The Youth Is The Hope of Our Future.: Lesson 1: Republic Act 1425

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The youth is the hope of our future.

-Dr. Jose Rizal

LESSON 1: REPUBLIC ACT 1425

Introduction
 Cemented in history as potent symbol of the nation, Rizal’s heroism was sponsored by the nation
through RA 1425 (Rizal Law) of June, 1956, with the younger generations, the “Millennials,” receiving
much importance.

Role of “Millennial’s” In studying history, it is necessary to find the


 MEANING (significance)
 FUNCTION (application) behind an
 OBJECT (Facts, details, descriptive information like names, places, dates etc.)

The function of law


 Policy Makers – made sure that the words of Rizal will be materialized through state sponsored education of
his life, works, and writings.

The birth of Rizal Law On April 3, 1956, Senate Bill No. 438
(An act to make Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo compulsory reading matter in all public and private colleges
and universities and for other purposes)

Senator Jose P. Laurel


March 9, 1891-November 6, 1959

The chairman of the committee

 Debate for the bill in aid of legislation ensued next, albeit not smooth sailing. Opponents,
mostly rabid Catholic senators, contended that the proposed bill was too controversial.

Their arguments were as follows:


1. The bill was an attempt to discredit the Catholic Religion.
2. Inimical to tenets of the faith to which 170 lines in Noli Me Tangere and 50 lines In El Filibusterismo were offensive to
the Church doctrine.
3. The bill might divide the nation.
4. Compulsion to read something against one’s faith impaired freedom of speech and religious freedom.

Senator Francisco “SOC” Rodrigo


“A vast majority of our people are the same time Catholics and Filipino citizens. As such, they have two great loves: their
country and their faith. These two loves are not conflicting loved. They are harmonious affections, like the love of a child for his
father and for his mother. This is the basis of my stand. Let us not create a conflict between nationalism and religion; the
government and the church.” (Laurel, Jr. 132)

Senator Claro M. Recto


- He aimed at inculcating civic consciousness in the Filipinos, national dignity, personal pride and patriotism.
 Meanwhile, a similar bill (House Bill no. 5561) was filed by Congressman Jacobo Z. Gonzales in the House
of Representatives.
 May 12, 1956, Senate Bill NO. 438 was unanimously approved on second reading. Lower House imitated the
Senate and on May 14, 1956, the bill was approved unanimously in the House of Representatives.
 The trial of the Rizal Law in Congress (Senate and House of Representatives) is clearly a triumph of
democracy.
 On one hand, the role of the opponents should not be overlooked because their Dissenting opinions
broadened the scope of Democratic processes.
 On the other hand, the proponents had perfected bill because of the Criticism they received.
 On June 12, 1956, President Ramon Magsaysay signed the bill to make it law, thus giving birth to Republic
Act 1425 also known as the Rizal Law.

Republic Act 1425


AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULLA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND
UNIVERISTIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS
NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION THEREOF,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

LESSON 2: CONCEPT OF HERO

CONCEPT OF HERO IN FILIPINO CULTURE AND HISTORY

HERO
 Is normally defined here as an illustrious man, often of divine and descent, or with distinguished valor or enterprise in
danger, and fortitude in suffering, who is supposed to be exalted after death.

Synonym of hero in Microsoft Word is “SUPERMAN”


 We have terms like BAYANI, BAGANI, and MAGANI, OR WANI in various Filipino ethno-linguistics groups, a hero
in early Philippine Societies was just a normal warrior of the community.

PANGANGAYAW- raiding into unallied territory is an example of this.

William Henry Scott


- According to him PANGANGAYAW was done because of four reasons, namely:
1. To secure resources, ranging from the occasional use goods or bounty to human slaves;
2. To avenge a personal affront or family honor;
3. To fulfill mourning requirements to which the life of enemies must be sacrificed;
4. For personal prominence or mercenary reward.

 The root word of BAYANI is BAYAN (community/town/nation)


 When a pangangayaw is done, the group bayani returns home

Zeus Salazar
 According to him bayani is a person who leaves his/her own town and then returns.

TATTOO
 Used as protection kaluluwa (soul) of a bayani,
 kris/kampilan (weapon)
 Putong (head gear)

THE BOXER CODEX (1590)


 An ancient document about the early Philippines Societies, defines a Bayani as a person with a high
status and dignity.

Pedro Serrano Laktaw, in his dictionary, elaborates the,


PERSONALITY OF A BAYANI:

1. Fears no one
2. Courageous
3. Firm
4. Bold
5. But quiet
6. And calm

Nevertheless, changes occurred when the Spaniards conquered the Philippines.

Instead of living role models, the Spaniards had introduced the image of obedience of saints and disciples whom the Filipinos had
to imitate in order to become good colonials.

