Pressure in Fluids QP

Q1.Figure 1 shows how atmospheric pressure varies with altitude.
Figure 1
(a) Explain why atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude.
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(3)
(b) When flying, the pressure inside the cabin of an aircraft is kept at 70 kPa.
The aircraft window has an area of 810 cm2.
Use data from Figure 1 to calculate the resultant force acting on an aircraft window
when the aircraft is flying at an altitude of 12 km.
Give your answer to two significant figures
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
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Resultant force = ..................................... N

(5)
(c) Figure 2 shows the cross-section of one type of aircraft window.
Figure 2
Explain why the window has been designed to have this shape.
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
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Q2.Mountain bike riders use brakes to slow down.
© Ljupco Smokovski/Shutterstock
Some mountain bikes have hydraulic brakes.
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(a) What property of a liquid enables a hydraulic brake system to work?
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(1)
(b) When the rider’s hand pulls on the brake lever, the master piston applies a pressure
of 1.5 × 106 pascals to the liquid.
Using information from the diagram, calculate the force F exerted on the liquid by
the master piston.
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Force F = ............................................................ N
(2)
(c) The pressure in the liquid applies a force to move each slave piston.
How does the size of this force compare to the force F applied by the master piston?
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Give a reason for your answer.
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(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 5
Q3.Some students fill an empty plastic bottle with water.
The weight of the water in the bottle is 24 N and the cross-sectional area of the bottom of
the bottle is 0.008 m2.
(a) Calculate the pressure of the water on the bottom of the bottle and give the unit.
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Pressure = ........................................
(3)
(b) The students made four holes in the bottle along a vertical line.
They put the bottle in a sink. They used water from a tap to keep the bottle filled to
the top.
The students measured and recorded the vertical heights of the holes above the
sink.
They also measured the horizontal distances the water landed away from the bottle.
A pair of measurements for one of the holes is shown in the diagram.
The complete data from the experiment is shown in the table.
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Vertical
Horizontal distance
Hole height
in cm
in cm
J 24 15
K 18 20
L 12 30
M 6 40
(i) Which hole is shown in the diagram?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
J K L
(1)
(ii) On the diagram, draw the path of the water coming out of hole M.
Use the information in the table to help you.

(2)
(c) Suggest one problem that might arise from trying to collect data from a fifth hole
with a vertical height of 1 cm above the sink.
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(1)
(Total 7 marks)
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Q4.Musicians sometimes perform on a moving platform.
Figure 1 shows the parts of the lifting machine used to move the platform up and down.
Figure 1
(a) What type of system uses a liquid to transmit a force?
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(1)
(b) The pump creates a pressure in the liquid of 8.75 x 10 4 Pa to move the platform
upwards.
Calculate the force that the liquid applies to the piston.
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Force = .................................................. N
(2)
(c) The liquid usually used in the machine is made by processing oil from underground
wells. A new development is to use plant oil as the liquid.
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Extracting plant oil requires less energy than extracting oil from underground wells.
Suggest an environmental advantage of using plant oil.
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(1)
(d) Musicians often use loudspeakers.
Figure 2 shows how a loudspeaker is constructed.
Figure 2
The loudspeaker cone vibrates when an alternating current flows through the coil.
Explain why.
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(4)
(Total 8 marks)
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Q1.Figure 1 shows how atmospheric pressure varies with altitude.

(a) Explain why atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude.

The aircraft window has an area of 810 cm2.

Give your answer to two significant figures

Resultant force = ..................................... N

(c) Figure 2 shows the cross-section of one type of aircraft window.

Some mountain bikes have hydraulic brakes.

Give a reason for your answer.

The complete data from the experiment is shown in the table.

(i) Which hole is shown in the diagram?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

Use the information in the table to help you.

(a) What type of system uses a liquid to transmit a force?

Calculate the force that the liquid applies to the piston.

Suggest an environmental advantage of using plant oil.

(d) Musicians often use loudspeakers.

Figure 2 shows how a loudspeaker is constructed.

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