Networking 1st Sem Lessons

IT 214 - NETWORKING 1
Unit 1 Topic 1. Definition of Networking and its significance to the industry
Computer Networking is referred as connecting computers electronically for the

purpose of sharing information. Resources such as files, applications, printers and
software are common information shared in a networking. The advantage of networking
can be seen clearly in terms of security, efficiency, manageability and cost effectiveness
as it allows collaboration between users in a wide range.
Basically, network consists of hardware component such as computer, hubs,
switches, routers and other devices which form the network infrastructure. These are the
devices that play an important role in data transfer from one place to another using
different technology such as radio waves and wires.
What is a Computer Network?
o Computer Network is a group of computers connected with each other through
wires, optical fibres or optical links so that various devices can interact with each
other through a network. o The aim of the computer network is the sharing of
resources among various devices. o In the case of computer network technology,
there are several types of networks that vary from simple to complex level.
Components Of Computer Network:
Major components of a computer network are: NIC(Network

Interface Card)
NIC is a device that helps the computer to communicate with another device. The
network interface card contains the hardware addresses, the data-link layer protocol use
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this address to identify the system on the network so that it transfers the data to the
correct destination.
There are two types of NIC: wireless NIC and wired NIC.
o Wireless NIC: All the modern laptops use the wireless NIC. In Wireless NIC, a
connection is made using the antenna that employs the radio wave technology. o
Wired NIC: Cables use the wired NIC to transfer the data over the medium.
Hub
Hub is a central device that splits the network connection into multiple devices. When
computer requests for information from a computer, it sends the request to the Hub.
Hub distributes this request to all the interconnected computers.
Switches
Switch is a networking device that groups all the devices over the network to transfer the
data to another device. A switch is better than Hub as it does not broadcast the
message over the network, i.e., it sends the message to the device for which it belongs
to. Therefore, we can say that switch sends the message directly from source to the
destination.
Cables and connectors
Cable is a transmission media that transmits the communication signals. There are
three types of cables:
o Twisted pair cable: It is a high-speed cable that transmits the data over 1Gbps
or more.
o Coaxial cable: Coaxial cable resembles like a TV installation cable. Coaxial

cable is more expensive than twisted pair cable, but it provides the high data
transmission speed.

o Fiber optic cable: Fiber optic cable is a high-speed cable that transmits the data
using light beams. It provides high data transmission speed as compared to other
cables. It is more expensive as compared to other cables, so it is installed at the
government level.
Router
Router is a device that connects the LAN to the internet. The router is mainly used to
connect the distinct networks or connect the internet to multiple computers.
Modem
Modem connects the computer to the internet over the existing telephone line. A modem
is not integrated with the computer motherboard. A modem is a separate part on the PC
slot found on the motherboard.
Significance of computer networking

Setting up a computer network is a fast and reliable way of sharing information and
resources within a business. It can help you make the most of your IT systems and
equipment.
There are several reasons why networking is essential to a business, institution or
individual. These benefits include:
1. File sharing – you can easily share data between different users, or access it
remotely if you keep it on other connected devices.
2. Resource sharing – using network-connected peripheral devices like printers,
scanners and copiers, or sharing software between multiple users, saves money.
3. Sharing a single internet connection – it is cost-efficient and can help protect
your systems if you properly secure the network.
4. Increasing storage capacity – you can access files and multimedia, such as
images and music, which you store remotely on other machines or
networkattached storage devices.

5. Cut back on costs

Why are networks important? You can cut back on costs and allow for efficient
use of resources. Hardware is the priciest resource in technology. Computer networks
reduce your hardware costs significantly.
Since the computers are interconnected, resource pooling is efficient. Printers, copiers
and backup storages are shared among employees. This eliminates the need to buy
single IT assets for each employee. Unlike traditional desktops, you don’t need frequent
software installations. You only need to install updates and track performance.
6. Boost storage capacity and volume
Computer networks pools their entire data to a central data storage server. This
data is accessible to your employees. You can use the data to gain insights on how to
boost your company’s productivity. With a central server, you lower the number of
storage servers needed. And you increase the efficiency of operations.
7. Optimize convenience and flexibility
Computer networks enable flexible operations. The data is not stored in a local
server making it accessible with internet connectivity. You can access your data from
any device. This enhances free movement while accessing your data wherever you may
be.
8. Streamline communication
Computer networking is a massive boon to the communication landscape.
Networking allows you to send and receive text messages and files in real time.
Information is available and easy to access from any device. You only need a reliable
internet connection. Even if your device shuts down, you log in from a different device
and access your data.
Networking computers can also help you improve communication, so that:
• staff, suppliers and customers can share information and get in touch more easily
• your business can become more efficient - eg networked access to a common
database can avoid the same data being keyed multiple times, saving time and
preventing errors
• staff can deal with queries and deliver a better standard of service as a result of
sharing customer data

Cost benefits of computer networking

Storing information in one centralized database can also help you reduce costs and
drive efficiency. For example:
• staff can deal with more customers in less time since they have shared access to
customer and product databases
• you can centralize network administration, meaning less IT support is required
• you can cut costs through sharing of peripherals and internet access
You can reduce errors and improve consistency by having all staff work from a single
source of information. This way, you can make standard versions of manuals and
directories available to them, and back up data from a single point on a scheduled
basis, ensuring consistency.
Drawbacks of computer networking

Despite their many advantages, computer networks present a fair share of
setbacks of concern to your business. These include:
1. Unsecured network
Data servers expose your information to man-in-the-middle attacks and viruses.
Employees can download and exchange corrupt files which expose your server to
viruses and malware. Shared resources open doors of opportunities for security
breaches. Hackers can easily snoop on your data.
2. Cost prohibitive
Installing standard networking hardware can set you back by thousands of
dollars. Small equipment such as modern routers is expensive. The networks also need
regular monitoring and maintenance. You will have to consult the services of a
professional.
3. Low productivity
Computer networks are flexible, but employee productivity is a concern. The
internet presents a minefield of distractions. Employees may engage in unsolicited file
sharing or instant messaging during work hours. Even though most companies have
drafted work regulations, policing employees is an uphill battle.

Bottom line
Quality technological solutions are a significant determinant of the success of any
business. Computer networks are essential technology solutions for your business.
Computer networking offers immense technological solutions to businesses and
institutions in various formats. Networking pros include inexpensive setups and
maximum utilization of available resources. You get to streamline communications
within and outside your organization.
“To win in the marketplace, you must first win in the workplace”- Doug Conant.
References: https://www.javatpoint.com/computer-network-introduction
https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/benefits -computer-networks
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323511648_INTRODUCTION_TO_NETWOR
KING#
http://www.digitaldividecouncil.com/why-is-computer-networking-important/

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IT 214 - NETWORKING 1

Unit 1 Topic 1. Definition of Networking and its significance to the industry

Computer Networking is referred as connecting computers electronically for the

Components Of Computer Network:

Major components of a computer network are: NIC(Network

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Cables and connectors

o Coaxial cable: Coaxial cable resembles like a TV installation cable. Coaxial

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Significance of computer networking

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5. Cut back on costs

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Cost benefits of computer networking

Drawbacks of computer networking

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