Seminar 2. Specific of English Phonetics and Phonology Матійко Оксани Поб-1-20-2.0д 1.Answer the questions

Seminar 2.
Specific of English Phonetics and Phonology

Матійко Оксани Поб-1-20-2.0д
1.Answer the questions:
1. What is the object of phonetics as a science?
Phonetics is the branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds,
or in the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign.
2. In what way is theoretical phonetics connected with other branches of linguistic

knowledge?
Phonetics also studies the relation between written and spoken language and is connected
with other linguistic disciplines such as grammar, lexicology, stylistics and others.
3. What linguistic material is studied by historical phonetics of the English language?
Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds, or
in the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign.
4. What are the examples of phonetic linguistic universals of general phonetics?
What's universal in phonetics?

 Dorsal stops (almost always) have longer VOT (voice onset time) than coronal or
labial stops. ...
 All languages have utterance-final lengthening. ...
 Languages optimize the distance between vowels in articulation/acoustics. ...
 Intrinsic F0 of high vowels.
 Voiced stops are shorter in duration than voiceless stops
 Not a universal - word-initial strengthening
 Not a universal - native listeners of a tone language are better at pitch perception than
native listeners of non-tonal languages
5. What are the functions of active and passive organs of speech?
Those organs of speech, which can move and take an active part in the articulation of speech
sounds, are called active organs of speech. Those organs of speech, with which an active
organ forms an obstruction and which thus serve as points of articulation, are called passive
organs of speech.
6. Is human speech the result of a highly complicated series of events?
Speech production is a complex activity, and as a consequence errors are common,

especially in children. Speech errors come in many forms and are used to provide evidence
to support hypotheses about the nature of speech.
7. What is the practical application of phonetics?
The most obvious of the practical applications of phonetics is to the acquisition of a correct
pronunciation of foreign languages.
8. What great British and American phoneticians are known to you?

In English they generally distinguish three degrees of stress: primary (strong, main,
principal), secondary (half-strong, half-stressed) and weak (unstressed).
American phoneticians distinguish four contrastive degrees of word stress: primary,

secondary, tertiary and weak. Tertiary stress does not show much difference from secondary
stress, but it has a different placement in a word. It is generally associated with American
English, where it marks the last but one syllable in the words with suffixes -ary, -ory, -ony
(ˏrevo'lutioˏnary, 'dictioˏnary).
9. What outstanding names in the field of phonetics are known in this country?
Outstanding names in the field of phonetics of Great Britain are Ladefoged Peter,
Jane Setter.
What technical devices are used to teach students pronunciation of foreign languages
2. Assignments:
I. Give a brief outline of the history of the development of theoretical phonetics as a

branch of linguistic knowledge.
Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds, or
in the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign.
II. Comment on the process of phonation making use of schematic presentation of

speech apparatus.
Speech sounds are generated when the vocal tract, the air passage from the glottis to the lips
is excited.
III. Make use of the following linguistic terms in sentences of your own:
Linguistic universals, organic basis, speech tract, active and passive organs of speech,
orthoepic, transcription, phonetic school.
IV. Finish the following sentences:
1. Phonetics is inseparable from … pronunciation.
2. Descriptive phonetics deals with …

Descriptive phonetics studies the phonetic system in a stative form at a particular
period of time, studies the phonetic system synchronically.
3. Theoretical phonetics has the following branches …
articulatory, acoustic, auditory, functional /phonological. Each branch of Theoretical

Phonetics investigates the appropriate aspect of speech sounds.
4. Practical application of phonetics is to …
The most obvious of the practical applications of phonetics is to the acquisition of a correct
pronunciation of foreign languages.
5. Distinction between theoretical and practical phonetics is …
Practical phonetics studies the material form of phonetic phenomena in relation to meaning.

Theoretical phonetics is mainly concerned with the functioning of phonetic units in the
language.

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Seminar 2.

Specific of English Phonetics and Phonology

1. What is the object of phonetics as a science?

2. In what way is theoretical phonetics connected with other branches of linguistic

3. What linguistic material is studied by historical phonetics of the English language?

4. What are the examples of phonetic linguistic universals of general phonetics?

What's universal in phonetics?

5. What are the functions of active and passive organs of speech?

6. Is human speech the result of a highly complicated series of events?

Speech production is a complex activity, and as a consequence errors are common,

8. What great British and American phoneticians are known to you?

American phoneticians distinguish four contrastive degrees of word stress: primary,

I. Give a brief outline of the history of the development of theoretical phonetics as a

II. Comment on the process of phonation making use of schematic presentation of

III. Make use of the following linguistic terms in sentences of your own:

IV. Finish the following sentences:

1. Phonetics is inseparable from … pronunciation.

2. Descriptive phonetics deals with …

3. Theoretical phonetics has the following branches …

articulatory, acoustic, auditory, functional /phonological. Each branch of Theoretical

4. Practical application of phonetics is to …

5. Distinction between theoretical and practical phonetics is …

Practical phonetics studies the material form of phonetic phenomena in relation to meaning.

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