 Worshipping of American soldiers who died during Philippine-American War like:

Gen. Henry W.
Lawton Col.
John M. Stoltenberg
Col. Harry Egbert
Filipino Heroes were also venerated during the period.

Jose Rizal, who was executed by the Spaniards, became the leading national hero.

Decree of December 20, 1898


Emilio Aguinaldo declared December 30 of every year a day of national mourning in honor of Dr. Jose Rizal and other victim of
the Philippine Revolution

NAMAYANI
 Meaning to prevail or triumph, has become well-known.

RIZAL AS A FILIPINO HERO

Jose Rizal as a Filipino hero state- sponsored through Republic Act 1425

His heroism, however, is not a post-World War II phenomenon.

2 Years- the commemoration was held on December 30, 1898 when the President of the first Republic Of the Philippines, Emilio
Aguinaldo, declared in Malolos, Bulacan, a day of National Mourning.

9 NATIONAL HERO
 Jose Rizal
 Andres Bonifacio
 Emilio Aguinaldo
 Apolinario Mabini
 Marcelo H. del Pilar
 Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat
 Juan Luna
 Melchora Aquino
 Gabriela Silang

LESSON 3: RIZAL AS SYMBOL

Jose Rizal left a dying wish to his family

According to him, he should be buried in the earth, preferably in Paang bundok (now North Cemetery) with a stone and a cross
on top. His name, date of birth, and death must also be indicated. If possible, he requested for fence that would mark his grave.
Then he stressed that no anniversary celebration must be conducted.

Nothing has been achieved in his last will.

“TWO RIZALS”
First, the Historic Rizal who lived and died in the 19th century Philippines

Second, is the symbolic Rizal


RIZAL as TEXT, SIGNS, and SYMBOL
 A text is anything that can be read, interpreted, and analyzed.

TWO TYPES OF TEXT

SIGN

 It is a kind of text which represents a fixed reality and posits itself as a means of portraying that reality.

SYMBOL

 It conveys meaning not only about itself but about cultural processes and relationships; meaning
therefore that is not constant but constituted through a human agency.

LESSON 4:
RIZAL AND NATION- BUILDING

TO READ
TO THINK
TO WRITE
-Gemino Abad

Rizal wrote a poem containing his farewell message before his execution
“There is something inside it” he said in English to prevent any suspicion from the authority.

Mi Ultimo Adios

Masayang sa iyo’y aking idudulot

And lanta kong buhay na lubhang malungkot;

Maging marangal man at labis ang alindog

Sa kagalingan mo ay akin ding handog.


Sa pakikidigma at pamimiyapis

Ang alay ng iba’y ang buhay na kipkip,

Walang agam-agam, lauwag sa dibdib

Matamis sa puso at di ikakahapis

History should be nature to all Filipinos.

Rizal’s Life, works and writing must be well entrenched in every Filipino soul

Lesson about his life, like his education, lovers past time, etc. are all useless if not applied in real life.

CHAPTER TWO: RIZAL’S LIFE

LESSON FIVE:
19TH CENTURY PHILIPPINES
Economic and Political Situation of the Philippines
 Some historians refer to the 19th century as a long in Philippine history because of the numerous changes that happened
during this period.
 In terms of political and economic changes, the brief occupation of Manila by British forces in the 1762- 1764 and the
rapid development of economies in Europe.
 Spanish administrators in the colony rethink their policies
 Some of the more notable reforms were the abolition of the Galleon trade and the opening of the Philippines to world
trade in 1830.
 Economic activities in the country
 The entry of firms from the European states
 The entry of foreign ideas mostly through the form of books and other printed media during that time.

Rizal was able to read Various European Literatures like:

- The count of Monte Cristo


- The Three Musketeers
 The end of Spain’s wars with the Dutch and the British, as well as the nullification of the slave raiding activities of the
Moro, also led to the development of agricultural lands and the discovery of new frontiers in the Philippines.
 The creation of Principalias and Mestizo benefited from these changes thus the consequent emergence of local elite.
 These development however did not help in bridging the gap between the local elites and the poor and marginalized
sectors in the country.
 This gap led to different revolts such as Basi Revolts (Pedro Mateo and Saralogo Ambaristo) in Ilocos Sur and Ilocos
Norte during the early 19th Century.

Cadiz Constitution in 1812


- This implementation also provided a brief legal justification for the quest for equality since it was stated in the
document that all citizens of Spain, including those in the colonies, were equal under the law. But the truth was :

“NO EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW”

 In southern Tagalog areas, brigandage and tulisanes increased their robbing, kidnapping, and pillaging activities,
prompting the government to create the GUARDIA CIVIL IN 1868
 Some movements such as Cofradia de San Jose in Tayabas, Quezon.

