International Journal of Human Resource

Management and Research (IJHRMR)

ISSN (P): 2249–6874; ISSN (E): 2249–7986
Vol. 11, Issue 2, Dec 2021, 91–96
© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

ASSESSMENT OF TANNERY WORKER’S OPINION TOWARDS THEIR

WORKPLACE IN NATURE

SWATI YADAV1& DR. M. K. NAIR2

1
Research Scholar, SGT University, Fashion & Design, Gurugram, India
2
Professor & Dean, SGT University, Fashion & Design, Gurugram, India
ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to find out the opinion of the tannery workers. The study targeted Delhi national capital
region tanneries. As a metropolitan city and the capital, it was the chosen area for the research study. Industrial pollution
and its work station environment matters a lot in today's lifestyle, especially in terms of sustainability etc.

In the Delhi national capital region, six tanneries were selected and interacted with the tannery workers and
data was collected through questionnaire to understand the workplace opinion among them. The collected data have been
tested through the statistical analysis and found that workers' opinions differ according to the different tanneries and
their environment. The calculative value determined the statistic test. In this case, Fcrit(1,10) = 4.96 at α = 0.05. Since
F=60.8 > 4.96, the significant results at 5% level. Hence, it is being concluded with strong confidence of the two groups

Original Article
values differ, i.e H0 rejected and H1 accepted.

KEYWORDS: Tannery, Environment, Sustainability, Workplace & Nature

Received: Sep 30, 2021; Accepted: Oct 19, 2021; Published: Nov 13, 2021; Paper Id.: IJHRMRDEC202111

I. INTRODUCTION

The tannery and the whole system is directly balanced by the human capital. The tanning process can be maintained
and processed by the technically trained human being. The well-known technical person can handle the tanning
process in a good manner. The quality of tanning providers always has been set by human work group. The
competition leads the quality outcome especially in each level of the tanning process. Majorly there are two kinds
of tanning processes i.e. veg tanning and chrome tanning. In the earlier period, veg tan was the most preferred
method, and later on due to the huge demands etc. along with technical growth, the chrome tan method launched as
well. The sustainable tanning method is veg-tan and it is coming up again in the field. The foreign demands also
prefer veg tan finishing, especially in the European region. It protects the environmental culture in a better way.
Social and business dimensions directly propionate and strengthen the relations of civil community, workers,
customers, stakeholders etc.

Tanning developing process leads to producing skin into leather. The leather industry totally depends upon
tanning. Without tanning, the raw skin cannot be useful for any product making etc.

The chemical processing is involved from raw skin to leather finishing. Each level of work process directly
involves technical human power. The application of large amount of chemicals is required for drum tanning. A
small amount of chemicals is required for the pedal tanning process. All these work processes are significantly
determined by the ‘ph’ value positively. The complex and continuous different levels result in finished leather. First

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92 Swati Yadav & Dr. M. K. Nair

step involves soaking the raw material with dilute hydrochloric acid to smoothen the hair follicle. Second step is to remove
the unwanted hairs from the skin. For removing the unwanted hairs, there are two kinds of methods that can be applied i.e.
pedal method and shaving method. Once cleared of unwanted hairs, the next step would be dyeing. In this, the color fixing
and grain finishing take place. Very large quantity of finishing is done through the drum for uniformity of gran finish.
After dyeing leading to draying process. A gentle conveyer process for the conditioning of the leather. “Staking” for
softening the leather after the dyeing and drying process. Buffing has also been included if the finish wants to be like
nubuck and suede. Finishing of the leather for shining and appealing through ironing etc., and finally measuring and
packing into different bundles for the customer.

II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Elizabeth Olsen (2009) indicated that the amount of energy put on to finish the leather process to great extent. The
production of leather starts from the killing of the animal and tanning process, skin sorting, socking, hair removing, de-
pickling, dying, drying and finishing respectively.

Small skins are from dead animals and larger in size are called hide leather. The prevention measures from
decomposing with the use of azo dyes and chromium salts. Rinsing with diluted sulphuric acid prevents the leather from
decomposing. The bad condition of sting is a horrible part of the tanning.

Bill Bartholomew (2002) described that there are different methods of tanning approaches to finish the leather.
Veg-tanning and chemical tanning. Veg-tanning commonly used the traditional way of ingredients like, tree leaves, tree
roots, wood, cork, bamboo, turmeric etc. Veg-tanning is plant based and organic related Chemical tanning is the use of
chemicals for all steps, from the dying to finishing of the leather. There is a comparatively huge difference between both
the tanning process. The hair parts can be utilized for fur and luxury items. All the animal parts are utilized in business
ventures and profits.

Bradbrook (2005) mentioned that the consideration of monetary benefits should not equally compromise with the
environmental factors. Sustainability has to be considered and pollution avoided. Ensure the sustainability and profit,
people and planet must be equally balanced.

Lucus (2003) stated that manpower dealing may be changeable according to the different factors. The manpower
and its implementation improve the level of production promptly. It is important to achieve maximum results. Moreover,
effective dealing has a valuable part in the business venture.

Michael (2003) elaborated on the sustainable environment. Any such drafting for the human utility purpose and
for the future generation. Sustainable activity can be protecting the environment and its nature heritage inherent to ensure
social, ecological and health wave line. The European Union has a set of units and policies for environmental protection.
Amsterdam treaty also has their own environmental protection team. Health protection is the most important fact of the
sustainable environmental protection force.

