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Special education has progressed towards inclusion and ensuring equal access to education for students with disabilities. Several important laws and court cases established rights for these students and mandated schools provide services.

Early programs in the 1960s-70s laid the groundwork but it wasn't until the 1970s that major court cases like Mills v Board of Education and PARC v Pennsylvania established the right to education. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 required schools provide services. This was later amended and renamed IDEA.

Laws like the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and reauthorizations of IDEA have protected rights and outlined expectations for services. The No Child Left Behind Act also called for inclusion of students with disabilities.

A Historical View of Special Education

Special Education Timeline: Overview


This special education timeline emphasizes the major events in the history of special
education. It gives a good overview of the progression towards our current special
education condition.

Special Education Timeline: Landmark Decisions


This special education timeline shows the landmark decisions leading up to and after
IDEA.

Parental advocacy groups are formed to push for federal help in the hope
1993
of fair educational opportunities for their children with disabilities.
Congress creates a Bureau of Education for the Handicapped later named
1965 Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP). Little change happens early
but it indicated change was approaching.
Two landmark decisions made through the Supreme Court decide that
1972 children with disabilities should have an equal right to access education.
Mills v. D.C. Board of Education & PARC v. Pennsylvania.

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is passed allowing
1974 parents access to all personal information used by the school regarding
their child.
An Act that allows all school districts to educate students with disabilities,
called the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), is passed.
1975
It is later amended and renamed as Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act (IDEA) in 1990.

The final federal regulations are passed and require school districts to adhere
1977
to a set of rules when providing education to children with disabilities.
Americans with Disabilities Act is enacted allowing disabled children to
1999 become more common place in school districts and gives parents and
children certain rights under IDEA.
The No Child Left Behind law becomes enacted calling for ALL students to
2001
become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

Special Education Timeline: Children Are The Future


This timeline shows us how far we've progressed towards a fair education for
everyone. At LearningRx we believe that children with disabilities can be as smart (if
not smarter) than non special students through brain training. We've proved it
thousands of times. LearningRx helps struggling students with disabilities become
smarter and overcome their difficulties. We strengthen their cognitive skills through
one-on-one mental exercises. Cognitive skills have been shown to be the leading
"weak link" causing learning disorders. To find out more information contact a local
LearningRx near you.
ranscript of History of Special Education in the Philippines
Special Education
The History of
1902
1950 to 1975
1926 to 1949
1976 to Present
in the Philippines
Fred Atkinson
General Superintendent of Education
reported to the Secretary of Public Instruction that deaf and blind children were found in
a census of school-aged children in Manila and nearby provinces
proposed that deaf and blind children be enrolled in schools like the other children
1907
David Barrows
worked for the establishment of the Insular School for the Deaf and the Blind in Manila
At present, the Philippine school for the Deaf is Located on Harrison Street, Pasay City.
Philippine Association for the Deaf was Founded
The Government established Welfareville Children's Village in Mandaluyong.
1927
1945
the National Orthopedic Hospital opened the School for Crippled Children
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students
1949
Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled was organized
1953
Elsie Gaches Village was established to take care of abandoned, orphaned and youth with
physical and mental disabilities
1954
first week of August was declared as Sight Saving Week
1955
Members of Lodge No.761 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks organized the
Elks Cerebral Palsy Project Incorporated.
First Parent Teacher Work Conference in Special Education was held at SDB
A time when the private sector started supporting the government's program for
Filipinos with disabilities
1957
The Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) of the Department of Education and Culture (DEC)
created the Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Services Division.
The program include:
legislation
teacher training
census of exceptional children
integration of children with disabilities in regular classes
rehabilitation of residential and special schools
material production
1962
Manila Youth Reception Center (MYRC) was opened for the socially maladjusted and
emotionally disturbed
DEC issued Circular No.11 s. 1962 "Qualifications of Special Education Teachers"
Experimental integration of blind children at the Jose Rizal Elementary School (Pasay)
St. Joseph of Cupertino School for the Mentally Retarted was founded
R.A. 5250: An act establishing a ten-year training program for teachers of special and
exceptional children in the Philippines.
teacher scholar at UP commenced in the areas of hearing impairment, mental retardation
and giftedness
1963
Teacher scholar training for blind children started at PNU
Philippine Printing House for the Blind was established (UNICEF & CARE, Philippines)
Manila Science High School for gifted students was established
1965
Training program for school administrators on the organization, administration and
supervision of special education classes.
First Institute on the Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded (Special Child
Study Center &ADMU)
1967
BPS organized the National Committee on Special Education
General Letter No.213: regulating the size of special classes for maximum effectiveness
1968
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for exceptional children started at PNU
1969
classes for socially maladjusted children were held at MYRC
Jose Fabella Memorial School was divided into five units:
Philippine Training School for Boys (Tanay)
Philippine Training School for Girls (Alabang)
Reception and Child Study Center (Manila)
Elsie Gaches Village (Alabang)
Nayon ng Kabataan (Pasay)
1970
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for children with behavioral problem started at
UP
the School for the Deaf and the Blind was reorganized into two separate residential
schools.
1973
1975
UNESCO & Philippine Association for the Retarded: First Asian Conference on Mental
Retardation was held in Manila
Silahis Concept of Special Education was implemented
Special Subjects and Services Division was abolished
1977 to 1987:
Decade
of
the
Filipino
Child
1976
First Camp Pag-ibig: day camp for children with physical disabilities
Molave Youth Home for Children with Behavioral Problem was organized in Quezon
CIty
1977
Ministry of Education issued Department Order No. 10: designating regional and division
supervisors of special education programs

