must be complied with by all Users;
(ii) to specify the normal Transmission System performance standards at
the Connection Point;
(iii) to specify the technical design and operational criteria at the
Connection Point; and
(iv) to clearly define the technical function, operational criteria, and
ownership of the Equipment connected to the Transmission System in
accordance with the relevant Site Responsibility Schedule.
2.3 Grid Connection Procedure
2.3.1 General Provisions
2.3.1.1 A User seeking a new, or modification of an existing, Connection, to the Grid

shall secure a proper Connection Agreement with the TSP by following the

procedure specified in this section, prior to the actual Connection to the Grid.
This procedure is depicted in Figure 2.1 on page (35).
2.3.1.2 The TSP shall establish the procedures for the processing of User
applications for new, or modification of an existing, Connection to the Grid.
The TSP will also set out the time for Connection after receiving all the
required information from the applicant.
2.3.1.3 The time periods for a User’s new, or modification of an existing, Connection
shall be negotiated and agreed upon upfront, between the TSP and the User,
in every case. Users will be connected to the Transmission System based on
Grid Impact Studies.
2.3.1.4 The conditions under this section apply to Users seeking new Connections to
the Transmission System. Users currently connected to the Transmission
System may have been designed to different standards and, therefore, may
not be able to comply in whole or in part with some or all of these conditions.
Such Users should seek Derogations in accordance with the provisions of
(1.11) of Chapter 1: General Conditions. However, these conditions shall be
applied to Users if new installations or modifications (e.g. in the Excitation
System, etc.) are introduced on the User Site.
2.3.1.5 All Plant and Apparatus at the Connection Point shall comply with the relevant
TSP standards, or in their absence, other IEC, ANSI, or IEEE standards,
unless modified by any provision in the applicable Connection Agreement.
2.3.1.6 The Transmission System voltage level at which a User will be connected and
the Busbar configuration which a User’s System uses will depend upon, but
not limited to, the following:
(i) the size of the Generating Units and the number of Generating Units
comprised in the User System (for Generators);
(ii) the size of the MW Demand at the Connection Point (for Distribution
Entities and Directly-connected Customers);
(iii) consistency with future development of the Transmission System as
well as the coordinated planning of the Transmission System and of
the Distribution System/User System;
(iv) proximity to the existing Transmission System; and
(v) the cost of the proposed Connection.
2.3.1.7 The method of Connection used may exceed the relevant standards where
this is required by the User and is acceptable to the TSP.

2.3.1.8 The TSP shall deliver or take electric Energy at the Connection Point and
shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever beyond that point.
2.3.1.9 In case of a dispute, the TSP shall try first to settle it bilaterally through
negotiation with the User. If can not settle it, the TSP will deal with the dispute
according to the procedures and mechanisms prescribed by the Regulator for
this purpose.
2.3.2 Grid Impact Studies
2.3.2.1 The TSP shall develop and maintain a set of required technical planning
studies for evaluating the impact on the Grid of any proposed Connection or
modification to an existing Connection.
2.3.2.2 The TSP shall specify which of the planning studies described in (3.3.6) of
Chapter 3 will be carried out to evaluate the impact of the proposed User
Development on the Grid.
2.3.2.3 Based on the magnitude and complexity of the proposed User Development,
the TSP may need to conduct more extensive planning studies. In such a
case, the TSP will indicate in its Offer of Connection this requirement.
2.3.2.4 The User shall indicate whether it wishes the TSP to undertake additional
planning studies. The User shall bear the full cost of the additional planning
studies, if carried out by the TSP.
2.3.2.5 To enable the TSP to carry out the necessary detailed Grid Impact Studies,
the TSP may require the User to provide some or all of the Detailed Planning
Data listed in (Appendix A3.2) of Chapter 3: Planning Code ahead of the
normal timescale shown there.
2.3.2.6 A User applying for a new, or a modification of an existing, Connection to the
Grid shall take all necessary measures to ensure that the proposed User
Development does not degrade the Grid. The TSP may disapprove an
application, if the Grid Impact Studies indicate that the proposed User
Development will (or may) result in the degradation of the Grid.
2.3.3 Application for a New, or Modification of an Existing, Connection
2.3.3.1 A User applying for a new, or a modification of an existing, Connection, to the

Grid shall obtain the prescribed application form from the TSP available from
the office of Manager, Transmission Asset Planning Department of the TSP.
2.3.3.2 The User shall submit to the TSP the completed application form along with
the applicable fees, published by the TSP and approved by the Regulator, for

a new, or modification of an existing Connection, to the Grid. The completed

application shall include, but not limited to, the following information:
(i) name, address, phone number, and email address of the applicant;
(ii) contact information for technical information;
(iii) location of facility, including a Site plan or area map;
(iv) a general description of the proposed Connection, or modification of
an existing Connection, which shall comprise the User Development
at the Connection Point;
(v) a description of the Plant and/or Apparatus to be connected to the
Transmission System or, as the case may be, of the modification
relating to the User’s Plant and/or Apparatus already connected to the
Transmission System;
(vi) the relevant Grid Planning Data as provided and listed in Chapter 3:
Planning Code, using the schedules provided for this purpose in
Chapter 6: Data and Information Exchange Code;
(vii) the desired Connection date and Operational Date of the proposed
User Development; and
(viii) demonstration of Site control.
2.3.3.3 The User shall submit the Grid Planning Data in three (3) stages, according to
their degree of commitment and validation as described in section (3.3.3) of
Chapter 3: Planning Code. These include: (a) Preliminary Project Planning
Data; (b) Committed Project Planning Data; and (c) Registered Project
Planning Data.
2.3.4 Processing of the Application
2.3.4.1 The TSP shall process the User application for new, or modification of an
existing, Connection within thirty (30) days from the submission of the
completed application form and settlement of the admissible fees.
2.3.4.2 After evaluating the application submitted by the User, the TSP shall inform
the User whether its application is acceptable or not. The TSP will be entitled
to reject a User application if:
(i) accepting of a User Development can lead the TSP to a breach of its
duties under the Electricity Law, Implementing Regulations, License
conditions, the Grid Code, or any other rule, regulation, or standard
relating to safe and secure operation of the Grid; or

(ii) the applicant does not undertake to be bound, insofar as applicable,

by the terms and conditions of the Grid Code.
If the User application is acceptable, then the provisions of (2.3.4.3) through
(2.3.4.6) shall apply. If it is not, then the provisions of (2.3.4.7) through
(2.3.4.9) shall apply.
2.3.4.3 If the User application is acceptable, the TSP shall make an Offer of
Connection to the User. The Offer shall include the following:
(i) details of how the Connection is to be made, including details of the
Plant and/or Apparatus that will be required to implement the
Connection;
(ii) a description of any modification in the Transmission System that the
User is required to pay for;
(iii) an indication of the Connection Date and the Operational Date; and
(iv) an estimate of all the charges/costs for the Connection that the User
has to pay for.
2.3.4.4 The User shall accept the TSP’s Offer within thirty (30) days, or a longer
period as specified in the Offer, after which the Offer will automatically lapse.
2.3.4.5 The acceptance by the User of the TSP’s Offer of Connection shall lead to the
signing of a Connection Agreement or an amended Connection Agreement
(as the case may be).
2.3.4.6 If a Connection Agreement or an amended Connection Agreement (as the
case may be) is signed, the User shall submit to the TSP, within thirty (30)
days from the signing of the agreement or a longer period if agreed to by the
TSP and the User, the Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data (if
required by the TSP) pertaining to the proposed User Development, as
specified in (Appendix A3.1) and (Appendix A3.2) of Chapter 3: Planning
Code.
2.3.4.7 If the application of the User is not acceptable, the TSP shall notify the User
why its application is not acceptable. The TSP shall include in its notification,
where practicable, a proposal on how the User’s application will be
acceptable to the TSP.
2.3.4.8 The User shall accept TSP proposal within thirty (30) days, or a longer period
as specified in the proposal, after which the proposal will automatically lapse.
2.3.4.9 If the TSP and the User cannot reach an agreement on the proposed
Connection or modification to an existing Connection, the User’s application

will be rejected. The User may refer the matter to the GCSC if the User so
desires.
2.3.5 Connection Agreement
The Connection Agreement between the User and the TSP shall meet the
following basic conditions:
(i) The TSP and the User shall comply with the Grid Code in letter and
spirit.
(ii) The User shall submit reports containing technical and financial
information as required in the various sections of the Grid Code.
(iii) The TSP shall provide the User the relevant information in accordance
with its statutory and regulatory obligations.
(iv) The User shall provide to the TSP estimated details on the types of its
loads and the estimated profile of each major load (e.g. air
conditioning, combined heat and Power, motors, and drives, etc.).
(v) The User shall provide the TSP technical diagrams of the required
Connection as stated in this chapter or the application form.
(vi) The User shall provide the TSP details of Safety and Protection
schemes at the User facilities and for the Connection Point.
(vii) The Connection Agreement with the User shall also clearly specify the
operation and maintenance boundary between the User and the TSP.
2.3.6 Submittals Prior to the Commissioning Date
The following shall be submitted by the User prior to the Commissioning date,
pursuant to the terms and conditions and schedules specified in the relevant
Connection Agreement:
(i) specifications of major Equipment not included in the Standard
Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data.
(ii) details of the Protection arrangements and settings referred to in
(2.5.2);
(iii) copies of all Safety Rules and instructions applicable to the User’s
Equipment and a list of Safety Representatives, pursuant to the
requirements of (4.10.8);
(iv) Electrical Diagrams of the User’s Equipment at the Connection Point
as described in (2.7.4);

(v) information that will enable the TSP to prepare the Connection Point
Drawings, referred to in (2.7.4);
(vi) a list of the names and telephone numbers of authorized
representatives, including the confirmation that they are fully
authorized to make binding decisions on behalf of the User, for
Significant Incidents pursuant to the procedures specified in section
4.5: Operational Liaison in Chapter 4: Operating Code;
(vii) proposed Maintenance Program;
(viii) Commissioning Tests procedures for the Connection Point and the
User Development; and
(ix) Site Test reports, clearance and readiness for Energization of the
proposed Connection Plant and Equipment.
2.3.7 Commissioning of Equipment and Physical Connection to the Grid
2.3.7.1 Upon completion of the User Development, including work at the Connection
Point, the Equipment at the Connection Point and the User Development shall
be put to Commissioning Tests procedure as specified in (4.9.6) of Chapter 4:
Operating Code.
2.3.7.2 The User shall then submit to the TSP a statement of Readiness to Connect,
which shall include the Commissioning Test Reports.
2.3.7.3 Upon acceptance of the User’s statement of Readiness to Connect, the TSP
shall, within fifteen (15) days, issue a Technical Completion Certificate to the
User if the TSP finds the Commissioning Reports to be acceptable.
Otherwise, the TSP will ask the User to perform additional Tests as the TSP
may consider necessary.
2.3.7.4 The physical Connection to the Grid shall be made by the TSP within ten (10)
days of the issue of Technical Completion Certificate by the TSP to the User.
2.4 Transmission System Performance
2.4.1.1 The TSP shall strive to maintain the Transmission System performance within
the limits and ranges specified in the Minimum National Power Quality
Standards for the Saudi Arabian Transmission Grid (currently under
development). Until such time, the TSP shall strive to maintain the

Transmission System performance within the limits and ranges as specified in

this section.
2.4.1.2 Users shall ensure that their Plant and Apparatus at Connection Points are
also designed and operated such that these operate satisfactorily within the
specified limits and ranges to be set out in the Minimum National Power
Quality Standards. Until such time, the limits and ranges as specified in this
section shall be adhered to.
2.4.2 Frequency Variations
2.4.2.1 The Transmission System shall have a nominal frequency of 60 Hz and R-Y-
B counter-clock-wise phase rotation. The TSP shall maintain it within the
limits of 59.9 and 60.1 Hz during normal Grid operation.
2.4.2.2 The System frequency could rise to 62.5 Hz or fall to 57.0 Hz in exceptional
circumstances. To enable the TSP to maintain the frequency within the limits
specified in (2.4.2.1), the design of Generator’s Plant and Apparatus must
enable operation of that Plant and Apparatus in accordance with the
following:
Below Nominal Above Nominal Operation

Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Requirement
58.8 – 60.0 60.0 – 60.5 Continuous
for a period of
57.5 – 58.7 60.6 – 61.5
30 minutes
for a period of
57.0 – 57.4 61.6 – 62.5
30 seconds
Other Users should ensure that their Equipment is designed or protected for
these exceptional circumstances.
2.4.3 Voltage Variations
The voltage at any point on the TSP system will normally remain within the
nominal values as stated in the table below, unless abnormal conditions
prevail. Under exceptional circumstances, the maximum over voltage limits
stated below should not be exceeded for more than thirty (30 ) minutes:

30-Minute Over-
Nominal Voltage (kV) Normal Range
Voltage
110 kV ±5% + 10 %
115 kV ±5% +10 %
132 kV ±5% + 10 %
230 kV ±5% + 10 %
380 kV ±5% + 10 %
2.4.4 Harmonic Distortion
2.4.4.1 All Plant and Apparatus connected to the Transmission System shall be
capable of withstanding the levels of Harmonic distortion expected to be
present on the Transmission System.
2.4.4.2 Plant and Apparatus connected to the Transmission System shall not impose
voltage Harmonics on the Transmission System which exceed the limits
specified in the relevant Connection Agreement, or when no such limits are
specified there, a Total Harmonic Distortion of 1.5% with no individual
Harmonic greater than 1%.
2.4.4.3 Plant and Apparatus connected to the Transmission System shall not impose
current Harmonics on the Transmission System which exceed the limits
specified in the relevant Connection Agreement, or when no such limits are
specified there, the limits specified in IEEE Standard 519-1992:
Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in
Electrical Power Systems.
2.4.5 Voltage Unbalance
The User facility shall not cause the phase-to-phase unbalance of the
System, as measured with no load and with balanced three-phase loading, to
exceed by more than one (1) % at the Connection Point.
2.4.6 Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker Severity
2.4.6.1 The voltage fluctuation at any Connection Point with a fluctuating Demand
shall not exceed one (1)% of the nominal voltage level for step changes which
may occur repetitively. Any large voltage excursions other than step changes
may be allowed up to a level of three (3)% providing that this does not pose a
risk to the Transmission System or to the System of any other User.

2.4.6.2 The Flicker Severity at any Connection Point in the Transmission shall not
exceed the limits of Pst =0.8 and Plt=0.6, both 95th percentile values measured
over a period of one week.
2.4.7 Transient Voltage Variations
2.4.7.1 The User Systems shall be designed and operated to include the devices that
will mitigate the effects of transient over voltages and transient voltage dips
on the Grid and the User System.
2.4.7.2 The User shall take into account the effect of electrical transients when
specifying the insulation of their electrical Equipment.
2.4.8 Grounding
2.4.8.1 At voltages 110 kV and above, the Grid is effectively grounded with specified
Ground Fault Factor below 1.4.
2.4.8.2 The TSP shall specify in the Connection Agreement the Grounding
requirements and the applicable Ground Fault Factor at the Connection
Points, if an exception is to be permitted in certain cases.
2.5 Plant and Apparatus at Connection Points
2.5.1.1 Each Connection between a User and the Transmission System shall be
controlled by a suitable isolating device (isolating switch or circuit breaker, as
determined by the TSP) capable of interrupting at the Connection Point, the
short circuit currents specified in the relevant Connection Agreement.
2.5.1.2 The User shall be responsible to ensure that all the User Plant and
Apparatus, including Protection Schemes, are tested and maintained and
remain rated for the duty required of them.
2.5.1.3 Users shall own, operate, and maintain all the facilities beyond the
Connection Point.
2.5.1.4 The TSP shall own, operate, and maintain all the facilities up to and including
those at the Connection Point.
2.5.1.5 The User shall comply with the operating instructions of the TSP with regard
to various systems (including all Plant and/or Apparatus) required to control
electric Power and Energy to (or from) that User’s facility.

2.5.2 Protection Equipment/Schemes
2.5.2.1 All Users shall be responsible for providing Protection for the Equipment and
facilities at their respective sides when connected to the Transmission
System.
2.5.2.2 All User Protection Schemes, relays and their settings, shall require prior
coordination with and approval of the TSP’s relevant Protection engineering
office.
2.5.2.3 The Protection Schemes shall isolate the faulty section and Equipment in
case of Fault with the dependability, selectivity, speed, and sensitivity as
defined in the applicable Connection Agreement or the Grid Code.
2.5.2.4 The protective Equipment connected to the Transmission System shall be
tested to achieve the specified level of dependability, selectivity, speed, and
sensitivity in Fault clearing and to minimize the impacts on the Grid.
2.5.2.5 The Protection Scheme’s ability to initiate the successful tripping of the circuit
breaker which is associated with the faulty Equipment shall be measured by
System Protection Dependability Index exceeding 99%.
2.5.2.6 Users shall comply with the following requirements for Fault clearance times
(from Fault inception to circuit breaker arc extinction) by primary Protection
not exceeding:
Network Category Fault Clearance Times
110 kV 120 millisecond
The probability that these times will be exceeded for any given Fault must be
less than one (1)%.
2.5.2.7 To safeguard against failure of the primary Protection Systems provided to
meet the above Fault clearance time requirements, the Users shall also
provide backup Protection, which shall have Fault clearance time slower than
that specified for the User primary Protection. The TSP shall also provide

backup Protection, which shall have Fault clearance times slower than those
of the User backup Protection.
2.5.2.8 In case of the failure to trip of a User’s circuit breaker provided to interrupt
Fault current interchange with the Transmission System, circuit breaker fail
Protection shall be provided to trip all necessary electrically adjacent circuit
breakers within 300 milliseconds. The design reliability for Protection shall be
equal to or greater than 99%.
2.5.2.9 Fault Disconnection Facilities
Where no circuit breaker is provided at the User Connection Point, the User
must provide to the TSP all necessary facilities and schemes to isolate with
discrimination and as necessary the Faults or Grid abnormalities, due to the
User Connection, on the Transmission System. In these circumstances, for
Faults on the User System, the User Protection should also trip higher voltage
TSP circuit breakers. These tripping facilities shall be in accordance with the
requirements specified in the relevant Connection Agreement.
2.5.2.10 Loss of Excitation Protection for Generating Units
The Generator must provide Protection to detect loss of Generating Unit

Excitation and initiate a trip of the associated Generating Unit.
2.5.2.11 Pole Slip Protection for Generating Units
Where, in the TSP’s reasonable opinion, System requirements dictate, the

TSP will specify in the Connection Agreement and/or Use of System
Agreement a requirement for Generators to fit pole slip Protection on their
Generating Units.
2.5.2.12 Access to Protection Equipment at Connection Points
No Busbar Protection, mesh corner Protection, circuit breaker fail Protection

relays, AC or DC wiring (other than Power supplies or DC tripping
associated with the User’s Plant and Apparatus) shall be worked upon or
altered by, or on behalf of, a User in the absence of a representative of, or
written authority from, the TSP.