Education and the Rise of the Ilustrados


 But through all these reforms, perhaps the most notable was the increase of educated Pilipino as the colonial
government, under activities from Spain, also started to reform educational institutions in the Philippines.
 Pilipino and Chinese- Mestizo elite families who were able to capitalize on the opening of the Philippine market to the
world sent their children to school to take professional courses not only in the Philippines but also in Europe.
 Traveling to Europe during that time was also made easier with the opening of the Suez Canal in 1859
 With their education and exposure outside the country, these individuals, who later on were referred to as Ilustrados,
eventually formed the core of a new emerging movement that asked the colonial government for much needed reforms
in the Philippines.
 *This was also supplemented by the liberal policies applied by liberal administrations of Spain in the Philippines such
as the Cadiz Constitution in 1812.
 This movement also drew inspiration from the earlier efforts of the native secular priests such as Padre Jose Burgos
who fought for equal rights among the clergy in the 1860’s.
 Rizal was born in 1861 amidst all of these political and economic reforms and turmoil’s
 He belonged to a local elite family who was fortunate enough to capitalize on the existing conditions at the time.
 He was sent to school in the Philippines; and despite the hardships that his family had to through during the latter part
of the century, he was able to studying in Europe.
 Rizal actively participated in the propaganda Movement while he was studying in Europe.
 He moved back to the Philippines in 1892 establishing the La Liga Filipina.
 Rizal’s involvement in the revolution is still a controversial issue among historians today, with some arguing that Rizal
was not in favor of the revolution; while others see Rizal being one of the main influences of the KKK.

LESSON 6:
MEMORIAS de ESTUDIANTE
de MANILA

In 1972 to 1881, Rizal’s wrote memoirs composed of 8 chapters spanning the childhood to his days as a
student in Manila. It composed of 8 chapters spanning the childhood to his days as a student in Manila.
CHAPTER 1

It highlights Rizal’s childhood in Calamba

providing a personal description of the place including their house and their lifestyle .Another notable event in the
first chapter is the death of Concha,(Rizal’s Sister) for whom Rizal shed his first tears.

CHAPTER 2
Rizal’s first time away from home when he was sent to study in Binan, Laguna, as well as his daily routines as a
student. This chapter is full of Rizal’s longing for his family and his hometown

CHAPTER 3

Rizal’s memories of the events transpired between the years 1871 to 1872 particularly his mother’s case. This event
really devastated Rizal since his mother was taken away and imprisoned leaving them without guidance.

CHAPTER 4 and 5

Rizal recounts his time as a student in Manila especially at the Ateneo de Municipal. In here, he states the different
rules implemented by Ateneo to ensure the competitiveness of its students, as well as the different books that he
read, which influenced his own writing.

CHAPTER 6

It is dedicated to Segunda Katigbak, Rizal’s first love. Rizal, however remembers this period of his life with
bitterness. They were young and Segunda was already engaged to someone else when they met.

CHAPTER 7
There were no significant events.

CHAPTER 8

In the final chapter, Rizal recalls the fable of the lamp. This story is very important since it captures Rizal’s
symbolic representation of the light.
“For experience he has received bitter
lessons, oh,
infinitely more than
the sweet lesson that
his mother gave him,
and nevertheless the
man preserves the
heart of a child and he
believes that light is the most beautiful thing there is in creation
and that is worthy for a man to sacrifice his life for it.”

-From translation of the Rizal National Centennial Commission

LESSON7: INFLUENCES
The birth of a hero

Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal y Alonzo Realonda


- Was born on the moonlit night of Wednesday, June 19, 1861, in the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna Province,
Phil. His mother almost died during the delivery because of his big head.
- Rizal Baptized in the Catholic Church on June 22, aged 3 days old.
- Father Rufino Col lantes (parish priest) – Batangueño
- Father Pedro Casanas (ninong) – Rizal ’Godfather close friend of Rizal’s family

“Jose” his name was chosen by his mother who was a Devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph)
Father Collantes was impressed by the baby’s big head and told:

“Take good care of this child, for someday he will become a great man.

Age 11 Age 16
Rizal at 18 years old while a student Rizal in Madrid at the age of 25

Of medicine at the U.S.T

Francisco Engracio Mercado Rizal y Alejandro II (1818-1898)

- A serious looking man of sturdy build.


- Died in Manila on Jan. 5, 1898 at the age of 80

He was born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11,

1818. He studied Latin and Philosophy at the

College of San Jose in Manila. A tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda

- He was a hardy and independent- minded man, who talked less and worked more, and was a strong in body and
valiant in spirit.
- He was the youngest of the 13 children of Cirila Alejandro and Juan Mercado Died in Manila on Jan. 5, 1898 at
the age of 80.
- .

