The Youth Is The Hope of Our Future.: Lesson 1: Republic Act 1425
The Youth Is The Hope of Our Future.: Lesson 1: Republic Act 1425
The Youth Is The Hope of Our Future.: Lesson 1: Republic Act 1425
Introduction
Cemented in history as potent symbol of the nation, Rizal’s heroism was sponsored by the nation
through RA 1425 (Rizal Law) of June, 1956, with the younger generations, the “Millennials,” receiving
much importance.
The birth of Rizal Law On April 3, 1956, Senate Bill No. 438
(An act to make Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo compulsory reading matter in all public and private colleges
and universities and for other purposes)
Debate for the bill in aid of legislation ensued next, albeit not smooth sailing. Opponents,
mostly rabid Catholic senators, contended that the proposed bill was too controversial.
HERO
Is normally defined here as an illustrious man, often of divine and descent, or with distinguished valor or enterprise in
danger, and fortitude in suffering, who is supposed to be exalted after death.
Zeus Salazar
According to him bayani is a person who leaves his/her own town and then returns.
TATTOO
Used as protection kaluluwa (soul) of a bayani,
kris/kampilan (weapon)
Putong (head gear)
1. Fears no one
2. Courageous
3. Firm
4. Bold
5. But quiet
6. And calm
Instead of living role models, the Spaniards had introduced the image of obedience of saints and disciples whom the Filipinos had
to imitate in order to become good colonials.
Gen. Henry W.
Lawton Col.
John M. Stoltenberg
Col. Harry Egbert
Filipino Heroes were also venerated during the period.
Jose Rizal, who was executed by the Spaniards, became the leading national hero.
NAMAYANI
Meaning to prevail or triumph, has become well-known.
Jose Rizal as a Filipino hero state- sponsored through Republic Act 1425
2 Years- the commemoration was held on December 30, 1898 when the President of the first Republic Of the Philippines, Emilio
Aguinaldo, declared in Malolos, Bulacan, a day of National Mourning.
9 NATIONAL HERO
Jose Rizal
Andres Bonifacio
Emilio Aguinaldo
Apolinario Mabini
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat
Juan Luna
Melchora Aquino
Gabriela Silang
According to him, he should be buried in the earth, preferably in Paang bundok (now North Cemetery) with a stone and a cross
on top. His name, date of birth, and death must also be indicated. If possible, he requested for fence that would mark his grave.
Then he stressed that no anniversary celebration must be conducted.
“TWO RIZALS”
First, the Historic Rizal who lived and died in the 19th century Philippines
SIGN
It is a kind of text which represents a fixed reality and posits itself as a means of portraying that reality.
SYMBOL
It conveys meaning not only about itself but about cultural processes and relationships; meaning
therefore that is not constant but constituted through a human agency.
LESSON 4:
RIZAL AND NATION- BUILDING
TO READ
TO THINK
TO WRITE
-Gemino Abad
Rizal wrote a poem containing his farewell message before his execution
“There is something inside it” he said in English to prevent any suspicion from the authority.
Mi Ultimo Adios
Rizal’s Life, works and writing must be well entrenched in every Filipino soul
Lesson about his life, like his education, lovers past time, etc. are all useless if not applied in real life.
LESSON FIVE:
19TH CENTURY PHILIPPINES
Economic and Political Situation of the Philippines
Some historians refer to the 19th century as a long in Philippine history because of the numerous changes that happened
during this period.
In terms of political and economic changes, the brief occupation of Manila by British forces in the 1762- 1764 and the
rapid development of economies in Europe.
Spanish administrators in the colony rethink their policies
Some of the more notable reforms were the abolition of the Galleon trade and the opening of the Philippines to world
trade in 1830.
Economic activities in the country
The entry of firms from the European states
The entry of foreign ideas mostly through the form of books and other printed media during that time.
In southern Tagalog areas, brigandage and tulisanes increased their robbing, kidnapping, and pillaging activities,
prompting the government to create the GUARDIA CIVIL IN 1868
Some movements such as Cofradia de San Jose in Tayabas, Quezon.
LESSON 6:
MEMORIAS de ESTUDIANTE
de MANILA
In 1972 to 1881, Rizal’s wrote memoirs composed of 8 chapters spanning the childhood to his days as a
student in Manila. It composed of 8 chapters spanning the childhood to his days as a student in Manila.