2.5.2.13 Automatic Switching Equipment
Where automatic re-closing of TSP circuit breakers is required following

Faults on the User System, automatic switching Equipment shall be
provided in accordance with the requirements of the relevant Connection
Agreement.
2.5.2.14 Relay Settings
(i) Protection and relay settings shall be coordinated by the TSP and
User(s) across the Connection Point in accordance with the
Connection Agreement to ensure effective Disconnection of faulty
Apparatus. In case of a dispute between any party on such issues, the
TSP shall be the final deciding authority.
(ii) The TSP may install special Protection Schemes to safeguard against
collapse of the System for any foreseeable situation, e.g. during high
summer load seasons. In the event of loss of major Transmission
line(s) leading to voltage collapse in the Transmission System, The
TSP may need to resort to a large scale load shedding to halt
damaging voltage collapse which may lead to brownouts and eventual
blackouts.
2.5.3 Operation and Maintenance Safety Conditions
2.5.3.1 All Users responsible for the operation and maintenance shall also be
responsible for the Safety of Equipment, persons, and facilities at their
respective sides connected to the Transmission System. On Safety issues,
Users shall follow the procedures as laid down in section 4.10 of Chapter 4:
Operating Code and the Safety Rules referred to in that section.
2.5.3.2 Site Responsibility Schedule as provided in (2.7.5) will specify the ownership
responsibilities of each User connecting to the Transmission System for the
following:
(i) ownership of the Plant/Equipment;
(ii) the responsibility for operation and maintenance;
(iii) Safety Rules and Procedures; and
(iv) control of Plant/Equipments and facilities at their respective side.

2.5.4 Metering
Metering Equipment shall be installed at Connection Points in accordance

with the provisions of the Connection Agreement and the standards defined in
Chapter 7: Metering Code.
2.5.5 Requirements for Generators
2.5.5.1 All Generating Units must be capable of supplying rated Active Power output
at any point between the limits 85% Power Factor lagging and 95% Power
Factor leading at the Generating Unit terminals, unless otherwise agreed
expressly by the TSP in the Connection Agreement.
2.5.5.2 All Generating Units must be capable of continuously supplying their rated
Active Power output at the Generating Unit terminals within the System
frequency range 59.5 to 60.5 Hz. Any decrease of Active Power output
occurring in the frequency range 57.0 to 59.5 Hz should not be more than a
proportionate decrease in the frequency.
2.5.5.3 The Active Power output at the Generating Unit terminals under steady state
conditions should not be affected by voltage changes in the normal operating
range specified in (2.4.3).
2.5.5.4 Transformation ratio and tap changer of step up transformer and the auxiliary
services transformer, as well as the voltage range and Excitation of the
Generating Unit shall be designed and adjusted so that the Generating Unit is
at normal operating voltage of the Grid, capable of producing or absorbing (as
the case may be), continuously the Reactive Power defined by the capability
curve of the Generating Unit (at Generating Unit voltage level). The
Generating Unit’s continuous Reactive Power capability shall not be
restrained by main or auxiliary Equipment, control, Protection, or operating
procedures.
2.5.5.5 The Generating Unit shall be capable of absorbing continuously the Reactive
Power (under Excitation operation) defined by the capability curve of the
Generating Unit also at maximum voltages (380, 230, 132, 115, and 110 kV
of the Grid) assuming that Stability is maintained.
2.5.5.6 The Reactive Power output at the Generating Unit terminals under steady
state conditions and at rated Active Power should be fully available within the
range ± five (5)% of nominal voltage at the Connection Point.

2.5.5.7 The TSP may require a Black Start capability from certain strategically
located Generating Units/Stations. In such cases, Generators will provide
Black Start capability through an agreement with the TSP. If an agreement
cannot be reached on this issue, the TSP or the Generator shall refer the
matter to the Regulator for resolution. Generators, committing to provide
Black Start capability, shall also allow to the TSP access to their Black Start
Units for testing and drills, as and when required by the TSP.
2.5.5.8 In case the System frequency momentarily rises to 62.5 Hz or falls to 57.0 Hz,
all Generating Units shall remain in synchronism with the Transmission
System for the operating times stated in (2.4.2) to allow the TSP to undertake
measures to correct the situation. Each Generating Unit must be capable of
contributing to, in a manner satisfactory to the TSP, Frequency and Voltage
Control by modulation of Active Power and Reactive Power supplied to the
Transmission System or a User System.
2.5.5.9 The System frequency could vary within the limits given in (2.4.2) and
Generating Units are required to be capable of satisfactory operation at any
frequency within this range unless the TSP has agreed in the Connection
Agreement to the use of any frequency-level relays and/or rate-of-change-of-
frequency relays which will trip Generating Unit within this frequency range.
2.5.5.10 Each Generating Unit shall be fitted with a fast-acting Speed Governor
System to provide Power and Frequency Control under normal operating
conditions. The Speed Governor System shall be designed and operated
freely to regulate System frequency and shall have adjustable Governor
Droop setting within 2% to 8%. The normal set point will be generally at 5%.
Total Governor Deadband (inherent plus intentional) should be 0.05 Hz or
less. The above Droop and Deadband requirement shall apply for an entire
combined-cycle Generation facility. Users shall not change frequency or
load related control settings of Speed Governors without the prior agreement
of the TSP. In islanding situations, the Generating Unit’s Speed Governor
System must also be able to operate at frequency range between 57.5 Hz
and 60.2Hz.
2.5.5.11 Each Generating Unit shall be equipped with high response Excitation
System with continuously acting Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR)
system to control the Unit terminal voltage. The AVR shall be designed and
operated to maintain the steady-state terminal voltage within ± 0.5% of the

set point in the normal voltage range as specified in (2.4.3) without instability
over the entire operating range of the Unit. Ceiling voltage for static Exciters
shall be at least twice, and for brushless Exciters at least 1.6 times the rated
field voltage of the Generating Unit. The Excitation System shall be capable
of supplying its ceiling voltage for 10 seconds. Generators shall not disable
this automatic control mode without prior approval of the TSP. Each
Generating Unit shall be required to include Power System Stabilizing (PSS)
and var limiting Equipment as well.
2.5.5.12 On-load tap changing facilities shall be required on Generator step-up
transformers for Dispatch of Reactive Power. The transformer voltage ratio,
tapping range, and step sizes must be such that the Reactive Power
requirements specified in (2.5.5.6) are fully complied with.
2.5.5.13 The TSP shall be entitled to acquire such operational metering, control
parameters, and Plant data as it may reasonably require for the purposes of
discharging its statutory and regulatory obligations.
2.5.5.14 A Generating Unit, and the Station in which the Generating Unit is located,
must be capable of continuous uninterrupted operation for the voltage
variation specified in (2.4.3), and for Faults on the Transmission System
which may cause the voltage at the Connection Point to drop to between 0%
and 80% of the nominal voltage for a period of up to 300 millisecond in any
one phase or combination of phases, followed by a period of one (1) second
where voltage may vary in the range 80-110% of the nominal voltage, and a
subsequent return of the voltage within the range 90-110% of the nominal
voltage.
2.5.5.15 Generating Units shall be capable of withstanding, without tripping, a
negative phase sequence loading appropriate to their rated full load in
accordance with the IEEE Standard C37.102-1995: IEEE Guide for AC
Generator Protection. In addition they shall be required to withstand, without
tripping, the negative phase sequence loading incurred by clearance of a
close-up phase-to-phase Fault by backup Protection on the User System of
which they are a part.
2.5.5.16 The higher voltage windings of the Generating Unit step-up transformer
connecting the Generating Unit to the Transmission System must be star
connected with the star point grounded in accordance with IEEE Standard
C37.101-1993: IEEE Guide for Generator Ground Protection. If adjacent to a

TSP Substation, it shall be connected to the Grounding System of that

Substation.
2.5.5.17 Generators will be responsible for protecting their Generating Units against
the risk of any damage which might result from any frequency excursion
outside the range 57.0 Hz to 62.5 Hz and for deciding whether or not to
interrupt the Connection between his Plant and/or Apparatus and the
Transmission System in the event of such a frequency excursion.
2.5.5.18 Following the disconnection from the Grid, the Generating Unit/Station must
change over to House Load Operation for one (1) hour.
2.5.5.19 Control Synchronizing shall be provided by Generators at circuit breakers
identified by the TSP, which, depending on the Plant configuration, shall
include:
(i) the Generating Unit circuit breaker; and
(ii) the Generator transformer HV circuit breaker.
2.5.5.20 The TSP will provide to the Generator signals from the TSP operated Plant
and Apparatus as required to facilitate Synchronizing on the Generator
transformer HV circuit breaker or the Generating Unit circuit breaker (as
agreed with the TSP), in accordance with the relevant Connection
Agreement. The Synchronizing facilities as stated in (2.5.5.19) shall facilitate
Synchronizing under the following conditions:
(i) Transmission System frequency within the limits specified in (2.4.2);
(ii) Transmission System voltage within the limits as specified in (2.4.3).
2.5.6 Requirements for Distribution Entities and Directly-connected

Customers
2.5.6.1 At nominal System voltages of 110 kV and above, the higher voltage windings
of three phase transformers and transformer banks connected to the
Transmission System, if star-connected, shall have their star point suitable for
connection to Ground. For this purpose neutral connection must be brought
out of the tank to enable external connection to Ground. The Grounding and
lower voltage winding arrangement shall be such as to ensure that the
Ground Fault Factor requirement as stated in (2.4.8.1) of the Grid Code are
satisfactorily met on the Transmission System at nominal System voltages of
110 kV and above.

2.5.6.2 As required in Chapter 4: Operating Code, each Distribution Entity shall make
arrangements that shall facilitate automatic low frequency Disconnection of
Demand. The Connection Agreement shall specify the manner in which
Demand subject to low frequency Disconnection shall be split into discrete
MW blocks with associated Under Frequency Relay settings. Technical
requirements relating to Under Frequency Relays will be specified in the
Connection Agreement or relevant standards.
2.5.6.3 The Under Frequency Relays for Automatic Load Dropping shall be provided
at the Connection Point by the Users as per the Connection Agreement. The
TSP may allow a User to have such schemes installed on User side of the
Connection Point providing that, if considered necessary and required by the
TSP, one hundred (100) % of the User load may be shed.
2.5.6.4 Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers shall ensure that the
Power Factor at the Connection Point does not fall below 85% lagging at any
time and shall provide appropriate Power Factor improvement facilities to
ensure that.
2.5.6.5 Reactive Power compensation shall be provided by the Distribution Entities at
Low Voltage System close to the load point to avoid excessive Reactive
Power losses and to enable the TSP to maintain the Transmission System
voltage within the limits as specified in (2.4.3).
2.6 System Services
The relevant Connection Agreement or Power Supply or Purchase

Agreement (as the case may be) will contain requirements for the capability
for certain System Services from the following list which may be needed for
proper System operation:
(i) Voltage Control and Reactive Power Support (when used exclusively
for such purpose);
(ii) Primary Control of Generating Units;
(iii) Secondary Control of Generating Units;
(iv) Black Start Capability;
(v) Operating Margin (Operating/Contingency Reserve);
(vi) Interruptible Load; and
(vii) any other System Service.

2.7 Site Related Conditions
2.7.1 Responsibility for Operation and Maintenance
In the absence of an agreement between the parties to the contrary,

operation and maintenance responsibilities shall follow ownership.
2.7.2 Responsibilities for Safety
2.7.2.1 Any User entering and working on its Plant and/or Apparatus on a TSP Site
shall work to the TSP Safety Rules.
2.7.2.2 The TSP entering and working on its Plant and/or Apparatus on a User Site
shall work to the TSP Safety Rules. However, for User Sites where the TSP
staff may be exposed to some special risks (for instance, hazardous or toxic
substances or gases, etc.), the TSP, in addition to its own Safety Rules, will
follow the User Safety Rules also.
2.7.3 Site and Equipment Identification and Labeling
2.7.3.1 The TSP shall provide to each User details of TSP’s current numbering and
nomenclature system to enable the User to plan the numbering and
nomenclature of its own (E)HV Plant and Apparatus on the Connection Site.
2.7.3.2 The party installing Plant and/or Apparatus shall be responsible for providing
and installing of clear and unambiguous labels showing the Site and
Equipment identification at its respective System.
2.7.3.3 The numbering and nomenclature of each item of Plant and/or Apparatus
shall be included in the Operation Diagram prepared for each Site.
2.7.3.4 For TSP Plant and/or Apparatus on a User Site
(i) If the TSP intends to install its E(HV) Plant and/or Apparatus on a
User Site, it shall notify the relevant User of its intent in writing by
showing the proposed Plant and/or Apparatus, with clear numbers and
nomenclature, on an Operation Diagram and by giving date of the
proposed installation, at least six (6) months ahead of the proposed
installation.
(ii) the relevant User will confirm to the TSP in writing within one (1)
month of the receipt of such notification, either its acceptance of the
TSP proposal or objection(s), if any, by stating the reasons for the
objection(s).

(iii) the relevant User will not install, or permit the installation of, any
(E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus on such User Site which has numbering
and/or nomenclature which could be confused with that of (E)HV Plant
and/or Apparatus of the TSP already on that User Site or about which
the TSP has notified to that User that it intends to install on that Site.
2.7.3.5 For User Plant and/or Apparatus on the TSP Sites
(i) If a User intends to install its (E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus on a TSP
Site, it shall notify the TSP of its intent in writing by showing the
proposed Plant and/or Apparatus, with clear numbers and
nomenclature, on the Operation Diagram and by giving date of the
proposed installation, at least six (6) months ahead of the proposed
installation.
(ii) the TSP will respond in writing to the User within one (1) month of the
receipt of the notification either confirming its acceptance of the User
proposed numbering and nomenclature or, if they are not acceptable,
by giving details of the numbering and nomenclature which the User
shall adopt for that (E)HV Apparatus.
2.7.3.6 Changes
If the TSP intends to change the existing numbering or nomenclature of either

its own (E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus on a User Site or of the User (E)HV
Plant and/or Apparatus on a TSP Site:
(i) the provisions of paragraph (2.7.3.4) shall apply to such change of
numbering or nomenclature of the (E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus of
the TSP with any necessary amendments to those provisions to reflect
that only a change is being made; and
(ii) in the case of a change in the numbering or nomenclature of (E)HV
Plant and/or Apparatus of the User on a TSP Site, the TSP shall notify
the User of the numbering and/or nomenclature that the User shall
adopt for that (E)HV Plant and/or Apparatus at least six (6) months
prior to the change being needed and the User will respond in writing
to the TSP within one (1) month of the receipt of the notification,
confirming receipt.
In either case, the notification shall indicate the reason for the proposed
change.

2.7.4 Connection Point Drawings
2.7.4.1 Connection Point Drawings shall be prepared for each Connection Site and
shall include Site layout drawings, mechanical drawings, electrical layout
drawings, electrical Single Line Diagrams, common Protection/control
drawings, and common services drawings.
2.7.4.2 The TSP shall specify the procedure and format to be followed in the
preparation of the Connection Point Drawings for any Connection Point.
2.7.4.3 The User shall prepare and submit to the TSP, drawings for all the
Equipment, circuits, and facilities on the User’s side of the Connection Point,
in accordance with the schedule specified in the Connection Agreement.
2.7.4.4 The TSP shall provide the User with drawings for all the Equipment, circuits,
and facilities on the TSP side of the Connection Point, in accordance with the
schedule specified in the Connection Agreement.
2.7.4.5 If the Connection Point is at the User’s Site, the User shall prepare and
distribute Connection Point Drawings for the entire Connection Point.
Otherwise, the TSP shall prepare and distribute the Connection Point
Drawings for the entire Connection Point.
2.7.4.6 The Connection Point Drawings shall provide an accurate record of the layout
and circuit connections, ratings and identification of Equipment, and related
Apparatus and devices at the Connection Point.
2.7.4.7 If possible, all the electrical Equipment at the Connection Point shall be
shown in one Connection Point Drawing. When more than one Drawing is
necessary, duplication of identical information shall be minimized. The
Connection Point Drawing(s) shall represent, as closely as possible, the
physical arrangement of the Equipment and their electrical connections.
2.7.4.8 The Connection Point Drawing shall be prepared using the Site and
Equipment identification and labeling prescribed in (2.7.3).
2.7.4.9 The title block of the Connection Point Drawings shall include the names of
authorized persons together with provisions for the details of revisions, dates,
and signatures.
2.7.4.10 The Connection Point Drawings shall have the TSP stamp. The master copy
of the Connection Point Drawings shall remain with the TSP.
2.7.4.11 If a dispute arises, a meeting shall be held between the TSP and the User to
resolve the dispute at the shortest possible time.