Bacarra Special Education Center (Division of Ilocos Sur)


Bacolod Special Education Center (Division of Bacolod)
1978
Presidential Decree 1509:
Creation of National Commission Concerning Disabled Persons (NCCDP)
MEC Memorandum No. 285: directed school divisions to organize special classes with a
set of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal training
UP opened its special education training program for undergraduate students
PAD started mainstreaming program in the Division of Manila City Schools
1979
Caritas Medico-Pedagogical Institution for the Mentally Retarded was organized
Jagna Special Education Center in the Division of Bohol was organized
1980
School for Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
established
1981
UN: International Year of Disabled Persons
1983
Batas Pambansa Bilang 344- Accessibility Law:
"An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring cars, buildings,
institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices."
1987
Autism Society of the Philippines was organized
1993 to 2002:
Asian
and
the
Pacific
Decade
of
the
Disabled
Person
1996
the first week of January was declared as Autism Consciousness Week
First Seminar Workshop on Information Technology for the Visually Impaired
1997
DECS Order No.26: Institutionalization of Special Education Program in all Schools
First Philippine Wheelathon-a-race was the main event of the 19th Disability Prevention
and Rehabilitaion Week
1998
Palarong Pinoy Para sa May K was held at Philsport Complex
1999
DECS Order No.104: "Exemption of the Physically Handicapped from Taking the
National Achievement Test (NEAT) and the National Secondary Aptitude Test (NSAT)"
DECS Order No.108: "Strengthening of Special Education Program for the Gifted in
Public School System"
DECS Order No.448: "Search for the 1999 Most Outstanding Special Education Teacher
for the Gifted"
Memorandum No.457: "National Photo Contest on Disability"
2000s
DECS Order No.11: "Recognized Special Education Centers in the Philippines"
Memorandum No.24 "Fourth International Noise Awareness Day"

Every fourth week of November: National Observance of the week of gifted and talented

intro to SPED
Historical Milestones of
Special Education in the Philippines
1902
-
The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was expressed through Mr. Fred
Atkinson, the General Superintendent of Education.
1907
-
Special Education was formally started in the country by establishing the Insular School
for the Deaf and Blind in Manila.
1927
-
The government established the Welfareville Children’s Village, a school for people with
mental retardation in Mandaluyong.
1945
-
The National Orthopedic Hospital School for the Crippled Children and Youth is
established.
1949
-
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students.

1950
-
PAD opened a school for the children with hearing impairment
1953
-
The Elsie Gaches Village was established in Alabang to take care of the abandoned and
orphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.
1956
-
Special classes for the deaf in regular class were implemented.
1957
-
The Bureau of Public Schools of the Department of Education and Culture created the
Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Service Education.
1960
-
Some private college and universities started to offer special education courses on
graduate school curriculum
1963
-
With the approval of R.A. No. 3562, the training of DEC teacher scholars for blind
children started at the Philippine Normal University.