CHAPTER 1
providing a personal description of the place including their house and their lifestyle .Another notable event in the
first chapter is the death of Concha,(Rizal’s Sister) for whom Rizal shed his first tears.
CHAPTER 2
Rizal’s first time away from home when he was sent to study in Binan, Laguna, as well as his daily routines as a
student. This chapter is full of Rizal’s longing for his family and his hometown
CHAPTER 3
Rizal’s memories of the events transpired between the years 1871 to 1872 particularly his mother’s case. This event
really devastated Rizal since his mother was taken away and imprisoned leaving them without guidance.
CHAPTER 4 and 5
Rizal recounts his time as a student in Manila especially at the Ateneo de Municipal. In here, he states the different
rules implemented by Ateneo to ensure the competitiveness of its students, as well as the different books that he
read, which influenced his own writing.
CHAPTER 6
It is dedicated to Segunda Katigbak, Rizal’s first love. Rizal, however remembers this period of his life with
bitterness. They were young and Segunda was already engaged to someone else when they met.
CHAPTER 7
There were no significant events.
CHAPTER 8
In the final chapter, Rizal recalls the fable of the lamp. This story is very important since it captures Rizal’s
symbolic representation of the light.
“For experience he has received bitter
lessons, oh,
infinitely more than
the sweet lesson that
his mother gave him,
and nevertheless the
man preserves the
heart of a child and he
believes that light is the most beautiful thing there is in creation
and that is worthy for a man to sacrifice his life for it.”
LESSON7: INFLUENCES
The birth of a hero
“Jose” his name was chosen by his mother who was a Devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph)
Father Collantes was impressed by the baby’s big head and told:
“Take good care of this child, for someday he will become a great man.
Age 11 Age 16
Rizal at 18 years old while a student Rizal in Madrid at the age of 25
- He was a hardy and independent- minded man, who talked less and worked more, and was a strong in body and
valiant in spirit.
- He was the youngest of the 13 children of Cirila Alejandro and Juan Mercado Died in Manila on Jan. 5, 1898 at
the age of 80.
- .
Paciano (1851-1930)
The second child in the family and Rizal's only
Narcisa (1852-1939)
Her nickname was Sisa
She was married to Antonio Lopez (nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez) of Morong school teacher of Morong
Olimpia (1855-1887)
Ypia was her nickname. Married to Silvestre Ubaldo (a telegraph operator from Manila)
She died of childbirth in 1887.
Lucia (1857-1919)
Married Mariano Herbosa(nephew of father Casanas.)
Herbosa died of cholera and was denied Christian burial because he was a brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal.
Maria (1859-1945)
Biang was her nickname
Jose (1861-1896)
His nickname was Pepe
In Dapitan, his lived with Josephine Bracken, Irish girl from Hong Kong. Had a son (Francisco) with her
but died few hours after birth
Concepcion (1862-1865)
Josefa (1865-1945)
Her nickname was Panggoy
Soledad (1870-1929)
Her nicknames Is Choleng The youngest Rizal child
•When he grew to manhood, he called them Doña or Señora (if married) and Señorita (if single).
•He immortalized him in his first novel as the wise Pilosopo Tasio
•His great-great grandfather (father side) was a Chinese Immigrant named Domingo Lamco
•He was from Fukien city who arrived in Manila about 1690
•DoñaTeodora‘s family descended from Lakan Dula (King of Tondo) His great-great maternal grandfather was of
Japanese ancestry
Lakan Dula – descendant
Eugenio Ursua – great-great grandfather of Rizal of Japanese ancestry (married to Benigna)
Regina – daughter of Eugenio, married to Manuel De Quintos (a Filipino Chinese lawyer from
Pangasinan.)
•Behind the house was a poultry yard full of turkeys and chickens and a big garden of
tropical fruit trees—atis, balimbing, chico, macopa, papaya, santol etc.
•The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines.
It was one of the distinguished families in Calamba. From the farms, which were rented from Dominican Order, they harvested
rice, corn and sugarcane. They raised pigs, chickens, and turkeys in their backyard. In addition to farming and stock raising, Doña
Teodora managed a general goods store and operated a small flour-mill and a home-made ham press GOOD AND MIDDLE-
CLASS FAMILY.