Doña Teodora Morales Alonso Realonda y Quintos


Born in Manila on Nov. 8, 1826. Died in Manila on Aug. 16, 1911 at the age of 85. Second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brigida
de Quintos Educated at College of Santa Rose, well known college for girls. Rizal’s first teacher a vigorious and persevering
woman with a benevolent heart and a likable personality. A remarkable woman, possessing refined culture, literary talents,
business ability, and the fortitude of a Spartan Woman.

THE RIZAL CHRILDREN


Saturnina (1850-1913)
Nicknamed Neneng

Eldest o f t h e Rizal children

.Became the wife of Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas.

Paciano (1851-1930)
 The second child in the family and Rizal's only

Brother. Joined Philippine .Revolution and became a combat

general.And after revolution, he retired to his

Farm in Los Baños where he lived as a gentleman farmer

Died (April 13, 1930) an old bachelor aged 79.

 He had two children (a boy and a girl) by his

Mistress (Severina Decena).

Narcisa (1852-1939)
Her nickname was Sisa

She was married to Antonio Lopez (nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez) of Morong school teacher of Morong

Olimpia (1855-1887)
Ypia was her nickname. Married to Silvestre Ubaldo (a telegraph operator from Manila)
She died of childbirth in 1887.

Lucia (1857-1919)
Married Mariano Herbosa(nephew of father Casanas.)

Herbosa died of cholera and was denied Christian burial because he was a brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal.

Maria (1859-1945)
Biang was her nickname

Became the wife of Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.

Jose (1861-1896)
His nickname was Pepe

In Dapitan, his lived with Josephine Bracken, Irish girl from Hong Kong. Had a son (Francisco) with her
but died few hours after birth

Concepcion (1862-1865)

Her nickname was Concha. She died of sickness at the age of 3.


Her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life.

Josefa (1865-1945)
Her nickname was Panggoy

She died an old maid at the age of 80.

10. Trinidad (1868-1951)


Trining was her nickname name.

She died also as an old maid in 1951 aged 83.

Soledad (1870-1929)
Her nicknames Is Choleng The youngest Rizal child

Became the wife of Pantaleon Quintero.

•Sibling relationship among the Rizal children was affectionately cordial.


•As a little boy, Rizal play games with his sisters.

•When he grew to manhood, he called them Doña or Señora (if married) and Señorita (if single).

•Paciano was a second father to him (10 years senior)

•He immortalized him in his first novel as the wise Pilosopo Tasio

•Rizal was a product of mixture of races both east and west.

•Negrito, Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Japanese and Spanish

•His great-great grandfather (father side) was a Chinese Immigrant named Domingo Lamco

•He was from Fukien city who arrived in Manila about 1690

•DoñaTeodora‘s family descended from Lakan Dula (King of Tondo) His great-great maternal grandfather was of
Japanese ancestry
Lakan Dula – descendant
Eugenio Ursua – great-great grandfather of Rizal of Japanese ancestry (married to Benigna)
Regina – daughter of Eugenio, married to Manuel De Quintos (a Filipino Chinese lawyer from
Pangasinan.)

 Brigida - daughter of Regina, married to


Lorenzo Alberto (a prominent SpanishFilipino mestizo of Biñan)
- mother of Narcisa, Teodora, Gregorio,Jose and Manuel
 The second surname – RIZAL – was given by a Spanish alcalde mayor of
Laguna, who was a family friend
 Rizal - “racial” meaning “new pasture” and “green field”
- a field where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again

THE RIZAL HOME


•Two storey building, rectangular in shape
•Built in adobe stones and hard wood and roofed with red tiles

• Describe by Rafael Palma (biographer

•Behind the house was a poultry yard full of turkeys and chickens and a big garden of
tropical fruit trees—atis, balimbing, chico, macopa, papaya, santol etc.

•The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines.
It was one of the distinguished families in Calamba. From the farms, which were rented from Dominican Order, they harvested
rice, corn and sugarcane. They raised pigs, chickens, and turkeys in their backyard. In addition to farming and stock raising, Doña
Teodora managed a general goods store and operated a small flour-mill and a home-made ham press GOOD AND MIDDLE-
CLASS FAMILY.

•The owned a carriage, which was a status symbol of the illustrados in Spanish Philippines and a private library (the largest in
Calamba which consisted of more than 1,000 volumes

•They sent their children to the colleges in Manila. Combining affluence and culture, hospitality and courtesy, they participated
prominently in all social and religious affairs in the community.

•They were gracious hosts to all visitors and guests friars, Spanish officials, and Filipino friends- during the town fiestas and
other holidays.

