Criminal Jurisdiction in Ethiopia

CRIldl.NAL JURISDICTION IN £TiIlOP'''': ... CO.'dlll[.'<o;T...
RY ·
.... aobon AU ... s..u.., F....Jo •• 1 Lo'" RUle Sellooolo I Um...k.
(Ti," I, a..pl •• II, Se<tion ! .r ,ho P.... l Cod. ood Book I.
cr........ , .11<1 Bo<>k IV, Chop!" f 01 ,ho Cri .. iDOI Pro • ..!.,.. Cod.)
I. I_..u.mo..
II. r .... F;.-" ""'...,.,, p"",.,.. Sobjod.o 1/,. P...d Cod.
". I'r;~;p./ ,"';..Ii« .....
I. Pv",,",...bjod .. E,!.;o....... ",in<,pcl jariooIi«ioo
•. OJ/_ <_..,1/*<1 ;... E'~iopio
b. Oll.n«> <"", .. ,,,*<1 /«~;.n <""""," . .. in" E.... io~io

"';"";'"
'n •
<. 011 __ • <.........., .... in ~ / .... i"" """""~ by Edoi.>..."", ~'~I.
, ........ ," 0>0d b, .....bu. 0/ ,he !·th!o,.;.... od 1'..... "r..
I. u.. ... 'io ... ~_ .he ..-ciooo./ ",in<;paI ;W;..li<don
B. Sob. Wfiory /uriooli.....

L P ......'" ..bj«. ", E,~iopio' • ... ~Jid....., ;-,.,ji<.ion
.. 01/0>0< .. """,",,ltool ;... • / .... ; •• - " ' " ...i." ......._io"4l ' - or ""~
....ootI ",<kr
b. O~ nll_ <"",.. ,,001 ;" • /"..i ... ...........
<. 011_. co .... ;O:ooI .... /" ..... <oNuOlfy "'" ... . .bcr• • / ...... "......." ,.«•.
Z. Li .. ,......... ......", u.. ""........ 01 ",b.;./io.., ,;...-...u.:.....
C. s...........,.
l. p,""';p./ joqi>di« ....
I. s..b""...,. joqildi«;""
!l1. T.... s.ro...r ""'_, /",i>didi•••/ C ......"

.... }",iodictiOA _ 011"""",
,
B. L - ' l...u.lk.....
-..,
There • ..., ' ...0 clc~nl. im-olved in ,In: ue...,ise of criminal jur;..1;",ion
by the Ethiopian eou ..... The fir.. eLement deal· with P"'""<"" . "bje<:1 to ~',<:
P.....! Code 01 Ethiopia. All pe,..o"," l uhi"'" '0 the Pen.l Code of E'hiol.i~ .re
.ubj,"", 10 the jurio.diclion of the Eth]op;"" <:oo.1t, .nd they m.y be tried
here. for nohti",," 01 the P~""I Code. T;,k I. Chapt~' II, S...,'ion 2 ( Art. .
• n..!>'<II"P'* 01 thio tomm .... o, ;. to pwtide ""pl.o ..14ry ' " _ '" Iblo _ of
low ,,;. 1Iot -..<I to ho • ","",Uod .... l .... Oil .J! tho lopl p ...bkmo """ - •
•n.:.
~ It d.- Dot ....... '" 0 di_ .... D 01 _ ... d _,w., _rial.
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lI..HJ ~ tJ.e P.."aJ Code u ...... 10., '1"".lio .. of who, perM" ... ...bi_ \0
the pea.aJ. Cod ....... .1 he_ '0 .h e i ...iO<!ic'io. of the Ethiopi.,.. couno,.
Tb.o _ _ .I 01 ..""'.... daolo wi,h th .. judO<!;",jou of ",,"uIU. It mutt M
,Ieterminad whicb eourl in Ethiopia b ... juriodi"'ion to bear the <:ooc ... .1 in
whicb .rea of Ethiopia th<: c_ mu .. b., 1,iN.. ~.,~ ohould ,h.e 0 _ be trieo!
lodo.e the Hip Court .nti", in .o\ddt. Ab,.],o o. Ihe Aw...dja Court of n..br~
Berb"" Awr.djo Or the Wored. Coun 01 GueUcle Wouda.. Th...., qUfltiO ... ...,
oonud by Book I, Choptu 1 0 .. .1 Book IV. Ch'IM,: 01 u..., Criminal P'''''e-
~ ... e Cod*, (An.. 4, 6. 1 and 99.101).
II. Til. F..... Ek"",~,: Per __ ,,,,,,,~, to./oo P~""I Cod~
Whether or DOl .. petOoD ...ubi.,;' '0 the Penal Code dcJ>COldo """ (1 ) the
pJ.ee wh....., lbe oIfel>«: w., co",mi'to<!. ( 2) .h.e _.i"nal>t,.
of the ace....,.) .U<!
(3) .h. kind of o".ace tb.t b •• been ooll1JJlilted. In cerlain eIK""""""'" OR
.~ i. Mid 10 H .ubj..,. '0 E.hiopia" princi",,1 j .... iodic'ion: in other cu,·
c"DM\........ althoui;b be io BO'
...hjed. 10 Elhiopi.', pr-iAcip,1 juri>dicliOD,
be io uoid to be oubjul 10 Ethiopia" ... ".idu,ry juriMlic.""'. 'I'b. -.litio",
f . the neroi ... 01 juri><li"'""", dj.fle. depcu<!in5 .,,' .. helh .... the aocuoed io
.ubject .. Ethiopia', principal or ,ub,idi • .,. ju.iodiclion. MOil ",..ili.ontl"
wha ••• penon ;, .ubj"", to Etbiopi.·, principal juri.odiction, dioeb.r,e or
..,quittal in • 10.... iJD ""UQt.,. .lou not pre"en, • prooec:ution lor the oamc
ofIe II .... in £lhiopi., it ~_ ... if ... i. enly •..hj...t .. Ethiopia" ... h.idi • .,.
iUl"io<I ioti .....
•0\. PrilMi~1 J~ (P_I ~ At... 11_16)
Principal juriodietion exioto .. '" "" aoc"",d ..100 i. (I ) ch.r,.,d with
tbe e""",,,,"'ion 01 on oIf..... e in Ethiopia. (2 ) eh ... ,ed with u.. """'til........
el eenain off.,...,... .i_1 Elbiopia in • f<>nip coun...,., (3 ) eb.a:rs.d with
tbe ...m ......... of on 011.""" in • £oreipl CO",",,. where h.e poo.! ........ immu·
lIily fro... p .......... lioD by ~i:rtu" 01 hlo n ........ an Ethiopian ,,1f;.,;.l, (4 )
char,cd with the c"""m"'ion of ~r";n "ffeoceo in • fareip oounl.,. wha. •
...ember of tJ,e Ethiopi.n Armed Fort .... First We will .,ooaid... wben an • ..,,,.
oed i, oubj.." 10 Ethiopia'. principal juriodieti"n, ,hell we will cowid"r the
ooadit ...... for tb" ~ of prinei:pal j ....iIIcl..ti-.
1. P~ "'''~I to EIAOop;"s princi",,1 juriMficn-
•. OffGlal. comm,,1e<i in E.hiopic (Penal Cod ... Art.. 11, l!)
Artide II (1) p ..... ideo thal ,he Code io oppU.ahlc 10 ."y ~."'" .... bo
_lIIi . . ."y offmn ~ificd ia the Cock .... Etbiop ..... &elTit"'J'. T ....ilOry
....;... of 1....1, _ &lid .ir.
EXAMPI.E: A ...t;"""al .f keny ..... ba. Yioiti"ll Ethiopia, .Uc,edI1 '"I"'"
anothe, Kenun in .;01"";",, 01 Article 589. 5i""•• be .Il~
offenoe ...... eOl1lm;ned "" tho. 'urit"...,. of Eth;opi •. the
...,.....J ia ,o:>bj..,
to the Cod •• nd moy be Itiod i,. tho Etloi-
"Pia" .. ~ for •• iolo,;oo of .o\r.io\c S89.
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C • .,UI<AL J~CTlOI< I,. &'1'1'110""
.X~M"U: While • 5,",,&1> Airw.y> n;,l>t io p-u..

0'1'<0' !tloiapi. . .
5...u- aat;.,.,&l .bo.rd 110" flqlu .lJecedtr ......
110 • fel-
low P_""", ...100 ia • .100 Sud.n_. SiD« EWOop"" .ir
cp .... ia Elb.iopi ... <c-rritory, me .lleced offe""e ..... _
mitted 0 .. E,Mop;"" toni"'.,., wlt.ieh ... b;":" ,h" ...... ted t ..
the P ..... l Co:>de, ""d he ••uy be lI"i..d i" ,h .. Etbiopia" c..urtl
f~ •• iolottion of Article MI.
Certaill ~ ....10 .. diplom.olie officialo Are i ... ",.. "" 1<0'" .<i,.i.. a..I
r.-en;"'" in the country '0 whid> u...,- are accredited undou prinoo'pu.. of
r ....1k i.. l ....... ti .... '" bw . Su"h im..It... i.y i .........",io.ed .... de. Article II (2).
and • pc ....... -.;ariD&: thi ............ i'y i. _ ..... ject '0 the P.......! Code.. aad
1.10-. _ oubjeet to tIoe jllritdietioD 01 the Ethiopi.. _ ..
eXAIIIPLE: The amb....to< of a "WI.<ry.nth ...10.... t.Lhiopi. h .. dipJ..
millie: relni ...... r ...kJ.oIy df; .... h. auto""""n" ;.,. Ad.li.
Ab_ kiI!idt: &I> Ewiop;'n. Such _duel w .... ld _itul~
~ by "",1;.-....
u""",,," Article 5%6. Sin« und .... prm.
oipIe. 01 pub};" lM em.u .... al b ... , unb_"""'" .rIO .... oub·
jeet tt> the pcotll law of the co_try to ... hld, 110..,- a.re ....
eft>dited, the unbl"""'" m"T DOl be tried ;.. die ElhOopi...
-.110 for •• iolatioa of Aniclc 5%6.
11.. ~ ..100 10.. commi.tee! "" 011 _ i" Ethi.. pia .... y b ... ..,eceeofg]I:y
~:,
•••~~ -.I t.hm ref... ito I f<>nip _ry. h. ou.oh • _ d",: Etbi"",-
IQIIoo. i1.ieo.e din>oled mod...- Art;"1e II (l) to u.r-
IW Ull"ldi1ion. .. th.t
be .....y Ioc tried ..Dder Eth.i.",;lo ltrw. ~dilio .. ia tbe procao by ...h;"h •
~ ""ho hM ooommiued. ... ofl~ '" ....... _ r y and 10.. 10k ...
_ b . w ..,I<in>ed to lhe 00ltDU'f whue the 011"...,., w. _lIIi .. ed in ordeor-
inrftu.,.
u... he may Mnd trial .h....... U"lortnn •• d~. E1hi""i. d .... 0001 hue =t.-•.
d!lle.. treolie. with ...,.." ma.. y ~ .... ItI.i ... ond III"" eountrieo ,",ill ,,,,, ""rmi •
• ..,....... to be ulNKlited uttl",. Ih~ ia • trelty wilb 1M _,..,. re'f'l<!'ti.,.
cnradh..... That .. !:be law '" Et.hlopioo; ..0 _ ... ay be e1drodited fn> ..
Etl.kopla emoept ;". ~ with iDlernetion.1 . - - . R_. 1':ot.oI_
Art. so. See .... PeDd Code, Art. 21. I .. lipl of !:be d".- .1 dlr.dniM
'" tim Artidc U (l ) .. _likely to be • .,..,. effocti~.
1Vhon e:nrlMlitioD _ .... ob\&ilD<>d. !utld" 11 (1) . - - . d,,, 2tlti.
pi& otJtberiti... 10 noq.....t thol lbe ofleud...- be tried ;". !:be - . y of refll ....
11 tl!.at req'UUI .. honond by tbe eotmlty in whi<h lbe olfcnd<:r h .. tak""
.."".. ""d be i. tried aod •• quilled ~re, be """"'" be lI"i..d o,o;n f .. r the
__ e oUeuce it> Ethiopil if b" 10 .uboequeDiIy ."..,..,hoctded here. Tb .. ;" .100
lnJo if lUo ..._ lou bcca> ..... Iued the,.., or if emore"",_ 01 'he .....1eDe<:
.. h.rrod hy limiUlio ... PetLo.! Code, .~rt. tZ (2) .
EXAMPLE : A fon:ip ... lio ..11 .o.peeled of eomlltittin, ltolltieide in
Ethiopia fleeo to h.. h.."", _ r y . ...b...... be it &pprdoeo.
drd. HG • _ ... tradi1M. hu., IIp<>1' d,e ~_ 04 lIM-
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JOUON.lL OF E:rHIOI'IAN LAw - VOL. II· No.2
Ethiopia" .uthoritieo he i , tried for the homicide alkgedly

committed in Ethiopia. He io . cquitted and retu.". 10
Ethiopia_ Since he w.,
""'quitled of the homicide ch.rge,
he cannot he a~ain tried for thai off"""" in Ethiopia.
EXAMPLE: s...me f""to .. above eX«1't thot the Eth;.,pia n .uth"riti.,.