•The owned a carriage, which was a status symbol of the illustrados in Spanish Philippines and a private library (the largest in
Calamba which consisted of more than 1,000 volumes
•They sent their children to the colleges in Manila. Combining affluence and culture, hospitality and courtesy, they participated
prominently in all social and religious affairs in the community.
•They were gracious hosts to all visitors and guests friars, Spanish officials, and Filipino friends- during the town fiestas and
other holidays.
•Beneath their roof, all guests irrespective of their color, rank, social position, and economic status, were welcome
•The Rizal family had a simple, contented, and happy life. In consonance with Filipino custom, family ties among the Rizals were
intimately close.
They heard Mass in the town church particularly Sundays they prayed together daily at home then after the prayer all the children
kiss the hands of their parents.
They played merrily in the azotea or in the garden by themselves. The older ones were allowed to play with the children of other
families
Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged to Dominican Order, which also owned all the lands around it. It is picturesque
town nestling on a verdant plain covered with irrigated rice fields and sugar-lands.
A few kilometers to the south looms the legendary Mt. Makiling in Somnolent grandeur, and beyond this mountain is the
province of Batangas. East of the town is the Laguna de Bay, an inland lake of songs and emerald waters beneath canopy of azure
sky.
In the middle of the lake towers the stored island of Talim, and beyond it towards the north is the distant Antipolo, famous
mountain shrine of the miraculous Lady of Peace and Good Voyage.
In 1876, when he was 15 years old and was a student in the Ateneo de Manila, he remembered his beloved town through his
written poem, UN Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town).
•An aya (nurse maid) was employed to look after his comfort because he was a frail, sickly and undersized child.
•Aya related to the Rizal children many stories about fairies, legends and folklore like asuang, the nuno, the tigbalang.
•When he was 5 years old, he was able to read the Spanish Family Bible
•He was so seriously devoted that he was called Manong Jose.
•One men he respected in Calamba was Father Leoncio Lopez, the town priest
•Pilgrimage to Antipolo
•On June 6, 1868, Rizal and his father left Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to Antipoloin order to fulfill his mother’s vow.
•His mother gave birth to Trinidad
•It was his first trip across Laguna de Bay and his first Pilgrimge to Antipolo
•He and his father rode in a casco (barge).
•He was thrilled and did not sleep the whole night as the casco sailed towards Pasig River because he was awed by the
magnificence of the watery expanse and the silence of the night.
•After praying, he and his father went to Manila to visit Saturnina at La Concordia College
He kept silent as they laughed with childish glee. But as they were departing, he told them: “All right laugh at
me now! Someday when I die, people will make monuments and images of me.”
•At the age of 8, wrote his first poem “Sa Aking mga Kababata” (To My Fellow Children)
•This poem reveals Rizal’s earlist nationalist sentiments.
•The poem revolves about the Love of one’s language
•In poetic verses, he proudly proclaimed that a people who truly love their native language will surely strive for liberty like “the
bird which soars to freer space above” and that Tagalog is equal of Latin, English, Spanish and any other languages.
•At the age of 8, wrote his first dramatic work which was Tagalog comedy.
•It was staged in the Calamba festivals and was delightfully applauded by the audience
•Rizal as Boy Magician
•He is also a boy magician which he learned various tricks such as making a coin appear or disappear in his fingers in making
handkerchief vanish in thin air
1. Hereditary Influence
a. Malayan ancestors (love for freedom, desire to travel,
and indomitable courage)
b. Chinese ancestors (serious nature, frugality, patience and love for children)
c. Spanish ancestors (elegance of bearing, sensitivity to insult and gallantry to ladies)
d. From his father (profound sense of self-respect, love for work and the habit of independent thinking)
e. From his mother (religious nature, spirit of self-sacrifice and the passion for arts and literature)
3. Aid of Divine
•A person may have everything in life – brains, wealth, and power – but without the aid of divine providence, he cannot attain
greatness in the annals of the nation.
•Rizal has his early education in Calamba and Biñan.
•It is a typical schooling that son of an ilustrado family received during his time, characterized by 4Rs—reading, writing,
arithmetic and religion
•Doña Teodora, His mother (patient, conscientious and understanding tutor), was his first teacher.
