March 10, 2017

J¸ï. J¸ï.J¯ï.¹. ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ

xÉïïì£À ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄ:

wæ¨sÀÄdzÀ MAzÀÄ ¨ÁºÀÄ«UÉ J¼ÉzÀ

¸ÀªÀiÁAvÀgÀ gÉÃSÉA iÀÄÄ G½zÉgÀqÀÄ
¨ÁºÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀªÀiÁ£ÀÄ¥ÁvÀzÀ°è
«¨sÁV¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ.

zÀvÀÛ: ∆ABC ಯ , DE॥BC

¸ÁzsÀ¤ÃAiÀÄ: =
1. D,E ªÀÄvÀÄÛ E,B UÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÉÃj¹.
gÀZÀ£É:
2. EL ⟘ AB ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DN⟘ AC J¼É¢zÉ.

¸ÁzsÀ£É: ∆
= [∵ A = xbxh]
∆

∆
=
∆

∆
= [ ∵ A = xbxh]
∆

∆
=
∆

∴ = [∵∆BDE ≡ ∆CDE]

∆BDE ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ∆CDE UÀ¼ÀÄ MAzÉà ¥ÁzÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ

MAzÀÄ eÉÆvÉ ¸ÀªÀiÁAvÀgÀ gÉÃSÉUÀ¼À £ÀqÀÄªÉ EgÀĪÀ JgÀqÀÄ
wæ¨sÀÄdUÀ¼ÀÄ ∴ ∆BDE ≡ ∆CDE

1 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017
J¸ï. J¸ï.J¯ï.¹. ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ

xÉïïì£À ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄzÀ «¯ÉÆêÀÄ

MAzÀÄ ¸ÀgÀ¼ÀgÉÃSÉAiÀÄÄ wæ¨sÀÄdzÀ JgÀqÀÄ

¨ÁºÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄ ß ¸ÀªÀiÁ£ÀÄ¥ÁvÀzÀ°è «¨sÁV¹zÀgÉ,
D gÉÃSÉAiÀÄÄ ªÀÄÆgÀ£Éà ¨ÁºÀÄ«UÉ
¸ÀªÀiÁAvÀgÀªÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.

zÀvÀÛ: =

¸ÁzsÀ¤ÃAiÀÄ: DE॥BC

gÀZÀ£É: DE ೆ ಸ ಾಂತರ ಾ BF ರ .

¸ÁzsÀ£É: DE ೆ BC ಯು ಸ ಾಂತರ ಾ ರ ದ ೆ, ಆಗ DE ೆ BF
ಸ ಾಂತರ ಾ ರ

= [∵ ೇ ಪ ೕಯ ]

ಆದ ೆ = [∵ ದತ]

∴ =

∴ DE॥BC

2 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017
J¸ï. J¸ï.J¯ï.¹. ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ
¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄ: [ PÉÆÃ-PÉÆà ¸ÀªÀÄgÀÆ¥À ¤zsÁðgÀPÀ UÀÄt ]

JgÀqÀÄ wæ¨sÀÄdUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀªÀÄPÉÆäÃAiÀÄ

UÀ¼ÁVzÀÝgÉ, CªÀÅUÀ¼À C£ÀÄgÀÆ¥À
¨ÁºÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀªÀiÁ£ÀÄ¥ÁvÀzÀ°ègÀÄvÀÛªÉ.