tnak~ no "''Iue~ that he he .ried in the country oJ: rd'l1ge.
On their own inil"t"-e the .uthoriti.... her.:: .pprehend him
and cit.r", hiro will. the homicide "JL:gedly committed in
Ethiopia. He i. tried and , c'I"Hted. Suboequendy, he ulUm.
10 Elhiopia wheu he ... a pprehen<led. Sinoe he ..... net tried
at the requ<>Ol of lhe Elhi<>pion ·,,,,h06Ii... , A"iele 12 (2)
" nol appliarb/e, and ~ the JC1>6ral rule", that peri!O'"
,ubi_ 10 "Ethiopia'. prineip.u juriodiction can he retried in
Elhiopia though they have been tried an.d ""'quilled for the
_me off ...."" in • fO!"Cip> country (p..... l Code, Artiele 16
(2), to he di""u...,d mOT" fully). he 1I1<Oy be tried .gl'" for
tbe hOlDicirk in Ethiopia.
Wh"", the offender h. , h«n eon.. ict.ed. folk>"'in~ a "'queot under Artkle
12 and I. .. ",",ed out hi' ..,nten.e, he •• »"ot again he puniohed in Ethiopi • .
But if he has be.:n convioted and loa. not umlergooe .any of the pun.,nIDen(
or has uooerg<>ne only part of it, if he i.o ftpp.ehended in Ethiopia. the rem. in.
de ••hall he enfu...,w in Ethiopi a p1"m:ided Ihal en/"",=ent of the pUDl. h.
,nent i . n<>1 harred by Elhiopi . '. I. w of limitation. Pen.1 COOe,.Art.. 12(3).
EXAMPLE: A foreipter b.. eommiued an offeuce ;n Elhiop;" an.! h. ,
fled to hio home COUDtry. where he i. apprehended. Upon the
'""'Iueo! Df .he Ethiopian authoriti .., he i.o tried f", Ihe off.,...
ce in h .. home """"'ry, ""..
vicled and ''''''\eoced 10 <me
yo",'. impru.onment. Before "",,·ing lny of the , eol.nee, he
eseapoo .. 00 fi""" to Elhiopi a. when he ;. "",prehended.
Onee .. i. proved that he WH .""le_l for the off"""" and
did not ..,rve any pa" of the ""'t • ...", he may he .=teDOO<!
to one year'. iltlpr'..,nment, providing that ""fo"""'en< of
the penalty "' not haned by limitation.
EXAMPLE: A fo",igner, who hu committed .heft in Ethiopia, fl""" 10
bi. home coontry where he is "f'il",hen.ded. Upon "''Iueo!
of the Etltiopjan " 'lthoriti ... he i.o tried flM" the oJ:f"""e,
eODvicted and """uJ:t<:ed to Ihree yea .. ' imprisonment, He
e••"p" kfme he h~, ..,,,·w
any p"~ of the .entenee. Fifteen
ye ... later he i, apprehended in Ethiopia. Under Anicle 234.
Pe....!. Code, .nfonoelDenl of " peoaily of impr isonment f or
mo", th'D one y.ar but I..... thotn ten .. eni"",i>hed after
leu y........ Sinee enforoement of the penalty .. barred by limi·
-0\.70-
Co:'... NAI. JIJRISU'"TJO" I", ETHIOPIA
talion under Ethwpian Ia"" he ¢"IOnDO' h" ...,qnir"ed '0 ..,rv"

the th ..... yea", i"'p,iMnmen' hen.
h. Of/"lUe. <"Ommi"~d in n !",ei~n <,""n") oj!.n .... £'hiopin rl'c...1
CO<k, A". 13).
This ""Iide c...."n "lfen"". committed in • lorei:~ count.ry Ill..,. hue the;'-
~r~ .iII. Etb.iop~ NOI. aU .ueh ol/'",e.,. lubi"'" .h", olfe<tdu '" 'he prirKi",,!
puW",,,.,,,. of Ihe £.h."p"", cour... Only the <>fr"ne", proMbi.rd by Artleleo
248-.272 (<>lfenee. ",ainot Ih" Emperor a"" th" Empire, Iety or u- ,hei, ..
gri.y, ""d olr""."", ",ain" E.I,lopi.n in.tilution<) and .hose p .... b.ibited by
Article. 3(,6.:182 (..rren"", against Ed,iopi . n curre""" aDJ oftic .. ] ~o101 .,,),.
i_ the offend.". to Elhiopi.a'. princ;p.-I jurio<\;ctlon. au< wb"" .",,10 olfenc ...
have been ,"ommittod, .he off"""e. ;. .ubj""l 10 Er:hwpi.'. prineipal juriocl.i<>
.ion wh"ther he ;. .n Ethiopia,. or • loreip> ....
EXAMPLE: In 0 forei~ country, a r....,ign na.ional <:<><LOp""> with Etbi ...
pion ""ile> to overthroow tbe Emp<':t<l. in viol.'ion of Artiel"
249. In fUl'lhe",m"" of the plo' he '].,0 conn,,,,{ei .. Ethlopian
currcner iD v;ru.tion 01 Artick 266. Si""e b<>th 01 th_ of.
I"""", are violati-ono 01 the Arlidel .peci.!ied ilL Article 13.
the 0[£=<1"" i .... bi"'" '0 .he prln.e ipaJ jU,;.dktiOD of Elhio-
pia aDd, if opp"'hended h ....c, m~y be tTi..! fO"!" a riol.tiooo
of th""" arliel",.
EXAMPLE: In a f"""';~ coun'er, a foreign "",;"...llne. 10 p...,..ent .be
pureh..e of Elbiop;.u, hnnda bein~ oflered t"" we .her~
by faloocly 'elli,,!! p",op""Iive pu,..,hs'CO lho, the Ethlopia»
doll ... i • • bout 10 be devalued. Thi> c<>DOlltul....... i"lotiOll
of Article 359. Ahbou~ ouch e<m<Iuel may ho.e a d"tri·
men •• l elf"". in E'hiop;"', .in""
Arlicle 359 il "", <>De o.f . be
Arti~~ ee¢ ,,,<,It
ill AnKle 13, th~ Q£fondu if 0<>1 ~j""
10 the principal juri:diclion of Edliopi o.
c. OJJencel commill~d in a fO'ei~n co~nfry by E'hi<>pu.n oflici~~
enjoying immunitv and by membe .. "I .he £.hiopiM A,n'M
Fo.ee. (Penal COtk, An .. 14. IS)
Ethiopian ofliciol> .are oubi"" to EI[,iop;"'. prineipal jurooiction while
abroad, memb~ of the Armed FOKeO are oubjoct 10 Ethiopia'8 principal jun..
dieti .... wit.h "'"P"'" to " ...... in offence. ""mmK'ed while ahr""d , 01lhou8b
with =p<><>t '0 c<:rlain other olfenoes they are "nl,.- .ubj"'" 10 Ethiopia'••ub·
oidiaty juriodiction. E,.eept lor th" ollene"" 'I'""ifie'[ in Article 13, o.b ...
Ethiopiono ~ abroad are <>DIy .ubjce. '0 Etbiopi.', ",h.>diary jur;"die.;""
al pT<>Yided in Artiele 18.
trDder Article 14, diplomatic, comul.r and o.her 80"errunen< officiol,

wbe. commit .n of I"""" in • f",eign ""UD'er for wbicb the, cannot be pro.
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JOUDIAL.~ En"OrlAI< LAw - Vot.. IT • No. %
oecuted thero bec.ouoe they .......... immWllit}' ..... del" principlea 01 in"" ....li.....1
_ . are ..h;ect to Ethlopi.·, principal juri.odiction .nd .... y be p~
lIer .. il the ollenee .. pun;.,b.bl" und". tbe Etbiopi.an Cod" (otber thaD. u.....
ell"n..,. opeoifi"d in Artiele 13. wbi~h .... y in .11 c _ be p<o_uted h"",) .n'
i, aI ... puni,h_b'" under the law of the country wben. il .... rommilted. I ..
... b ... wonlo. the oIle...,.. .. lUI be puniobah'" under ....u.
Elhiopiu> I... .,d
d.e law .. I the plaee of eommi.ion. If tbe off=<:e ia puDioh.b1e ~ u _
_ plaiI:M.amdu ft.M.- law. pr<>e<>ediDl' .... Y _ be ""i...led ion Ethiopia _.
I....... eh • eompJ.inl h .. been lod,od.
EXAMPLE: An Ethiopi .... "'Io • ....d"" ""....i ... h..",i.ide by _li",""e
in the ........ Iry ..'-e he i. """in&- Thlo 10 a .ioiaeioa 01 the
~ I... of the """nlry where be ...ud and ;. ..100 ...iol.·
lion of Artide S16. UDder printlpkoo 01. interno.liona1 1_
~a.d.. ,.. eoj..,. ......unity I .... m p.--uliOli ill tbe co"",,
01. the eoo ....,. wh"", u.ey are ......i ... SiDte the •
_jop imm .... ity ill the f"...,ip ........uy ..d .me., the - '
...,--60.
;. • • "'J.o.tioa of tile la ....I the pJaa, of ltOCIIJ>Iiaio...nd 01
!be EtlUop .... Code. the .=b··.do • .io ....j _ "'*'
Ethiopia'.
prir>r:ipa1 jurilodie1i'" aowl ...y bot to-i.d ben f.... ...,oJ.,;..,
'" Aniele 5:6-
EXAMPLE: An &hi""'... =b ...:10' eouoeo • pCNO.Il '0 ..Her ... -
..utul iIlj=!' in .he _ r y ... hue be .. orr.-iq. Thia .io •
..ioW..... of the la ... ..t: .he place 01 eo"""iNion and of An;"
de .5J9. UDder Arti.ele .5J9 (I ) ..... h on olleuce io p ........... ble
oolr .... "0"'PI.int. UDder tL. I.... of u.., pl.... ",.. m;"
..... ic .. p.....uJ,.able izt It.., .boe..... 01 ""mplIriot. No ___
p!.o..iat hat be.,.. filed. S-.. Ethi ..pi ... la-w .... <pint ....10
pro<>C'Odi:np to be i_itlOle<l by _pl.iD! and _ c ......1.ilo.
bas bee .. filed •• be .... CMI Jo.. .... .,....,-"...... I.... thio oU..x:e.
TIoe "'10 wonld I:o e ..... il • eoruplaiDt had to be filod UDd ...
tIoc 1_ '" the ~Iooce of 0>MDm"';""" thoup • _plai.l dHi
_ Io... e .. be Likd .....Jer Ethiopi_ la ....
Attiek 15 dea4 with o t l _ commiu.,d ab ...... loy .. _t . .
EtIoio!:>i ... Armed F....., ... "',..;...,"" d.e ..... Unlike oIfiei.olo -j..,.iac _ _ ~.
01 u..,
oM all oil......... ooauoiued .ahro&d by 11110...... ot the Armed F"""" .ubjooot

II>- .. Ethiopia'. priDcipai jUl"iod.iMio~. WiM", • --.... ..I tile A_'"
ro. . . ",... mica . . off.,...,. &&a~ !.h" oro.....,. l.w of .. loaip _try, 1M,
ia _ .uhjoo:.... Ethioopia', p"iJ>cipool j ...iodieti_. H" io IUbi_ to the .. rdiaaq
law ... d tenitorial j....oole.ioa of thai eo<n>Iry. U t.., """ fled .. £'hi-via - "
cnr.ditiOl1 i, ..... ",&Died, he i........ tried tinder the p<o.;';_ of <be Ethi..
p'" Code B".~ the e1ere"~ J. ",,,,;,ji • .,. juriodieti.. rl. wloido wllt hoe
.... u.ed ouboequ ...u,.
Wh ...... how ...... r ...... ember of th. Aruoed Fo,""", h .. --.......ilted _ olfen.
,........ IatenMtlo.al I..... r ......if..... U, lII.ilitAry ..fl .......Ioat io ....10,,", he
- 472 -