•Beneath their roof, all guests irrespective of their color, rank, social position, and economic status, were welcome

•The Rizal family had a simple, contented, and happy life. In consonance with Filipino custom, family ties among the Rizals were
intimately close.

•Both parents never spoiled their children.


•They were strict parents and they trained their children to love God, behave well, to be obedient, and to respect people especially
old folks.
•The believed in the maxim: “Spare the rod and spoil the child”

They heard Mass in the town church particularly Sundays they prayed together daily at home then after the prayer all the children
kiss the hands of their parents.
They played merrily in the azotea or in the garden by themselves. The older ones were allowed to play with the children of other
families

CHILDHOOD YEARS IN CALAMBA


•Jose Rizal had many beautiful memories of childhood in his native town. He grew up in a happy home, ruled by good parents
bubbling with joy, and sanctified by God’s blessings.

Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged to Dominican Order, which also owned all the lands around it. It is picturesque
town nestling on a verdant plain covered with irrigated rice fields and sugar-lands.

A few kilometers to the south looms the legendary Mt. Makiling in Somnolent grandeur, and beyond this mountain is the
province of Batangas. East of the town is the Laguna de Bay, an inland lake of songs and emerald waters beneath canopy of azure
sky.

In the middle of the lake towers the stored island of Talim, and beyond it towards the north is the distant Antipolo, famous
mountain shrine of the miraculous Lady of Peace and Good Voyage.

In 1876, when he was 15 years old and was a student in the Ateneo de Manila, he remembered his beloved town through his
written poem, UN Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town).

Earliest Childhood Memories


•The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family garden when he was 3 years old. Because he was a
frail, sickly ad undersized child, he was given the tenderest care by his parent.

•An aya (nurse maid) was employed to look after his comfort because he was a frail, sickly and undersized child.

•Aya related to the Rizal children many stories about fairies, legends and folklore like asuang, the nuno, the tigbalang.

•Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus prayers.


•Another memory of his infancy was the walk in the town especially when there was a moon

•Hero’s First Sorrow


Of his sisters, Jose loved most the little Concha (Concepcion). He was a year older than Concha. Unfortunately, Concha died of
sickness in 1865 when she was only three years old. Jose who was fond of her, cried bitterly at losing her. The death of little
Concha brought him his first sorrow.

•Devoted Son of the Church


Rizal grew up a good Catholic. At the age of 3, he began to take part in the family prayers. His mother, who was a devout
Catholic, taught him the Catholic prayers.

•When he was 5 years old, he was able to read the Spanish Family Bible
•He was so seriously devoted that he was called Manong Jose.
•One men he respected in Calamba was Father Leoncio Lopez, the town priest

•Pilgrimage to Antipolo
•On June 6, 1868, Rizal and his father left Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to Antipoloin order to fulfill his mother’s vow.
•His mother gave birth to Trinidad

•It was his first trip across Laguna de Bay and his first Pilgrimge to Antipolo
•He and his father rode in a casco (barge).
•He was thrilled and did not sleep the whole night as the casco sailed towards Pasig River because he was awed by the
magnificence of the watery expanse and the silence of the night.

•After praying, he and his father went to Manila to visit Saturnina at La Concordia College

•The Story of the Moth


•The tragic fate of the young moth which “died amartyr to its illusions” left a deep impress on Rizal’s mind.
•“to sacrifice one’s life for it” meaning “for an ideal, is worthwhile.”
*Like the young moth, Rizal was fated to die as a martyr for a noble ideal.
•Artistic Talents
•at the age of 5, he began to make sketches with his pencil and to mold in clay and wax objects.
•He had the soul of a genuine artist
•He love to ride on a spirited pony in lakeshore with his black dog named Usman. One interesting anecdote about Rizal was the
incident about his clay and wax images. One day he was about 6 years old his sisters laughed at him for spending so much time m
a k i n g t h o s e i m a g e s r a t h e r t h a n participating in their games.

He kept silent as they laughed with childish glee. But as they were departing, he told them: “All right laugh at

me now! Someday when I die, people will make monuments and images of me.”

•First Poem by Rizal

•At the age of 8, wrote his first poem “Sa Aking mga Kababata” (To My Fellow Children)
•This poem reveals Rizal’s earlist nationalist sentiments.
•The poem revolves about the Love of one’s language

•In poetic verses, he proudly proclaimed that a people who truly love their native language will surely strive for liberty like “the
bird which soars to freer space above” and that Tagalog is equal of Latin, English, Spanish and any other languages.