1965
-
Marked the start of training programs for school administrators on the supervision of
special classes held at UP
1969
- Classes for socially maladjusted children were organized at the manila Youth Reception
Center
1970
- Training of teacher for Children with behavior problems started at the University of the
Philippines
1973
- The juvenile and domestic Relations Court of Manila established the Tahanan Special
School for the socially maladjusted children and youth.
1975
- The Division of Manila City Schools implemented the Silahis Concept of Special
Education in public elementary schools.
1979
- The Bureau of Elementary Education Special Education unit conducted a two-year
nationwide survey if unidentified exceptional children who were in school.
1980
- The School for the Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
organized.
1990
- The Philippine institute for the Deaf, an oral school for children with hearing
impairment was established.
1992
- The summer training for teacher of the visually impaired started at the Philippine
Normal University
1993
- DECS issued Order No. 14 that directed regional officers to organize the Regional
Special Education Council (RESC)
1995
- The summer training for teachers of the hearing impaired was held at Philippine Normal
University
1998
- DECS order No. 5 “Reclassification of Regular teacher and principal items to SPED
teacher and special schools principal item"
1999
- DECS order no. 33 “Implementation of administrative order no. 101 directing the
Department of Public Works and highways, the DECS and the CHED to provide
architectural facilities or structural feature for disabled persons in all state college,
universities and other buildings
2EDPRE
Baloran,
Rajin
Rivera,
Chrisallie
Vanguardia,
Anne Germain
2000
-
DECS Order No. 11, s. 2000 - Recognized Special Education (SPED) Centers in the
Philippines
2002
-
An ongoing mobile teacher–training program by the Department of Education and the
University of the Philippines trains regular and special education teachers on how to
educate children with special needs.
2007-

Special Education Act of 2007 identifies ten groups of Children with Special Needs
2009
-
DepEd under its wing had 217 SPED Centers that cater to the needs of children with
special abilities. The department issued Braille textbooks to help especially visually
impaired children.
2010
-
Special Education Act of 2010, An act establishing at least one Special Education center
for each school division and at least three Special Education centers in big school
divisions for children with special needs, guidelines for government financial assistance
and other incentives and support
2012
-
DepEd has increased the funding for its Special Education program and is set to open
new centers
2013
-
DepEd organized a National Conference for SPED Teachers to sharpen their skills.

1. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

2.
1. 1817

2. The American School for the Deaf is founded in Hartford, Connecticut

3. First school for disabled children anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.

3.
1. 1848

2. The Perkins Institution, founded by Samuel Gridley Howe in Boston,


Massachusetts, was the first residential institution for people with mental retardation .

3. Over the next century, hundreds of thousands of developmentally disabled


children and adults were institutionalized , many for the rest of their lives.

4.
1. 1864

2. Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind was authorized by the
U.S. Congress to grant college degrees.

3. It was the first college in the world established for people with disabilities.

5.
1. 1883

2. Eugenics is a term that was coined by Sir Francis Galton in his book Essays
in Eugenics . Americans embraced the eugenics movement by passing laws to prevent
people with disabilities from moving to the U.S., marrying or having children.

3. Eugenics laws led to the institutionalization and forced sterilization of


disabled adults and children.

6.
1. 1912

2. The Threat of the Feeble Minded (pamphlet) created a climate of hysteria


allowing for massive human rights abuses of people with disabilities, including
institutionalization and forced sterilization.

7.
1. 1922

2. Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) (founded) Council works to inform


parents, teachers, and administration about the education of individuals with disabilities. It is
dedicated to helping improved the education for all disabled peoples by advocating policies,
educating the public, and setting professional standards.

8.
1. 1954

2. The U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruled that
separate schools for black and white children are unequal and unconstitutional.

3. This pivotal decision became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement.

9. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. In the sixties and seventies , initial provision consisted of special education


within segregated education provisions .
2. Historically, children with disabilities have been treated as “in-valid” or inferior
and in need of very special protection and thus as not being able to benefit from education.

10. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. This conceptualization led to exclusion and the construction of institutions to


accommodate these children. In this view, the child was to blame for not being able to
benefit from education.

2. Integration , which began in the West, in the late seventies and early eighties
was spurred by a progressive educational ideology.

11. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. The parallel system to traditional schooling that developed, came to be


known as Special Education.