2.7.4.12 Preparation of Connection Point Drawings for a Connection Point at a

User Site
(i) In the case of a Connection Point at a User Site, the TSP shall
prepare and submit to the User, Connection Point Drawings for the
TSP side of the Connection Point in accordance with the requirements
of the Connection Agreement.
(ii) The User shall then prepare, produce, and distribute, using the
information provided by the TSP, Connection Point Drawings for the
complete Connection Site in accordance with the requirements of the
Connection Agreement for approval by the TSP.
2.7.4.13 Preparation of Connection Point Drawings for a Connection Point at a

TSP Site
(i) In the case of a Connection Point at a TSP Site, the User shall
prepare and submit to the TSP, Connection Point Drawings for the
User side of the Connection Point in accordance with the
requirements of the Connection Agreement.
(ii) The TSP shall then prepare, produce, and distribute, using the
information submitted by the User, Connection Point Drawings for the
complete Connection Site in accordance with the requirements of the
Connection Agreement.
2.7.4.14 User Changes to Site Common Drawings
(i) A User feeling the necessity to change any aspect of the Connection
Point Drawings at a Connection Site shall do the following:
(a) for a Connection Point at a User Site, the User shall prepare,
produce, and distribute, after getting them approved by the
TSP, revised Connection Point Drawings for the complete
Connection Site; and
(b) for a TSP Site, the User shall prepare and submit to the TSP
revised Connection Point Drawings for the User side of the
Connection Point and the TSP shall then prepare, produce,
and distribute, using the information submitted by the User,
revised Connection Point Drawings for the complete
Connection Site.

(ii) If the User change can be dealt with by it notifying the TSP in writing
of the change and for each party to amend its copy of the Connection
Point Drawings then the User shall so notify, and each party shall so
amend (subject to TSP’s acceptance of the proposed changes).
2.7.4.15 TSP Changes to Site Common Drawings
(i) The TSP feeling the necessity to change any aspect of the Connection
Point Drawings at a Connection Site shall do the following:
(a) for a TSP Site, the TSP shall prepare, produce and distribute
Connection Site; and
(b) for a User Site, the TSP shall prepare and submit to the User
revised Connection Point Drawings for the TSP side of the
Connection Point and the User shall then prepare, produce
and distribute, using the information submitted by the TSP,
Connection Site for approval of the TSP.
(ii) If the TSP change can be dealt with by it notifying the User in writing
of the change and for each party to amend its copy of the Connection
Point Drawings then the TSP shall so notify, and each party shall so
amend.
2.7.4.16 Validity of Connection Point Drawings
(i) The Connection Point Drawings for the complete Connection Site
prepared by the User or the TSP, as the case may be, shall be the
definitive Connection Point Drawings for all operational and
maintenance and planning activities associated with the
Connection Site.
(ii) If a dispute arises as to the accuracy of the Connection Point
Drawings, a meeting shall be held at the Site, as soon as
reasonably practicable, between the TSP and the User, and both
shall strive to resolve the matter in dispute.
2.7.5 Site Responsibility Schedules
2.7.5.1 In order to inform the Site operational staff and the TSP Control Engineers of
the agreed responsibilities for Plant and/or Apparatus at the Connection

Point, a Site Responsibility Schedule shall be produced for the TSP and the
Users with whom it will interface.
2.7.5.2

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Chapter 3: Planning Code
requirements and/or the portion of the forecast period covered by the

contract.
A3.1.2.7 If the User System is connected to the Grid at a Connection Point with a
bus arrangement which is, or may be operated in separate sections, the
Energy and Demand Forecasts for each bus section shall be separately
stated.
A3.1.3 Generating Unit/Station Data
A3.1.3.1 The Generator shall provide to the TSP data relating to the Generating
Units of its Generating Station(s).
A3.1.3.2 The Distribution Entities and Directly-connected Customers shall provide
the TSP with data relating to the Generating Units of each
Embedded/Captive Generating Station, if applicable.
A3.1.3.3 The following information shall be provided for the Generating Units of
each Generating Station or Embedded/Captive Generating Units/Station
of the other Users:
(i) nominal Capacity rating;
(ii) nominal voltage rating;
(iii) maximum continuous rating;
(iv) emergency rating;
(v) minimum rating;
(vi) speed;
(vii) type of Generating Unit and expected running mode(s);
(viii) auxiliary Power requirements;
(ix) direct axis sub-transient reactance;
(x) capability curve; and
(xi) Grounding arrangement.
A3.1.3.4 For the Generating Unit step-up transformer, the following:
(i) rated Capacity;
(ii) rated voltage;
(iii) cooling stages and capacity rating at each stage;
(iv) number of windings and winding arrangement;
(v) voltage ratio;
(vi) tap changer arrangement (on-load/off-load; at HV or LV), range,
and step size;

(vii) percentage impedance (positive sequence at maximum, minimum,

and nominal tap);
(viii) Grounding arrangement;
(ix) basic lightning impulse insulation level;
(x) Power frequency withstand voltage, required for all (E)HV
transformers;
(xi) chopped impulse withstand voltage, required for all transformers
rated 230 kV and above; and
(xii) switching impulse withstand voltage, required for all transformers
rated 230 kV and above.
A3.1.3.5 If the Generating Unit is connected to the Grid at a Connection Point with
a bus arrangement which is, or may be, operated in separate sections, the
bus section to which each Generating Unit is connected shall be
identified.
A3.1.4 User System Data
A3.1.4.1 The User shall provide the Electrical Diagrams and Connection Point
Drawings of its System and the Connection Point, respectively. The
Diagrams and Drawings shall indicate the quantities, ratings, and
operating parameters of the following:
(i) Equipment (e.g., Generating Units, Power transformers, and circuit
breakers);
(ii) electrical circuits (e.g., overhead lines and underground cables);
(iii) Substation bus arrangements;
(iv) Grounding arrangements;
(v) Protection Schemes, their description and maintenance plans;
(vi) interrupting devices;
(vii) phase configuration;
(viii) switching facilities;
(ix) operating voltages; and
(x) numbering and nomenclature.
A3.1.4.2 The User shall provide the values of the following parameters of the
overhead lines and/or underground cables from the User System
Substation to the Connection Point in the Grid:
(i) rated and operating voltage;

(ii) positive sequence resistance and reactance ;

(iii) positive sequence shunt susceptance ;
(iv) zero sequence resistance and reactance ; and
(v) zero sequence susceptance .
A3.1.4.3 For the User System transformer, the following data shall be provided:
(i) rated MVA;
(ii) rated voltages;
(iii) cooling stages and MVA rating at each stage;
(iv) winding arrangement;
(v) positive sequence resistance and reactance (at maximum,
minimum, and nominal tap);
(vi) zero sequence reactance for three-legged core type transformer;
(vii) tap changer location (at HV or LV winding), range, step size, and
type (on-load or off-load);
(viii) basic lightning impulse insulation level;
(ix) Power frequency withstand voltage, required for all (E)HV
transformers;
(x) chopped impulse withstand voltage, required for all transformers
rated 230 kV and above; and
(xi) switching impulse withstand voltage, required for all transformers
rated 230 kV and above.
A3.1.4.4 The User shall provide the following information for the switchgear,
including circuit breakers, Load Break Switches, and Disconnect Switches
at the Connection Point and at the Substation of the User:
(i) rated voltage;
(ii) rated current;
(iii) rated symmetrical RMS short-circuit current;
(iv) rated unsymmetrical RMS short-circuit current;
(v) circuit breaker rated interrupting current;
(vi) circuit breaker rated interrupting time;
(vii) basic lightning impulse insulation level;
(viii) symmetrical short-circuit current withstand time for all circuit
breakers;
(ix) Power frequency withstand voltage, required for all circuit
breakers;

(x) chopped impulse withstand voltage, required for all circuit breakers
and Disconnect Switches rated 230 kV and above; and
(xi) switching impulse withstand voltage, required for all circuit
breakers and Disconnect Switches rated 230 kV and above.
A3.1.4.5 The User shall provide the details of its System Grounding. This shall
include the rated short time withstand current, zero sequence impedance,
and short time rating of the Grounding Equipment.
A3.1.4.6 The User shall provide the data on independently-switched Reactive
Power compensation Equipment at the Connection Point and/or at the
Substation of the User System. This shall include the following
information:
(i) rated Capacity;
(ii) rated voltage;
(iii) type (e.g., shunt reactor, shunt capacitor, static var compensator);
and
(iv) operation and control details (e.g. fixed or variable, automatic, or
manual).
A3.1.4.7 If a significant portion of the User Demand may be supplied from
alternative Connection Point(s), the relevant information on the Demand
transfer capability shall be provided by the User including the following:
(i) the alternative Connection Point(s);
(ii) the Demand normally supplied from each alternative Connection
Point;
(iii) the Demand which may be transferred from or to each alternative
Connection Point; and
(iv) the control (e.g., manual or automatic) arrangements for transfer
including the time required to effect the transfer for Forced Outage
and planned maintenance conditions.
A3.1.4.8 If a User System has Embedded/Captive Generating Stations and
significantly large-sized motors, the short circuit contribution of the
Embedded/Captive Generating Units and the large motors at the
Connection Point shall be provided by the Distribution Entities (or the
other Users). The short-circuit current shall be calculated in accordance
with the TSP Standards, or in their absence, the relevant IEC Standards
or their equivalent Saudi national standards.

A3.1.4.9 If the User System has fluctuating loads, the following information shall be
provided to the TSP:
(i) cyclic variation of Active Power over time;
(ii) cyclic variation of Reactive Power over time;
(iii) maximum rate of change of Active Power;
(iv) maximum rate of change of Reactive Power;
(v) largest step change of Active Power; and
(vi) largest step change of Reactive Power.
A3.1.4.10 If the User System has commutating Power electronic loads, their detail
such as number of pulses, maximum voltage notch, and Harmonic
distortion potential (up to the 50th Harmonic) shall be provided to the TSP.

Appendix A3.2: Detailed Planning Data
A3.2.1 Generating Unit/Station Data
A3.2.1.1 The following additional information shall be provided for the Generating
Units of each Generating Station:
(i) de-rated Capacity on a monthly basis, if applicable;
(ii) additional capacity obtainable from Generating Units in excess of
Net Declared Capability;
(iii) Minimum Stable Loading ;
(iv) stator armature resistance;
(v) direct axis synchronous, transient, and sub-transient reactances;
(vi) quadrature axis synchronous, transient, and sub-transient
reactances;
(vii) direct-axis transient and sub-transient time constants;
(viii) quadrature axis transient and sub-transient time constants;
(ix) turbine and Generating Unit inertia constant ;
(x) rated field current at rated MW and MVAR output and at rated
terminal voltage; and
(xi) short circuit and open circuit characteristic curves.
A3.2.1.2 The following Excitation System parameters shall be provided for each
Generating Unit:
(i) type (static or rotating);
(ii) make and model;
(iii) DC gain of Excitation loop;
(iv) rating (peak voltage/ peak current);
(v) maximum field voltage;
(vi) minimum field voltage;
(vii) maximum rate of change of field voltage (rising);
(viii) maximum rate of change of field voltage (falling);
(ix) details of Excitation loop described in a diagram form showing
transfer functions of individual elements;
(x) dynamic characteristics of over-Excitation limiter;
(xi) dynamic characteristics of under-Excitation limiter;
(xii) exciter model (in IEEE or PTI’s PSS/E format).

A3.2.1.3 The following Power System Stabilizer (PSS) parameters shall be

provided for each Generating Unit:
(i) type of input(s);
(ii) gain for each input;
(iii) lead time constant(s) for each input;
(iv) lag time constant for each input; and
(v) Power System Stabilizer model (in IEEE or PTI’s PSS/E format).
A3.2.1.4 The Users shall supply any additional special Protection relays and their
settings which take effect in case other than Generating Unit component
Faults such as volt/hertz Protection, etc.
A3.2.1.5 The following Speed Governor System parameters shall be provided for
each reheat steam Generating Unit:
(i) high pressure governor average gain;
(ii) speeder motor setting range;
(iii) speed droop characteristic curve;
(iv) high pressure governor valve time constant;
(v) high pressure governor valve opening limits;
(vi) high pressurehigh pressur
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The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Chapter 4: Operating Code
Short Term Planned Maintenance (STPM) Outage. The request notice

must contain the following information:
(a) identity of the Generating Unit(s) concerned;
(b) MW on Outage (and MW which would still be available, if any,
notwithstanding the Outage);
(c) required duration of the Outage (which must not exceed
seventy-two (72) hours); and
(d) preferred start date and start time or range of start dates and
start times.
(ii) On receipt of a request, the TSP shall consider the request and shall,
after discussing the position with the Generator, reply within three (3)
Business Days in writing indicating:
(a) acceptance of the request, confirming the requested start time
and duration of the STPM Outage;
(b) proposals for the advancement or deferment of the requested
STPM Outage, indicating alternative start time and duration; or
(c) rejection of the request.
(iii) If the TSP accepts the request, the STPM Outage, if taken, must be
taken by the Generator in accordance with the request. If the TSP has
indicated an alternative start time and/or duration, the TSP and the
Generator must discuss the alternative and any other options which
may arise during the discussion. If agreement is reached, then the
Outage, if taken, must be taken by the Generator in accordance with
the agreement. If the request is refused by the TSP or if agreement is
not reached then the Generator will not take the Outage.
(iv) If, for a particular Generating Unit, the TSP has rejected the requests
on two successive occasions which were not less than seven (7) days
apart, the TSP may consider accepting the third request. However, the
TSP may require that such Outage, if it is to be during the three
months of peak summer Demand, be deferred if in the TSP’s
reasonable opinion (were the Outage not to be deferred):
(a) the statutory or regulatory obligations could not be met; or
(b) there would otherwise be insufficient Generation Capacity to
meet Forecast Demand and the Operating Margin.

(v) Any such deferral shall be for so long as the above circumstances
exist, but shall not be beyond the end of the month following the end
of the three months of peak summer Demand.
(vi) In the event that an STPM Outage is scheduled pursuant to (4.3.4.9),
the TSP shall confirm the details within one(1) Business Day after the
details of the STPM Outage have been settled. Such notice shall
contain the following information:
(a) the identity of the Generating Unit(s) concerned;
(b) MW on Outage (and MW which would still be available, if any,
notwithstanding the Outage);
(c) duration of the Outage; and
(d) the start date and start time of the Outage.
4.3.4.10 Notified Unplanned Outages
(i) A Generator must, if it considers that a Generating Unit will require an

Outage which cannot reasonably be deferred to become a Planned
Outage or a STPM Outage but of which it has some advance warning,
give the TSP as much notice as is reasonably possible. Such notice
must include an identification of the Generating Unit, the expected
start date and start time and duration of the Unplanned Outage, and
the nature of the Outage together with the MW on Outage (that is, MW
which will not be available as a result of the Outage and that which will
still be available, if any). The TSP will acknowledge such notice as
soon as reasonably possible after the notice is received by the TSP.
(ii) The TSP may request the Generator to advance or defer the Outage.
If the Generator agrees to such a request, the Generator shall send
the TSP a written notice confirming this agreement. The TSP will
acknowledge this notice. The Generator must then (subject to any
intervening Outage) take the Outage in accordance with that
agreement.
4.3.4.11 Forced Outages
(i) In the event that a Generating Unit suffers a Forced Outage, the
Generator shall inform the TSP within ten (10) minutes of the
commencement of the Outage. As soon as possible after the
commencement of the Outage, the Generator shall also inform the

TSP of the cause of the Outage and the Generator's best estimate of
the date and time by which the Generating Unit is likely to be repaired
and restored to its full level of Availability. If the Generator is unable
for any reason to comply with this requirement, the Generator shall not
later than twenty-four (24) hours after the commencement of the
Forced Outage, provide the TSP such information as is then known to
the Generator regarding the date and time of return from such Outage
and shall provide such updates thereafter as the TSP may reasonably
require.
(ii) In such an event, the TSP shall have the right to inspect the
Generating Unit and all relevant records on any Business Day and at
a reasonable time. The Generator shall fully cooperate with the TSP
during any such inspection.
(iii) A Generator shall use all reasonable endeavors to ensure that,
following a Forced Outage, the Generating Unit is repaired and
restored to its full level of Availability as soon as possible and in
accordance with Good Industry Practice.
4.3.4.12 Release of Generating Units
(i) The Generators may only undertake Planned Outages with the TSP
agreement in accordance with the Outage Program produced
pursuant to the provisions of this section.
(ii) In real time operation, Generating Units must not be withdrawn for a
Planned Outage or a Short Term Planned Maintenance (STPM)
Outage without express formal permission of the TSP for such release
according to the procedures set out below.
(iii) The TSP’s express formal permission shall specify:
(a) the identity of the Generating Unit and MW on Outage (and MW
which would still be Available, if any, notwithstanding the Outage);
(b) the duration of the Outage; and
(c) the start date and start time of the Outage.
(iv) The TSP may withhold its permission for the release of a Generating
Unit for a Planned Outage or a Short Term Planned Maintenance
Outage where such Outage has previously been planned in
accordance with this section’s provisions where, in the TSP’s
reasonable opinion (were such Outage not to be deferred):