In 1992, Rio de Janeiro conducted an international level conference to promote the awareness of sustainability
along with green environment. There were many rectifications and improvement indications took place. New invention on
the scheme of green environment, biological diversity etc. Framework on climate, environment development, sustainable
development, forestry, land management etc. As far as industries are concerned, they, especially tanneries, must adopt the

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Assessment of Tannery Worker’s Opinion towards their Workplace in Nature 93

pledge about the sustainable process fundamentally during leather production. The strong commitments urged by the
government bodies through the tanneries or industries to ensure as social responsibilities under the long term norms. The
leather production must be done in a sustainable, profitable way. The strong and reasonable responsibility towards
sustainability work process is always supported directly by the government bodies.

III. METHODOLOGY

To fulfill the objective of this study, the subjects were chosen randomly from Delhi regions. The age group of the subjects
was between 18 to 50 years. 200 subjects from each tannery in Delhi. These age groups were sub divided into two
categories. First age group 18 to 30 and second age group 31 to 50. So the total subjects were 1200.

By using the questionnaire method to investigate the tannery workers and their workplace nature.

This tabulated and interpreted to draw the conclusion towards the hypothesis of the study.

Figure 1: Indicates the 18-50 Age Group Data Ratio Tannery-Wise.

F-Test

While comparing statistical data set F-test suits to test the hypothetical concerns. According to the population the data can
be sampled and in order to identify the data set distribution which would under the model of least squares.The model was
introduced initially of Sir Ronald A. Fisher, followed by him George W, Snedecor develop the square of t-test model into
application model. The corrective and comparing the values by equally distribute through analyzing is the result solution
method which is popular in the field of statistical research.The statistical research and its involvement initially and vigorsly
involved in the year 1920s only.

In the collection of different data and its sum of squares by arising can be determined by the F-tests in the
statistical calculation in terms of proving certain criteria. It is the reflection of two or more scale based sum of squares from
the different variables or variable data. The distribution of data under F-tests must be the independent data or variables.
And can be scaled chi-squared distribution. The common variance of the data value may be distributed normally for
traditional test prove.

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94 Swati Yadav & Dr. M. K. Nair

The overall F-test calculation and its ratio would be reasonability experimented as per the responses of the factors.

Step 1: Calculate the mean within each group:

Step 2: Calculate the overall mean:

where a is the number of groups.

Step 3: Calculate the "between-group" sum of squares:

where n is the number of data values per group.

The between-group degrees of freedom are one less than the number of groups

so the between-group mean square value is

Step 4: Calculate the "within-group" sum of squares. Begin by centering the data in each group

The within-group degrees of freedom are

Thus the within-group mean square value is

Step 5: The F-ratio is

The test value can be determined. The Fcri (2,15) =3.68 α = 0.05. So F- 9.3> 3.68, it can be counted significant at
5% level and reject the null hypothesis and the value of expected group may differ.

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Assessment of Tannery Worker’s Opinion towards their Workplace in Nature 95

Table 1: “F” Test of ANOVA for Between Groups

‘F’ Test of ANOVA
"Between-Group"
For Age Group 18-30 Forage group 31-50
Tannery Y1 Y2 6(Y1-Y)^2 (6Y2-Y)^2
A 17188 17130 55012704 57140376
B 19448 18845 3538944 11277846
C 20788 20724 1963104 1548384
D 21086 20904 4541400 2840064
E 21375 21314 8059686 7233624
F 21945 21844 17936646 15902304
Total = 121830 120761 91052484 95942598.0

Table 2: “F” Test of ANOVA for Within Group

mean within each group= 20305 20127
overall mean(Y)= 20216
"between-group" sum of squares(SB)= 186995082.0
between-group degrees of freedom= 2-1=1
between-group mean square value MSB= 186995082.0

"within-group"
For age group 18-30 For age group 31-50
Tannery Y1 Y2 y1 y2 (y1)^2 ( y2)^2
A 17188 17130 -3117 -2997 9715689 8982009
B 19448 18845 -857 -1282 734449 1643524
C 20788 20724 483 597 233289 356409
D 21086 20904 781 777 609961 603729
E 21375 21314 1070 1187 1144900 1408969
F 21945 21844 1640 1717 2689600 2948089
Mean 20305 20127 15127888 15942729.0

within-group sum of squares SW= 3.1E+07

The within-group 2(6-1)=10
degrees of freedom= 2(6-1)=10
MSW 3107062
The F-ratio = 60.18

Hypothesis: There is no different opinion of the workers and dealers in tanneries towards the sustainability in the
leather Industry.

H0: There is no difference from the opinion of the workers and dealers of different age groups & different
tanneries.

H1: As per the survey data there is a different opinion of the workers and dealers according to the different age
groups & according to the different tanneries too.

RESULT

The critical value is the number that the test statistic must exceed to reject the test. In this case, Fcrit(1,10) = 4.96 at α =
0.05. Since F=60.8 > 4.96, the results are significant at the 5% significance level. One would reject the null hypothesis,

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96 Swati Yadav & Dr. M. K. Nair

concluding that there is strong evidence that the expected values in the two groups differ. i.e H0 rejected and H1 accepted.

The calculative value statistically determined the test study and the Fcrit(1,10) = 4.96 at α = 0.05. Since
F=60.8 > 4.96, mentioned herewith is the actual case. Therefore, the level of significance is 5% and reject the null
hypothesis with the confidence of tested values of the two groups. Henceforth, H0 rejected and H1 accepted respectively.

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