2. The second stage in this development has taken the form of Special Needs
Education. Special Needs Education, is a system of education for children with disabilities
within ordinary schools . This form of education represents an effort to provide education in
more ‘normal’ settings. However, a common characteristic of this provision of education is
that it has been offered in special classes and not in cooperation with other ‘mainstream’
children.

12. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education was originally set out to meet the needs of learners who
were being traditionally excluded from the school or were otherwise marginalized within the
classroom.

2. A series of shifts from focusing on the disabled child as a problem to focusing


on changes in the management of the classroom, revealed surprising changes in learning.

3. The results demonstrated benefits to those who were traditionally excluded


from learning as well as all the others in the classroom.

4. Today inclusive education or ‘inclusion in education’ is a conceptual


approach aimed at achieving quality education by making changes to accommodate all
learners regardless of their physical, social or psychological differences.

13. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education differs from previously held notion of ‘integration’ and


‘mainstreaming,’ which tended to be concerned principally with ‘special educational needs’
and implied learners changing or becoming ‘ready for’ accommodation by the mainstream.

2. By contrast, inclusion is about the child’s right to participate and the school’s
duty to accept and ensure this right.

14. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding to the diversity


of needs of all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures and
communities, and reducing exclusion within and from education .
15. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements have tended to feature strongly in the


conceptualisation of inclusion

1. Is a process : has to be seen as a never-ending search to find better


ways of responding to diversity

2. 2. Is concerned with the identification and removal of barriers :


involves collecting, collating and evaluating information from a wide variety of sources in
order to plan for improvements in policy and practice. It is about using evidence of various
kinds to stimulate creativity and problem-solving.

16. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements ...

1. 3. Is about the presence, participation and achievement of all


students : ‘presence’ is concerned with where children are educated, and how reliably and
punctually they attend; ‘participation’ relates to the quality of their experiences and,
therefore, must incorporate the views of the learners themselves; and ‘achievement’ is about
the outcomes of learning across the curriculum, not merely test or examination results.

2. 4. Involves a particular emphasis on those groups of learners who


may be at risk of marginalisation, exclusion or underachievement . This indicates the moral
responsibility to ensure that those groups that are statistically most ‘at risk’ are carefully
monitored, and that, where necessary, steps are taken to ensure their presence,
participation and achievement in the education system.

17.
1. 1972

2. The U.S. District Court, District of Columbia ruled in Mills v. Board of


Education that the District of Columbia could not exclude disabled children from the public
schools.

3. The U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, in PARC v.


Pennsylvania struck down various state laws used to exclude disabled children from the
public schools. Advocates cited these decisions during public hearings that led to the
passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.

18.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act was passed.

3. Sections 501, 503 and 504 prohibited discrimination in federal programs and
services and all other programs or services receiving federal funds.

19.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act


3. Key language: “No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United
States, shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, be
denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity
receiving federal financial assistance.”

20.
1. 1975

2. The Education of All Handicapped Children Act ( PL 94-142 ) required free,


appropriate public Education ( FAPE ) in the least restrictive ( LRE ) setting.

3. This Act was later renamed The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act
( IDEA ).

21.
1. 1975

2. The Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps ( TASH ) was founded by


special education professionals in response to PARC v. Pennsylvania (1972) and other right-
to-education cases.

3. This organization called for the end of aversive behavior modification and the
closing of all residential institutions for people with disabilities.

22. 1988 The "Deaf President Now" protest was held at Gallaudet University.
I. King Jordan became the first deaf president of Gallaudet University .

23.
1. 1990

2. The Americans with Disabilities Act

3. (signed by George W. Bush)

4. Provided comprehensive civil rights protection for people with disabilities.

5. Mandated access in public transportation, communication, and in other areas


of public life.

24.
1. 1990

2. ADA law was the most sweeping disability rights legislation in history.

3. It mandated that local, state and federal governments and programs be


accessible ,

4. that businesses with more than 15 employees make “reasonable


accommodations ” for disabled workers and

5. that public accommodations such as restaurants and stores make


“reasonable modifications” to ensure access for disabled members of the public.