zÀvÀÛ: ∆ABC ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ∆DEF UÀ¼À°è,

( i). ∠ =∠ (ii). ∠ =∠

¸ÁzsÀ¤ÃAiÀÄ: = =

AG = DE ಮತು AH = DF DUÀĪÀAvÉ AB AiÀÄ ªÉÄÃ¯É G ªÀÄvÀÄÛ AC

gÀZÀ£É:
AiÀÄ ªÉÄÃ¯É H ©AzÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß UÀÄgÀÄw¹. G ªÀÄvÀÄÛ H £ÀÄß ¸ÉÃj¹.
∆AGH ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ∆DEF UÀ¼À°è,
¸ÁzsÀ£É:
AG = DE [∵ AG = DE ]
∠BAC = ∠EDF [ ∵ zÀvÀÛ ]
AH = DF [ ∵ gÀZÀ£É ]
∴ ∆AGH ≡ ∆DEF [ ∵ ¨Á.PÉÆÃ.¨Á. ¹zÁÞAvÀ ]
∴ ∠AGH = ∠DEF [∵C£ÀÄgÀÆ¥À PÉÆãÀUÀ¼ÀÄ]
ಆದ ೆ∠ABC = ∠DEF [ ∵ zÀvÀÛ ]
⇒ ∠AGH = ∠ABC [ ∵ ¹éÃPÀÈvÀ ¹zÁÞAvÀ ]
∴ GH ॥ BC

∴ = = [∵ xÉïïì£À ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄzÀ «¯ÉÆêÀÄ]

∴ = = [∵ ∆AGH ≡ ∆DEF]

Important

3 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017
J¸ï. J¸ï.J¯ï.¹. ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ

ಪ ೕಯ: ಸಮರೂಪ ಭುಜದ ೕಣ ಗಳ

¸ÀªÀÄgÀÆ¥À wæ¨sÀÄdUÀ¼À «¹ÛÃtðUÀ¼ÀÄ

CªÀÅUÀ¼À C£ÀÄgÀÆ¥À ¨ÁºÀÄUÀ¼À ªÀUÀðUÀ¼À
C£ÀÄ¥ÁvÀzÀ°ègÀÄvÀÛzÉ.

zÀvÀÛ: ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF, = =

∆ ಯ ೕಣ
¸ÁzsÀ¤ÃAiÀÄ: =
∆ ನ ೕಣ
gÀZÀ£É: AL ⟘ BC ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DM ⟘ EF gÀa¹
∆ALB ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ∆DME UÀ¼À°,è
¸ÁzsÀ£É:
∠ABL = ∠DEM [ ∵ zÀvÀÛ ]
∠ALB = ∠DME = 900 [ ∵ gÀZÀ£É]
∆ALB ~ ∆DME [∵PÉÆÃ-PÉÆÃ.¤zsÁðgÀPÀ UÀÄt ]
⇒ = DzÀgÉ = [ ∵ zÀvÀÛ ]

∴ = ……(1)
∆ ಯ ೕಣ
=
∆ ನ ೕಣ

∆ ಯ ೕಣ
⇒ = [ ∵ ( 1) ]
∆ ನ ೕಣ

= =

DzÀgÉ, = = [ ∵ zÀvÀÛ ]
∆ ಯ ೕಣ
∴ = = =
∆ ನ ೕಣ

Important

4 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017
J¸ï. J¸ï.J¯ï.¹. ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ

MAzÀÄ ®A§PÉÆãÀ wæ¨sÀÄdzÀ°è ®A§PÉÆãÀ«gÀĪÀ

±ÀÈAUÀ¢AzÀ «PÀtðPÉÌ J¼ÉzÀ ®A§ªÀÅ GAlĪÀiÁqÀĪÀ
JgÀqÀÄ ®A§PÉÆãÀ wæ¨sÀÄdUÀ¼ÀÄ zÀvÀÛ wæ¨sÀÄdPÉÌ
¸ÀªÀÄgÀƦUÀ¼ÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CªÀÅUÀ¼ÀÄ ¥ÀgÀ¸ÀàgÀ
¸ÀªÀÄgÀƦUÀ¼ÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.