C1IM"".~ JllIUSD,cnDN IN ETll1o ....
h&a committed • yiolation of the oflene.. defined in Book III. Tltleo II
-
and III of the Speeial Part of the Code (Al"I:O. 281.331 ) . he N:maiDo .,,~jeet ""
Et.hiopi.·. prinei:pal juriodktion. .and ohall he tried by Elhiopian milit...,.
EXAMPLE: While ....ti<>ncd ;.. I lonip """-"try• • m"",her 01 Ihe

GNluud For~ "ommi", ~''''YAtc:d hODlieide 1~limt I f.,..
01. the f~ip _'1.

eip national. Since thio II an offence . ,ain.t ,h. ordin.ry law
be ;. .... t mhj"" to Ethiop..•• pri".
clp.oJ juri.t.Uotion and will be ,t inned over to the f"...,ip
authoriti ... for \rill there. If ho ooeapeo 10 Ethiopia and if
"PFd>ended here, he is oubject t o Ethlop ..•• oub. i<liary
jtttisdiction and ...... min! there it no clraditio ... he will loa
tried in the Hi,h Court for • riolation of Article 522.
~XAMPLE: While .fI.ti""e;l in I fore;,.. count.,., a mem~.,. of the Im-
petial B<><Iyguord ab""",. hin»el! wilhorn le.n ;,. TioJ.ti<Ja
01. Artide 301. Sinee thi. ;. • opeeif .... Uy ".nit • .,. offenu ..
w_
<l"'ined in Article IS, he rem.in> ....bjee\ 10 Ethiopia'. I'd...
eipil juritdietion and ..ill be ttiedhy the Ethiopian milit ...y
2. l,imi... r........ pon. Ihe e>;~ of prinei".,1 juriodkli"" (P"""I Cod..

An. 16).
wru.. a p"""" is ftbj_ to Eth;"pi.·. principal jnrl. <lietioon, thk _ _
th.t Ethi"", .. '" dle eonn''''mO" nfiuwl by the .negN (lOmmi.!.ion of the
offcru:o. Co~ently, Ihe limitation. imposed upon the uerci ... of ouh, ldilry
jDritdict.ion (where, by dd;";'i<m, Elhiopia io nol the "Oll1ltry m~ .dfected
.,. the wmmiMion of the off~), lYe not 'mpo..,d u~ the e:o:e",,,,, of pria.
ei:pol jurisdiction. M_ ~"ifieanlly, a pc"",,n suhj_ 10 Ethiopia', principal
iuriodietion, if found in Elhiopioo. or e:o:,...dited h"'e, llUy he tried for tbe
offen ... btte. .. helhe~ o~ AO' "" ••"" rrUnl in a fot~iE" co"n,"y 1M Ihe .......
o/fence and il "" ..... pied. ",he.her ,Jr "0'
he ...... di,<cI"..,~d M aC'luined.
The only limital;"n imJ>O""d upon the ""erdoe of pri...,,,,,,1 juriodiction .. that
wht.re the offender ha. been eo .... icted of the offence in • fOl'eign ""unlry, ...,.
pll1 of the ptmiohment already served .hall be d...Jue\ed !romthe new ..... tc:t>U.
In !hi. ""nneetion, ';t thonld. I.e not. d that where the ~ h .. I.eea
tried.,road It the re<fUnt of Ihe Ethiopian .",horili... punuant to Article 12,
he ;. DO longer oubjeet to Ethiopi.o'. prinoipal j"riodiction and Ihlt Article 14,
..hich 10.. ''''''.dy b ... n diocwoed, ;II1pooeo Cet1.;n Ii",it.tion. npon the . . -
ere of juriodietiou. .,..." gottm<uent ofliciak enjoying diplomat;" immlmity.
EXAMPLE: While in Ethiopil. a Kenyan ... lion.1 alle!"dly rlpeo .....
otk K~ID: He retu.... to KenYI wher.. he .. _pp",h_
<led. Be .. trl.d for the ripe th ...... and uqniued. He the:o
~ 10 Ethiopia. If .ppreheuded ,h e..,. he "'"y
be tried
fOle ...iolwon of Article 589, DOtwith.tondlnf: hit .cquittal

JotIa>I .... 0 .. ETHIOI'I.Uo"
.If_ . .
L .... _ VOL. U' No. 2
ill Lmyl, Si_ lh. oIlepd committed iD Ethio-

pil, ......... bject .. Ilthiop ..'. ~'-Ip.J j .........cti"'" = ..1".
Anlcie 11 (1), I...! Arti& 16 ttl pN'rid.o that the d~
'" Or Icquittal of ouch patoOOK ill • I ..... ..,u.ntry io DO b.r
10 • ~.id (or the .. me oHen« In Ethlop ....
EXAMPl.E: So",,, Ilets .. aM ......""P1 th.t the _-.I woo ~ ..nrioted of
Ihe rape in Itell,,' ODd orn_«Nl to three :run' imp.;...,..
m.nt, which be oc:n'cd.. U be io ........ leIed hero cd W cooan
impo_ the muimum ...- . . . of tOOl rean' im,...ioo_
... th .... loecI b" Anide 589, ;t ....... 6ed1M:t from the _"""
the Ihree "u", olreody ~ f"" the _ ofl ...... ;" """YI.
B. s..tmdWry luriMlkli«>
S..,..!dllry jnri.dillliol ... ioto .. \0 . . I.,.,.,...d ... bo i. (I) o:haI'~ with
oIf"..e... committed in • forei", COUIItry q.oin,t inttn:l&1;o...1 low Ind ....nam
olrene ... 1111n.t puhlic health or ",orl1t, (1\ ch'rg"d wi.tll. ontaln offene ...
committed in I Inrei sn ,""Unlry .,.ina!
Etl>iopian nationd. and (3) eharlfl'l
'With certain oeriou. of{eDo«ll _i\ted ill I 10«Iip ~0W>try l!ainAt ."y per-
...... It 1100 airto wilh .....pe:cc 10 Ethiopi... ehl"ed with ""rtain o f f _
IOOGImiued ia lorei", colUlllri....lId with ""'fM>"l \.0 ... emben of ~ Anued.
Toreeo who """,.. il off_ ill forei", COlIDlr ........inM the o.... in....,. JIW 01
that COnDIry, tnll ...ho ...,.pe
10 Ethiopi. (see the pri .... d ......... of Arta IS
10 p.n II (A) (I) h. ahoYel. A. we will ~ .helimitalioDo up .... the ""en:;""
0' tub.idiary juriodirtiooo, , ... ';.r;nifk.ntly dlff"""", from th_ im~ ",....
die ""ercHe of prinei",,1 juriodiction. Fi .... ....., will eonoida lbe dNum.ou_
In which. per--. It .ub)"", t" "Fthiopia'•• ub.::diary jurltdi<,l<m. Th"" we
....ill con,ide< the limitatjon. upon .h~ u..r<:''''' of ....Itoidl.ry juriodOoti .....
1. P.......... :rub~t .., E:!hiopi~'••"brill;.,.,. jlUUdlcrion
•. Of~ ~mmi!l..d
u- or u.....,..r..l...-der
in. • f""';~" _ ' r y
I Pe...1 Code., A .... 11)
.6'1...., .........n.-.l
UndeT thi •• nide .n
pertOn....1>0 commit .ho offenen IOpeeified herrin
ore rpbiect. to E.M""i.'. tub. ldl.ry jurio<l:etion ""~pt E.hiopi .... .,..jo"m.
~m ... "nity ...h" commlt the... of relic" in 0 f~;". fIoom".,. (t1:tey no: ... bje-ot
to Ethlopil'. prineip.1 jnriodietion nndcr Anido 14) .lId m~ben of th.
'A rmcd "Force. wbo eommit yiob'iO<l' of Al1ideo 281.331 (they no: ""hiect. to
Ethlopi.'. prineip.l j ... ioc! ktlon unde. Anicle 15 (2) ) . .1100, penon. wbo.re
.. ,h}e<:1 to Ethlopi.'. prindpol Juri.diction nlld.,... the proyi.ioDO of Article l!,
01 coaBe, ..... DO' IlUbJe-ot to Ethiopia', ..umm..ry ju.udieUoo.
Any penon who, in • fouip. """"try, h_ eommitte<! ... off..... '"«fJn-
Udcm.tionlll.w Oil' ID iDle ..... t;..,.,.1 off.,...,., tp«:ified in FAh ..... i ... u:platiOll
.ff_ . .
or 8fl«incd in . " i!ltcml,ionaltrolty to whid! Ethiopr. II... dbercd iI_joct
to Etbiopil'.... Midi....,. jurioclietion. 0 0 _ aplaoI intcm ......... b ... an
th.e probil>it..d lIy Articlco 281.!/.95.. Th. other ."..,d .... ben
- 47 4 -

would Ite fOUDd in the qw..tion in ~ l'iepr;' G..-.. .nd lbe .....n... to
... bieh Elbiopia I•• pany ,hit IDcorpot'lIl.e pe .. al pro.isi<w>l.
EXAMPLE: Duri~ a civil war In State A, one .ide inlerm.u forei~ .....
11onalo aI 00""'" and periodiuUy ",,","uteo a .. "",her or
u....... 1'bia eonuilultA a wu crime apinot the civilian popu·
\at;"'" in viol ..;..,., of Article 282. Sinee tbe Penal Code tldi·
.... lbio .. aD off"""", a.pin>1 the I.w of nltio .... the penon>
""""""ible for tbe takiDfr and u«:utioo of b~eo ....,
...loj.oot to Elbi,,!>Uo.·, .uboidi..,. juriodicti.on and IDly be
tried be.re lor a ";olarion of Article 282.
m addit;.,.., peno:ms who. in • forei!" «IUDI.,.. h • ..., «Immiued CeTtain
offenoeo a,aiD" public hulLh or moral . . . .pecified in Article 17 (I) are
oubjeec to EII"o1';""o ouhoWiary juri.odid:ion. Theooe oU.,.,.,.,. H<' 'be ..101.,;.,..
of Anicle SIO (... r<><>tia), Article 56? (a1a.e uod;",) , Artkleo 60;..606 (Inf.
fie in w~, childl'e.D md ,..,UDfr 1"'........ ), aDd Articl.eo 609-610 (01)0<..- 0'
iAdec<:nt p.u.liea1.io ... or perf0""'" ...... ') .
EXAMPLEl I.. State A. a ~ procureo a yount: woman to e"'l!"'" in
prootitutiOD. Sinu th .. 10 a o1ol.ti"", of Article 60S. that
~ . . ."bj .... to Ethiopia'....boid....,. jurisdicti"D Old
may I.e tried here r.......io!.t ..... pf Anicle 60S.
b. 0,1>8 "/ferw:u co""".rted iA • fou;p COt..".." (1'......1 Coo.,. An. 18 )
:u. order for a perooD to Ioe ."hj.... to Ethk>pi.'• ...boid ...,.y jurndietioa
wsder du. article, two condiliono murl be soti.ned. FilOt, the act for wlrieh
he io elta.poi m_ be prohilti.ed ,"y the law of the _ wben: it was commit..
.«1 ... d ,"y Ethiop;"" 1a.w. S«.mdly,.be a'" mOlt I>e pf 'Dfficien'! ~nity ""der
Ethiopian bw to juotify ""'radili",,,. ID "rder to d.;termin .. whetMr .h<> act
,. of .ulfieien. pa .. i.y to juotify ""traditi"D, the ""urt mUOI look to aDY enra·
oIitioII. 1eps!ation ""d whateYer -.liti"'" IreoItieo Ethiop;. may ha ..e. If 'he
.... io ertraditahle UDd~r the pro";";""" of ...y of the tn.w. .... the I~S"la·
' i ..... il ;. of ... ff;cien. p.ity to justify _radition within the meaD;"! of
Article 18 0) (h ) and Ihuo ...,bj..... ,he .eeu.ed to Ethioopia'. oolKidia,.,. juri.-
d;.,.,;-.
Then: are two'n><" of .i.uatio... _nred by A ... ie1e 18. The f int it when.
the erim~ it conunifted m a fo...,i~ <:oUD'''' either 10, a f"mll'ler IsaiDol 10
J:thioplm oor hy an Ethiopian. It it 'hi> .it",""0<1 ,:,,,!,=h ~e ~ha.1I ~~de.. first.
m order to ..u.jeet the ..,.,....,.j 10 EthiopUo 0 00.10.,,11..,. J~~t><>n. it to only
we,,, a.,. tha. the .,.,..dit;.,... me~ '0. p,..,..,.....J:r. be ~liof~. Aa 1""1;_
tbe offence u 01 onff ici_ vulty to Justily _radit,on. " ....,...,u the off...·
rin Tn Elhiopia'••ukidi....,. juriodiclion (il prohib ited hy the law of the pl.o00:
. f OOODDliM ..... and Ethiopiln law) ;"""pee"..e "f u...
poniahm ... t that is
auth<>ri.lled. Tb.e queotiouo to be med in .... h • .,1".ti"",..., : (I) Wal .the. ..f.
f ....,., ""mmitted in a foms" COUDtry a!a"'" an E.hiopiOl or by aD E.h,op."';
- 4 75 -