25.
1. 1990

2. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was amended and renamed
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

26.
1. 2001

2. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law becomes enacted calling for ALL
students to become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

27.
1. 2004

2. Re authorization of IDEA

28. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

A Historical View of Special Education

Special Education Timeline: Overview


This special education timeline emphasizes the major events in the history of special
education. It gives a good overview of the progression towards our current special
education condition.

Special Education Timeline: Landmark Decisions


This special education timeline shows the landmark decisions leading up to and after
IDEA.

Parental advocacy groups are formed to push for federal help in the hope
1993
of fair educational opportunities for their children with disabilities.
Congress creates a Bureau of Education for the Handicapped later named
1965 Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP). Little change happens early
but it indicated change was approaching.
Two landmark decisions made through the Supreme Court decide that
1972 children with disabilities should have an equal right to access education.
Mills v. D.C. Board of Education & PARC v. Pennsylvania.

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is passed allowing
1974 parents access to all personal information used by the school regarding
their child.
An Act that allows all school districts to educate students with disabilities,
called the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), is passed.
1975
It is later amended and renamed as Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act (IDEA) in 1990.

The final federal regulations are passed and require school districts to adhere
1977
to a set of rules when providing education to children with disabilities.
1999 Americans with Disabilities Act is enacted allowing disabled children to
become more common place in school districts and gives parents and
children certain rights under IDEA.
The No Child Left Behind law becomes enacted calling for ALL students to
2001
become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

Special Education Timeline: Children Are The Future


This timeline shows us how far we've progressed towards a fair education for
everyone. At LearningRx we believe that children with disabilities can be as smart (if
not smarter) than non special students through brain training. We've proved it
thousands of times. LearningRx helps struggling students with disabilities become
smarter and overcome their difficulties. We strengthen their cognitive skills through
one-on-one mental exercises. Cognitive skills have been shown to be the leading
"weak link" causing learning disorders. To find out more information contact a local
LearningRx near you.