•First Drama by Rizal

•At the age of 8, wrote his first dramatic work which was Tagalog comedy.
•It was staged in the Calamba festivals and was delightfully applauded by the audience
•Rizal as Boy Magician
•He is also a boy magician which he learned various tricks such as making a coin appear or disappear in his fingers in making
handkerchief vanish in thin air

•He entertained his town folks with magic lantern exhibitions

•Influences on the Hero’s Boyhood

1. Hereditary Influence
a. Malayan ancestors (love for freedom, desire to travel,
and indomitable courage)
b. Chinese ancestors (serious nature, frugality, patience and love for children)
c. Spanish ancestors (elegance of bearing, sensitivity to insult and gallantry to ladies)
d. From his father (profound sense of self-respect, love for work and the habit of independent thinking)
e. From his mother (religious nature, spirit of self-sacrifice and the passion for arts and literature)

2. Environmental Influences (Places, Associates, Events)

•Beauties of Calamba (artistic and literary talents)


•Paciano(love for freedom and justice)
•His sisters(being courteous and kind to women)
•Aya(interest in folklore and legends)
•Gom-Bur-Za and Spanish abuses(patriotism, inspired him to consecrate his life and talents to redeem his oppressed people)

Father Leoncio Lopez (love for scholarship


and intellectual honesty)
His 3 uncles:
a. Tio Jose Alberto – artistic ability
b. Tio Manuel – develop his body – wrestling
c. Tio Gregorio – Book lover

3. Aid of Divine

•A person may have everything in life – brains, wealth, and power – but without the aid of divine providence, he cannot attain
greatness in the annals of the nation.
•Rizal has his early education in Calamba and Biñan.
•It is a typical schooling that son of an ilustrado family received during his time, characterized by 4Rs—reading, writing,
arithmetic and religion

•The Hero’s First Teacher

•Doña Teodora, His mother (patient, conscientious and understanding tutor), was his first teacher.
•At the age of 3, he learned the alphabet and the prayers.
•His mother discovered that her son had a talent for poetry
•She encouraged him to write poems. To lighten the monotony of memorizing the ABC’s and to stimulate her son’s imagination,
she related many stories.
•His parents employed private tutors to give him lessons at home
a. Maestro Celestino
b. Maestro Lucas Padua
c. Leon Monroy—former classmate of Rizal’s father, taught Rizal of Spanish and Latin
• After Monroy’s death Jose were decided to send to private school in Binan, Laguna.
•Jose Goes to Biñan
•One Sunday afternoon in June, 1869, Jose left Calamba for Biñan.
•He was accompanied by Paciano, who acted as his second father.
•The 2 brothers rode in a CARROMATA, reaching their
destination after one and one-half hours’ drive.
•They proceeded to their aunt’s house where jose was to lodge
•At the same night, Jose and his cousin Leandro went sight-seeing in the town
•Instead of enjoying the sights, Jose became depressed because of homesickness.
•First Day in Biñan School
Paciano brought his younger brother to the school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
The school was in the house of the teacher. Which was a small nipa hut about 30 meters from the home of Jose’s aunt. Jose
described his teacher in Biñan as follows.
He was tall, thin, and long-necked, with a sharp nose and a body slightly bent forward. He knew by heart the
grammars by Nebrija and Gainza.

•Jose met the bully, Pedro (son of the teacher)


•He was angry at this bully for making fun of him during his conversation with the teach

•First School Brawl


•Jose challenged him to a fight, and Rizal won and it made him to become popular among his classmates.
•In the afternoon, a classmate named Andres Salandanan challenged him to an arm-wrestling match
•Jose lost having weaker arm, but he never ran away from a fight
•Painting Lessons in Biñan
•Jose and his classmate, Jose Guevarra, became apprentices of the old painter (Juancho father)

•Daily Life in Biñan

•Jose led a Spartan life in simplicity in Biñan which thus strengthened his body and soul.
•Best Student in School
•in academic, Jose beat all the Biñan boys.
•He surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin and other Subjects
•End of Biñan Schooling
•Before the Christmas season in 1870, Jose received a letter from his sister Saturnina, informing him of the arrival of the steamer
Talim which would take him to Calamba.
•He left Biñan Saturday afternoon, Dec 17,1870 after
one year and a half of schooling in the town
•He was thrilled to take passage on the steamer Talim, for it was the first time he ever rode on a steamer.
•On board was a Frenchman named Arturo Camps, a friend of his father, who took care of him.
•Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za
•On the night of January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipino soldiers and workmen of the Cavite arsenal under the leadership of
Lamadrid, Filipino sergeant, rose in violent mutiny because of the abolition by the reactionary Governor Rafael de Izquierdo of
their usual privileges including exemption from tribute and polo (forced labor)
•Unfortunately this Cavite Mutiny was suppressed two days later by troop reinforcements from Manila.
•The Spanish authorities, in order to liquidate Father Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora, leaders of the secular
movement to Filipinize the Philippine parishes, and their supporters (Jose Ma. Basa, Attorneys Joaquin Pardo de Tavera and
Antonio Ma. Regidor, etc) magnified the failed mutiny into a “revolt” for Philippine independence.
The martyrdom of Gom-/bur-Za in 1872
truly inspired Rizal to fight the evils of Spanish Tranny and redeem his oppressed people. And later, in 1891, he dedicated his
second novel, E l Filibusterismo, to GomBurZa.