zÀvÀÛ: ∆ABC AiÀÄ°è,( i) ∠ABC = 900 (ii) BD⟘AC

(i) . ∆ADB ~ ∆ABC
¸ÁzsÀ¤ÃAiÀÄ: (ii). ∆BDC ~ ∆ABC
(iii). ∆ADB ~ ∆BDC
∆ADB ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ∆ABC UÀ¼À°è,
¸ÁzsÀ£É:
(i). ∠ADB = ∠ABC = 900 [ ∵ zÀvÀÛ ]
(ii). ∠BAD = ∠CAD [ ∵ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå PÉÆãÀ ]
(iii). ∠ABD = ∠ACB [ ∵ ∆ zÀ ªÀÄÆgÀ£Éà PÉÆãÀ]
∴ ∆ADB ~ ∆ABC ……………(1) [∵ ¸ÀªÀÄPÉÆäÃAiÀÄ ∆ UÀ¼ÀÄ ]
∆BDC ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ∆ABC UÀ¼À°è,
(i).∠BDC = ∠ABC = 900 [ ∵ zÀvÀÛ ]
(ii). ∠BCD = ∠ACB [ ∵ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå PÉÆãÀ ]
(iii). ∠DBC = ∠BAC [ ∵ ∆ zÀ ªÀÄÆgÀ£Éà PÉÆãÀ ]
∴ ∆BDC ~ ∆ABC …………..(2) [∵¸ÀªÀÄPÉÆäÃAiÀÄ ∆ UÀ¼ÀÄ]
(1) ªÀÄvÀÄÛ (2) jAzÀ ∆ADB ~∆BDC

5 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017
J¸ï. J¸ï.J¯ï.¹. ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ
¥ÉÊxÁUÉÆgÀ¸ï ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄ

MAzÀÄ ®A§PÉÆãÀ wæ¨sÀÄdzÀ°è, «PÀtðzÀ

ªÉÄð£À ªÀUÀðªÀÅ G½zÉgÀqÀÄ ¨ÁºÀÄUÀ¼À
ªÉÄð£À ªÀUÀðUÀ¼À ªÉÆvÀÛPÉÌ ¸ÀªÀÄ£ÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.

zÀvÀÛ: ∆ABC AiÀÄ°è ,∠ABC = 900

¸ÁzsÀ¤ÃAiÀÄ: AB2 + BC2 = CA2
gÀZÀ£É: BD ⟘ AC J¼É¢zÉ
∆ABC ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ∆ADB UÀ¼À°è,
¸ÁzsÀ£É:
∠ABC = ∠ADB = 900 [ ∵ zÀvÀÛ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÀZÀ£É ]
∠BAD = ∠BAD [∵ G¨sÀAiÀÄ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå ]
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆ADB [∵ ¸ÀªÀÄPÉÆäÃAiÀÄ ∆ UÀ¼ÀÄ ]
⇒ = ⇒ AB2 = AC.AD……..(1)
∆ABC ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ∆BDC UÀ¼À°,è
∠ABC = ∠BDC = 90 0 [∵ zÀvÀÛ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÀZÀ£É]
∠ACB = ∠ACB [∵ G¨sÀAiÀÄ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå ]
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆BDC [∵ ¸ÀªÀÄPÉÆäÃAiÀÄ ∆ UÀ¼ÀÄ ]
⇒ = ⇒ BC2 = AC.DC……..(2)

AB2+ BC2 = AC.(AD + DC) [∵ (1) + (2) ]

AB2+ BC2 = AC.AC
AB2+ BC2 = AC2 [ ∵AD + DC = AC]

6 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017
J¸ï. J¸ï.J¯ï.¹. ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ

¥ÉÊxÁUÉÆgÀ¸ï£À ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄzÀ «¯ÉÆêÀÄ

MAzÀÄ wæ¨sÀÄdzÀ, Cw zÉÆqÀØ ¨ÁºÀÄ«£À ªÀUÀðªÀÅ

G½zÉgÀqÀÄ ¨ÁºÀÄUÀ¼À ªÉÄð£À ªÀUÀðUÀ¼À
ªÉÆvÀÛPÉÌ ¸ÀªÀÄ£ÁVzÀÝgÉ, D JgÀqÀÄ ¨ÁºÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ
®APÉÆãÀªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢gÀÄvÀÛªÉ.