•At the age of 3, he learned the alphabet and the prayers.
•His mother discovered that her son had a talent for poetry
•She encouraged him to write poems. To lighten the monotony of memorizing the ABC’s and to stimulate her son’s imagination,
she related many stories.
•His parents employed private tutors to give him lessons at home
a. Maestro Celestino
b. Maestro Lucas Padua
c. Leon Monroy—former classmate of Rizal’s father, taught Rizal of Spanish and Latin
• After Monroy’s death Jose were decided to send to private school in Binan, Laguna.
•Jose Goes to Biñan
•One Sunday afternoon in June, 1869, Jose left Calamba for Biñan.
•He was accompanied by Paciano, who acted as his second father.
•The 2 brothers rode in a CARROMATA, reaching their
destination after one and one-half hours’ drive.
•They proceeded to their aunt’s house where jose was to lodge
•At the same night, Jose and his cousin Leandro went sight-seeing in the town
•Instead of enjoying the sights, Jose became depressed because of homesickness.
•First Day in Biñan School
Paciano brought his younger brother to the school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
The school was in the house of the teacher. Which was a small nipa hut about 30 meters from the home of Jose’s aunt. Jose
described his teacher in Biñan as follows.
He was tall, thin, and long-necked, with a sharp nose and a body slightly bent forward. He knew by heart the
grammars by Nebrija and Gainza.
•Jose led a Spartan life in simplicity in Biñan which thus strengthened his body and soul.
•Best Student in School
•in academic, Jose beat all the Biñan boys.
•He surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin and other Subjects
•End of Biñan Schooling
•Before the Christmas season in 1870, Jose received a letter from his sister Saturnina, informing him of the arrival of the steamer
Talim which would take him to Calamba.
•He left Biñan Saturday afternoon, Dec 17,1870 after
one year and a half of schooling in the town
•He was thrilled to take passage on the steamer Talim, for it was the first time he ever rode on a steamer.
•On board was a Frenchman named Arturo Camps, a friend of his father, who took care of him.
•Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za
•On the night of January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipino soldiers and workmen of the Cavite arsenal under the leadership of
Lamadrid, Filipino sergeant, rose in violent mutiny because of the abolition by the reactionary Governor Rafael de Izquierdo of
their usual privileges including exemption from tribute and polo (forced labor)
•Unfortunately this Cavite Mutiny was suppressed two days later by troop reinforcements from Manila.
•The Spanish authorities, in order to liquidate Father Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora, leaders of the secular
movement to Filipinize the Philippine parishes, and their supporters (Jose Ma. Basa, Attorneys Joaquin Pardo de Tavera and
Antonio Ma. Regidor, etc) magnified the failed mutiny into a “revolt” for Philippine independence.
The martyrdom of Gom-/bur-Za in 1872
truly inspired Rizal to fight the evils of Spanish Tranny and redeem his oppressed people. And later, in 1891, he dedicated his
second novel, E l Filibusterismo, to GomBurZa.
•Before June of 1872, tragedy struck the Rizal family. Doña Teodora was suddenly arrested on a malicious charge that she and
her brother, Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter’s perfidious wife.
•After arresting Doña Teodora, the sadistic Spanish lieutenant forced her to walk from Calamba to Santa Cruz (capital of Laguna
province), a distance of 50 kilometers.
•She was imprisoned at the provincial prison, when she languished for two years and a half until the Manila Royal Audiencia
(Supreme Court) acquitted her of the alleged crime.
•She was defended by Messrs. Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan, the most famous lawyers of Manila
•as student in Manila
•Before June of 1872, tragedy struck the Rizal family. Doña Teodora was suddenly arrested on a malicious charge that she and
her brother, Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter’s perfidious wife.
•From 1872-1877, Rizal studied in Ateneo de Manila under the supervision of Jesuits Priest
•Jesuit education- was characterized by rigid discipline and Rizal appreciated his time under Fr. Francisco
de Paula Sanchez.
•Fr. Jose Villaclara- who encouraged Rizal to study philosophy and natural sciences.
•Rizal graduated with a degree of Bachelor of Arts. He also completed a vocational course on surveying in
the same school.
•From 1877-1882, before his trip to Europe to study ophthalmology, Rizal Enrolled at the University of Sto. Tomas to pursue his
medical studies.