}O.,."'AL OF ETHIOPU" Low - \'OL. 11,1\'0.2
(2 ) it the off~ .. ce prohibite<l by .he I.... 01 the <0""',)" ..-""~ i...... COD:"lli,tet!
aDd her: ~thiopi.~ l.w; ( ~) i•. the offence ~Iradi'ahle und~r ""y of Ethiopia',
~ltadI1'O~ In:'~leo Or J.;s"I~"on. If the arn"'er to e.cb of the ,ru.,e que"ioo, i.
,n the all""""ye. the '<:<:lL"Od i. ,ubj.,.,. 10 Ethiopia', oub.idi.,.,. juriodiction
.nd ....y be tried here fo. the con"""i",, 01 the orf"",,~.
EXA!oIPLE, I.. State A. a ''''''ilP' "'''onal i"luotionally op.-...do • com,
",uni<:ahk dUe_ to ... Ethiopian. which it • ,;"Io,i_ ."
ArticI.. 503, Tbi. i. not prohibite<l by tbe Ia,,' of SIO.. A.
Since the a .. io not prohibited by the 10,,· 01 'he ploc. where
it w .. d"",,- that PC""'" i. not .ubi_ '0 E thiopia', ... hoi.
diary jurioodic:'i"". The .. me would be ,,"u. if tbe 0<:' Wet •
....... miued by .n Ethiopi.n. ei.h~r 'I.in", anothe. EthIOpian
or .ph..... fo""i~ncr_
EX AMPLE: In S.. te A, • 10reilP' D.I;o ...1 «>mmi ... homicide io the ..,.
eot>d d,,«''''' apin.. an Ethiopian.. Th", ... viola.l"'" "I Arti.
cle 523 oDd 'he 1...· 01 St.", A, He fie... .... Ethk>pi •. whe-re
he io apprdt..,d...J. Ethiopi. d ..... DO'
hove .n t>XU".di'ion
...... ty with St.'e A. It doe. hove an ~t . .di.ion trea.,. wilh
SI,,,, B, UDder wh ich hom;"'id" in llIe -oond d~srce ;. on
ext. .dil.hle off.,.."". The ..,.,.......\ i. ,ubject to Ethiopia·,
-II.lMidi ..... juNdic-tion .nJ m.y M tried here 10< • ,",oJ.·
ti"", 01 Artiele 523 .inc. I I) the oll~ w"
""",,,,itled
,pi..., .... Ethiopian. ( 2 ) th~ .... ;. prohibiled both loy
the low "I the p) .... 01 commiPiOll lnil by EtIriopian bw
o"d ( 3) the ... i, of ...,£lid"". gr.vity '0 juotify ex.,..dition
under Ethiopi." law. The UD>e ,",oul,1 he lru.~ if the ..,
....en: eoromittM in • lo~ipo "",un.,.,. by .n ElbiopUtn who
.. Dot oubjeet 10 E,biol'i.'. priocit.ol j,\rio.d;""ion.
n.e _ d Iype of ' ;'nllion c""ered in Artide 18 it ...... commo.i"" 01 a
'"'t"1 ....iou. o' f"""" m a larcip """"'try hy • IGUiP""'. TI>e "",,,,,,,i .. i,,,, cl
.\leh on act. by • ,,,,,,iP""" apiDOl ""yo"., in • lor-eip> <>OWI.ry rujedl bim 10
E~biopio'. juriodiction if (I I tl>e .ct i, I'rohibited bo,h by .be law of , be
.llte of eomm;'ion and by Ethiopi_ )..... 12) it ,. ntroditabk under Ethio-
I'io.n law "rod (3) it i.o p~n;'~Gh[" under E'hi<>pUrn I4w hy d~,h or "8"'""'"
imprifonm ..... fo r no' leu .h"n ~n 1""'" ~ ....,.,nd .; ' ua.ion then dille ..
b.>m the lint in Iwo respec'" (1) i , it n.o' ....,.,....". .hat the 011.,...., ha,..,
Ioeen committed api-t an E' !Dopi .... 0,,<1 (2) it i. """,,')" thot the oil.,...,.,
it oullieieDtly .. riow .., tha~ it ,. pu .... h.b"'- und ... E ' hiopian I.... by d_b
... risornu. imprUoouneDl '0.-
more Ihan I.,., y",ro..
EXA MPLE: In S ..le A. a notionol of Ihal ""unt,,. CGTllTnil. &lP"u.1<'>d
bomicide '~Iinot another State A national. Thio it a .. ioJ.tioo
of A" i<:I" 522 and io prohibiled by Jh" law 01 S.at" A. U.. der
Artick 522 &3~.va'ed homw,iM ;., pw>i,hahl" by Mgh Of
- 4 7(, _
Cu."L" .... }tlIIlIDICTLO" "" ETHIOPIA
• .,.,..,... i"'p. ;'o_eDl I... life_ TIw "f(.......k. n.- .., E,h..,.
pi&, where ~ if .pp .... ltended. Undu ... alr.dili"" ''''aly
with St.1e B . ".....ted Ioom.d"" if In ""t,adi.. bk of(et>co"
The offende, . . .u~jec. '0 Ethiopia', ,ub,idiary jUl"iMli~.
tion a.ince ( I ) .he..;t" pt"9l1ibile<!. both by the Jaw of tho
pbe<, 01 eomm'.lon ... ~ by Ethiopian law. (2) it ;. ntro
ditoble under Ethiopian I . .... . nd (3) it 10 punWtabie UDd~,
Ethiopi.n I...· b)· ,[ ••• h ",. ri~rouo imp.*mtnent for lil•.
e. Ol/c_ co ... ",i'~ in • ,on.il" co,,,,"," by "' . ...bu. 01 ,II. Armod

f'<wcu (I'...."t Cod~. An 15 II ) ).
When a ....,mher 01 the E.Mopian Anned ro ..... commi ... i .. a lomp
........crr &D o.If"""", --'DOt tbe ord ......,. 1a... of thai COUnl..,. ..... if "'" ...0.
jec:t to Ethiopia', priD<:ipol juriodic:cion. But be i.o oubj_ \.0 Ethiopia', oulo-
.idi.ary juriodictioa, aDd if .......vp..wen<led be"" he ""Y be tried undu
Ethiopi_ law. It is impo ...... nt to r"""...,ber th.t he i. only ,ui>j"", 10 Ethi.,.
J' ...., ... b. ..H.ty jll.iodiction, .~ tlte limit.tion. <>l1 the oxero.ifol 01 .ub,idi......
jurl6diction dilfer I .... m tb_ in.poo«I upon the ' ''<'>l"Ci", of p.incil"'l inr~
die"-.
2. Li",iur.;-. 11._
ATU. 19(3), :!O) .
d ... u~d~ oj ",blid;.,..,. jurWk.ioft (PeIWIl c..d.e,
Undu Ar.ide 19 (3 ) i. if p ...... i<kod .b..

the pun io.bment ilDpoooed und<e<
I.be P_I Cod" wh"" the <»urt '- ne..,;'i", .... b.idi • ..,. jnri"'i<:lion •• b.1I DO'
......-i th" beaviet! ponUty preouibed by the 1a... of .he counuy whe,.., rhe
"Ir...- io oommitted, .., l.oo>t; a. ,loa' C_dtry" is r""-""P'i...ed by £,tbiop....
EXAMPLE: In S••• ~ A. which i, "'cognized by Eth iop>a, • Stat<: A
".tionol cO'IUd,ilol .Ur.v•• ed homicide ......., ... Ethiopi.,,_
oft....,,,
... ltioth i . proloibited by u..., law nf SlOt" A .. well ..
loy Artiele 522. SlO'. A b.... boIithed upit.1 punoo_.
and th~ _"imum puni.~ ... thnriMld f.... bomicick bJ
State A la.. io lif" ''''pn-rncat. T....,.."ore. ohb .... ,," Artie'"
522 ... II>o.i_ the impo&ition of the deo-Ih """"it,.
in c _
ol .U.....,ed bomieide. I.... E tbiopian """n Un .... 11 i",ro-
I _tence of Ii' " j"'pri.oonm...,'.
Aztlele 20 deoJ. with the eff«t of fo,,,j5" trial ... d oen-. Wb"" a per•
..... ia .ttbjcct '0 Ethiopi.·. principal Ju ... diction. :it h" .. tried and ..;quittcd
... a '"",i", rlOw>try f .... tlu! offence. lb~r. ;, no b<lr to b .. tri.1 for the.."..
0.I1ux. ... Etbiopr.. But w!.ere • I'U-' io only .ubje<. to Elbiopi.a·~ ouboi·
diary jariodkttion, Ar\kle ro (I ) provide. th.t the .....- """,.." be tried in
Ecltiopia for lhe olf...... if be ...., di.>eha'1ed Or ..;.... itted ' or the ...........
in a foreip 0<>U2rtt"y.
- 477-
JOtllt""'L OP ETIlJOPtAO'I LA ... - VOL II _ No.2
EXAMPLE, ~ military 0l'uUio,.. in St.te A, a St.", A ... tional

_d a memb.e. of the Elbiopian A.",ed Fo~ all"tledly
ban mgaged in I_ins. BOlh are nptur...J.. triood in S'OIe A
.nd ..,qu~d. Wh= "-ilities a.e ended, both ,..,Iurn to
Ethiopia. where they are app",b""ded. Tb.e State A .... 'i"".1
. . .ubject to Ethiopia. ouboidi.,.,. juriodictioa und.,... the
provioio". of Art;,,!e I i (I ) . The Ethiopian .. ""bi_ to
Ethiopia'. p.mcipal j .. riodictioo under the provi;;iol>/l pf
Art;"le 15 (21. Sine<> the Ethiopian .. .ubi...:t to E,hiopi.·,
priDc;paJ judood ic<ion, he "'0,.
Ite "ied for a .. iob\ion of
Artlde 285. I>Ot .. ithu.... ~ tb.e ..:quittal fo;:r the •• m" of.
lUlU in Stale .-\. Si""" the Stote A nl>\;"u.1 .. only ~ject to
Ethiopia'....""idiary jlU"iodiction. he may IlOl. b.e ttie<! q:am
for .he .....e off"nce in Ethiopia.
n ....
the oHeruJu WH tried and _.meed in a fo.e"" coumry, but
olid undere" an,. or all of hi. pW>iolun .... , it .. provided und .. Aniele 21)
DOt
(2) lh..t the ",,,,aini,,, put. if "01 barred by IimitatioD, ma,. be .... fo1"Ced. m
Ethiopia. Thio .. the .. me k",d of p.ovnion a, io contained in Anie1e 12 (3)
where the Ethiopian a ..thodliea bave requeated .be trial of o.n oUader mb-
jee! to Ethiopi.·. pri"dpal iuriodiclion, and be h .. been tried in the forei",
country m ... hich be hat takeD ",Iule. The pr«io ... diotu";"" and exo.mple.
are equally applicule to Article 20 (2). See II ( A) (1), abo.".
3. OIMr- .... lter.• rdcrillg 10 t~ u<!rcue of ."b.idi~N i"riod;.,tion tPMol
Code, ArL 19 (1) (2 ' )
Artid.'l 19 ( I ) seta fonll ecnain p......,mptiom ..·itb r....,...., '0 the oondi·
tioono "'OMl'ry for: tho CI"",i.e of .u1>.idiary juriodict:ion. Where the fil"", of •
complainl by the rietim is a eonditi.on lor pr..-ution and uial .ith.,.. unu",
the 10... of the plaoe of commiooioD or under EtlUopion 10,.., il i. p.Mumed
that ow:.h _plaiDl w.. Iodced. It io aloo preoumed tho.! tI..., offMd.,.. i. m th.
Empire and ha. DOC been extr.dited or that if he ,.... enradited. il " ... loy
rou<m of the offen« ~ommitl.d. Finally, il it p ....umed that the off"""" w..
not leplly pardoned .... d ,h.t p",","",,'ioD i. DO' J.,arn,d nDd .. either the I.w of
o.he place of ""DlmiosiOD or nnder Ethiopi .... la ..... Tb_ pr<"'WDplio ... een b.e
rUUt'<l<l.
}...tide 19 (2) prooridet tbal prooeculions wbere the -"""" io • .u.j«l '0
Ethiopi.'. w.idi...,. juriodieliOll .hall be ;""ituted by the AtlO ....."..c..neral
after -:ltatioa ...ith the Min ..",.. of J .... i<:e.
C. S"m......,.
1. ~~l iurUdi"'''',.
a. T~ IoU"""", ptTotRU ore ."bjed '0 ,lie pri1JCi~1 i"riMiicrion of
,Ioe Ed.iopi<>n <"Ourto :
- 478-