zÀvÀÛ: ∆ABC AiÀÄ°è AB2+ BC2 = AC2

¸ÁzsÀ¤ÃAiÀÄ: ∠ABC = 900
B £À°è AB UÉ ®A§ªÀ£ÀÄß gÀa¹. DB = BC EgÀĪÀAvÉ D
gÀZÀ£É:
©AzÀĪÀ£ÀÄß UÀÄgÀÄw¹. ‘A’ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ‘D’AiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÉÃj¹.
∆ABD ಯ ∠ABC = 900 [ ∵ gÀZÀ£É ]
¸ÁzsÀ£É:
∴ AD2 = AB2 + BC2 [∵ ¥ÉÊxÁUÉÆgÀ¸ï£À «¯ÉÆêÀÄ ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄ]
DzÀgÉ ∆ABC AiÀÄ°è,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 [ ∵ zÀvÀÛ ]
⇒ AD 2 = AC2
∴ AD = AC
∆ABD ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ∆ABC UÀ¼À°è,
AD = AC [ ∵ ¸Á¢ü¹zÉ]
BD = BC [ ∵ gÀZÀ£É]
AB = AB [ ∵ G¨sÀAiÀÄ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå]
∆ABD ≡ ∆ABC [ ∵ ¨Á.¨Á.¨Á. ¹zÁÞAvÀ ]
⇒ ∠ABD = ∠ABC
ಆದ ೆ, ∠ABD +∠ABC =180 0 [ ∵ ¸ÀgÀ¼À AiÀÄÄUÀä]
∴ ∠ABC = 900

7 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017
J¸ï. J¸ï.J¯ï.¹. ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ
¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄ

¨ÁºÀå ©AzÀÄ«¤AzÀ ªÀÈvÀÛPÉÌ J¼ÉzÀ ¸Àà±ÀðPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ,

(a). ¸ÀªÀĪÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ
(b). PÉÃAzÀæzÀ°è ¸ÀªÀÄ£ÁzÀ PÉÆãÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄ ß GAlĪÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
(c). PÉÃAzÀæ ªÀivÀÄÛ ¨ÁºÀå ©AzÀĪÀ£ÀÄß ¸ÉÃj¸ÀĪÀ
gÉÃSÉAiÉÆqÀ£É ¸ÀªÀÄ£ÁzÀ PÉÆãÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß
GAlĪÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛzÉ.

A ªÀÈvÀÛPÉÃAzÀæ B ¨ÁºÀå©AzÀÄ BP ªÀÄvÀÄÛ BQ UÀ¼ÀÄ ¸Àà±ÀðPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ.AP, AQ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ

zÀvÀÛ:
AB UÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÉÃj¹zÉ.
(a). BP = BQ
¸ÁzsÀ¤ÃAiÀÄ: (b). ∠PAB = ∠QAB
(c) ∠PBA = ∠QBA
∆ABP ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ∆ABQ UÀ¼À°è
¸ÁzsÀ£É:
AP = AQ [ ∵ MAzÉà ªÀÈvÀÛzÀ wædåUÀ¼ÀÄ ]
∠APB = ∠AQB =90 0 [ ∵ ¸Àà±ÀðPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ wædåUÀ¼À £ÀqÀÄ«£À PÉÆãÀ ]
ಕಣ AB = ಕಣ AB [ ∵ G¨sÀAiÀÄ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå ]
∴ ∆APB ≡ ∆AQB [ ∵ ®A.PÀ.¨Á. ¹zÁÞAvÀ ]
∴ (a). BP = BQ [ ∵ ¸ÀªÀð¸ÀªÀÄ ∆zÀ C£ÀÄgÀÆ¥À ¨sÁUÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ]
(b). ∠PAB = ∠QAB
(c). ∠PBA = ∠QBA

Important

8 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017
J¸ï. J¸ï.J¯ï.¹. ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ
¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄ

JgÀqÀÄ ªÀÈvÀÛUÀ¼ÀÄ ¨ÁºÀåªÁV ¸Àà²ð¹zÁUÀ,

ªÀÈvÀÛPÉÃAzÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸Àà±Àð©AzÀÄ
KPÀgÉÃSÁUÀªÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.

zÀvÀÛ: A ªÀÄvÀÄÛ B UÀ¼ÀÄ ¸Àà²ð¸ÀĪÀ ªÀÈvÀÛUÀ¼À PÉÃAzÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ. P ¸Àà±Àð©AzÀÄ.