(a) the statutory or regulatory obligations could not be met; or

(b) there would be insufficient Generation Capacity to meet Forecast
Demand and the Operating Margin.
(v) The TSP may require the Generator to continue to defer such Outage
for as long as the above situation exists.
4.3.4.13 Return to Service and Overruns
(i) For a Planned Outage, not later than seven (7) days before the expiry
of the Flexible Planned Outage period or the Inflexible Planned
Outage period, the Generator must notify the TSP either that its
Generating Unit is returning to service earlier than expected, or at the
time and date expected, or later than expected and if, upon return, it is
expected to be fully available. Where a Generating Unit is not
expected to be fully available upon its return to service, the Generator
shall state the MW level at which the Generating Unit is expected to
be available. In the case of a Generating Unit which is capable of firing
both on gas and on oil, the Availability must be stated for each fuel.
(ii) In the case of a return from a Planned Outage later than expected, the
notice of return to service must be given not later than required above
and shall state the reason for the delay in the return of the Generating
Unit to service and the Generator’s best estimate of the date and time
at which the Generating Unit will return to service.
(iii) In the case of a return from a Planned Outage earlier than expected, a
notice of return to service must be given as far as possible in advance
of return, but in any event not later than required above.
(iv) A Generator must use all reasonable endeavors to ensure that, in
respect of each Planned Outage of the Generator’s Generating Units,
the Outage schedule as included in the Committed Outage Program
(or as moved in accordance with the provisions of this section) is
followed.
(v) Before returning from any Outage other than a Planned Outage, a
Generator must inform the TSP, as far in advance as reasonably
possible that its Generating Unit is returning to service. The Generator
must, in addition, give an Availability Notice in accordance with the
provisions of Chapter 5: Scheduling and Dispatch Code on the day

prior to the Schedule Day on which the Generating Unit is to return to

service.
(vi) If at any time during an Outage the Generator becomes aware that its
Generating Unit will not have been maintained, repaired or restored to
be available by the expiry of the period specified for the duration of the
Outage in the Committed Outage Program or as otherwise notified in
the case of Outages other than Planned Outages, the Generator shall
notify the TSP immediately in writing stating the reason(s) for the
delay and the Generator's best estimate of the date and time by which
the Generating Unit will actually have been maintained, repaired, or
restored to be available in accordance with the provisions of Chapter
5: Scheduling and Dispatch Code.
4.3.5 Planning of Transmission System Outages
4.3.5.1 The procedure set out in this subsection shall be followed in each calendar
year for planning of Transmission System Outages (see Figure 4.3 below).
Year 2 and Year 3 For Year 1 March till end -Year 0
Indicative Provisional Committed

Outage Outage Outage
Program Program Program
Figure 4.3. Program Horizon for Transmission System Outages
4.3.5.2 The TSP shall plan Transmission System Outages required in Years 2 and 3
as a result of construction or refurbishment works taking due account of the
known requirements. The planning of Transmission System Outages required

in Years 0 and 1 ahead will, in addition, take into account Transmission

System Outages required as a result of maintenance.
4.3.5.3 Transmission System Outages and Generating Unit Outages shall, during
Years 2 and 3 but not in Year 1 or before, be coordinated so that, in general,
the Generating Unit Outages shall take precedence over Transmission
System Outages but subject always, in any particular case, to the TSP
discretion to determine otherwise on the basis of reasons relating to the
proper operation of the Transmission System.
4.3.5.4 Indicative Outage Planning – Planning for Year 2 and 3
By the end of September Year 0, the TSP will draw up a draft Transmission
System Outage Program covering the period Years 2 and 3 for TSP’s internal
use and will notify each User in writing of those aspects of the draft plan
which may operationally affect such User including, in particular, proposed
start dates and end dates of relevant Transmission System Outages. The
TSP will indicate to a Generator where a need may exist to use inter-tripping
or other measures including restrictions on the Scheduling and Dispatch of
Generating Units to allow the Security of the Transmission System to be
maintained within the statutory or regulatory requirements.
4.3.5.5 Provisional Operational Planning - Planning for Year 1
The plan produced pursuant to (4.3.5.4) will become the draft Transmission
System Outage Program for Year 1 when, by the passage of time, Year 2
becomes Year 1. Each calendar year, the TSP shall update the draft
Transmission System Outage plan and shall, in addition, take into account
Outages required as a result of maintenance work.
(i) By the end of June Year 0, the TSP will draw up a draft Provisional
Transmission Outage Program and will inform each User of any
potential restrictions which may affect it and generally the impact on
the Transmission System in Year 1.
(ii) Where a User objects to the proposed restrictions or impact notified to

it in (i) above, equivalent provisions to those set out in (4.3.4.5[ii]) will
apply.

(iii) Between the end of June and the end of September Year 0, the
TSP will draw up a final Transmission System Outage Plan covering
Year 1.
(iv) By the end of September Year 0, the TSP will issue the final
Transmission System Outage Plan for Year 1. The TSP will notify
each User in writing of those aspects of the plan which may
operationally affect that User including, in particular, proposed start
dates and end dates of relevant Transmission System Outages. The
TSP will also indicate where a need exists to use inter-tripping,
emergency switching, emergency load management, or other
measures including restrictions on the Scheduling and Dispatch of
Generating Units to allow the Security of the Transmission System to
be maintained within allowable limits.
4.3.5.6 Committed Outage Planning - Year 0 down to the Programming Phase
The Transmission System Outage plan for Year 1 issued under section
(4.3.5.5) will become the Committed Outage Program for Year 0 when by the
passage of time Year 1 becomes Year 0.
4.3.5.7 Programming Phase
(i) By 14:00 hours each Wednesday, the TSP shall update the
Transmission System Outage plan for the following one (1) week
period beginning on the Saturday.
(ii) The TSP will notify each User in writing of those aspects of the plan
which may operationally affect such User including in particular
proposed start dates and end dates of relevant Transmission System
Outage. The TSP will also indicate where a need exists to use inter-
tripping, emergency switching, emergency load management, or other
measures including, restrictions on the Dispatch of Generating Units
to allow the Security of the Transmission System to be maintained
within allowable limits.
(iii) During the Programming Phase, the User and the TSP will inform
each other immediately if there is any unavoidable requirement to
depart from the Outage Plan and actions determined and notified
under this subsection.

4.3.6 Data Requirements
4.3.6.1 When requested initially under a Power Purchase Agreement and thereafter
by end of December each calendar year, each Generator shall in respect of
each of its Generating Units submit to the TSP in writing the Generator
Performance Chart and the Generation Planning Parameters to be applied
from the beginning of next year onwards, using the schedules provided in
Chapter 6: Data and Information Exchange Code. The Generation Planning
Parameters shall be used by the TSP for Operational Planning purposes only
and not in Scheduling and Dispatch.
4.3.6.2 In the case of a Generating Unit which is capable of firing on two different
fuels, the Generator must submit to the TSP, by separate written notifications,
the Generation Planning Parameters in respect of each fuel, clearly marked to
indicate for which fuel it applies, and also the primary and the standby fuel.
4.3.6.3 The Generator Performance Chart must be on a Generating Unit specific
basis at the Generating Unit terminals and must include details of the
Generator step-up transformer parameters and demonstrate the limitation on
Reactive Power capability of the Transmission System voltage at three (3)%
above nominal.
4.3.6.4 For each Generating Unit whose performance varies significantly with
ambient temperature, the Generator Performance Chart shall show curves for
at least two values of ambient temperature so that the TSP can assess the
variation in performance over all likely ambient temperatures by a process of
linear interpolation or extrapolation. One of these curves shall be for the
ambient temperature at which the Generating Unit output equals its
Registered Capacity.
4.4 System Services
4.4.1 Introduction
4.4.1.1 This section deals with System Services which are essential to the proper
functioning of the Transmission System, and which also determine the Quality
of supply. This section specifically deals with the following System Services:
(i) Frequency Control;
(ii) Voltage Control;
(iii) System Control;
(iv) Operating Margin; and

(v) Black Start.

4.4.1.2 The TSP shall have control over all System Services, that is, it shall
determine what System Services are to be provided, when, and by whom.
4.4.2 Objectives
The objectives of this section are:

(i) to establish a policy to ensure Frequency Control capability in the
Transmission System for operational control by the TSP, and to set
out appropriate procedures to enable the TSP to control the
Transmission System frequency and (insofar as possible) maintain it
within the limits specified in Chapter 2: Connection Code;
(ii) to set out control strategies to be used by the TSP, in conjunction with
Users where appropriate, for controlling the Transmission System
voltages;
(iii) to describe the various time scales for which Operating Margins are
required, the policy which will govern the Dispatch of the reserves,
and the procedures for monitoring the performance of Generating
Units and other reserve providers; and
(iv) to set out requirements relating to Black Start Stations to enable the
TSP to recover the Transmission System from a Partial or Total
Shutdown.
4.4.3 Frequency Control
4.4.3.1 The TSP will achieve Frequency Control through Primary Frequency Control
and Secondary Frequency Control, as set out below:
(i) Primary Frequency Control takes place in the period of up to thirty (30)
seconds after a change in frequency and is achieved by automatic
corrective measures to frequency deviations occurring on the
Transmission System. Automatic Primary Frequency Control Actions
in response to normal frequency fluctuations, within the levels
specified in (2.4.2) on the Transmission System are also commonly
termed as "Frequency Regulation".
(ii) frequency deviations, outside the levels specified in (2.4.2) such as
those that may occur on the loss of one or more Generating Unit(s), or
other MW input into the Transmission System or the Distribution
System are corrected through the use of Operating Reserve.

Secondary Frequency Control takes place in the time scale from 30

seconds up to 10 minutes after the change in frequency. It is provided
by a combination of automatic and manual actions.
4.4.3.2 Generation Speed Governor Systems
(i) To maintain Frequency Regulation capability in the Transmission

System, Generators are required to comply with the provisions of this
section at all times other than as permitted in exceptional
circumstances as laid down in (v) below.
(ii) Generating Units when Synchronized with the Transmission System
shall operate at all times under the control of a Speed Governor
System, unless otherwise specified by the TSP, with characteristics
within the appropriate ranges as specified in Chapter 2: Connection
Code;
(iii) No time delays other than those necessarily inherent in the design of
the Speed Governor System shall be introduced;
(iv) Governor Systems should, as a minimum, be fully responsive to
frequency deviations exceeding ± 0.05 Hz.
(v) The Generator may only restrict the Governor action in some
exceptional circumstances, to be agreed with the TSP in advance,
when doing so becomes essential for any of the following situations:
(a) for the Safety of personnel and/or to avoid damage to Plant;
(b) to secure the Reliability of the Generating Unit;
(c) the restriction is agreed between the TSP and the Generator in
advance;
(d) the restriction is in accordance with a Dispatch Instruction
issued by the TSP.
Such actions shall be brought to the notice of the TSP immediately,
and the TSP shall record them properly.
4.4.4 Voltage Control
4.4.4.1 To maintain Transmission System Security and integrity, to avoid damage to

the Transmission System and to User Plant, and to maintain voltages at User
Connection Points within the limits specified in Chapter 2: Connection Code,
the TSP shall exercise control of the Transmission System voltages.

4.4.4.2 The TSP shall strive to maintain sufficient availability of dynamic and static
Reactive Power capability in order to maintain Transmission System voltages
at Connection Points within the levels specified in (2.4.3) of Chapter 2:
Connection Code, at all times by means of one or more of the following
measures:
(i) the charging capacitance of the Transmission System;
(ii) User Mvar Demand;
(iii) Transmission System Mvar losses;
(iv) Generating Unit Mvar production or absorption;
(v) through on-load tap changing of Generating Unit step-up transformer;
(vi) Voltage Control facilities, such as capacitor banks and reactors; and
(vii) dynamic voltage support.
4.4.4.3 Voltage Control Policy
The TSP shall control System voltage to minimize system losses and cost of
System Services. The TSP shall determine and modify, as appropriate,
general procedures for use in controlling voltage on the Transmission
System. These procedures shall be formulated with due regard to minimizing
cost of the Transmission System operation and optimizing System Safety and
Reliability. In particular, the Voltage Control shall take cognizance of the daily,
weekly and seasonal factors, and the TSP shall determine:
(i) suitable target voltages in order to limit/control the effect of
Transmission capacitance;
(ii) best utilization of dedicated Voltage Control facilities; and
(iii) Mvar dynamic reserve requirements.
4.4.4.4 Voltage Control Methods
(i) The TSP shall continuously monitor the Transmission System

voltages. Appropriate voltage monitoring points shall be determined by
the TSP, taking account of the Voltage Control policy and in particular
of the Transmission System conditions pertaining at the time of
operation.
(ii) The TSP shall adjust Transmission System voltages, using control
facilities that are available so as to achieve the Mvar Capacity
necessary in order to operate the Transmission System voltages at
Connection Points within the levels specified in (2.4.3) and retain a

dynamic Mvar capability to deal with changing System conditions

which result from changes in Demand or changes in Transmission or
Generation configuration, whether as a result of Control Actions or
Faults.
(iii) The Excitation System of each Generating Unit shall be operated
under the control of a continuously acting Automatic Voltage
Regulator (AVR), which shall be set so as to maintain a constant
terminal voltage. The Generator may not disable or restrict the
operation of the AVR except in accordance with (iv) below, in which
event the Generator shall notify the TSP immediately.
(iv) The Generator may only disable or restrict the AVR action where:
(a) the action is essential for the Safety of personnel and/or Plant;
(b) in order to (acting in accordance with Good Industry Practice),
secure the Reliability of the Generating Unit; or
(c) the restriction is agreed between the TSP and the Generator in
advance.
In case the TSP either agrees to a restriction in AVR action or
instructs such a restriction, the TSP shall record the nature of the
restriction, as well as the reason(s), time of occurrence, and the
duration of the restriction.
(v) In situations when the Generating Unit is not operating under AVR, the
TSP may impose restrictions on the operation of the Generating Unit
in accordance with Good Industry Practice, to the extent necessary to
provide for safe and secure operation of the Transmission System
within prescribed standards, including where necessary instructing the
Generator to De-energize the Generating Unit. Where the TSP takes
such action, the TSP shall consult with the Generator as soon as
practicable in order to determine a safe operating regime, which
causes minimum restriction on the operation of the Generating Unit.
(vi) The TSP shall, by means of Dispatch Instructions (as detailed in
Chapter 5: Scheduling and Dispatch Code), instruct Generators to
adjust the Reactive Power output of Generating Units, and the
relevant provisions of Chapter 5 shall apply.

(vii) Other facilities which shall be utilized by the TSP, where appropriate,
in order to exercise Voltage Control shall include one or more of the
following:
(a) switching in or out of dedicated Voltage Control facilities, such
as capacitor banks and reactors;
(b) tap-changing on (E)HV Transmission System transformers;
and/or
(c) switching out of Transmission (E)HV cables (and occasionally
Transmission lines) in order to reduce the capacitive
contribution of the Transmission System.
(viii) The TSP may, occasionally, reschedule Generating Units away from
their Nominations in order to achieve Transmission System voltages
at Connection Points within the levels specified in (2.4.3). However,
the TSP will resort to such rescheduling only to deal with emergencies
or contingencies that threaten the Stability and Security of the
Transmission System.
4.4.4.5 Emergency or Exceptional Voltage Control
Additional Voltage Control mechanisms may be utilized in the event of

System Emergency Conditions. These shall include (but not limited to) the
following:
(i) Generators may be requested to operate Generating Units at Mvar
production or absorption levels outside their currently Declared
Operating Characteristics. This will be done by agreement between
the Generator and the TSP;
(ii) the TSP may also effect changes in System voltage by instructing, as
a form of Dispatch Instruction, the Generators to carry out a tap-
change on the main Generator transformer of several Generating
Units simultaneously; and
(iii) Demand Control may be used to prevent voltage from contravening
the low voltage limits as specified in (2.4.3) at the Connection Points.
4.4.5 System Control
4.4.5.1 In implementing the Transmission Outage Program, in normal operation of

the Transmission System, and in responding to Emergency and Fault
situations on the Transmission System, the TSP may need to carry out

network switching and Control Actions which may, from time to time, affect
the operations of Users or Security of supply to Users.
4.4.5.2 Operational network switching may be required by the TSP for a number of
purposes including the following:
(i) Outages of Transmission Plant and/or Apparatus for the purposes of
maintenance, new works, Operational Tests, Protection Testing, and
work by Users;
(ii) Outages of Transmission Plant and/or due to suspected or potential
Faults and Emergency repairs;
(iii) Voltage Control; or
(iv) limiting Power flows on the Transmission System to levels consistent
with the capabilities of the Transmission Plant and System Security.
4.4.5.3 System switching may also occur automatically and without advance warning
due to operation of Protection schemes in isolating or clearing of Faults on
Transmission Plant or on User Plant which is connected to the Transmission
System.
4.4.5.4 Automatic switching sequences may also be established to limit Power flows
or voltage or frequency deviations in the event of Faults elsewhere on the
4.4.5.5 Notification to Users of Control Actions
(i) The TSP will only inform the User of a Control Action on the
Transmission System if the Control Action has (or expected to have)
a Material Effect for the User.
(ii) Where the TSP is unable to inform the Users prior to the Control
Actions, then the provisions of (4.4.5.6) shall apply.
(iii) Where it is identified and agreed, in accordance with the terms of the
Connection Agreements and/or operating agreements, between the
TSP and a User that a specific Control Action (usually an action
affecting the Transmission System configuration) has an Operational
Effect on a User and that there is merit in notifying the User in
advance of the Control Action, then the TSP will notify the User of the
Control Action (if planned and where time permits), in accordance with
any standing agreement with the User.
(iv) Typical examples of actions notified in accordance with (iii) above may
include:

(a) notification to Users of a significant reduction in supply

Security to a Connection Point, where the User may arrange
standby feeding arrangements at lower voltages; and/or
(b) notification to a Directly-connected Customer of a significant
reduction in supply Security to a Connection Point (such as the
Outage of one of two Connections) where the Directly-
connected Customer may arrange standby supply or run in-
house Generation.
4.4.5.6 Control under Fault or Emergency Conditions
(i) In the event of a System Fault or Protection operation or other

automatic operation, it will not be possible to invoke standing
procedures in accordance with (4.4.5.5) prior to the occurrence of the
Control Action.
(ii) In the circumstances referred to above or in the event that the TSP
needs to implement Control Actions urgently and without informing
Users, then unless the situation is of a temporary nature and has been
rectified to normal, the TSP shall inform Users of the occurrence of the
actions.
(iii) The TSP shall also inform the Users as to the likely duration of the
condition and shall update this prognosis as appropriate. The TSP
shall additionally inform the Users when the condition no longer
prevails.
4.4.5.7 De-energization of Users by the TSP
(i) The TSP may have to De-energize a User's Plant and Apparatus from
time to time if, and to the extent, that the TSP reasonably considers it
necessary in order to provide for safe and secure operation of the
Transmission System in circumstances which otherwise cause or
likely to cause one or more of the following:
(a) risk to the Safety of personnel;
(b) risk to the Stability of the Transmission System;
(c) risk to the Transmission System or any User's Plant and/or
Apparatus;
(d) Transmission System elements to become loaded beyond their
emergency limits;

(e) voltage excursions on the Transmission System outside the

ranges specified in (2.4.3) of Chapter 2: Connection Code;
(f) any behavior causing sustained operation outside the normal
Transmission System operating frequency range;
(g) any material breach of a Connection Condition; or
(h) any action or inaction which places the TSP in breach of any
statutory or regulatory obligation.
(ii) The TSP will notify the relevant User ahead of time about the De-
energization, wherever it is practicable for the TSP, to allow the User
an opportunity and reasonable time to remedy/rectify the problem. In
extreme situations, however, when there is an imminent threat to the
Stability and Security of the System, the TSP will not be obliged to
notify the User ahead of the De-energization.
4.4.6 Operating Margin
4.4.6.1 In order to deal with Demand Forecast uncertainties and to safeguard against
a sudden loss of Generation from the Transmission System, it is imperative
that a suitable Operating Margin be maintained through the Control Phase.
Operating Margin is required to have Capacity available in the System that
can be utilized for reliable and secure balancing of supply and Demand.
4.4.6.2 Operating Margin is the additional output from Generating Plants or Demand
Control which is realizable in real time to aid in containing and correcting any
System frequency falling to an acceptable level due to loss of Generation or a
mismatch between supply and Demand.
4.4.6.3 The Operating Margin consists of Operating Reserve (further divided into 3
categories, Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Operating Reserve) and
Contingency Reserve as further elaborated in the following paragraphs.
4.4.6.4 Operating Reserve
Operating Reserve’s definitions relate to the time elapsed from the

occurrence of an Event which has initiated a frequency disturbance. The
definition of the time at which the Event is deemed to have occurred and
other associated definitions are addressed in the terms and condition laid
down under Operating Margin Policy.