ranscript of History of Special Education in the Philippines


Special Education
The History of
1902
1950 to 1975
1926 to 1949
1976 to Present
in the Philippines
Fred Atkinson
General Superintendent of Education
reported to the Secretary of Public Instruction that deaf and blind children were found in
a census of school-aged children in Manila and nearby provinces
proposed that deaf and blind children be enrolled in schools like the other children
1907
David Barrows
worked for the establishment of the Insular School for the Deaf and the Blind in Manila
At present, the Philippine school for the Deaf is Located on Harrison Street, Pasay City.
Philippine Association for the Deaf was Founded
The Government established Welfareville Children's Village in Mandaluyong.
1927
1945
the National Orthopedic Hospital opened the School for Crippled Children
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students
1949
Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled was organized
1953
Elsie Gaches Village was established to take care of abandoned, orphaned and youth with
physical and mental disabilities
1954
first week of August was declared as Sight Saving Week
1955
Members of Lodge No.761 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks organized the
Elks Cerebral Palsy Project Incorporated.
First Parent Teacher Work Conference in Special Education was held at SDB
A time when the private sector started supporting the government's program for
Filipinos with disabilities
1957
The Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) of the Department of Education and Culture (DEC)
created the Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Services Division.
The program include:
legislation
teacher training
census of exceptional children
integration of children with disabilities in regular classes
rehabilitation of residential and special schools
material production
1962
Manila Youth Reception Center (MYRC) was opened for the socially maladjusted and
emotionally disturbed
DEC issued Circular No.11 s. 1962 "Qualifications of Special Education Teachers"
Experimental integration of blind children at the Jose Rizal Elementary School (Pasay)
St. Joseph of Cupertino School for the Mentally Retarted was founded
R.A. 5250: An act establishing a ten-year training program for teachers of special and
exceptional children in the Philippines.
teacher scholar at UP commenced in the areas of hearing impairment, mental retardation
and giftedness
1963
Teacher scholar training for blind children started at PNU
Philippine Printing House for the Blind was established (UNICEF & CARE, Philippines)
Manila Science High School for gifted students was established
1965
Training program for school administrators on the organization, administration and
supervision of special education classes.
First Institute on the Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded (Special Child
Study Center &ADMU)
1967
BPS organized the National Committee on Special Education
General Letter No.213: regulating the size of special classes for maximum effectiveness
1968
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for exceptional children started at PNU
1969
classes for socially maladjusted children were held at MYRC
Jose Fabella Memorial School was divided into five units:
Philippine Training School for Boys (Tanay)
Philippine Training School for Girls (Alabang)
Reception and Child Study Center (Manila)
Elsie Gaches Village (Alabang)
Nayon ng Kabataan (Pasay)
1970
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for children with behavioral problem started at
UP
the School for the Deaf and the Blind was reorganized into two separate residential
schools.
1973
1975
UNESCO & Philippine Association for the Retarded: First Asian Conference on Mental
Retardation was held in Manila
Silahis Concept of Special Education was implemented
Special Subjects and Services Division was abolished
1977 to 1987:
Decade
of
the
Filipino
Child
1976
First Camp Pag-ibig: day camp for children with physical disabilities
Molave Youth Home for Children with Behavioral Problem was organized in Quezon
CIty
1977
Ministry of Education issued Department Order No. 10: designating regional and division
supervisors of special education programs
Bacarra Special Education Center (Division of Ilocos Sur)
Bacolod Special Education Center (Division of Bacolod)
1978
Presidential Decree 1509:
Creation of National Commission Concerning Disabled Persons (NCCDP)
MEC Memorandum No. 285: directed school divisions to organize special classes with a
set of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal training
UP opened its special education training program for undergraduate students
PAD started mainstreaming program in the Division of Manila City Schools
1979
Caritas Medico-Pedagogical Institution for the Mentally Retarded was organized
Jagna Special Education Center in the Division of Bohol was organized
1980
School for Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
established
1981
UN: International Year of Disabled Persons
1983
Batas Pambansa Bilang 344- Accessibility Law:
"An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring cars, buildings,
institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices."
1987
Autism Society of the Philippines was organized
1993 to 2002:
Asian
and
the
Pacific
Decade
of
the
Disabled
Person
1996
the first week of January was declared as Autism Consciousness Week
First Seminar Workshop on Information Technology for the Visually Impaired
1997
DECS Order No.26: Institutionalization of Special Education Program in all Schools
First Philippine Wheelathon-a-race was the main event of the 19th Disability Prevention
and Rehabilitaion Week
1998
Palarong Pinoy Para sa May K was held at Philsport Complex
1999
DECS Order No.104: "Exemption of the Physically Handicapped from Taking the
National Achievement Test (NEAT) and the National Secondary Aptitude Test (NSAT)"
DECS Order No.108: "Strengthening of Special Education Program for the Gifted in
Public School System"
DECS Order No.448: "Search for the 1999 Most Outstanding Special Education Teacher
for the Gifted"
Memorandum No.457: "National Photo Contest on Disability"
2000s
DECS Order No.11: "Recognized Special Education Centers in the Philippines"

Memorandum No.24 "Fourth International Noise Awareness Day"

Every fourth week of November: National Observance of the week of gifted and talented

intro to SPED
Historical Milestones of
Special Education in the Philippines
1902
-
The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was expressed through Mr. Fred
Atkinson, the General Superintendent of Education.
1907
-
Special Education was formally started in the country by establishing the Insular School
for the Deaf and Blind in Manila.
1927
-
The government established the Welfareville Children’s Village, a school for people with
mental retardation in Mandaluyong.
1945
-
The National Orthopedic Hospital School for the Crippled Children and Youth is
established.
1949
-
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students.

1950
-
PAD opened a school for the children with hearing impairment
1953
-
The Elsie Gaches Village was established in Alabang to take care of the abandoned and
orphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.
1956
-
Special classes for the deaf in regular class were implemented.
1957
-
The Bureau of Public Schools of the Department of Education and Culture created the
Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Service Education.
1960
-
Some private college and universities started to offer special education courses on
graduate school curriculum
1963
-
With the approval of R.A. No. 3562, the training of DEC teacher scholars for blind
children started at the Philippine Normal University.