•Injustice to His Mother

•Before June of 1872, tragedy struck the Rizal family. Doña Teodora was suddenly arrested on a malicious charge that she and
her brother, Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter’s perfidious wife.

•After arresting Doña Teodora, the sadistic Spanish lieutenant forced her to walk from Calamba to Santa Cruz (capital of Laguna
province), a distance of 50 kilometers.
•She was imprisoned at the provincial prison, when she languished for two years and a half until the Manila Royal Audiencia
(Supreme Court) acquitted her of the alleged crime.

•She was defended by Messrs. Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan, the most famous lawyers of Manila
•as student in Manila
•Before June of 1872, tragedy struck the Rizal family. Doña Teodora was suddenly arrested on a malicious charge that she and
her brother, Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter’s perfidious wife.

•From 1872-1877, Rizal studied in Ateneo de Manila under the supervision of Jesuits Priest
•Jesuit education- was characterized by rigid discipline and Rizal appreciated his time under Fr. Francisco
de Paula Sanchez.

•Fr. Jose Villaclara- who encouraged Rizal to study philosophy and natural sciences.
•Rizal graduated with a degree of Bachelor of Arts. He also completed a vocational course on surveying in
the same school.

•From 1877-1882, before his trip to Europe to study ophthalmology, Rizal Enrolled at the University of Sto. Tomas to pursue his
medical studies.

•In 1882, he was sent to Europe by his brother Paciano with a secret mission.
•Rizal enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid on November 8, 1882.

•While studying medicine, he also studied French, German, and English at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, and
Fencing and shooting at the Hall of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell.

RIZAL IN EUROPE: GERMAN SCHOLARSHIP

•Ferdinand Bluementritt- an Austrian scholar who published books about Philippine ethnological topics.
•RESIL MOJARES, in his article Rizal Reading Pigafetta from his book waiting for Mariang Makiling: Essays in Philippine
Cultural History, Enumerated the different scholars whom Rizal met through the help of Ferdinand Blumentritt:

•Hendrik Kern
•A.B Meyer

•Wilhelm Joest

•Fedor Jagor

•Rudolf Virchow

•Aside from these individuals, Rizal was alosable to associate himself in Germany
*Geographical Society
*Anthropological Society
•On April 13, 1887, he wrote Blumentritt and mentioned his objective of establishing a Philippine studies
subject or course as a way for Filipino to know themselves.
•With the necessary methodological, conceptual, and theoretical tools, Rizal pursued his personal researches
about Philippine past.
•Some of the notable works he produced in the social sciences were his annotations of :
*Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas by Antonio de Morga
*The Indolence of the Filipinos
*and his planned organization Association Internatinale des Philippinestes

•Rizal divided Philippine history into three periods namely:


*Precolonial Philippines
*The loss of Philippine Autonomy from 1521 to 1808
*From 1808 to Cavity Mutiny in 1872
•The Indolence of the Filipinos
•El Filibusterismo Chapter 7 with the title,
“Simoun and Basilio”
•The propaganda movement in Spain especially with the establishment of in
.

•Most of his ilustrado contemporaries were not as interested as he was writing about the Philippines
•Because of internal Politics and the incident in Calamba from 1887 to 1888, Rizal eventually dissociated himself with the reform
movement and took on a more radical stance regarding the emancipation of the country.

LESSON 8: RIZAL, the POLYMATH

*He was a doctor specializing in opthalmology.


*Aside from being a doctor, he was also known among his peers as prolific writer.
*He was also trained in the social sciences during his time in Germany in 1889
*some scholars attribute Rizal’s versatality to his being a genius.
IQ- Level of Intelligence/ Contributions to Society
*Rizal graduated with high honors when he was studying in Ateneo.
*It was said that Rizal was one of the best practitioners of fencing among ilustrados during their time in Europe.
*While we honor Rizal as the doctor and the writer, most of his scientific works done during
his exile in Dapitan from 1892-1896, when he conducted numerous scientific works that involved collecting and sending
different animal specimens to Blumentritt.
*In retrospect, 1892-1896 can be considered as one of the Golden Ages of Dapitan because of the help of Dr. Jose Rizal.
*He also remained true to his vow to educate the Filipinos by establishing a school in Dapitan.