(i) Primary Operating Reserve
(a) Generating Unit providing Primary Operating Reserve for

Frequency Regulation as a System Service shall operate in an
automatic Frequency Sensitive Mode (also known as free-
governor mode) for automatic response of the Unit’s Power
output to changes in frequency. The Speed Governor Systems
of the Generating Unit shall have a maximum response time of
five (5) seconds. The automatic change in Active Power output
of a Generating Unit will also increase or decrease in response
to a System frequency decrease or increase.
(b) The Positive Primary Response is the automatic increase in
Active Power output of a Generating Unit in response to a
System frequency fall in accordance with the Primary Control
capability and additional mechanisms for releasing Active
Power. The Negative Primary Response is the automatic
decrease in Active Power output of a Generating Unit in
response to a System frequency rise in accordance with the
Primary Control capability and additional mechanisms for
reducing Active Power output.
(ii) Secondary Operating Reserve
Secondary Operating Reserve is the additional MW output (and/or

reduction in Demand) required compared to the pre-Incident output (or
Demand), which is fully available and sustainable over the period from
15 to 90 seconds following an Event.
(iii) Tertiary Operating Reserve
Tertiary Reserve is further divided into Band 1 and Band 2, as

explained below:
(a) Band 1: additional MW output (and/or reduction in Demand)
required compared to the pre-incident output (or Demand)
which is fully available and sustainable over the period from
ninety (90) seconds to five (5) minutes following an Event.
(b) Band 2: additional MW output (and/or reduction in Demand)
required compared to the pre-Incident output (or Demand)

which is fully available and sustainable over the period from

five (5) minutes to thirty (30) minutes following an Event.
4.4.6.5 Contingency Reserve
Contingency Reserve is the margin of available Generation Capacity over

Forecast Demand, which is required in the period from twenty-four (24) hours
ahead down to real time, to cover against uncertainties in availability of
Generation Capacity and also against weather forecast and Demand
Forecast uncertainties. Contingency Reserve is provided by Generating Plant
which is not required to be Synchronized, but which must be held available to
Synchronize with the System within a limited time scale.
4.4.6.6 Operating Margin Policy
Operating Reserve
(i) The TSP shall determine the amount of Primary Operating Reserve,
Secondary Operating Reserve, and Tertiary Operating Reserve to be
carried at any time to ensure system Security. Due consideration will
be given to relevant factors, including but not limited to the following:
(a) the relevant TSP operating policy in existence at that time;
(b) the extent to which User Disconnections allowed under the
relevant standard have already occurred within the then
relevant period;
(c) the elapsed time since the last User Disconnection Incident;
(d) particular events of national or widespread significance, which
may justify provision of additional Operating Reserve;
(e) the cost of providing Operating Reserve at any point in time;
(f) the magnitude and number of the largest Generation infeeds to
the Transmission System at that time, including infeeds over
external interconnections and also over single Transmission
feeders within the Transmission System;
(g) ambient weather conditions, insofar as they may affect (directly
or indirectly) Generating Unit and/or Transmission System
Reliability; and
(h) the predicted frequency drop on the loss of the largest infeed
as may be determined through simulation using a dynamic
model of the Power System.

(ii) The TSP shall keep records of significant alterations to the Operating
Margin policy as and when such alterations occur.
Responsibilities of the TSP in respect of Operating Reserve
(iii) The TSP shall, in accordance with Good Industry Practice, Dispatch
Generation and otherwise operate the Transmission System in
compliance with the TSP's determinations as to the Operating Margin
Policy made from time to time.
(iv) The TSP's sole responsibility, having met its obligations under the
preceding provisions of this subsection, shall be to, acting in
accordance with Good Industry Practice, Dispatch such Generating
Units as are required to meet:
(a) System Demand; and
(b) the level of Operating Reserve required by the TSP's then
Operating Margin policy.
Contingency Reserve
(v) The TSP shall determine the amount of Contingency Reserve required
for each time scale up to 24 hours ahead, taking due consideration of
relevant factors including but not limited to the following:
(a) historical Availability and Reliability performance of individual
Generating Units;
(b) notified risk to the Reliability of individual Generating Units;
and
(c) Demand Forecast uncertainties.
4.4.7 Black Start
4.4.7.1 In order to recover the Transmission System from a Partial or Total

Shutdown, it is necessary to have certain Generating Stations (Black Start
Stations) available which have the ability for at least one of their Generating
Units to Start-Up from Shutdown and to Energize a part of the System,
Synchronize to the System, and Energize dead bus, upon instruction from the
TSP within two (2) hours, without an external electrical Power supply.
4.4.7.2 In order to maintain Security on the Transmission System at all times, Black
Start Stations are required to comply with the provisions of this subsection8 1 Tf10.02 0 0 A009u

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Chapter 6: Data and Information Exchange Code
Schedule 8: Scheduling and Dispatch Data
Page1 of 2
Company Name: Equipment/Station Location:
Contact Name and Address:
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Data Generating Unit/Station

Data Description Unit
Category U1 U2 ⋅⋅⋅ Un Station
Generating Unit
Availability
Net Dependable Capacity OD MW

Start time OD Date/time
Generating Unit
unavailability
Start time OD Date/time

End time OD Date/time
Generating Unit initial
conditions
Notice to Synchronize OD hours

Time required for Start-up OD hours
Maximum increase in output
OD
above declared Availability
Any changes to Primary and/or
Secondary Response OD
characteristics
Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters
Generating Unit
inflexibility
OD Text
Description
Start date OD Date/time
End date OD Date/time
Active Power OD MW
Generating Unit
Synchronizing intervals
Hot time interval OD hours

Off-load time interval OD hours
Generating Unit De-
OD Time
synchronizing intervals

Schedule 8: Page 2 of 2
Data Generating Unit/Station

Category U1 U2 ⋅⋅⋅ Un Station
Generating Unit basic data
Minimum Shutdown time OD hours

Generating Unit duty cycle OD
Generating Unit minimum on
OD hours
time
Generating Unit Minimum
OD
Generation
Generating Unit run-up rates
OD MW/min
with breakpoints
Generating Unit run-down rates
OD MW/min
with breakpoints
Generating Unit loading rates
covering the range from
OD MW/min
Minimum Generation to Net
Dependable Power Capacity
Generating Unit de-loading
rates covering the range from
Net Dependable Power OD MW/min
Capacity to Minimum
Generation
Abbreviations: OD Operational Data

Ux Generating Unit number x
Cross Reference: (5.3.3.1 and Appendix A5.1)

Schedule 9: User System Load Characteristics
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Data Year Year Year Year Year Year

Category
0 1 2 3 4 5
Detail of loads with
characteristics
considerably
DPD MW
different than the
typical range
supplied
Demand sensitivity
to voltage variation DPD MW/kV
at peak
Connection Point
DPD Mvar/kV
Demand
Demand sensitivity
to frequency DPD MW/Hz
variation at peak
Connection Point DPD Mvar/Hz
Demand
Maximum
expected phase
unbalance DPD %
imposed on the
System
Average expected
phase unbalance
DPD %
imposed on the
System
Maximum
expected
Harmonic content DPD
%
imposed on the
System
Loads which may
cause Demand
fluctuations
DPD MW
greater than 5 MW
at a Connection
Point
Load criticality
High Priority
DPD MW
Medium Priority
Low Priority
Abbreviations: DPD Detailed Planning Data

Schedule 10: Fault Infeed Data
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Data Year Year Year Year Year Year

Category 0 1 2 3 4 5
Short circuit infeed
to Transmission
System from the
User System at a
Connection Point
Symmetrical three-
phase short circuit kA
DPD
current infeed at instant
of Fault
Symmetrical single-
phase short circuit
DPD kA
current infeed at instant
of Fault
Symmetrical three-
phase short circuit
current infeed after sub-
DPD
transient Fault current kA
contribution has
substantially decayed
Zero sequence source
impedance values as
seen from the %on
DPD
Connection Point MVA
consistent with the
maximum infeed above
Positive sequence X/R
DPD
ratio at instance of Fault
Abbreviations: DPD Detailed Planning Data


Schedule 11: User Demand Profiles and Active Energy Data
Page1 of 2
Phone: City:
Fax: Email:
Data Data Year Year Year Year Year Year Update

Unit
Description Category 0 1 2 3 4 5 Time
Forecast
Demand 1. On the day of User Maximum Demand
profiles for each at Annual Maximum Demand
User System Conditions
End of
(summed over SPD,OD MW 2. On the day of peak TSP Demand at
March
all Connection Annual Maximum Demand Conditions
Points for the 3. On the day of minimum TSP Demand at
Distribution Average Conditions
Entity
0000 : 0100 SPD,OD MW
0100 : 0200 SPD,OD MW
0200 : 0300 SPD,OD MW
0300 : 0400 SPD,OD MW
0400 : 0500 SPD,OD MW
0500 : 0600 SPD,OD MW
0600 : 0700 SPD,OD MW
0700 : 0800 SPD,OD MW
0800 : 0900 SPD,OD MW
1000 : 1100 SPD,OD MW
1100 : 1200 SPD,OD MW
1200 : 1300 SPD,OD MW
1300 : 1400 SPD,OD MW
1400 : 1500 SPD,OD MW
1500 : 1600 SPD,OD MW
1600 : 1700 SPD,OD MW
1700 : 1800 SPD,OD MW
1800 : 1900 SPD,OD MW
1900 : 2000 SPD,OD MW
2000 : 2100 SPD,OD MW
2100 : 2200 SPD,OD MW
2200 : 2300 SPD,OD MW
2300 : 2400 SPD,OD MW

Schedule 11: Page2 of 2
Data Data Year Year Year Year Year Year

Unit Update
Description Category 0 1 2 3 4 5
Time
End of
Total Demand SPD,OD MW
March
Active Energy End of
SPD,OD MWh
requirement March
Annual MWh
requirements
(summed
over all
Connection
Points) for
Distribution
Entities at
Average
Conditions
End of
SPD,OD MWh March
Residential
End of
Agricultural SPD,OD MWh
March
End of
Commercial SPD,OD MWh
March
End of
Government SPD,OD MWh
March
End of
Industrial SPD,OD MWh
March
End of
Street Lighting SPD,OD MWh
March
End of
Hospitals SPD,OD MWh
March
Any other
identifiable End of
SPD,OD MWh
categories of March
Users
User System End of
SPD,OD MWh
losses March
Abbreviations: SPD Standard Planning Data

OD Operational Data
Cross References: (3.3.3.4, Appendix A3.1, and section 4.2)

Schedule 12: Data Supplied by the TSP to Users
Data Description
The date and time of annual peak of TSP Demand at Annual Maximum Demand
Conditions
The date and time of annual minimum TSP Demand at Average Conditions
Transmission System data including
Network Topology and ratings of principal items of Equipment

Positive, negative and zero sequence data of lines, cables, transformers, etc.
Relay and Protection data
Transmission System Data as an equivalent 380kV, 230kV and 110/115kV source
at the Connection Point to the User System
Symmetrical three-phase short-circuit current infeed at the instant of Fault from the
Transmission System
Symmetrical three-phase short circuit current from the Transmission System after the sub-
transient Fault current contribution has substantially decayed
Zero sequence source resistance and reactance values at the Connection Point,
consistent with the maximum infeed currents above
Pre-Fault voltage magnitude at which the maximum Fault currents were calculated
Positive sequence X/R ratio at the instant of Fault
Appropriate interconnection transformer data
Name of Safety Representatives
Provisional Outage program showing the Generating Units expected to be
withdrawn from service during each week of Years 2 and 3 for Planned Outages
Draft Outage Program showing the Generating Units expected to be
withdrawn from service during each week of Year 1 for Planned Outages
Maximum and minimum short circuit data relevant to the Connection Site
Cross Reference: (1.13.3 and 2.3.5)

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Chapter 7: Metering Code
CHAPTER 7 METERING CODE
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 In order to properly account for the flow of electricity through the
Transmission System, it is imperative that suitable and accurate metering and
recording facilities are provided at all Connection Points on the Grid. This
chapter, therefore, deals with metering and recording requirements for
Participants and clarifies on their obligations relating to such installations. It
also sets the minimum technical, design and operational criteria to be
complied with by Users relating to metering and data collection Equipment
and installations.
7.1.2 The provisions of this chapter are specifically applicable to issues relating to
the following:
(i) supply, installation, and maintenance of Metering Equipment (Main as
well as Check) and their testing and calibration;
(ii) collection, storage, and communication of metering data; and
(iii) competencies and standards of performance of Participants relating to
metering.
7.2 Objective
The objective is to set out the responsibilities of the Participants relating to

measuring and recording of Active and Reactive Power flows and Energy
imports into or exports out of the Grid and also to specify the terms and
conditions that will govern the metering and recording Equipment and
systems employed for the above purpose.
7.3 Metering Responsibility
7.3.1 The TSP shall be responsible for managing and collecting metering
information and shall ensure that all points identified as Metering Points in the
relevant Connection Agreement have proper metering facilities.
7.3.2 The User shall be responsible to provide Meters and the associated
Equipment and facilities at the Connection Point and offer these for installing
and sealing by the TSP along with proofs of certification in respect of Meters
and the CTs and VTs by an accredited laboratory as set out in (7.3.4) below.

7.3.3 The User shall also be responsible to demonstrate that its Metering
Equipment meets all the technical requirements and standards set forth in this
chapter.
7.3.4 Prior to making them available to the TSP for installing and sealing, the Users
shall submit the Meters for certification to an independent laboratory
accredited for such purposes by the Regulator.
7.3.5 The TSP shall ensure that installation, Commissioning, maintenance,
auditing, and testing of Metering Equipment and allied systems are done in
accordance with the standards as specified in the relevant Connection
Agreement.
7.3.6 Notwithstanding (7.3.2 to 7.3.4) above, once installed, all Main Meters shall
be owned and operated by the TSP.
7.3.7 The User shall also provide to the TSP all the information that the TSP will
reasonably require to perform its metering duties properly.
7.4 Metering Equipment
The Metering Equipment at the Connection Point shall consist of:
(i) Meters;
(ii) Instrument Transformers;
(iii) Lightning Protection; and
(iv) All other interconnecting electric/telecommunication cables, wires, and
associated devices, etc.
7.5 Metering Point
7.5.1 The Metering Point shall be at the Connection Point on the Transmission
System, as specified in the relevant Connection Agreement.
7.5.2 The Actual Metering Point may differ from the Connection Point, if agreed by
the TSP and the User. The accuracy requirements of the Metering Code then
shall apply to the Actual Metering Point.
7.5.3 Where the Actual Metering Point and the Connection Point do not coincide,
then, where necessary, compensation for Power transformer and/or line
losses shall be provided. The compensation may be applied locally within the
Metering Equipment or remotely. In both cases, however, compensation
factors and the justification for them must be recorded.