¸ÁzsÀ¤ÃAiÀÄ: A,P, ªÀÄvÀÄÛ B UÀ¼ÀÄ KPÀgÉÃSÁUÀvÀªÁVªÉ.
gÀZÀ£É: XPY ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå ¸Àà±ÀðPÀ J¼É¢zÉ.
avÀæzÀ°è,
¸ÁzsÀ£É: ∠APX = 900…………..(1)
∠BPX = 900 ………… (2)
[ ∵ ¸Àà±ÀðPÀzÀ ¸Àà±Àð©AzÀÄ«£À°è J¼ÉzÀ wædå, ¸Àà±ÀðPÀPÉÌ ®A§ªÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ]
∠APX + ∠BPX = 900 +900 [ ∵ (1) ªÀÄvÀÄÛ (2) £ÀÄß PÀÆrzÁUÀ ]
∠APB = 180 0 [ ∵ APB MAzÀÄ ¸ÀgÀ¼ÀPÉÆãÀ ]
∴ APB MAzÀÄ ¸ÀgÀ¼ÀgÉÃSÉ.
∴ A, P ªÀÄvÀÄÛ B UÀ¼ÀÄ KPÀgÉÃSÁUÀvÀªÁVªÉ.

Important

9 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017
J¸ï. J¸ï.J¯ï.¹. ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ
¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄ

JgÀqÀÄ ªÀÈvÀÛUÀ¼ÀÄ ¥ÀgÀ¸ÀàgÀ CAvÀ:¸Àà²ð¹zÁUÀ,

ªÀÈvÀÛPÉÃAzÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸Àà±Àð©AzÀÄ
KPÀgÉÃSÁUÀvÀªÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.

zÀvÀÛ: A ªÀÄvÀÄÛ B UÀ¼ÀÄ ¸Àà²ð¸ÀĪÀ ªÀÈvÀÛUÀ¼À PÉÃAzÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ. P ¸Àà±Àð©AzÀÄ.

¸ÁzsÀ¤ÃAiÀÄ: A,P, ªÀÄvÀÄÛ B UÀ¼ÀÄ KPÀgÉÃSÁUÀvÀªÁVªÉ.
gÀZÀ£É: XPY ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå ¸Àà±ÀðPÀ J¼É¢zÉ.
avÀæzÀ°è,
¸ÁzsÀ£É: ∠APX = 900……………..(1)
∠BPX = 900 ………… (2)
[ ∵ ¸Àà±ÀðPÀzÀ ¸Àà±Àð©AzÀÄ«£À°è J¼ÉzÀ wædå, ¸Àà±ÀðPÀPÉÌ ®A§ªÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ ]
∠APX = ∠BPX = 900 [ ∵ (1) ªÀÄvÀÄÛ (2) £ÀÄß PÀÆrzÁUÀ ]
AP ªÀÄvÀÄÛ BP UÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀgÀ¼ÀgÉÃSÉAiÀÄ ªÉÄÃ¯É EzÉ.
∴ APB MAzÀÄ ¸ÀgÀ¼ÀgÉÃSÉ
∴ A, P ªÀÄvÀÄÛ B UÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀgÀ¼ÀgÉÃPÁUÀvÀªÁVªÉ.

Important

10 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017 SSLC – Maths Theorems
Theorem -Thales Theorem : [Basic proportionality theorem]

“If a straight line is drawn

Parallel to a side of a triangle,
then it divides the other two
sides proportionally’’

Data : In ∆ABC, DE॥BC

To prove: =
1. Join D,E and E,B
Construction :
2. draw EL ⟘ AB and DN⟘ AC
Proof : ∆
= [∵ A = xbxh]
∆
∆
=
∆

∆
= [ ∵ A = xbxh]
∆
∆
=
∆

∴ = [∵∆BDE ≡ ∆CDE]

Important

1 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017 SSLC – Maths Theorems
Converse of Thales Theorem:

If a straight line divides two

sides of a triangle proportionally,
then the straight line is parallel
to the third side.