(I) 1"'roo... who have cOlllm;u.d oftenctlO on the territory ol
Ethiopia (Art. ll);
(2) per...,...who in a I.,..ei~n oountry have eommi\ted the offen-.
..... again" Ethiopia tlu. • ...., prohibited loy Article> 24&-272
....d Anicleo 366-3-82 (A~. 13 ) ;
(3) Ethiopia. "ffiei." ""j~yin~ immunity who in a fo...,ipl
country hue eommiUed aD act JW<>hibited loy Ibe bw oJ
thot country and by Ethiopian law (An. 14 ) ;
(4 ) memben of the Elhiopiln Armed Foree. who in 1 fompl
countrr have committe d r.he oJfen.,.,. again.! intern.lion. 1
l aw and tI'e "I'eeifically military .,ffeo"". that . re pr<>hi_
Ioited loy Articleo 281-331 ( A..... 15 (2) ) .
1>. The lol/cwillg p1;t><;iple. arQ II'f'/iaJble .., .he ""'~'" 01 princi.-
pel jlU'wi<lio .. ,
( 1) diKharge or acquitlal in • fore;~ .. "",untry .. no • • b.r to
1.... '10 ..... pr.-.,ulwn in Ethiopi a """"1" ,,·he..., the p"non
w.. uied in a {"...,ign country punu",,'. 10 a re'lDe>< DI.de by
Ethiopian authori.ies under Article 12 (Art. 16 (I ) (2»;
(2 ) where a petlon hu uOOeq:ODe the wbole or plrt 01 punish-
ment for the offen.,., in • fo",ign counlry. u...t portion .h.U
be deducted fl'Om Ihe ~ imp_d by lb. Elhiopian
""uno (Art. 16 (3) J.
2. SubM;"ry i~'io"
L The 101l0",,;oS per""" a,.., ...b~, I<> ,h. ,,!b>idi..ry iurlfliicti""
..I tlu. Ethiopi~n coW'u:
(1) ...,mher. of the Ethiopian Armed Fa,..,.,. who ba,-" com_
mitted in • {"",ipl oounlry an offence ogoimt the or~in ..y
l.w af that country aad who have toke .. ruuge in Ethiopia
( Art. IS (1»;
(2) any pen<>II who in a !o<ei", country h ... committed _ el_
fen"" as.h"" internalron"ll .... (A ....... 2111_295) or.n inta-
n.'ionll offen.,., . , ,peeified in Ethiopi.n legiol.tio .. and
treat"", or an offen"" probibited .by Article. SUI. 567, 605,
606, 609 and 610 (Art. 17);
(3) any peroon ... 1>0 in a forciJll couutry ha. «>mmitted In of_
feD"" .,ai....
on Etbi<>pi.n national or an E.hiop;"n .. at.i<>nal
who in • foreign cono.try Iu.o committed an .-,lfenee thu doeo
not aw.ject bim to Ethiopia', princip.l juriodietion. provi-
ded tha, (1) u... act is an .-,lIenee under both Ethiopian
!.... -.I the llw of the pia"" 01 ....."miMi<>.. ItIld (t) the
-479-

JOu....AL 01' ETRIOn....... J...... _ VOL n. No. 2
offea<c ..... ut •• dil.O.ble one ~ ELbiop,- law ( An.

18 (1) ;
(') '''Y J>U*'D who ill • fonip oountry h ... committed All 01.
Ia:!."" u...1 it puniohable und... EIWopi..., !.ow by d~th Qr
riFo," impr~e'" for DOl J.... than len y""'" provid.d
u...1 (1) the aet it an off"""e under b«h FAhiopiau law
and the law of the "I_ of commiui"", ... ..1 (2) the offence
it aD ""I.adil.ble 0"" under Ethiopiall law (Art. 18 (2) j .
b. Th. loUotcin. priMpl.. a', appliuW.. '" .he ~ 01 _bMi4ry
juritdk"-:
(1 ) the p"nj'bmfttt ImpDMd "'aU I>Dt be ........ on..... Lb... the
hoaY;"'1 pwoithmmt preocribed by the law of ,"" pbee of
""""",...ion ( Aft. 19 (3 ) ;
(2) di .. harg" or acquittal i., a fll... ign COlllltry P'*"'I" lunhet
pr.,..,.,u!lon fllZ the •• m" off....,., iu }:thir l> i. (Art. 20 (l ) ;
(S) aD offender who hal ........ ed ""Iy p<l.t 01 hi. -.",.,,, in •
fonign """lItry .... y I.e ..... tto<:<!Ml to Ift"fe lhe um.il:ode.
of the ..... 1<:...,., iD Ethiopia, if enf........",,,,,, of the pullioh-
_ io DOt loaned hy the EthiopioD law of llmil.O.l;- ( Art.
2il (%j.
III. TIo. 5«on<I Ek"",,,,: }uriMlkn- 0/ C .... ,u.
To delumlDe wru.:h ()Ourt ill Etlt;.,pia hM juriodietioD to bear • parti-
cular crimi",1 ""'"'" il .. .,""""'...,. (0 .,.,.,.ider ( I ) ... h" ~ of courta boo
juritdiclioll to bear the c ...., i.a., II II 10 be tri.d before Lbe Hi, h Court, the
Awrod). Court .... lbe Woreda Co"", and (2) in whot ....... of E!hiopi.a the
.,..., 10 to be tried. Tbe liM quOllion i. referred to M ODe 01 juri..dietion 0 ......
off"""" .. Lb. """"nd it. rd"e....,d 10 .. "",. of loeal juriodletloo.
A.. /uNdk/i(Jft...- Ol/mcu ( Crimuw ~. Code, .(,1.0. 4., 7, 182 ..,.d
Fi,., Sclo.iul. ).
An.de ,<II the Criminal P....-Iur. Code prorideo lhou the juriodictioa of
CCI<IN oyer ofIe_ is to be Oelel"miDed in .....,.d..ce
with the Fir... Scbe-
dille appended 10 the Codr. The Mint.l« of JIIHi.......1 aller tJ.iJ Sebedule
by OI"d .... publithed in lbe Ne ... il G.oeota. Jo:rmic<ioo oyer offenoeo io allo..
cou.d .111 ..... the High Court. lhe Awradj. Court., the Wored. Courot <lIl<I Mili.
ury Court.o.. In order to dele.."i"" ,,·hieh court lu.o juritdiclioD ove. the off....
.,., the pr.,..,.,uto. Ahould .,.....ull tbe t·int Schedule with .eI.....",.,. 10 the
Aniele .... Artic'" of the Peoal Cod. under which p...,....,..llon .. hr(IUlht.
EX.(MPLE: Th" ."""oed .. eb....ed "Wit!:. breach of tnut in riolaUo:n:t
01. Ankle 641 of the Pen.o.I Code.. The protoet:l.".. ol",uld
......u1t the Firat Schedule, whido pio,ideo thot ]>a , ....

Cam,'.A.L JumlIDICnON IN ETHIOPIA
lor riol~tiOll of Artie)" 641 &l'O ,n be br""'sht in the Hish

""'rt.
When. the p,..,..,.,ution ;" 1<lOr
all off"".,., not <lOve,""" in 1M P ..... l Cod",
•. s~ ~ riol~lion 01 ~ .uh""'quent proc:lamllion publi,hed in the N~saril Cueto,
tIM j ....iodietion of the court d"f><IDdo "" the maximum pen&lty tlLat em be
napooed for riolWon of the ,."'. Where the pes>ahy does DO'
~ICe<:d .hue
y - . of rnnp)" imprioonm_ "'ith or "'ithout fine, the prooetutiOll .. to be
mrtilulbd in the Wored. Court. Where it doeo no. ~d five ,...aQ
of impri-
'""""'eDt with or without fiDe, pro_utiO<\ .. to be irutillttod in the A..,..dj.
Court. Wbere the maximum p<mally .. in UC<IO. of tbe above, pl"Ol«l<Ii"" ..
to be iDotitu.od in the High Court.
EXA.MPLE, The aoeuH:d .. ebuged with the riola.ion 01 a proclamation,
the maximum pUDiohmem. f.,.. which;' four y..... of impri_
......,.,.... In the opim<Ja of tho, proootcntor tb.eTe .re mitip·
'In& ei1"<:1llI:>OtMM>eO, .nd he doe. "'" pl.n to uk the court
to impooe a _.nce of lD<lr~ .h.n one YUt of .imp)" 1m..
prioonment. Sine<: lhe ~alty olUlwri::ed for the offeau
u~ thre<: yel1"O of imprioonmem ... d doe- DOt """.,.,d
fife yu,.. of impriooomeDI.. "",_uti"" .. 10 be imtitutod
in the A .... adj. Court.
It i. p ...... ided in Ankle 7 that courll . h.al.l exercioe appellate j .. riodietiou
iD. .,.,.,...Jance with the prorioio ... o:f Artide 182. Under Article 182 there ....
'wo appeolo in uiminal ~ ...... c:<cq>' where pzweculion .. inotitulbd ill the
Il~ Court. Wh .... the .ue ;. inotitutM in 110. W",ed. Coun, an appeal
li.. to .he Awradj. Court, _cl .. n a:pJ.>U1 from Ibe deci-oio.n of the Awudja
Court !>eo '0 ."" H~h Court. WI,e.., the cue i. in.titu,...! in the Awrldj.
Court, .... "f'pe<>! lies "" the HiSh ColUl, and an appell Ii"", from the doc;"
m.,., of the HiP> Court 10 the Supreme Imperi.1 Court. Wber., the
luted i .. the Hish Court, then: i .. of coune, only one appeal, 10 the Sup...,me
e_
i. iDoIi·
Imperial Court. It ohould he "",ed that uooer Article 183, .n applioant ...100
hao ..ahau.ted I, .. riSht. of "f'l"'fIl untie: An",1e 1!l2 may .till petition H..
Imperial Majeoty'. Chilo! for a ...... iew of tbe <:Me.
B. Local JurUdi<:Wm (Crim inel Proc<J<J.u r. Ctwk, A,.,.. 6, 99.107 ) .
Local juriodietion reI... 10 tbe flUfI "I Elhiop;" in ... bieb .be Cl"'" .. 10
Do tried. U juriodic:tion aver the off"""" ;. in the Aw,adja Court.. the q"_ion
.it in which Awradja Court the particular 0.,"" it to be tried. A..icle 6 prorid",
thol tIM eourto ob..t.II eu..,i.. loc.l ju<iodicliOll in .ee,,,·lI~n ... with the proyi .
• ..,... of Artiel.. 99-107. Th~ S....... a1 principle. embodi..d in ...... ic)" 99. ;., thot
cvery offence ,hall be tried by the coon .... ithi .. th.. iocaliimitlt of wbo.le juri..
dieti_ the off....... io c:onmilled. In th .. eoru>f:diO"ll., .. he", an off"""" .. triab)"
before the Higb Court, ",bieb now at. p..-manently in oome 01 the proyin",•.1
ea.pltob, the Mloeallimi.. of whooe ju r i.odi<:ti"..M obould be intupretod t o _
- 481-