7.6 Metering Parameters
7.6.1 Energy and Demand metering for both Active and Reactive Power shall be
required at every Metering Point.
7.6.2 The Meters shall have the capability to separately record the flow of Active
and Reactive Power and import and export of Energy at each Connection
Point on the Grid.
7.6.3 The Meters shall have the capability to measure Power flows in all the
quadrants in which such flow is possible.
7.6.4 The Meters shall be configured to record/store peak demand data in quarter-
hourly integration periods.
7.7 Metering Data Storage and Availability
7.7.1 The TSP shall create, maintain and administer a metering database
containing the following information:
(i) name and unique identifier of the Metering Installation;
(ii) date of installation;
(iii) the date of Commissioning of the installation and Commissioning
documents;
(iv) the connecting parties at the Metering Installation;
(v) date of Energization;
(vi) Fault, repair, and maintenance history for each Metering Installation;
(vii) telephone numbers used to retrieve information from the Metering
Installation;
(viii) type of the Meter at the Metering Installation; and
(ix) calibration certificates for all the Metering Equipment.
7.7.2 Data storage facilities for metering data shall be provided as follows:
(i) a storage capacity of ninety-six (96) periods per day for a minimum of
thirty (30) days for all Demand Values;
(ii) the stored Demand Values shall be integer values of kW or kvar and
have a resolution of at least 0.1% (at full load);
(iii) the accuracy of the Energy values derived from Demand Values shall
be within ±0.1% (at full load) of the amount of Energy measured by
the associated Meter;

(iv) the value of any Energy measured in a Demand Period but not stored
in that Demand Period shall be carried forward to the next Demand
Period;
(v) in the event of a Metering Equipment Power supply failure, the
Metering Equipment shall protect all data stored up to the time of the
failure, and maintain the time accuracy in accordance with (7.11);
(vi) to cater for continuous supply failures, the clock, calendar and all data
shall be supported for a period of fifteen (15) days without an external
supply connected;
(vii) any "read" operation shall not delete or alter any stored metered data;
and
(viii) Upon request by the data collection system, the Metering Equipment
shall provide any portion of the stored data.
7.7.3 The TSP shall be the owner of all the metering data and shall keep these data
for at least five (5) years for audit trail purposes.
7.7.4 The TSP shall maintain in duplicate a continuous log on which shall be
recorded at the end of every billing period the readings of all the Meters and
instruments pertaining to delivery of, and billing for, Demand and Energy
supplied by the TSP or taken by it. Such logs shall also show a brief
statement giving complete facts of Interruption or other unusual Events
affecting the service. The TSP shall deliver one set of the said duplicates
each month to the User, upon request.
7.7.5 User’s metered data shall be considered strictly confidential and shall not be
disclosed to anyone, except to that User or the Regulator.
7.7.6 The TSP shall provide a User direct access to its Meter pulse data, if required
by the User. However, this access will be restricted to Check Meter data only
and will be in the same format that the Main Meter supplies to the TSP Meter
reading process. Any cost incurred by the TSP for this purpose shall be borne
in full by the relevant User.
7.7.7 All the Metering Systems shall have the capability of electronic data transfer.
However, during the transition period, on-Site meter reading and reporting
may be needed.
7.7.8 If on-Site meter reading is necessary, it shall be witnessed by authorized
representatives of all concerned parties.
7.7.9 The TSP shall connect a telecommunications medium to the meter/recorder
that will allow for remote downloading of metering data.

7.7.10 The TSP shall be enabled to remotely interrogate a Meter or recorder on a

daily basis or as mutually agreed with a User.
7.7.11 Meters shall be visible and accessible, but the access to such meters shall be
authorized only by the TSP.
7.7.12 The metering data retrieval by remote link, or by on-Site method in the case
of a persistent telecommunication problem, shall be a secure process
whereby Meters or recorders are directly interrogated to retrieve billing
information from their memories.
7.7.13 The TSP shall be responsible for the validation and substitution of metering
data.
7.7.14 In principle, Check metering data, where available, shall be used to validate
metering data provided that Check Metering Equipment accuracy conforms to
the standards of this section.
7.8 Metering Equipment Standards
7.8.1 All Metering Equipment shall comply with the provisions set out in this
Metering Code. These provisions may be revised from time to time in
consultation with the Regulator to take account of changing technologies or
the requirements of the industry.
7.8.2 The Metering Equipment shall be accurate within the prescribed limits for
such Metering Equipment referred to in the relevant Connection Agreement or
set out in the Metering Code.
7.8.3 The accuracy of the various items of Metering Equipment shall conform to the
relevant IEC standards (or their equivalent Saudi national standards).
7.8.4 The Meters shall be calibrated by an independent calibrating agency
accredited by the Regulator for this purpose. The User shall provide
calibration certificate with expiry date of calibration.
7.8.5 Voltage Transformers (VTs)
(i) The Voltage Transformers shall comprise three (3) units for a three-
phase set, each of which complies with IEC Standard 60044-2:
Instrument Transformers — Part 2: Inductive Voltage Transformers (or
its equivalent ANSI/IEEE/Saudi national/TSP standard) for metering,
and shall be of the 0.2 accuracy class. These Voltage Transformers
shall be connected in the configuration as agreed in the relevant
Connection Agreement.

(ii) The voltage drop in each phase of the Voltage Transformer

connections of the same accuracy and class shall not exceed 0.2 V. It
shall be connected only to a Main Meter with a burden that shall not
affect the accuracy of measurement.
7.8.6 Current Transformers (CTs)
(i) The Current Transformers shall comprise three (3) units for a three-
phase set, each of which complies with the IEC Standard 60044-1:
Instrument Transformers — Part 1: Current Transformers (or its
equivalent ANSI/IEEE/Saudi national/TSP standard) for metering, and
shall be of 0.2 accuracy class. It is preferred that two (2) Current
Transformer cores with corresponding number of secondary coils per
phase be provided between the connection box and the terminal of the
metering element on the Meter so that the Current Transformer
connections for checking Meter pulses can be completely separated
from those provided for the Meters.
(ii) The Current Transformer’s rated secondary current shall be either 1 or
5 amperes. The neutral conductor shall be effectively Grounded at a
single point and shall be connected only to a Main Meter with a
burden that shall not affect the accuracy of measurement.
7.8.7 Meters
(i) Meters shall be of the three-element type independent for each phase,
rated for the required Site, comply with IEC Standard 62052-11:
Electricity Metering Equipment (AC) — General requirements, tests,
and testing conditions or IEC Standard 62053-21: Electricity Metering
Equipment (AC) — Particular requirements (or their equivalent
ANSI/IEEE/Saudi national/TSP standards), for static watt-hour meter
and other types of Meters, and shall be of the accuracy class of 0.2 or
equivalent. The Meters shall measure and locally display at least the
kW, kWh, kvar, kvarh, and cumulative Demand, with additional
features such as time-of-use, maintenance records, Power Quality
monitoring, and pulse output. The pulse output for remote metering
must be for all the major measurement features.
(ii) The Meters may be digital or analogue as per the agreement between
the TSP and the User.

(iii) A cumulative record of the parameters measured shall be available on

the Meter. Bi-directional Meters shall have two such records available.
If combined Active Energy and Reactive Energy Meters are provided,
then a separate record shall be provided for each measured quantity
and direction. The loss of auxiliary supply to the Meter shall not erase
these records.
(iv) Data storage shall be provided internally or externally to the Meter by
way of a data logger which shall provide an output per measured
quantity.
7.9 Testing and Inspection of Metering Installations
7.9.1 All Meters, CTs and VTs, shall be tested for accuracy at initial
Commissioning. Tests shall also be carried out thereafter at intervals not less
frequently than every twelve (12) months for Main Meters and not less than
six (6) years for CTs and VTs, or as specified in the relevant Connection
Agreement to verify that their operation is within the prescribed limits of error.
7.9.2 Test terminals shall be provided for Main and Check Meters to facilitate on
site tests.
7.9.3 Meters shall be tested in service and should be tested out of service only if
the accuracy is suspected to be not within the limits.
7.9.4 A User may request a test and shall bear the full cost of such testing if the
Meter is found to be not operating within the prescribed limits. Tests will be
organized such that all relevant parties are notified of the tests, and are
invited to witness them, if required. Test results will be made available to the
User involved.
7.9.5 Meters may also be tested by the TSP whenever the TSP notices or suspects
an error in metering.
7.9.6 In carrying out of tests on Main Meters, any interruption to measurement will
be taken account of and appropriately compensated. The testing
measurement will be taken by another Meter and will be appropriately
compensated.
7.9.7 Care shall be taken in carrying out tests to ensure that any Interruption to
measurement is avoided or minimized.
7.9.8 Certified test Equipment and reference standards (traceable to a recognized
national or international standard) shall be used in such tests and if, by

agreement, it is deemed necessary, an approved independent laboratory may

be employed.
7.9.9 Where a test indicates that an error exceeds the limits of error prescribed in
the applicable standards, then these errors shall be recorded before promptly
adjusting, repairing or renewing the Metering Equipment (or part thereof) or
replacing any defective components.
7.9.10 Pursuant to (7.9.9) above, the reading taken previously, and all charges
based therein, shall be corrected on the basis of this test for a period as set in
the applicable Connection Agreement.
7.9.11 The Metering Equipment shall be restored to service and proved to be
operating within the prescribed limits of accuracy as soon as is reasonably
practicable.
7.10 Main and Check Metering
7.10.1 For each Connection, Main and Check Metering shall be provided. Main and
Check Meters shall be from different manufacturers and shall operate from
separate CT and VT windings.
7.10.2 The provisions of this chapter shall apply equally to Main and Check Meters.
7.10.3 CT and VT windings and cables connecting such windings to Main Meters
shall be dedicated for such purposes and such cables and connections shall
be securely sealed.
7.10.4 The Main Meter, Check Meter and additional burdens shall have separately
fused VT supplies.
7.10.5 The loss of voltage to the Meters should give an alarm.
7.11 Timekeeping
7.11.1 All Metering Installation shall record time, based on Saudi Arabian Standard
Time.
7.11.2 The commencement of each Demand Period shall be within ±10 seconds of
the true time.
7.11.3 The duration of each Demand Period shall be accurate to within ± 0.1%
except where time synchronization has occurred in that period.

7.12 Metering Access and Sealing
7.12.1 Metering Equipment and associated communications Equipment shall be

located in a dedicated and secure cabinet located in an area readily
accessible, free from obstructions, and well-lit by artificial light(s).
7.12.2 The cabinet shall conform to the manufacturer’s stated environmental
conditions. These design measures shall at least include protection from
moisture and dust and from physical damage including vibration and provide
appropriate temperature control.
7.12.3 The cabinet shall be equipped with a lock and shall be clear-fronted and
sealed by the TSP. The control of this sealing shall conform to procedures as
laid down by the TSP from time to time. This seal can only be broken by or
with the consent of the TSP.
7.12.4 Internal access to Metering Equipment, enclosures, and the associated
communications equipment shall be in accordance with procedures specified
by the TSP.
7.12.5 The Users shall permit the TSP or its representatives, the rights to enter
upon, pass through, and remain upon any part of such User property to the
extent necessary for the purposes of performance under this Code. Users
shall make all reasonable arrangements and provisions to facilitate the TSP
or its representatives in exercising such rights.
7.12.6 The right of access provided pursuant to (7.12.5) above shall also include the
right to bring any vehicles, Plants, machinery and maintenance or other
materials as may be reasonably required by the TSP for the performance of
obligations under the Metering Code.
7.13 Repair and Maintenance of Metering Equipment
7.13.1 The Metering Equipment at the Connection Point shall be maintained by the
TSP at the witness of the User. All test results, Maintenance Programs, and
sealing records shall be kept for the life of the Metering Equipment, and for
five (5) years after the retirement of the Equipment. The Equipment data and
test records shall be made available to authorized parties.
7.13.2 The TSP shall repair the Metering System as soon as practical if a Metering
System malfunctions or requires maintenance. The TSP shall charge for the
metering services provided.

7.14 Approval, Certification, and Testing of Metering Equipment
7.14.1 The TSP has the responsibility for Meter type approval, Meter certification,
and Meter testing for compliance with the provisions of the Metering Code.
7.14.2 Meter Equipment used in accordance with this Code shall be approved types.
The TSP shall maintain this list and shall make it available to Users on
request.
7.14.3 All Metering Equipment shall be from a manufacturer pre-qualified by the
TSP.
7.14.4 The TSP shall maintain records for all Metering Equipment relating to their
calibration including the dates and results of any tests, readings, and
adjustments.
7.14.5 Such records shall also include any other details as may be required by the
TSP. Such records shall be complete and accurate and retained for the life of
the relevant item.
7.14.6 The TSP shall make arrangements to seal all Metering Equipment, data
collection equipment, and associated modems and telephone links.
7.14.7 All new Metering Equipment shall be required to undergo relevant certification
tests which shall be performed in accordance with the relevant
international/Saudi national standards.
7.14.8 Meter Certificates shall be issued for a specified life span. The Meter
Certificate duration may differ for different Meter types and may change from
time to time.
7.14.9 Following certification, a certification seal will be applied. This seal must be
maintained intact in order for the Meter to retain certified status.
7.14.10 Meters removed from service must be re-certified before reconnection for
use.
7.15 Meter Reconciliation
7.15.1 The TSP shall make arrangement to remotely read the cumulative energy
values every month for checking purposes.
7.15.2 If cumulative energy values are not available remotely, then the TSP will take
manual readings each month for the above purposes.
7.15.3 Within three (3) weeks of the manual Meter reading, the TSP shall prepare a
Meter Reconciliation Statement in which it will record the difference between
the two successive manual Meter readings and compare it with the total
energy recorded for the same time period.

7.15.4 If any difference between the manual reading and electronically recorded
reading of more that 0.1 percent is noticed, it shall be highlighted and referred
to for further checking.
7.15.5 If as a result of the above check, the discrepancy is confirmed, then the TSP
will inform the relevant User and take appropriate action to deal with the
situation in accordance with the provisions of the Commercial/Market Code
(to be developed by the TSP in due course).

The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Glossary and Definitions
GLOSSARY AND DEFINITIONS
Active Energy The integral of the Active Power with respect to time,
measured in watt hour (Wh) or multiples thereof.
Unless otherwise qualified, the term “Energy” refers
to Active Energy
Active Power The time average of the instantaneous power over

one period of the electrical wave, measured in watts
(W) or multiples thereof.
Actual Metering Point Actual location of the Metering Point on the

Adequacy (in relation to The ability of the electric system to supply the
Reliability) aggregate electrical Demand and Energy
requirements of the customers at all times, taking
into account scheduled and reasonably expected
unscheduled Outages of System elements.
Affected User A User who provides evidence to the TSP and in the
opinion of the TSP the evidence proves the User’s
sufficient interest in the matter.
Amber Alert An alert issued by the TSP to the Users when a

single Event would give rise to a reasonable
possibility of failure to meet the System Demand, or
of frequency or voltage departing significantly from
normal, or if multiple Events are probable due to
prevailing weather conditions.
Annual Maximum The conditions that lead to Maximum Demand on the

Demand Conditions Transmission System in the year.
Operations Report An annual Report summarizing the occurrences of

operation on the User or Transmission System.
Apparatus Means all Equipment, in which electrical conductors

are used, supported, or of which they may form a
part. In the Grid Code it means (Extra) High Voltage
electrical circuits forming part of a System on which
Safety Precautions may be applied to allow work
and/or testing to be carried out on a System.
Apparent Power Power that appears to be present when the voltage

and current in the circuit are measured separately. It
is measured in volt amperes (VA)

Authority for Access An authority which grants the holder the right to un-
accompanied access to a Site containing (E)HV
conductors.
Automatic Load The process of automatically and deliberately

Dropping removing pre-selected loads from a Power System in
response to an abnormal condition in order to
maintain the integrity of the System.
Automatic Voltage A continuously acting automatic Excitation control

Regulator (AVR) system to control the voltage of a Generating Unit
measured at the Generating Unit terminals.
Availability The long-term average fraction of time that a

component or system is in service and satisfactorily
performing its intended function. Also, the steady-
state probability that a component or system is in
service.
Availability Notice A submission by a Generator in respect of each of its

Generating Units to the TSP pursuant to the
provisions of Scheduling and Dispatch Code stating
whether or not such Units are available for
Generation.
Average Conditions That combination of weather elements within a

period of time which is the average of the observed
values of those weather elements during equivalent
periods over many years.
Backup Reserve Refers to a Generating Unit that has Fast Start

Capability and can Synchronize with the Grid to
provide its Declared Capacity for a minimum period
as specified by the TSP.
Black Start The process of recovery from Total System Blackout

using a Generating Unit with the capability to start
and Synchronize with the System without an external
Power supply.
Black Start Test A Test carried out by a Generator with a Black Start
Unit, on the instructions of the TSP, to demonstrate
that the Unit has the contracted Black Start
capability.
Black Start Unit/Station A Generating Unit/Station having Black Start

capability.
Blue Alert An alert issued by the TSP to notify that either a

Partial or a Total Shutdown of the System has taken
place.

Busbar An electrical conduit at facilities where lines,

transformers and other Equipment are connected.
Business Day Any day on which banks are open for business.
Capacity The rated continuous load-carrying capability of

Generation, Transmission, or other electrical
Equipment, expressed in megawatts (MW) or
megavolt-amperes (MVA).
Check Meter The Meter designated to provide measurements at a

metering point for verification or substitution
purposes.
Coincident Peak The sum of two or more peaks that occur in the
same demand period.
Commissioning A process to ensure that all Equipment, Protection

Schemes, and other systems relating to the User
Development are correctly functioning.
Commissioning Any report(s) that are prepared to document the

Report(s) process and results of the Commissioning activity.
Commissioning Tests Commissioning Tests is one of the final activities

under project implementation which is carried out to
test and commission all Equipment, Protection
Schemes and other systems to verify the correct
functioning of the User Development.
Committed Outage The Outage Program that the TSP shall prepare for
Program (for Generation the period up to end of Year 1.
Outages)
Committed Outage The Outage Program that the TSP shall prepare for
Program (for the period up to end of Year 0.
Transmission Outages)
Committed Project The data for a User Development once an Offer for a
Planning Data Connection Agreement or an amended Connection
Agreement has been accepted by the User.
Completion Date The date, specified in the Connection Agreement or

amended Connection Agreement, when the User
Development is scheduled to be completed and is
ready for Connection to the Grid.
Connection Means the installation of Connection Assets in such

a way that, subject to Energization, the User may
import and/or export electricity to and/or from the
Transmission System at the Connection Point and
“Connected” shall be construed accordingly.