Data: =
To Prove: DE॥BC
Construction: Draw DE ǁBF .
Proof: If DE is not parallel to BC,then let DEǁBF
= [∵ B.P.T. ]

ಆದ ೆ = [∵ Data]
∴ =

∴ DE॥BC

2 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017 SSLC – Maths Theorems
Theorem ( AA similarity Criterion)

“If two triangles are equiangular ,

then their corresponding sides
are proportional”.

In ∆ABC and ∆DEF

Data :
( i). ∠BAC = ∠EDF (ii). ∠ABC = ∠DEF

To prove : = =
Mark points ‘G’ and ‘H’ on AB and AC such that
Construction : i) AG = DE and
ii) ii) AH = DF join G and H.
Proof : In ∆AGH and ∆DEF
AG = DE [∵ AG = DE ]
∠BAC = ∠EDF [ ∵ Data]
AH = DF [ ∵ Construction ]
∴ ∆AGH ≡ ∆DEF [ ∵ SAS]
∴ ∠AGH = ∠DEF [∵CPCT]
But ∠ABC = ∠DEF [ ∵ Data]
⇒ ∠AGH = ∠ABC [ ∵ Axiom 1]
∴ GH ॥ BC
∴ = = [∵third corollary to Thales theorem]

∴ = = [∵ ∆AGH ≡ ∆DEF]

Important

3 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017 SSLC – Maths Theorems
Theorem

“The areas of similar triangles

are proportional to squares on the
corresponding sides”.

∆ABC ~ ∆DEF,
Data :
= =
∆
To prove : =
∆
Construction : Draw AL ⟘ BC and DM ⟘ EF
Proof : Compare ∆ALB and ∆DME,
∠ABL = ∠DEM [ ∵ data]
0
∠ALB = ∠DME = 90 [ ∵ construction]
∆ALB ~ ∆DME [∵Equiangular]
⇒ = But, = [ ∵ data]

∴ = ……(1)
∆
=
∆
∆
⇒ = [ ∵ ( 1) ]
∆

= =

But,, = = [ ∵ Data]
∆
∴ = = =
∆

Important
4 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286
 March 10, 2017 SSLC – Maths Theorems
Theorem

“In a right angled triangle, the

perpendicular to the hypotenuse
from the right angled vertex,
divides the original triangle into
two right angled triangles, each
of which is similar to the
original triangle.”

Data: In ∆ABC ,( i) ∠ABC = 900 (ii) BD⟘AC

(i) . ∆ADB ~ ∆ABC
To prove : (ii). ∆BDC ~ ∆ABC
(iii). ∆ADB ~ ∆BDC
Proof : In ∆ADB and∆ABC,
(i). ∠ADB = ∠ABC = 900 [ ∵ Data ]
(ii). ∠BAD = ∠CAD [ ∵ common angle ]
(iii). ∠ABD = ∠ACB [ ∵ ∆ sum of three angles of a ∆ is 1800 ]

∴ ∆ADB ~ ∆ABC ……………(1) [∵Equiangular triangles]

In ∆BDC and ∆ABC ,

(i).∠BDC = ∠ABC = 900 [ ∵ Data ]
(ii). ∠BCD = ∠ACB [ ∵ common angle]

(iii). ∠DBC = ∠BAC [ ∵ ∆ sum of three angles of a ∆ is 1800 ]

∴ ∆BDC ~ ∆ABC …………..(2) [∵Equiangular triangles]

From (1) and (2) ∆ADB ~∆BDC

5 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017 SSLC – Maths Theorems
Pythagoras Theorem

In a right angled triangle, the square

on the hypotenuse is equal to the
sum of the square on the other
two sides

Data : In ∆ABC ,∠ABC = 900

To prove : AB2 + BC2 = CA2
Construction
Draw BD ⟘ AC
:
Proof : In ∆ABC and ∆ADB ,
∠ABC = ∠ADB = 900 [ ∵ Data and construction]
∠BAD = ∠BAD [∵ Common angle]
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆ADB [∵Equiangular triangles]
⇒ = ⇒ AB2 = AC.AD……..(1)
In ∆ABC and ∆BDC ,
∠ABC = ∠BDC = 900 [ ∵ Data and construction]
∠ACB = ∠ACB [ ∵ Common angle]
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆BDC [∵Common angle ]