JomN"", OF ETH'O"''':< Low - VOl.. II_ NO.2
... ithin the l«al llialt. .1 Ibe rroyince in wh",h 'he Hi«h Court i. IIlt.IlIi
fhuo, an oil.,.,,,,, commilte<! in Gojj.uu !'ro.ince .Iu>uld Jo., brO"Ah, helore th
H~ Coun ,ilting in Gojjo.m Proyi ... " ,,\her th.n Hlon the Hi,h Coun
.i!tiD); in Shoo Proyince.
Wh."." aU the oper.,i." ey"aU in.ol~ the .t£.... te occurJ""ed "WithiD Ih
jariMIiclioD 01 the court in wbich it io '" he trie<!, there i. no problem. Tb,
problem arioet ... b .... ..,...e 01 lhe ope .... i• ., facto occurred w;'run 'he 1oe.ol
liJuito of the juriodicUon 01 th" mor" then """ <><>urI. Th;, ~.u •• ;on ;, ..... e.ed
by Arti<:I ... 100 _103.
Under AnicJ. 100 it i. prl>Vi<le<! that wh .." the ..,t which cauoed tho harm
08C\U"Ted in one juriodioti"" .nd the harm reoulting from the .<1 occ"rred in
another, lb. o1f ...."" nlOY he tried hefore either the court ..·jthin the limit.
of wbo.e jUl"~kti_ .he act took place or ,he court ,,·>thin the I;.." ... 01
... b ..... jurio<iic'i-.>" the con»eq1lenceo "",ultiIII from ,he .,,1 tool< place.
EXAMPLE: In Bet:emder I'ro.. i...,." ,"" .ccuoed pr"1'a •• d a ,hipm1:<l' 01
pciOOfled fruit 'D d oen' it "" the ,·idim who """d"d in wj'
jam Prorinc<:, j",.... ding tbat Ihe .iClim .bouM be poi."".d.
The yiclim died .. a ..."ult of e.ting the poillOl1ed fruit. The
.......-.1. may be tried fer • • ;"I.li"" of J.nide 522. P .... I
Code, either before the HiJh Court .i!tin« in Be«emder Pro-
..-;""" or belore tbe Hilh Coun silli", in Gojj.", Proy;...,.,
Certain .cl. heeom" offe""". by re,"'n of thai. relalion 10 other o[fen",,"""
!-'or example, Ar.ieJ" 449, Penal Code, prohibi.. IOliei.io~ another to pn fal..,
""timony. Thi. oct i. pUDi,bable, bee.u ... il can induce the commi.. ion of the
offence 01 perjury. Article 101 proyide. that whe.., .n .el i. an offenee hy
re.50n of ito relation to anotber offenee, a eh.rs" of the finl "",nl;on".!. off"""e
m.y he tried by a eoun wilhin Ihe Joe.1 limi .. of ... hooe jnrio<iktion .ilber
.ct ..... done.
EXAMPLE: In Ha ..orJh" Pro .. i"ce., the _"oed permadeo anolber

peroon to ~i'·e r.h" ,,,,I;mony in •• rial thai i. t.aki .., pi..,.,
in Shoo Province., and tbat per..,n doeo ,iYe f.a.. "".imony,
V>ol.atioM of Article 449 au Iri.ble belo .... the HiSh Court.
Sin~ th~ aC' 0/ the .ccuoed took place in H.rrorshe Pro-
..inoo and.he acl conotitutin3 Ihe re!o''''!' off .... "" took place
in Shoa Pro .. inco, the accuot:d .an Jo., tri"'!' for. riel.lion
of Al"lic!e 449 hdo« either the Hish Court .ittins in Har-
rargbe Proyince or the HiSh Court .illin, in Shoo I'rorinu.
Articl" 102 deaJ. .. ith the ,ilua.ion wh",e, in the hrGlld _ the pi..,., of
offen"" i. "n""naio. Where it i. f..,lually .....,.,... in in ... hich of _e ..lloool
.re..... offence wo. e,><,"",itted, Artiele 102(0) proyide. thai it ....1 be lIcie.i
hefore the ""un in .ny of the \o.c.l ........
_482 -

EX AMPLE : Th~ ..,.,u""d i. ch&<l~d will, ,he ahduclion of a minor in
violatinn 01 Article 560, Penal Code. Such offen"". are
t.riabl~ !>eIMe Ihe Awr.djo Cou.t. The child cann.,. ...,men>·
her eIactly where he w .. at the time ~ I lhe abduclion, lo ul
it .. d .... Ibat he wu .,ithe. witbin the lim i.. of Deb...,
B ....h.n Aw<adja ,>r neb ... Sin, Awradj •. The uc .... d ",ay
be tried belore "ilhor Awradja Court.
The ....... e il lrue where the offence io committed partly in One 1...,1 area
awl partly in _olbcr ( Art. 102 (1,) ), where an offe""" wntinue. '" be com.
mitted in "'ore than one local area ( Art. 102 (,,) ), and whe..., an oUe ... e eo".
lio .. oJ dilferenl act. don" in diUerenll""aI areu (Art 102(.1) ).
EXAMPLE: Nco< the horder belween Sboa and Sid ..... o Pro,·;...,.,.. the
..,.,uaed. 'lra.. bi, victim three tim,," with a club and then
dr,&, him acrooa the border into Shoo Provine<:, .. h e re h.
&trike. hin' a fourth time. The v;"lim di ... aft ... the fou.th
Iolow. The aee"..,d m.y be tried for homicide before either
the HiSh Court ,ittin, in Shn, P ..,rioce or tbe HiP. Court
.ill"" in Sida...., Province, oiD<>C the offence w .. I'artly
committee! in Sbao. and partly committed in Sid""o.
EXAMPLE: T he ..,.,u""d, ""ntra..,. to law, .rr..... a perlOn in s"ndafa
Awradja and takeo him to • poliee ... tion in Shena Awrodjo.
The illq:ol ""train' ""n,ti.o"," a viou.ion of Article 55?
P""a1 COOe. Since the illeg,1 , ....... in, COt>linued wb"" the
victim w .. taken '0 the police .... ion in Sheno Awrodjo, tbe
,,,.,uoed may be tried before either Awradja Court.
EXAMPLE: The .".,....,.1, livin8 in lk,emder Province, ..... d • • letter
I, om tbere to • peroOd lividl in Shoo Province, .t.ting that
he i, entitled to certain properly poooeooed by the other
pe,,"on. 'floe .".,,,oed comeo to Shoo Provio« and obtaioo the
property from .he victim u a '''""''It of the r"~cl,,I<:Ut mi>r ..
pr"""".... i".... Thil oond"", "",,",itute> a violation "I Article
6~. Penal COOe. The ofience con,i".d 01 the ... ritiD~ of ,he
froudulen. leller ond the ,""ceil" 01 the property •• a nluh
..,1 the froudule", ",i'repr_ot,'io"". Si""" the " ·'i'in5 01
the lette' ",",,,r,,,d in BeJemder Province and the receipt of
the property ",",,,ned in Shoo Pro..inee the ,ccu..,d i. tri.bl~
belo.e eithe" tI' e H iSh Court .illin~ in B.~emJe , Provin...,
or the Hi~h Cour, lillinl in Shoo Pro,·inee.
Wbere an oJleooe .. eort1mino;od while Ihe qffm<le:r io in Ihe ~oune Qf per.
forming. jOlU"ney or voyoSe, Article 103 pro,·id". th.t the oflender m.y he
tried by any cou.t throo~h 0' into the limi .. "I .... h""" ju.i..!i«ion eilhu the
of lender, the victim <H" the thinl o!o imt ,,·hieh the oflenee " ... committed pa ..
- '83-

Joval<.u. OF Enl'OP"''' L..w _ VOL. II· No.2
oed duri,,& the COUne of I"" jo..... ey. It i. not tleeeMary tbat the DIf~r>nI WA.
committed in the j .. ri..Jietioa 01 the court 00 lon& •• the offender, the viet;'"
Or the thin& p....,d through tbe juriodiction.
EXAMPLE: The ",,"uoed and the viet;m .... e'" ~rr. on • b...
that paMed through Cuell., Arada, Keoben • ."d Oureal
Wored ... The .""uoed bo.rded the bu. in Cudlo 'iJ'oreda,
_u1ted. the victim and kl' the bno, .11 ... hik it \Va. .till in
Cudla WoredA. The victim """ti,,!led oa to Ar.d. Wored ..
SiD<:e the victim pa""" through And_ Woreda duri,,& the
COur'" 01 ,he journc:y, the a""uoed "'.y b.: tried 10. a viola·
tion 01 Article :>54, Penal Code, in either the Cuella Wored_
Court or the Ar.d..o. Wo.ed. CoOlrt.
EXAMPLE: Good. "·e", lo.ded 0" a lorry in Debre Sin. A,,·radj •. Tile
lorry continued \hrou&h Debn Serh... Awnodj_ ... d .top-
ped ia SheD", A....... dj •. The a""uoed alk&e<ily commilted
the theft of the good. while the lorry w•• OIopped. Sin"" the
""""" wac in ill three Awr.dja. durin« the cour.., 01 the
journey. the &C<:u..,d m.y b.: tried lor a violation of
Article (31), Penal Code, iD &Dy 01 lhe three Awradja Court.&.
Miele 10-1 provideo tha, when an offence io committed oUlIide Ethiopia
on &D Ethiopi.... bip or aircraIt, il i. dumed 10 bave been committed i..
Ethiopi •. Tbio artide doea nol .peeily in ... hal ~a Ihe C»e io triable. However,
Ar1:ide 101 provid ... that in .be e ..... uooe, Article 1(J().10-I the public J>l"'*"CU""
tor ahaI1 <k<:ide the ,,<>UrI in whidl the ebootEe .h.1I be filed, aad on the filin« 01
the ehal.e. the court in whid> tbe char&" io filed .h.ll have juriodieliOlL In
other wonlo, whe.... the c....., i •• dahle in mo,,", .han one court, the deeioion a.
10 ,,·bere the ea.., i. to b.: tried 'ella wilh the puhlic proocwtor.
EXAMPLE: An ollenee triable belo.e the A .....dj. CoW1 io "",m..,.;:t1e<l_

all Ethiopi&D .Airl;n... pi...., while the pl~ io firine o~"r
th" Sud a". A ..umin~ the """u..,d i••ubject '" the P .... al
Code, the c ..., can b.: tried in aIlr Awr_dj_ Court in Ethi ....
pi. ill the dioere.ion 01 .he public p •.,...,utor.
Auicle 106 dull with cha"&,, 01 venue. Thio i. the pt<leelO by ... b.ieh, for
nlid reuon .. a c""" io tr.nlle."'d lrom one court hnin& loul juriodictiOll '"
"",other "",un. Applica.ion lor _ cba",e of ¥cllUc ",uot be made to the H"h
Court. The tr.Dd'er, if the .pplication io Itan1.ed, m ..... Iw: to a court .uu.o.ized
to try the off...."" .. nder the Fint Schedule or 10 the Hi&h Court it..ot.lf. Thu ..
if IlCCOrdin, '" the Fint Schedule the cue io to be tried in the Wo.<'>Ii. Court,
the High Court may tralloter the c.'" to aIlother Woreda Court or m.y hear il
it.df, bll' it ....y Dot trUlUer the cue to an Awradja CoOlrt. Tbe orde' of the
Hi&h Court VUllin& o. denying the appl ic.tion i. not .ppeal.ble.
-4&4-
ArtJ.de 106 ..,to forth {our .ituatio... in ... hicb tbe Hip Colltt may"' ....
the application. They are (IJ ... ber. I roir and imparti.1 trial cGnO' be held
I.. a ouboNiDate crimi"al court, ( 2) ... bere a queslion of Ia... of unu.uol diJ.
'Icully illihlJ to ni.." [3 ) "'bere .ueh In oroer iI .. euoa • ..,. for the sen~oI
_i~ of the partiN or ... i",.1OU o.od ( 4 ) ... here oueb 0.0 ord.r i. ape-
dieIn for the ... <1& 01 j ....li.e Dr i. requkcd by o.oy pn»'itioo of the Criminol
Procedure Code.
EXAMPLE: The &CCUtetI it cbar,ed ... ilb th. thefl 01 a widow'.Iif" ....
b:Ip. The theft b , •• ,u..,d sre" r .... ntmo:nl in tbe IfU. The
occuoed e<>DlelId. that b. "'.. oome",bere elx at the ti .... of
the oIl.sed offCDce, bu. that witn_ ... bo could .... ify '0
!hi. lact will no . . . .Iify 011 bdoalf 01 the """UM:d 1>«.....
tbreato ban: been .... de aso1aot u..,,,, if they 00 . . . tify. If
the Bi&b Court beli.,.... Iblo, i. can o.de. lb...... 10 be
triod "'on: o.oolher Awndjl Court or . 0.0 bu. the u""
!todl.
F.XAMPLE: The...,ooed. i. ch ...,ed with I riol.otion of Artide 613.
Penal 1;0<1., ",bi.b probibi... be pabUc di.pl.y 01 ... ilinp
lha. '"'.I;;".oIa •• undodr ... the """uol tn •• ind Su.h .......
M
arc tri.ble before the Woreda Court. Th. def.nd", .....in·