Connection Asset The electric Power lines and electrical Equipment

used to effect a connection of a User's System to the
Connection Agreement An agreement between a User and the TSP, which

specifies the terms and conditions pertaining to the
Connection of the User System or Equipment to a
new Connection Point in the Grid.
Connection Date The date on which the Commissioning Tests have to

properly completed to the satisfaction of the TSP in
respect of every part of the User's System, following
which the TSP shall, as soon as reasonably
practicable, notify the User to that effect, specifying
the date of completion of such implementation.
Connection Point The electrical point of connection where the assets

of a User (Generator, Distribution Entity, or Directly-
connected Customer) are physically connected to
the system of the TSP. The TSP shall own, operate,
and maintain all the facilities up to and including
those at this Point. The User shall own, operate, and
maintain all the facilities beyond this Point.
Connection Site The site at which the Plant and Apparatus of the
User at the User's side of the Connection Point is to
be installed including the land, spaces, roads and
any surfaces.
Contingency Plans The plans prepared to deal with any contingencies

on the Transmission System.
Contingency Reserve It is the margin of available Generation Capacity over

forecast Demand, which is required in the period
from 24 hours ahead down to real time, to cover
against uncertainties in Availability of Generation
Capacity and also against weather forecast and
Demand Forecast errors.
Control Action An action, such as switching, whereby the

Transmission System is operated.
Control Center A location used for the purpose of monitoring,

controlling, and operating of the Generator's Plant
and Apparatus.
Control Engineer The designated person of the TSP responsible for

directing and controlling the operation of
Control Phase The Control Phase follows on from the Programming

Phase and covers the period down to real time.

Critical Loading Refers to the condition when the loading of

transmission lines or substation Equipment is
between 90 percent and 100 percent of the
continuous rating.
Current Transformer (CT) Device that reduces or scales down the actual
system current to proportional values of a few
amperes for use by a Protection System or Meter.
Data Acquisition System A device provided to record the sequence of

operation in time, of the relays/ Equipments/system
parameters at a location.
Declaration A notice prepared by the Generator in respect of its

Generating Units and submitted to the TSP pursuant
to the provisions of Scheduling and Dispatch Code
and setting out the values relating to Availability,
System Services capabilities, Operating
Characteristics. The term “Declared” shall be
construed accordingly.
Declared Data The data provided by the Generator pursuant to the

provisions of Scheduling and Dispatch Code in
accordance with the latest/current Generating Unit
parameters.
De-energize/De- The act reverse of Energize/Energization.

energization
Default Default shall mean the failure of a Participant to

discharge its obligations in accordance with the
provisions of the Grid Code.
Demand The demand of MW and Mvar of electricity (i.e. both

Active and Reactive Power), unless otherwise
stated.
Demand Control The reduction in Demand for the control of the

frequency when the Grid is in an Emergency state.
This includes Automatic Load Dropping, Manual
Load Dropping, and Demand Reduction upon
instruction by the TSP, Demand Disconnection
managed by Users, and Voluntary Load Curtailment.
Demand Forecast The projections of Power and Active Energy

requirements relating to a Connection Point in the
Demand Period A legal obligation of certain duration.
Demand Value The value of the parameters requested by User or

TSP.

Derogation An order by the Regulator relieving a particular

Participant from that Participant’s obligation to
comply with the Grid Code in specified
circumstances and to a specified extent.
De-Synchronize The process of taking a Generating Unit and/or

interconnected AC Systems off the Transmission
System when they were previously Synchronized
with it. The term de-synchronized, de-synchronizing,
and the like shall be construed accordingly.
Detailed Planning Data The data that the TSP may require from any User in
support of the Standard Planning Data.
Directly-connected Any User directly connected to the Transmission

Customers System, other than the Generator or Distribution
Entities.
Disconnection The opening of an electrical circuit to isolate an

electrical System or Equipment from a Power
source.
Disconnector/Disconnect A switch that is used for closing, opening, or

Switch changing the connections in a circuit or system or for
purposes of Isolation.
Dispatch The process used by the TSP to apportion the total

Demand of the Grid through the issuance of
Dispatch Instructions to Generators, Distribution
Entities, and Directly-connected Customers in
accordance with the provisions of Chapter 5:
Scheduling and Dispatch Code to achieve the
operational requirements of balancing Demand with
supply that will ensure the Security of the Grid.
Dispatch Instruction Refers to the instruction issued by the TSP to the

Generators, Distribution Entities, Directly-connected
Customers, Scheduled Generating Units and/or the
Generators whose Generating Units will provide
System Services to implement the final Generation
Schedule in real time.
Dispatch Parameters The electrical parameters incorporated in the

Dispatch Instruction.
Dispatched Output The net Energy delivered to the Transmission

System by a Generator at the Connection Point
(gross Generated energy minus auxiliary
consumption).
Distribution Entity Entity that own, operate, and distribute electricity

through a Distribution System.

Distribution System The system of wires and associated facilities

belonging to a franchised Distribution Entity,
extending between the delivery points on the
Connection Point to the premises of the end users of
electricity. Also, it is an electricity network consisting
of assets operated at a nominal voltage of 69 kV or
less.
Disturbance Recorder A device provided to record the behavior of the pre-

selected digital and analog values of the system
parameters during an Event.
Electric Utility Industry Means all the stakeholders responsible for the
Generation, Transmission, Distribution, and use of
electricity.
Electrical Diagram A schematic representation, using standard electrical

symbols, which shows the connection of Equipment
or Power System components to each other or to
external circuits.
Electricity Law The “Electricity Law” of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Embedded/Captive A Generating Unit/Station that is connected to a

Generating Unit/Station Distribution System or the System of any User and
has no direct Connection to the Transmission
System.
Emergency A Partial Shutdown or Total Shutdown or any other

physical or operational condition and/or occurrence
on the System which, in TSP’s opinion, is (i)
imminently likely to endanger or is endangering life
or property; or (ii) is imminently likely to impair or is
impairing: (a) TSP's ability to discharge any
statutory, regulatory or other legal obligation and/or
(b) the Safety and/or Reliability of the Power System.
Emergency Plans TSP's plans to deal with Emergency situations or

Events.
Energize/Energization The act of operation of switching Equipment or the

Start-up of a Generating Unit, which results in there
being a non-zero voltage beyond a Connection Point
or part of the System.
Energy Unless otherwise qualified, refers to the Active

Energy.
Equipment All Apparatus, machines, conductors, etc., used as

part of, or in connection with, an electrical
installation.

Equipment Identification The System of numbering or nomenclature for the

identification of Equipment at the Connection Points
in the Grid.
Estimated Equipment It shall contain the User’s best estimate of the values
Data of parameters and information pertaining to its
Equipment and Apparatus and which on Connection
become fixed (subject to any subsequent change).
Event An unscheduled or unplanned occurrence or an

abrupt change or disturbance in a Power System
due to Fault, Equipment Outage, or adverse weather
condition.
Event Logger A device provided to record the sequence of

operation in time, of the relays/ Equipments at a
location during an Event.
Excitation (System), The Equipment providing the field current of a

Exciter Generating Unit, including all regulating and control
elements, as well as field discharge or suppression
Equipment and protective devices.
Extra High Voltage EHV A voltage level exceeding 230 kV.
Fast Start Capability The Capability of a Generating Unit to Start-up and

Synchronize with the Grid within 15 minutes.
Fault Physical condition that causes a device, component,

or element to fail to perform in a required manner.
Flexible Planned Outage A Planned Outage which can be, at the request of
the TSP, deferred or advanced by a certain period.
Flicker Severity (Long A value derived from 12 successive measurements

Term) or Plt of Flicker Severity (Short Term) (over a two hour
period) and a calculation of the cube root of the
mean sum of the cubes of 12 individual
measurements.
Flicker Severity (Short- A measure of the visual severity of flicker derived

term) or Pst from the time series output of a flicker meter over a
10 minute period and as such provides an indication
of the risk of User complaints.

Force Majeure Force Majeure shall mean any act of God, labor
disturbance, act of the public enemy, war,
insurrection, riot, fire, storm or flood, explosion,
breakage or accident to machinery or Equipment,
any order, regulation or restriction imposed by
governmental, military or lawfully established civilian
authorities, or any other cause beyond a party’s
control. A Force Majeure event does not include an
act of negligence or intentional wrongdoing.
Forced Outage An Outage of a Generating Unit or a Transmission

facility due to a Fault or other reasons which has not
been planned, also it results from emergency
conditions directly associated with a component,
requiring that it be taken out of service immediately,
either automatically or as soon as switching
operations can be performed.
Forecast Data Those items of the Standard Planning Data and

Detailed Planning Data which will always be
forecast.
Frequency Control The retention of the frequency on the Transmission

System within acceptable limits.
Frequency Regulation The automatic adjustment of Active Power output by

a Generating Unit, initiated by free Speed Governor
System action in response to continuous minor
fluctuations of frequency on the Transmission
System.
Frequency Sensitive A Generating Unit operating mode which will result in

Mode Active Power output changing, in response to a
change in System frequency, in a direction which
assists in the recovery to target frequency.
Generating Station An installation comprising one or more Generating

Units (even where sited separately) owned and/or
controlled by the same Generator, which may
reasonably be considered as being managed as one
generating station.
Generating Unit An electrical generating unit coupled to a turbine

within a Generating Station together with all Plant
and Apparatus at that Station (up to the Connection
Point) which relates exclusively to the operation of
that generating unit.
Generating Unit/Station A daily or weekly statement of Generating Plant in

Schedules response to change in Availability

Generation The process of producing electric Energy from other

forms of energy; also, the amount of electric Energy
produced, usually expressed in kilo watt hours (kWh)
or mega watt hours (MWh).
Generation Planning The parameters involved in the planning of

Parameters Generation.
Generation Schedule A statement prepared and issued by the TSP

pursuant to Scheduling and Disptach Code on a
daily or more frequent basis setting out which
Generating Units will be required during the
Scheduled Day to meet demand, ensure
Transmission System integrity, and have available
sufficient Operating Reserve to satisfy any normal
and abnormal requirements.
Generator A legal entity licensed to engage in the production of

electricity through a Generating Unit or Generating
Station.
Generator Performance A diagram which shows the MW and Mvar capability

Chart limits within which a Generating Unit will be expected
to operate under steady state conditions.
Good Industry Practices Any of the practices, methods, and acts engaged in
or approved by a significant portion of the Electric
Utility Industry during the relevant time period which
could have been expected to accomplish the desired
results at a reasonable cost consistent with good
business practices, reliably, safely and with
expedition.
Government The Government of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Governor Deadband The total magnitude of the change in steady state

speed (expressed as a range of ± Hz) within which
there is no change in the position of the governing
valves of the Speed Governor System.
Governor Droop The percentage drop in the frequency of a

Generating Unit that occurs when its output is
increased from zero to its full load.
Grid The High Voltage and Extra High Voltage backbone

system consisting of interconnected transmission
lines, Substations, and related facilities for the
purpose of transporting of bulk Power and Energy.
Also termed as the Transmission System.
Grid Code The Saudi Arabian Grid Code.

Grid Code Supervisory The Committee constituted to supervise the

Committee (GCSC) functioning of the Grid Code and its modification, if
required.
Ground Fault Factor The ratio of the highest RMS phase-to-ground Power
frequency voltage on a sound phase, at a selected
location, during a Fault to Ground affecting one or
more phases, to the RMS phase-to-ground Power
frequency voltage that would be obtained at the
selected location with the Fault removed.
Grounding A conducting connection by which an electrical

circuit or Equipment is connected to earth or to some
conducting body of relatively large extent that serves
as ground.
Harmonics Electric current or voltage that alternates at a

frequency other than, and usually an integer multiple
of, the fundamental frequency.
High Voltage (HV) A voltage level exceeding 69 kV up to 230 kV.
House Load Operation The operation of a Generating Unit which is isolated

from the Grid and is providing power supply only to
the station load.
Implementing Party The party as defined in the Operating Code

responsible for implementing the Safety Precautions.
Incident (Notice) An unscheduled or unplanned occurrence on, or

relating to, a System including, Faults, Events and
breakdowns and adverse weather conditions being
experienced. (A notice regarding the above incident).
Indicative Generating A notice/indication issued by the TSP to Generator

Unit Synchronizing showing the Synchronization time of the Generating
Units.
Indicative Outage An Outage Program for the Generating Units

Program (for Generation prepared by the TSP pursuant to Outage Planning
Outages) section of Chapter 4: Operating Code, and covering
years 4 and 5 ahead of the current year.
Indicative Outage An Outage Program for the Transmission System

Program (for Outages prepared by the TSP pursuant to Outage
Transmission Outages) Planning section of Chapter 4: Operating Code, and
covering years 2 and 3 ahead of the current year.
Inflexible Planned A Planned Outage the start date and start time of
Outage which cannot be moved by TSP under Operating
Code.

Instrument Transformer A transformer that is intended to reproduce, in its

secondary circuit, a voltage or current proportional to
that of its primary circuit, with its phase relations
substantially preserved. These transformers are
utilized to provide indication for measuring, control,
or protective devices.
Interruptible Load A load which is available to be disconnected, either

manually or automatically, for restoration or control
of the Power System frequency by the TSP to cater
for contingency events or shortage of supply.
Interruption The loss of service to a User or a group of Users or

other facilities. An Interruption is the result of one or
more component Outages.
Isolation The complete electrical separation of a part or

component from the rest of the electrical system to
ensure Safety when that part or component is to be
maintained or when electric service is not required.
License Refers to a license granted or deemed to be granted

by the Electricity and Co-Generation Regulatory
Authority of Saudi Arabia.
Load Break Switch A switch that is capable of interrupting only normal

load currents.
Load Curtailment The Load Reduction obtained from Users who are
able and willing to curtail their usage of Power.
These loads are to be curtailed within one hour of
the instruction being issued by the TSP.
Load Reduction The condition in which a Scheduled Generating Unit,

Distribution Entity, or Directly-connected Customer
reduces electrical Power to the System to which it is
Synchronized/Connected.
Local Safety Instructions A set of instructions regarding the Safety

Precautions on HV or EHV Equipment to ensure the
Safety of personnel carrying out work or testing on
the Transmission System or the User System.
Low Voltage A voltage level not exceeding 1,000 volts.
Main Meter The Meter designated at a metering point to provide

measurements at a metering point.
Maintenance Program A set of schedules, which are coordinated by the

TSP, specifying planned maintenance for Equipment
in the Transmission System or in any User System.

Manual Load Dropping The process of manually and deliberately removing

pre-selected loads from the Transmission System, in
response to an abnormal condition, and in order to
maintain the integrity of the System.
Material Effect A condition that has resulted or is expected to result

in problems involving Power Quality, System
Reliability, System Loss, Safety, or Stability. Such
condition may require extensive work, modification,
or replacement of Equipment in the Transmission
System or the User System.
Maximum Demand The maximum hourly integrated Energy consumption

measured at the point of supply to a customer for a
particular year.
Meter A device for measuring or recording electrical Power,

Energy, and related quantities at a metering point.
Meter Certificate A certificate issued by the TSP certifying that the

Meters and Metering Equipment at the Metering
Point comply with the Metering Code requirements.
Meter Reconciliation A statement that provides comparison of the

Statement cumulative Energy recorded in the Meter register
with the total Energy derived from the Demand
values recorded remotely.
Metering Meters, time switches, Instrument Transformers,

Equipment/System/ metering Protection and Isolation Equipment,
Installation circuitry and their associated data storage and data
communications equipment and wiring which are
part of the Active Energy and Reactive Energy
measuring or recording scheme at or related to a
Site.
Metering Point The point of physical connection of the Meter to

measure/record the flow of electricity and related
quantities.
Minimum Demand The margin of Active Power to provide a sufficient

Regulation regulating margin for Frequency Control.
Minimum Generation The minimum output in MW which a Generating Unit

can generate, as registered with the TSP under the
Scheduling and Dispatch Code.
Minimum Stable Loading The minimum Demand that a Generating Unit can
safely maintain for an indefinite period of time.

Negative Minimum The margin of Active Power to provide a sufficient

Demand Regulation regulating margin for Frequency Control.
(NMDR)
Negative Primary Automatic decrease in Active Power output of a

Response Generating Unit in response to a System frequency
rise.
Net Declared Capability The maximum Active Power, expressed in whole

MW, and modified for ambient limitations, that a
Generating Unit can sustain less the auxiliary load,
as declared by the Generator in accordance with its
Operating Characteristics.
Net Dependable Power The Capacity of a Generating Unit as notified to the

Capacity TSP less the MW consumed by the Generating Unit
through the Generator Unit transformer (the resultant
expressed as a whole number of MW).
Nominations A notice by the Generator in respect of a Generation

Unit submitted to the TSP in accordance with the
requirements of Scheduling and Dispatch Code.
Notice Any formal intimation issued by the TSP to a User

relating to any provision of the Grid Code.
Notice to Synchronize The notice given by the TSP to a Generator requiring

a Generating Unit to Synchronize with the Grid.
Notification of A notice issues by the TSP to Generators and

Inadequate Operating Distribution Entities after 10:00 hours on any day
Margin (NIOM) pursuant to the provisions of the Scheduling and
Dispatch Code in anticipation of insufficient
Operating Margin in relation to the following
Scheduled Day.
Offer of Connection A quotation letter together with the unsigned

Connection Agreement which forms the TSP’s Offer
for Connection for the User Facility to the
Transmission System as the result of an application
for Connection of the Facility.
Operating The technical capabilities, flexibilities and limitations

Characteristics for the operation of a Generating Unit as registered
or declared in accordance with the provisions of the
Grid Code.
Operating Margin The margin of Generation over the total Demand

plus losses that is necessary for ensuring Quality of
supply and Security of the Grid. Operating Margin is
the sum of the Operating Reserve and the
Contingency Reserve.