⇒ = ⇒ BC2 = AC.DC……..(2)
(1) + (2)
AB + BC2 = AC.(AD + DC)
2

AB2+ BC2 = AC.AC

AB2+ BC2 = AC2 [ ∵AD + DC = AC]

6 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017 SSLC – Maths Theorems
Converse of Pythagoras Theorem

"If the square on the longest side

of a triangle is equal to the sum of
the squares on the other two sides,
then those two sides contain
a right angle."

Data : In ∆ABC, AB2+ BC2 = AC2

To prove : ∠ABC = 900
Drqw perpendicular to AB at B. Select a point D on it such
Construction :
that, DB = BC. Join 'A' and 'D
Proof : In ∆ABD , ∠ABC = 900 [ ∵ Construction ]
∴ AD2 = AB2 + BC2 [∵Pythagoras theorem]
In ∆ABD and ∆ABC,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 [ ∵ Construction ]
⇒ AD 2 = AC2
∴ AD = AC
In ∆ABD and ∆ABC,
AD = AC [ ∵ proved]
BD = BC [ ∵ Construction]
AB = AB [ ∵Common side]
∆ABD ≡ ∆ABC [ ∵ S.S.S.]
⇒ ∠ABD = ∠ABC
But, ∠ABD +∠ABC =1800 [ ∵ Complimenotry angles]
∴ ∠ABC = 900

7 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017 SSLC – Maths Theorems
Theorem:

The tangents drawn from an external

point to a circle,
(a) are equal
(b) subtend equal angles at the centre
(c) are equally inclined to the line
joining the centre and the
external point

A is the centre of the circle. B is an external point BP and BQ

Data: are the tangents
AP , AQ and AB are joined
(a). BP = BQ
To prove: (b). ∠PAB = ∠QAB
(c) ∠PBA = ∠QBA
Proof: In ∆APB and ∆AQB,
AP = AQ [ ∵ radii of the same circle]
∠APB = ∠AQB =900
[ ∵ Radius drawn at the point of contact is perpendicular to the tangent.]
AB = AB [Common side]
∴ ∆APB ≡ ∆AQB [ ∵ RHS Theorem]
∴ (a). BP = BQ [ ∵ CPCT ]
(b). ∠PAB = ∠QAB
(c). ∠PBA = ∠QBA

Important

8 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017 SSLC – Maths Theorems

Theoem:

If two circles touch each other

externally, the centres and the
point of contact are collinear.
.

Data: A and B are the centres of touching circles

To prove: A, P and B are collinear.
Construction : Draw the tangent XPY
Proof: In the figure,
∠APX = 900…………...(1)
∠BPX = 90 0 ………… (2)
[∵ Radius drawn at the point of contact is perpendicular to the tangent]
∠APX + ∠BPX = 90 0 +90 0 [ By adding (1) and(2)
∠APB = 1800 [∵APB is a straight angle]
∴ APB is a straight line
∴ A, P and B are collinear

Important

9 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286

 March 10, 2017 SSLC – Maths Theorems
Theoem:

If two circles touch each other

internally, the centres and the
point of contact are collinear.

Data: A and B are the centres of touching circles..

To Prove : A, P and B are collinear.
Construction: Draw the tangent XPY
Proof: In the figure,
∠APX = 900……………..(1)
∠BPX = 90 0 ………… . .. (2)
[ ∵Radius drawn at the point of contact is perpendicular to the tangent]
∠APX = ∠BPX = 900 [∵ (1) and (2) ]
AP and BP are on a same straight line
∠APB = 1800 [∵APB is a straight angle]
∴ A, P and B are collinear

Important

10 Yakub Koyyur 9008983286