•In 1882, he was sent to Europe by his brother Paciano with a secret mission.
•Rizal enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid on November 8, 1882.
•While studying medicine, he also studied French, German, and English at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, and
Fencing and shooting at the Hall of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell.
•Ferdinand Bluementritt- an Austrian scholar who published books about Philippine ethnological topics.
•RESIL MOJARES, in his article Rizal Reading Pigafetta from his book waiting for Mariang Makiling: Essays in Philippine
Cultural History, Enumerated the different scholars whom Rizal met through the help of Ferdinand Blumentritt:
•Hendrik Kern
•A.B Meyer
•Wilhelm Joest
•Fedor Jagor
•Rudolf Virchow
•Aside from these individuals, Rizal was alosable to associate himself in Germany
*Geographical Society
*Anthropological Society
•On April 13, 1887, he wrote Blumentritt and mentioned his objective of establishing a Philippine studies
subject or course as a way for Filipino to know themselves.
•With the necessary methodological, conceptual, and theoretical tools, Rizal pursued his personal researches
about Philippine past.
•Some of the notable works he produced in the social sciences were his annotations of :
*Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas by Antonio de Morga
*The Indolence of the Filipinos
*and his planned organization Association Internatinale des Philippinestes
•Most of his ilustrado contemporaries were not as interested as he was writing about the Philippines
•Because of internal Politics and the incident in Calamba from 1887 to 1888, Rizal eventually dissociated himself with the reform
movement and took on a more radical stance regarding the emancipation of the country.
*Whether he was a genius or not by today’s standards, Rizal embodied his vision of a true scholar and citizen in the service of his
country.
*He made sure that even in exile, he used all of his abilities and talents to serve his countrymen
*He was also a man who wrote a lot to his friends, family, colleagues, fellow reformers, and many more.
*Aside from all the prose he became known for, he also produced fine poems expressing the deepest desires of his hearts that no
essay, letter, or novel could materialize. It varies in many aspects Noli Me Tangere El Filibusterismo
*Romantic Novel, “Work of the Heart” and Book of Feeling Political Novel, “Work of the Head” and Book of Thought.
*Both depicts the true conditions of the Philippine before. Noli Me Tangere El Filibusterismo
Ghent, Belgium
*Savior- Valentin Ventura Jesus said, “Do not hold on to me, for I have
Not yet ascended to the Father. Go instead to my brothers and tell them, ‘I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my
God and you’re God.’”
John 20:17
Noli Me Tangere
EL Filibusterismo
*As a student of history, Rizal annotated the known book of Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las
Islas Filipinas.
*His method of annotation was by hand which made him spend a lot of time in the British
Museum where one of the extant copies was located
GENERALIZATION
Based on your personal assessment, are the writings of Rizal still relevant today as they were
during his time?
LESSON 10:
THE VALUE OF SCIENCE
*Science was not at the forefront of the Spanish colonial Philippines in the 19th century.
* It was merely introduced as a required subject to be taken to fulfill the much needed courses to attain a degree.
*It was clearly stated on El Filibusterismo “Reciting lessons from memory” *But in one of his essays, the “Religiosity of the
Filipinos” Rizal asserted that science is helpful in understanding the Creator.
*As a progandist writing in La Solidaridad, Rizal would invoke the importance of science in laying out reforms and in improving
the state of the country. *In the Indolence of the Filipinos, Rizal argued the important use of physical sciences to understand
current social reality.
*In the Philippines a Century Hence, he compared science with history. “History does not record in its annals any lasting
domination by a group of people. The existence of a foreign body within another endowed with strength and activity is contrary
to all natural and ethical laws. Science teaches us that it is either assimilated, destroys the organism, is eliminated or becomes
encysted.”
*In his four-year exile, he fostered fascination for conchology, estimates to be around 346 shells from 203 species.
Draco Rizali (Wandolleck), a species of flying lizard Apogonia Rizali (Heller), a type of small beetle Rachophorus Rizali
(Boetger), a species of toad. *Furthermore, he delved into archaeological, geological, geographical and anthropological studies
based on his correspondences with his fellow scientists.
*Rizal was also in touch with his scientific side and never relinquished his thirst for knowledge.