•• ina thlt tbe ...... riol di.pl.yed did no. M.limol.te undolr ...
the ... ,,11.1 i .. rtinct~ "Withi" the ",.aninl of Articl. 613. Th.
... im .. luc .. , undoir the ~ instiDCI
M
inlel"prebtiOll of M
....y ."",tilnte I qu ... ion of I,... of 1I"...u.1 diflieulty, .nd
upon .ppll••• ion. the H i~h Co ..... ""y decide .0
bu•• be
..... itoeU.
EXAMPLE: Goocio lo. ded on • 10,.,.,. th. t p ....d tbroup n eb.. Sinl.
Deb .. Beth... o.od She .. " Awrldj.. were alI.,edly ••"1",, by
the a.euoed "While Ibe Imck ...... topped in Sbeno Awr.djl.
The publ,. p. o",,",utor ha . ..1""Md 10 r.t. the <:bar~ .. in the
Dt:b.e Sin.. A ...,..dj. CoUll. The . .. ttoed ODd IU the ",ilne&-
_ .... ide in Sbeno Awradja. Upon applicltion, tbe Hi~b
Court m.y d""ide to t ...... le. the •• .., to the Sbeno Awradjl
Court OD .he ",ound thlt tbi. i. Dec......,. 10' u... .on...,,,i·
.nee of the ",il""'" ond lb ••"""oed.
Article l06 (d ) " ... the Court the di" 'etion to order tr • ....,~ in anT otbe.
proper • • .., or whe", another I'''''~i.ioll 01 the Cod. would indicate tbot trill
i" a plrtieular ..,u •• i• • equi. ed.
Fm.n,-, I"O«U"""
fer n-i................ are to be brou~1 befo.. the <>OUr! that
p.OH<! the o<4'r>al ...... n..,. uncellati"" 01 ",blob i. no .. oouSbt. Crimiaol
P...,..,d...., Code. Art. lOS.
-485-
JOUL~'AL O~ F.TH10~lL" LAw ~ VOl.. II • No.2
C. Su--:y
1. Tb" j1,U"iodltdo...., • court ~• • partieul ... <>ffeno< i. opecifi..t ill lbe
Fin! Scbedule , .. \he Crimiul P~ure Code. Thi. Khed,,'" deler·
mu- whel:hu .be tare 10'0 l>e •• Ied I.. 'he "lih Coun, Aw.-adJ. ~.
W...-..d. Court or &liIiu..,. C.."..u ( Art . .n .
2. Ordinorilr.... olfenu i. '" be 'ried at the pl.ee wb • .., it i. <ommilled.
that it, i' it .. Iriobk bel",". the Awradjo Court, it .. tri.ble befDU the
A-wr.dja Court within Ihe 1"",,1 lion;u af who!e jur;..!i.otk>n n ..... com·
mitt.d ( An. 99).
3. In the 10U..... inS dreum."' .. c .. mote than on" coun ha. 1",,01 juriodi.,.
tion. Th" d""i.ion a. to .he (ourt in which the ch.r,e..... to be filed
rOlta with the public I,ro_u'or (An. 101 ) ,
o. Where the oct ond co ........, . _ occurred ill dilfe,,,,,t juriodictio... ,
tbe cborse moy be filed in tbe court in wbooe juriodidJon eitber the
.et Or the CO ..... q.......... oo:nrrM ( An. 1(0 ) ,
10. fte.., an .ct to AD off~...., by 'e....n of ita ..,Ia'io" 10 ODOtber or£eoee.
• .bor", for tbat ollenee moy be liled ill • <oun willli" tlte loeol
limita of wh.- juriodictioo "ilb". off~"u woo commiued I Art. 101 ) ,
c. Wh • .., it it un.,.,noi" i ....hicb of _rol local ..... a .. off....,. i.
COIII.IIIitted, whe .... " offuu i. co",milled portly in o .. c Ioc.ol "'"""
and p ort1y in anotl,er. wbe•• a .. off....ee i. continued in OIlOtMr ]""0]
or.. and ... here ... olfenee con.; ... of .... er.l a.to done in different
local ........ h e .ho.~ n'"r Io~ taO<! in o"r _u" .... i .. Wi".i.diC'-iMl
o... r ony of the Iocol ,.., •• ( Art. 1(12 ) ,
~. lVhc.., tI'e olle"ec i • • o""";.,,,d while .be offender lion a journey.
tbe ehorae may be file,1 b:fo.. any court th.ouSh or ill.o the I""al
limlto of wh ..... juri"'i.';oa the offender, the victim or tbe thill.l al
'" .. bt.h the aff~ w .. """"";tkd po ... ,1 in .he .... u.>e 01. tJ.e
jountcy ( An. 103) ,
e. An ollmu committed ahou.I . . EtbiopiOD ,i....,. or ship . utoid"
the territori.l limi.. 0'
Ethiopia i, triable belo ... <oun in
Etbiopia befo ... which trial 0' tbe p..-ti""l..- 011"""" i. pro~
'''y
f An. 10$).
4. Chonse of ven .. e may '" ordered in a<.ordo ...,. with tbe !'.o.i.;on. of
Article 106.
- 486-
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hi\. ' !Bn'/;' q.. 'r. U.,.I.IC-l-, q. ....-r ' r1-(lm '..-,11"'1. "
h:('rh' 1'1... "",. 7"A ~

11+4.,'l' ~U\, ........ 11.' f.}.iiCht' t'ih"l r -,-UC! t'ih'1 ' -l-9"uC-r' 11.-1'
( ~h-A.t) -to"}.
11 ... ,....,/,..1:-' hH-'~9'"f' ",'ot' t'''''II1-Vw- r q.--r, f .....6-' ,,-\-"} ,

MU.... w- 'fih"l r -l-9"uC-r ' ft;f-"f1 ' ( .. h·A-I;) t'.....(,. , },C'-;lf '},11-
1'i • t'....,fI,....' {J1:A. • "",,,",1; , '-1'1;1" j'.(I.,l1A" -""1I1""1.\L'r ' f"'l. ...
i\.h1-19- r }"I.' ,,-.-rNtl' n-"}, h"''''mc' f!ji!)'!, ' q.."'. 11;1=,
(lU'") J i\.~' 1'I1C' 1'I,fJl1.9'l- ' (lfJA.' mw' 0I'"I1IQj, , w-ll'l" f-I.
m+n--r' "''i-r' }"I.' hm-f!';r' fll""" '''''''''fmc' 'iflD- ~
14C ,;t~,.,., r !itf~i!' 't. .,... n,W' -l-'ruc-r' (I.-'!-' t<f.I1·A·!:) 1-"
"ft1J(,"-'!-"- r h...,!Ij'.~-'!-' f;f--tl. ... fm-"} 'f-l-'rue-l-, -rc-.,(,..,.., 1It.",---l-,
i\."'T."'(,1m- , IJt;:.A. ''''''('9'::f., fih"l''-llhe'/.Dl'f'-l-, r""'llm-r ' r-l!
tID('1trJ-' ,"i.7 ,,....., , r'c't-l- r 1-t."''l''hA ~ n,....~ , '''co"", , "'j'. ' II·"
1"~1D- , ""It- ' 'rl71D- , MIl.o'I"f ' ~C1. -l- ' tr'i A' ' .,flC ~ I"~ , 11111-r ,
hr;:..,.V ' M"'.ff-l- , fotflmlD' , 0II11'~" r fr.~iiCllt/D' , ~"MC ' fI"'U'
'if II>- 'f'rllhe' "l"''''"} , '(1m-A' • "1M'l' ,.,..... , "'I"-r '
h"",,{.
'P'fw- ''rC'l'' ..,. .... -l- , .... t:.II;')., j'.r.... A. "
"Ic"'oe.,;f-fm-r r f"'l.il-ti\.II>-"}' "'~'1'" I " ... hI'" ;
h.-l-r-*"f ' 11111'r I m-ll1' ' n-'ioe ' ftr~ , f"'l.1h-('. , .n., I
},.... -l- , i\."i\.-l- , flll.t;:.('-A I 1111.11;J-,..... 'I"' ~ ~1C' ." , h"}1. ,

ih1' , .,.lf11"A , .... m"} ; fih., , QIl'l"1sPl-, flWIIC;:l'fw-'i '
nr'(.-fl.D- , flli\.m\-''-' r-f-m'i4>4:' .... tr, 'hflfJ'fl.D- ~ fih"l '
....lflfA' 1'},1C' -lflfA' f""'''~'' r'I'''I_~; ~w-"
II-'I'h;')., },I.O-.,.l-" ....l.i\."'j , flP'(.-'r , rc ... , (l1l>"_~
II., , .,1.;:1- , )1.0-" f"'l. ... t:mID-9" , .n"" , h·,....,{.~· , 11(.-
"I'f1.O- , r'(.-'fI.O-"} , h"'UflAsn-' "'I]I1A' )1.0- ~ ••• fl,lr
l-r ' j'.tI" ,-111\. , h'~I1.,.1t ; .,.M·; rr~'I-{:"I(l-l- '
'1m-" O~Cl1' '1..'" m-I'I1" f,l,." ~.,(" f"''f'fllt-l- I h..-'H-
- 4 81 -