Operating Reserve It is the additional MW output provided by

Generating Unit/Station, or reduction in Customer
Demand, which must be realizable in real time to
contain and correct any potential Transmission
System frequency deviation to an acceptable level.
Operation A scheduled or planned action relating to the

operation of a System.
Operation Diagram Diagrams which are a schematic representation of

the HV and/or EHV Apparatus and the connections
to all external circuits at a Connection Site,
incorporating proper identification and labeling.
Operational Data Data required under the Operating Code and/or

Scheduling and Dispatch Code.
Operational Date The date on which a User Connection is actually

Energized by the TSP.
Operational Effect Any effect on the operation of a System which

causes the Systems of the TSP or other Users to
operate differently to the way in which they would
have normally operated in the absence of that effect.
Operational Planning The Operational Planning forecast for the Generating

Phase Units Outages from 1 week to 5 years ahead of the
real- time operation.
Operational Tests Tests carried out by the TSP in order to maintain and
develop operational procedures, to train staff and to
acquire information in respect of Transmission
System behavior under abnormal System conditions,
and also tests carried out by other Users for similar
purposes in respect of their Plant and/or Apparatus.
Outage The state of a component or system when it is not

available to perform its intended function due to
some event directly associated with that component
or system. An Outage may or may not cause an
Interruption of service to Users.
Partial Shutdown The situation existing when all Generation has

ceased in part of the Power System and there is no
electricity supply from external interconnection or
any other part of the System.
Participant A legal entity registered with or licensed by the

Regulator in terms of the Electricity Law, as provider
or User of Transmission services.

Planned Outage An Outage of Equipment that is requested,

negotiated, scheduled and confirmed a minimum of
14(28 for Generators) days prior to the maintenance
or repairs taking place.
Plant Includes all Equipment (fixed or movable), other than

Apparatus, involved in the generating, transmitting,
distributing, and utilizing of electrical Energy.
Post Control Phase The period following real time operation.
Power Refer to Active Power
Power Factor The ratio of Active Power to Apparent Power.
Power Purchase (Supply) The agreement setting out the parameters and terms
Agreement and condition of purchase (supply) of Power from
(to) any source through legal contract.
Power System Any power system owned or operated by a

User/TSP consisting of Generating Units,
Transmission System/ Distribution Systems, or any
other electric lines, Plant and Apparatus.
Power System A control device placed on a Generating Unit and

Stabilizers (PSS) used in conjunction with an AVR to provide
additional control of oscillations.
Preliminary Project The data relating to a proposed User Development

Planning Data at the time the User applies for a Connection
Agreement or an Amended Connection Agreement.
Primary Frequency The automatic increase (decrease) in Active Power

Control in response to a System frequency fall (rise).
Primary Response The automatic response of a Generating Unit to

frequency changes, released increasingly from zero
to five seconds from the time of frequency change,
and which is fully available for the next 5 seconds.
Primary Response Test A test to verify that the Primary Response of a

Generating Unit in MW/Hz is within ± five (5) percent
of the required level of response within five (5)
seconds.
Programming Phase The period between Operational Planning Phase and

the Control Phase. It starts 8 weeks ahead of real
time and finishes with the issue of the Generation
Schedule for the day ahead.

Project Planning Data The data that the TSP will require from Users
applying for a new, or modification of an existing,
Connection. Project Planning Data will be further
classified into Preliminary Project Planning Data,
Committed Project Planning Data, or Registered
Project Planning Data.
Protection (Scheme or The means (scheme or system) including the

System) Apparatus used to detect, limit, and remove Faults
from the Power System.
Provisional Outage Forecast Outage Program for the Generating

Program (for Generation Units/Station prepared by TSP for the calendar year
Outages) 2 and 3.
Provisional Outage Forecast Outage Program for the Transmission

Program (for System Outages prepared by TSP for the calendar
Transmission Outages) year 1.
Quality (of With respect to electricity, technical attributes to a

supply/service) standard referred to in the Grid Code.
Ramp Rate The rate, expressed in megawatts per minute, at

which a Generating Unit can increase or decrease
its Power output.
Reactive Energy The integral of the Reactive Power with respect to

time, measured in varh or multiples thereof.
Reactive Power The product of voltage and current and the sine of
the phase angle between them measured in units of
volt-amperes reactive (var) and multiples thereof.
Reactive Power Support The production or absorption of Reactive Power from

Generators to maintain Transmission System voltage
within the specified limits.
Readiness to Connect A statement by a User, whose development is under

construction in accordance with a Connection
Agreement and who wishes to establish Connection
with the Transmission System, made to the TSP in
writing, stating readiness to connect and supplying
all the requisite information and documentation that
the TSP may need as per the Connection
Agreement.
Red Alert An alert issued by the TSP when the Contingency

Reserve is zero, a Generation deficiency exists, or
there is a Critical Loading or imminent overloading of
Transmission lines or Equipment.

Registered Capacity The Capacity registered with the TSP as a Standard

Planning or Detailed Planning Data requirement.
Registered Data Those items of Standard Planning Data and Detailed

Planning Data which upon connection become fixed.
Registered Fuel The fuel(s) registered under the Planning Code of

the Grid Code.
Registered Operating The values of a Generating Unit’s Operating

Characteristics Characteristics for operation of the Generating Unit
registered with the TSP pursuant to the Grid Code.
Registered Project The data submitted by a User to the TSP at the time
Planning Data of Connection of the User System to the Grid.
Regulator The Electricity and Co-Generation Regulatory

Authority of Saudi Arabia.
Regulatory Guidelines Guidelines issued by the Electricity and Co-

Generation Regulatory Authority of Saudi Arabia.
Reliability The degree of performance of the System that

results in electricity being delivered to customers
within accepted standards and in the amount
desired. Reliability can be addressed by considering
two basic and functional aspects of the System:
Adequacy and Security.
Requesting Party The party as defined in the Operating Code that

requests Safety Precaution.
Responsible Engineer A person nominated by a User to be responsible for

System control for its System.
Responsible Manager A manager who has been duly authorized by a User

or the TSP to sign Site Responsibility Schedules on
behalf of that User or the TSP.
Safety Safety from the hazards arising from the live

Equipment, Plant, or other facilities of the
Transmission System (or User System).
Safety Precautions Refers to the Isolation and Grounding of HV or EHV

Equipment when work or testing is to be done on, or
in close proximity to, the Transmission System or
User System at the Connection Point.

Safety Representative A person designated and authorized by the User or

the TSP to be responsible for the coordination of
Safety Precautions at the Connection Point for their
respective sides when work or testing is to be carried
out on a System which requires the provision of
Safety Precautions for HV or EHV Equipment.
Safety Rules The rules that seek to safeguard personnel working

on the Grid (or User System) from the hazards
arising from the Equipment or the Transmission
System (or User System).
Schedule Day The period from 0600 hours in the Schedule Day
until 0600 hours on the next following Day.
Scheduling (Process) A process to determine which Unit or Equipment will

be in operation and at what loading level.
Scheduling and Dispatch The parameter(s) listed in the Scheduling and

Parameter(s) Dispatch Code under the heading Scheduling
Parameters relating to Generating Units/Station.
Secondary Frequency The automatic response to frequency which is fully

Control available 30 seconds from the time of frequency
change to take over from the Primary Response, and
which is sustainable for at least 30 minutes.
Secondary Response Same as Secondary Frequency Control.
Secondary Operating It is the additional MW output (and/or reduction in

Reserve Demand) required compared to the pre-Incident
output (or Demand), which is fully available and
sustainable over the period from 15 to 90 seconds
following an Event.
Security The ability of the Grid to withstand sudden

disturbances such as electric short circuits or
unanticipated loss of system elements.
Short Term Planned Maintenance plan requested by the Generator at any

Maintenance time in year 0, by giving not less than 7 days notice
before earliest start date.
Shutdown The condition of the Equipment when it is De-

energized or Disconnected from the System.
Significant Incident An Event on the Transmission System, a Distribution

System, or the System of any User that has a
serious or widespread effect on the Grid, the
Distribution System, and/or the User System.

Significant Incident A report prepared after the occurrence of a

Report Significant Incident pursuant to section 4.5,
Operational Liaison, of Chapter 4: Operating Code.
Single Line Diagram Diagram which is a schematic representation of the

HV/EHV Apparatus and the connections to all
external circuits at a Connection Point incorporating
its numbering, nomenclature, and labeling.
Site Refers to a Substation or switchyard in the Grid or

the User System where the Connection Point is
situated.
Site Responsibility A schedule containing the information and prepared

Schedule on the basis of the provisions set out in the
Connection Code.
Special Action(s) The action(s), as defined in Chapter 5: Scheduling

and Dispatch Code, that the TSP may require a
Generator, Distribution Entity, or Directly-connected
Customer to take in order to maintain the integrity of
the Grid.
Speed Governor System A system which will result in Active Power output of a
Generating Unit changing, in response to a change
in System frequency, in a direction which assists in
the recovery to target frequency.
Stability The ability of the dynamic components of the Power

System to return to a normal or stable operating
point after being subjected to some form of change
or disturbance.
Standard Planning Data The general data required by the TSP from Users as
part of the application for a Connection Agreement or
amended Connection Agreement on a regular basis.
Start-up The process of bringing a Generating Unit from

Shutdown to synchronous speed.
Substation A site at which switching and/or transformation

Equipment is installed.
Supervisory Control and A system of remote control and telemetry used to

Data Acquisition monitor and control a Power System.
(SCADA)

Synchronize The process of connecting Generating Units and/or

interconnected AC Systems when they operate at
the same frequency and where the phase angle
displacements between their voltages vary about a
stable operating point. The term synchronized,
synchronizing, and the like shall be construed
accordingly.
System Refers to the Grid or Transmission System.
System Constraint A limitation on the use of a System due to lack of

Transmission Capacity or other System conditions.
System Emergency A Partial Shutdown or Total Shutdown or any other

Conditions physical or operational condition and/or occurrence
on the System which, in TSP’s opinion, is (i)
imminently likely to endanger or is endangering life
or property; or (ii) is imminently likely to impair or is
impairing: (a) TSP's ability to discharge any
statutory, regulatory or other legal obligation and/or
(b) the Safety and/or Reliability of the System.
System Protection A measure of the ability of the Protection to initiate

Dependability Index successful tripping of circuit-breakers associated
with a faulty item of Apparatus. It can be calculated
using the following expression:
System Protection Dependability Index = 1 –

(Number of Faults when Protection failed to trip/Total
number of Faults)
System Restoration The process by TSP to achieve restoration of supply,

as safely and as quickly as possible, after the
occurrence of Partial or Total Shutdown of the
System.
System Restoration Plan A plan prepared and maintained by the TSP

pursuant to emergency control and System
Restoration setting out guidelines assisting those
involved in System Restoration to achieve System
Restoration as safely and as quickly as possible.
System Services Services supplied to the TSP by Generators,

Distribution Entities, or Directly-connected
Customers, necessary for the reliable and secure
transport of Power from Generators to Distribution
Entities and other Directly-connected Customers.
Technical Completion Shall have the meaning as defined in the relevant

Certificate Connection Agreement of a User with the TSP.

Tertiary Operating The additional MW output which is fully available and

Reserve sustainable over 90 seconds up to 30 minutes after
initiation of a frequency change Event on the Grid.
Test Coordinator The coordinator appointed by the TSP pursuant to

the provisions of the Operating Code.
Test Group A group of persons who is designated by the TSP to

perform or conduct the required Operational Test.
Test or Testing Test or testing carried out by the TSP in respect of a

User’s Equipment, Apparatus, or facilities.
Test Procedure A procedure that specifies the switching sequence

and proposed timing of the switching sequence,
including other activities deemed necessary and
appropriate by the Operational Test Group in
carrying out the Operational Test.
Test Program A program to carry out test(s) or testing on the

System.
Test Proponent Refers to the TSP or the User who plans to

undertake an Operational Test and who initiates an
Operational Test Request.
Test Request A request by the TSP or a User to undertake an

Operational Test.
Total Harmonic The ratio of the root-mean-square value of the

Distortion Harmonic content to the root-mean-square value of
the fundamental quantity, expressed in percent.
Total Shutdown The situation existing when all Generation has

ceased and there is no electricity and, therefore, the
Total System has Shutdown with the result that it is
not possible for the Total System to begin to function
again without TSP's directions relating to a Black
Start.
Transmission Service The legal entity (Transmission Business Unit of the

Provider (TSP) Saudi Electricity Company) that is licensed to own
and maintain a network on the Transmission System
(or has such right by virtue of its historic existence
for this purpose).

Transmission System The Transmission System consists of all lines and

Substation Equipment where the nominal voltage is ≥
110 kV.
The Transmission system consists of:
• The Transmission System
• Assets Connected to the Transmission System
and belonging to the TSP.
• Generating Stations and networks linking such
Power Stations to the Transmission System
• The control area for which the TSP is responsible.
The Transmission System definition is not linked to
specific assets, but includes those components of
the electrical network that have a measurable
influence, at Transmission level, on each other as
they are operating as one Power System. Also, has
the same meaning as Grid.
Transmission System When Transmission System interrupts due to any

Outage. reason.
Under Frequency Relay An electrical relay that operates when the System
frequency decreases to a preset value.
Unplanned Outage Has the meaning as defined in section 4.3 of the

Operating Code.
Use of System An agreement between the TSP and a User setting

Agreement out the terms and conditions relating to the use of
the Transmission System.
User A person or entity that uses the Grid and its related
facilities. Also, a person or entity to which the Grid
Code applies. Includes prospective Users as well.
User Development Means eitherUser's Plant and/or Apparatus to be

connected to the Transmission System, or a
modification relating to a User's Plant and/or
Apparatus already connected to the Transmission
System, or a proposed new Connection or
modification to the existing Connection.
Voltage Control The strategy used by the TSP, Distribution Entity,

Generator, or User to maintain the voltage of the
Grid, Distribution System, or the User System within
the limits prescribed in the Grid Code.
Voltage Transformer (VT) Device that reduces system voltage down to

proportional values of 120 volts or less for use by a
Protection System or Meter.

Voluntary Load The agreed self-reduction of Demand by identified

Curtailment Users to assist in Frequency Control when
Generation deficiency exists.

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The Saudi Arabian Grid Code

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Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) i

CHRONOLOGY OF SAUDI ARABIAN GRID CODE REVISIONS...................i

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...........................................................................xi

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL CONDITIONS.......................................................1

1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................... 1

1.4 Grid Code Implementation and Enforcement...................................................... 2

1.5 Settlement of Disputes .......................................................................................... 2

1.6 Unforeseen Circumstances................................................................................... 2

1.7 Suspension of Grid Code Provisions................................................................... 3

1.8 Illegality and Partial Invalidity............................................................................... 3

1.9 Force Majeure ......................................................................................................... 3

1.10 The Grid Code Supervisory Committee (GCSC) ................................................. 3

1.11 Grid Code Amendment or Derogation Process .................................................. 5

1.12 Communication between the TSP and Users...................................................... 7

1.13 Data, Notices, and Confidentiality ........................................................................ 8

1.14 Ownership of Plant and/or Apparatus.................................................................. 9

1.15 System Control....................................................................................................... 9

1.16 Code Interpretation ................................................................................................ 9

Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) ii

CHAPTER 2 CONNECTION CODE ..........................................................11

2.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 11

2.3 Grid Connection Procedure ................................................................................ 11

2.4 Transmission System Performance ................................................................... 17

2.5 Plant and Apparatus at Connection Points ....................................................... 20

2.6 System Services................................................................................................... 28

2.7 Site Related Conditions....................................................................................... 29

APPENDIX A2.1: Preparation of Site Responsibility Schedules ...................................... 36

CHAPTER 3 PLANNING CODE................................................................40

3.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 40

3.3 Grid Planning........................................................................................................ 40

Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) iii

3.3.1 Grid Planning Responsibility 40

APPENDIX A3.1: Standard Planning Data........................................................................... 46

Appendix A3.2: Detailed Planning Data .............................................................................. 52

CHAPTER 4 OPERATING CODE .............................................................57

4.2 Operational Demand Forecasts .......................................................................... 58

4.3 Outage Planning................................................................................................... 63

4.4 System Services................................................................................................... 76

4.5 Operational Liaison.............................................................................................. 89

4.6 Operational Communication between the TSP and Users............................... 91

Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) iv

4.6.5 Conditions of Monitoring and Recording Equipment 93

4.7 Contingency Planning ......................................................................................... 95

4.8 Operational Testing ........................................................................................... 100

4.9 Testing to Monitor, Investigate, and Verify Performance .............................. 104

4.10 Cross-boundary Safety Assurance .................................................................. 109

CHAPTER 5 SCHEDULING AND DISPATCH CODE.............................116

5.2 Objective ............................................................................................................. 116

5.3 Generation Scheduling...................................................................................... 116

5.4 Generation Dispatch .......................................................................................... 124

Issue, 01; Revision, 00 (May 2007) v

5.4.3 Generation Synchronizing and Desynchronizing Times 125

APPENDIX A5.1: Generating Block/Unit Declaration....................................................... 133

CHAPTER 6 DATA AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE CODE ..............134

6.2 Objective ............................................................................................................. 134

6.3 Data and Information Categories and Registration ........................................ 135

6.4 Procedure and Obligations ............................................................................... 135