*Whether he was a genius or not by today’s standards, Rizal embodied his vision of a true scholar and citizen in the service of his
country.
*He made sure that even in exile, he used all of his abilities and talents to serve his countrymen

LESSON 9: WORKS OF RIZAL

*A man of letters, Rizal is known best for his writings.

*His novels were the reasons for sparking a revolution.

*He was also a man who wrote a lot to his friends, family, colleagues, fellow reformers, and many more.

*Aside from all the prose he became known for, he also produced fine poems expressing the deepest desires of his hearts that no
essay, letter, or novel could materialize. It varies in many aspects Noli Me Tangere El Filibusterismo

*Romantic Novel, “Work of the Heart” and Book of Feeling Political Novel, “Work of the Head” and Book of Thought.

*contains 64 Chapters *contains 39 Chapters

*Both depicts the true conditions of the Philippine before. Noli Me Tangere El Filibusterismo

*Both are instruments in awakening nationalism of the Filipinos

*March 21, 1887


Berlin, Germany

*September 18, 1891

Ghent, Belgium

*Both are written in Spanish Language

*The Social Cancer *The Reign of Greed

*Huwag mo akong salingin *Ang paghahari ng

Kasakiman Noli Me Tangere El Filibusterismo

*Concept-To work Pacifist *Concept- To work for revenge

*Dedication- For Motherland *Dedication- Three Martyr Priests

*Savior- Maximo Viola Php 300.00- 2,000 copies

*Savior- Valentin Ventura Jesus said, “Do not hold on to me, for I have

Not yet ascended to the Father. Go instead to my brothers and tell them, ‘I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my
God and you’re God.’”

John 20:17

Noli Me Tangere
EL Filibusterismo

MI ULTIMO ADIOS (My Last Farewell in English)


*Well hidden in the lamp given to Trinidad on the eve of his martyrdom, Rizal spoke in English so as to cleverly tell his dear
sister as to the contents inside.

*Later this letter was translated by the Supremo Bonifacio in Tagalog


*Regardless of a number of his influential works, some of his writings also employed
greater skill as a scholar of various disciplines.

*As a student of history, Rizal annotated the known book of Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las
Islas Filipinas.

*His method of annotation was by hand which made him spend a lot of time in the British
Museum where one of the extant copies was located

GENERALIZATION

Based on your personal assessment, are the writings of Rizal still relevant today as they were
during his time?

LESSON 10:
THE VALUE OF SCIENCE
*Science was not at the forefront of the Spanish colonial Philippines in the 19th century.

* It was merely introduced as a required subject to be taken to fulfill the much needed courses to attain a degree.

*It was clearly stated on El Filibusterismo “Reciting lessons from memory” *But in one of his essays, the “Religiosity of the
Filipinos” Rizal asserted that science is helpful in understanding the Creator.

*As a progandist writing in La Solidaridad, Rizal would invoke the importance of science in laying out reforms and in improving
the state of the country. *In the Indolence of the Filipinos, Rizal argued the important use of physical sciences to understand
current social reality.

*In the Philippines a Century Hence, he compared science with history. “History does not record in its annals any lasting
domination by a group of people. The existence of a foreign body within another endowed with strength and activity is contrary
to all natural and ethical laws. Science teaches us that it is either assimilated, destroys the organism, is eliminated or becomes
encysted.”

*In his four-year exile, he fostered fascination for conchology, estimates to be around 346 shells from 203 species.

*Rizal became a familiar name for at leastthree named after him:

Draco Rizali (lizard)

Apogonia Rizali (beetle)


Rhacophorus Rizali (frog)

Draco Rizali (Wandolleck), a species of flying lizard Apogonia Rizali (Heller), a type of small beetle Rachophorus Rizali
(Boetger), a species of toad. *Furthermore, he delved into archaeological, geological, geographical and anthropological studies
based on his correspondences with his fellow scientists.

*Rizal was also in touch with his scientific side and never relinquished his thirst for knowledge.

Mariela Torrefiel Wagan


BS Criminology (Block B)
Submitted to: Sir JL Linguit Rayos

THANK YOU SIR!


Sir alam ko pong sobrang laking kasalanan ng ginawa naming sir, na kahit anong sorry po naming sir hindi na ito maibabalik. Pero po sir
humihinge po talaga kami ng pangalawang pagkakataon para po mapatawad nyo po kami sir, para po maituwid mga pagkakamali namin sir.
Hindi po namin inaasahan na hahantong po sa ganung sitwasyon sir kasi po yung gc na po yun sir ay para lang po sa mga announcement. SORRY
PO SIR.

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