klt11"n' mn.,l-, ....-c, ~-n: ' ILIf') , -;1=M ' h<;hofl. '
""LI\"f') f'"U.I'JQ)o, .oU+' f"'!.1T-1ZI-') 'fnilm ' nf!
1fT ' ~'M.11' 1U1'f'",'vn-'ilo} ,.,11)- -If,,",r, n-1'J1VIl-o-,
~~:fti, ih." hhlll'ltl"'l-' n~ , !til'"*"'C' n-,T;t':fQ)o'
"1A.,II-;t':fID- , +.'0}, Il\f<;A._
... ol."11' P't,., "", t\.".,A ' OlD" '/nLA.'A. _ f~+th'
f!m.c' t.o1j!fIIi'" 0.,.(-<;, Mt<-Tr' ihff '~1f,.ILII-' n;r
C,,-, I .,..... tu:" I o""""IP'+ , f,·t:hll~+1 'h'f'}(l-, P'b '
",. I f"'IJID"":f1D" I OlD"' lJ"1"'f.' tJ'B: '~m.£l- ' n .. ,
t.<tbfto • . , , nwuc+' t,..'l'fo-1 ' n.,l'\"7i'A' iI'1t\.~" '
fr;t'<tcflo+1 ' h1A.,tt4 ... h'lf7i"'k\A ..•• "
MILU!'" ,rCT' ..,.,,+. nOli-fto I fih") , ""'~1 ' 1\."""'1+ ' f"'!.
!tll-A I fj)ID-<t-l- I Uf!-l- ' -,:;< I fU'." ' -n ' fI.,Uj!+ I fP'bQ)o,
L.~"'l- '(~LI"':f) iI .... tn ' !fl11 ' 'lit., t o.,,:..~ I If)ffto _ tJhCn-f.
-l-A , '1..11 ' j!!"'r: ' "tlllhfl10+ ' "....., , ~l.n ' _,:..ItS'" ' 11rl"':f-; I L"
(l£l-' t\..J'.l.nn-l-' f"'l..7':'" r1f-l-, ' fI.,n1,-l-' nnl"':f, 71.r.,0}1' fI-
flmT<i I a.,;J-!fm-1r ' " .... mn.» , +illl- ' n+,,;.oj!' ih., , P'C' f"1..t.ll
J'."" I 11':"11'>' n+c I oFl', O.,,.,T<;I Of,.tI;t', 11."'"", 11\.-';:,,:f1D-')1 1.:J"1
_CD' , ( h .... ,:.. +m- ) 1A~ 'l'A • f.1Jo1 I h 1 X. ' '.h"11 I ""''le<; , h1'l11 I 71.1
J'.ILv-I"" fJ\l.M-1 ,",_<;, '+111(\1\11 ,-11'>1' n"tJ'm--t' tt1'l-' f+
u;.oj!<; I f..,.ll~ , I'JAU'., , o.,.c. IIf-l-:;<o:<-r , u-<;'r' h1C' I1.tI"1 'ih"1'
P+llftoM ' Q""'1?'l 'ft.J'lft"lA' hS'-"fAV-" ft;",.,HI , MA"JIl-+',·' ft"-
to'>"" , A.,+ 1 iI.,;,.,nt-<f<;' f.riltlJ ' I\./J)o<'(' , iI"1J'...."I ' Tnbr.
iI ....Lt..r' f"tJ'n:fAs ' tllII+cr I IIIU+' iI"1k-~' fol.., 'AX"1+ '
f.,.I\'I' 'Il~'":;''' -I' llil.l\. ' O.,.C I nf+1j<~, h1C I ; " , , -nile') ,
1\."'1: ' (IL.,CIl) 1\f.l-A?".
tlnlLV ' n+.I\"<f ':>t.1\. ' P'''I'L' f.).'iiC(lt I f"'tOmlD" t W 'fA.,
IIC+ ' -l-hllil:;<, ,}".,Q)o' h1ti:1' f1m-'I'''''''' 'f"1r::f<;, MILU1?" ,
:f'1r:l- I iI-'hanJ':' f+0)0"-+1' 7I.crJfl"'';ft;, f,},." -Iv-' IIILU'
""'f]C' L.1Jf: ' lilCD'1 ' },,11'111 ,-,tlm'l'+ , .,m- • MILUI"" f-j! ....t l
I"':ri I '}....;t'+ , lIi'ftf' 1Jo).;t' lOll!} , ~~iiCtlt' ID"hT' iI-P'b+' iI;t'
f,.,:...,CD" I}-f,' I fM.rr:, hJ::'<;.f;+1 '1LJ'i'~A11 ....;flr1 'nILU '''J'. '
""iI~ , In(\;t-m- t ",f,.i'ft"tll.' 7I.1J'."UmCflOS, fJili'fl<f.' .,OS.
- 488-

I1lJ-fl..,.iJ<1D- , 'l-+ , ID-ll'f' , rwue+ , "1:"1(~" 1\.t'1+ .. ,
(I) f1"7.ll' 'J.ll ' +rue+ ; Te-"J""" , "'lIi·f.+ • q"LIIJo , ~ ...+ ,
c:o-o",' "V'll''''; q ....+, f"''+' 'H"'IIC-"'; f"'tfl'l'IJo)-, l',h"1' -'lTlI.."
T~t.9" , ..,.,.....,: .. IlJlIl9" , Tr."!t.9" ' +'If..e, lI-1I"1 ' r"'tLlI111Jo ,
l·rr-;J- , +MI. , fll , ~1It- ..
,;rllD'''' ro-lI+1j< ; Ujf' +rIlC+ 'L1>'I'" ~,.}, ftl."1 ,:,~u
C+ ' 11.-1, , ...,.u""') , n.• A , """I.m.!'o<f!+ • "'fot ' +'Ill. ' -Afl ; lI... fI
tn+, ...!J!A.... ' fh')"'1l1.lIiJ<' "ffto;'') '1''''.....III1C' "'rn)iJ" , IA-',',) ;-YfI
~ .. , Il+~"'t:r' nolo"ll aolo1HI , hfl+.Il1.C ; f1Jf.r , h)ll.lJ1 I -flA'
1111"),' I',,-t.' n9"t:+"f, I'-f' A'r'rY:' f"'lIJo; r1lr,r, f"+' 1I"'i' ....,
,+, ~m- .. wuc·",., lI....,"I,,-:,·' 'l1l.,,-AnJ'i"f I II.ma.."f, lIolo"1' hfl
h11t:,."f' tVIIf'k' 'II.;rCIt.., , h'lfto"f, +1Ifto ' I':J""".; )1IJo.
l1_fll1..:,.. H!rs!!:' 'I. r. II-'lTII-'7 ' tl~A ' 11m',' , fUll. ' tI,."f '
++IlA,) I 11(11- !!tr8l;' 'I. ,.. h,./t, h,.fI+, fUll.' "''1--'' '
"'~":'i'f'
L""; , ++"'m- I IIllU" I fflll.m' IJIJ·.J.:", ..",,,,,:(olD' , hl'",,+"tI '
f.'t.Y: ' .ell"'" A .. II"Oj9" , I' -'lTft0"7; ·}-1-UC:" , lI."'I..m.e+1D' , h.J::-tj"'l.. ' ,,-t. •
l-tr-K' ...·U.tI ; m'Jtj&.,:,· , .t'"TtD- , tlsP"f '1''''I..1all-+' +ruc:" , MC
(tot; , fI".-'l-f-lrpr, f"'l..mW' }",)'."7.II".J ' M·"',·II.,) ..
hHlUr" ofoITt:,."f, :'C, 1l-1"(~:J·:(o"'" 'f'A-r' fir., '1.f1;'; },,'J,I':
+tI"':(or1l" I -rut.). ; 1AA'f'A .. mU'''''' , au.u , TI:"1""9" ' '"llm '
'I"t. ' :".~:'" h'J1.-t'+.t..' +nf.' M·1.C_~II.,) "lIofoIT6"";", ''''I..IlIH· I
' ...·J"I/.. + ' ",t.·,.If"f ' h"'I1"<;':(oarr ' fl.It ' 1111·"'" ' n+'I';' , n;n"1'
I"t. ' Itt I ,,·,.-.tlt ,t;:(o1lJo ..
hllll'" II+C' n""llht'" !uf81 ''I. r. lI,.lltIC' f1J":++ ' "l"t:'"1
M,.; IJ-II·"""'+' ".Il..Il' ""'69'".f, #oflll.<;'A" II/LU'" "l"C""I('.II" , a...
"'J+' V'f1:", +'J' h}"h-II. '+"l' I1:\It' fill. ' h.+f-Irf' ;n".."f<,., ,;n1 '
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"1":' .t.;(,":f I -'l1f'k" mn .."f, .,:(om-. h'J1./ll..r, (l1-'1C I Ilif~! ' ~. 11".
\1+ ....,:.+ ' .'1'6¥m- , 11-+ ' a".t.. I I'll"). , t"I9':f, a+~"'t:r , atl}. •
!ilf~l; ,q. ,.. M ' lim'S ' fl9':f ' I'rnlrc ' 10":+:'" '1"4'11"'''':-' .. Ilhl"
_t. , n"!.1"f ' 1'<j:C,t: , "'l.,l:Il·tC ' IJflI"AnJo;"f, "'f~ , ...,..t-l-, I'ID')J>:
1I.'l'f''''.:t-l, th"1"· ' fm1;(1I'l'f; "'.}<Qj.' .h"l' I"~, I"co·"" lI...,tt..,...,C'
A~ , f+rUe:'" TC'''J6,., nil.! ' :£,,,,,:,,'A. ~ MIUl'J ' ·'H'"uc·r·'f I
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1C 1 t;'fm- " f""'b"",r 11111+ ' hl'lJ'!"q , !'lUi'l l -'l~l' I ,l,~ 1 "l'Illflt
"':f~' 1 f....,~ .... + I 7i-"'Ir1+9'" .e1"f-Il;N\" VI·l- ' 4.)''i"').~r' 11".,
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,,:fr ' n+ ".}. , wuc;t-'f-m-'} 1 .f,h .....,.IIt\- "
i-A-I!'}9" '"-'b"'" , 1\1"'" 1 '\'}J'!"' 'l"'+ 1 f'i!+'" ; l1.n.C '.h~<; ;
f.h1 ' ...'}"' .....l- ! l'.hll-fl ' ""1l+'J ' HI ' ,l,., , (bT-l1 l1..l1 ' ~fTJ-) :"9"U
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+0 .... ' .er.£"''':(-tD- 1 H'}J'!" ' m.f,.,."':" "
n"'/;Q."'M9" ' 1'19"" ' rUA ' t.~'f ' n"'l. ..."l1D" , 'l"'+ 1 fllV- ' 'l.e
t+ 1 Wl/C+ 1 f"'l.iI'I'Oi' 1 1'14.n , h'i!.A , ).'}"lht.i',,'ftD- , mf..+"A "
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!H ' "-'b,,:r- ' -l-ruc:1''ffTJ-'} ; h""'ml\:(-~' O".e; ,\-'1.1'1 ' .,-,

b"'f') 1 n"'Ql."7b , I\ .....,.OA 1 "''f~''c..'' 0,\ ...."'':'' h.,...,; O"'l.!t*
_tJ)o; (I..,.' ... ~.h'h+, '\,}J'!" ' I'IIIA' f"1..U"J ' f,l,~ ' "'X.h'i!+' /l:'"
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£<;A " 1'1'J1I11 ' 0':""'':f111'" n.t.,+J'!"t\'} , iI.-1..-tl' "4)f' 1';"'" ,
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f;"~ '
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f-tCll ' ......,.lInc ' f.U:JA • ""1: ' oJ!,):" , fil') , I"'co..,.. I -'H"uc:'"
11v-t1.i:'I" ' lM*' t1...,fl.c.I'.'I"'" ' "',)1: I OJ!,~:'" fil') '.c.K ' t1. ....flm
:,.... ' f.c.K(1)<'/" , tD-m,:" I "--'1f..11 I "'t: '
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;JoA • .e1i9'" V-I'r, ..... tIt- I 'itD- , .ev-')' }..')It ' ~tI ..... n+' f"'l.1fJ'
-tl&. I 'itD- •
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0'1-") , f(tO'l-" , I"'&" -rAI1+' t1...,fl1T+' n..,t1.+' f;J·+JOl., r,¥tD-. nil..
+f"kl ' f"'l.1T--l- ' fi""'~ , ml1.f:f ' flC ' I1fl}'I" r MM·:;: , 'itD- i f+
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_492_

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-513 -

Criminal Jurisdiction in Ethiopia

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Criminal Jurisdiction in Ethiopia

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What are the elements involved in the exercise of criminal jurisdiction by Ethiopian courts?

What are the elements involved in the exercise of criminal jurisdiction by Ethiopian courts?

What determines whether a person is subject to the Penal Code of Ethiopia?

What determines whether a person is subject to the Penal Code of Ethiopia?

CRIldl.NAL JURISDICTION IN £TiIlOP'''': ... CO.'dlll[.'<o;T...

b. Oll.n«> <"", .. ,,,*<1 /«~;.n <""""," . .. in" E.... io~io

B. Sob. Wfiory /uriooli.....

!l1. T.... s.ro...r ""'_, /",i>didi•••/ C ......"

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.X~M"U: While • 5,",,&1> Airw.y> n;,l>t io p-u..

Ethiopia" .uthoritieo he i , tried for the homicide alkgedly

EXAMPLE: s...me f""to .. above eX«1't thot the Eth;.,pia n .uth"riti.,.

talion under Ethwpian Ia"" he ¢"IOnDO' h" ...,qnir"ed '0 ..,rv"

trDder Article 14, diplomatic, comul.r and o.her 80"errunen< officiol,

oM all oil......... ooauoiued .ahro&d by 11110...... ot the Armed F"""" .ubjooot

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h&a committed • yiolation of the oflene.. defined in Book III. Tltleo II

EXAMPLE: While ....ti<>ncd ;.. I lonip """-"try• • m"",her 01 Ihe

01. the f~ip _'1.

2. l,imi... r........ pon. Ihe e>;~ of prinei".,1 juriodkli"" (P"""I Cod..

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ill Lmyl, Si_ lh. oIlepd committed iD Ethio-

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e. Ol/c_ co ... ",i'~ in • ,on.il" co,,,,"," by "' . ...bu. 01 ,II. Armod

Undu Ar.ide 19 (3 ) i. if p ...... i<kod .b..

EXAMPLE, ~ military 0l'uUio,.. in St.te A, a St.", A ... tional

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offea<c ..... ut •• dil.O.ble one ~ ELbiop,- law ( An.

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