1965
-
Marked the start of training programs for school administrators on the supervision of
special classes held at UP
1969
- Classes for socially maladjusted children were organized at the manila Youth Reception
Center
1970
- Training of teacher for Children with behavior problems started at the University of the
Philippines
1973
- The juvenile and domestic Relations Court of Manila established the Tahanan Special
School for the socially maladjusted children and youth.
1975
- The Division of Manila City Schools implemented the Silahis Concept of Special
Education in public elementary schools.
1979
- The Bureau of Elementary Education Special Education unit conducted a two-year
nationwide survey if unidentified exceptional children who were in school.
1980
- The School for the Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
organized.
1990
- The Philippine institute for the Deaf, an oral school for children with hearing
impairment was established.
1992
- The summer training for teacher of the visually impaired started at the Philippine
Normal University
1993
- DECS issued Order No. 14 that directed regional officers to organize the Regional
Special Education Council (RESC)
1995
- The summer training for teachers of the hearing impaired was held at Philippine Normal
University
1998
- DECS order No. 5 “Reclassification of Regular teacher and principal items to SPED
teacher and special schools principal item"
1999
- DECS order no. 33 “Implementation of administrative order no. 101 directing the
Department of Public Works and highways, the DECS and the CHED to provide
architectural facilities or structural feature for disabled persons in all state college,
universities and other buildings
2EDPRE
Baloran,
Rajin
Rivera,
Chrisallie
Vanguardia,
Anne Germain
2000
-
DECS Order No. 11, s. 2000 - Recognized Special Education (SPED) Centers in the
Philippines
2002
-
An ongoing mobile teacher–training program by the Department of Education and the
University of the Philippines trains regular and special education teachers on how to
educate children with special needs.
2007-

Special Education Act of 2007 identifies ten groups of Children with Special Needs
2009
-
DepEd under its wing had 217 SPED Centers that cater to the needs of children with
special abilities. The department issued Braille textbooks to help especially visually
impaired children.
2010
-
Special Education Act of 2010, An act establishing at least one Special Education center
for each school division and at least three Special Education centers in big school
divisions for children with special needs, guidelines for government financial assistance
and other incentives and support
2012
-
DepEd has increased the funding for its Special Education program and is set to open
new centers
2013
-
DepEd organized a National Conference for SPED Teachers to sharpen their skills.

29. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

30.
1. 1817

2. The American School for the Deaf is founded in Hartford, Connecticut

3. First school for disabled children anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.

31.
1. 1848

2. The Perkins Institution, founded by Samuel Gridley Howe in Boston,


Massachusetts, was the first residential institution for people with mental retardation .

3. Over the next century, hundreds of thousands of developmentally disabled


children and adults were institutionalized , many for the rest of their lives.

32.
1. 1864

2. Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind was authorized by the
U.S. Congress to grant college degrees.

3. It was the first college in the world established for people with disabilities.

33.
1. 1883

2. Eugenics is a term that was coined by Sir Francis Galton in his book Essays
in Eugenics . Americans embraced the eugenics movement by passing laws to prevent
people with disabilities from moving to the U.S., marrying or having children.

3. Eugenics laws led to the institutionalization and forced sterilization of


disabled adults and children.

34.
1. 1912

2. The Threat of the Feeble Minded (pamphlet) created a climate of hysteria


allowing for massive human rights abuses of people with disabilities, including
institutionalization and forced sterilization.

35.
1. 1922

2. Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) (founded) Council works to inform


parents, teachers, and administration about the education of individuals with disabilities. It is
dedicated to helping improved the education for all disabled peoples by advocating policies,
educating the public, and setting professional standards.

36.
1. 1954

2. The U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruled that
separate schools for black and white children are unequal and unconstitutional.

3. This pivotal decision became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement.

37. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. In the sixties and seventies , initial provision consisted of special education


within segregated education provisions .

2. Historically, children with disabilities have been treated as “in-valid” or inferior


and in need of very special protection and thus as not being able to benefit from education.

38. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. This conceptualization led to exclusion and the construction of institutions to


accommodate these children. In this view, the child was to blame for not being able to
benefit from education.

2. Integration , which began in the West, in the late seventies and early eighties
was spurred by a progressive educational ideology.

39. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. The parallel system to traditional schooling that developed, came to be


known as Special Education.

2. The second stage in this development has taken the form of Special Needs
Education. Special Needs Education, is a system of education for children with disabilities
within ordinary schools . This form of education represents an effort to provide education in
more ‘normal’ settings. However, a common characteristic of this provision of education is
that it has been offered in special classes and not in cooperation with other ‘mainstream’
children.

40. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education was originally set out to meet the needs of learners who
were being traditionally excluded from the school or were otherwise marginalized within the
classroom.

2. A series of shifts from focusing on the disabled child as a problem to focusing


on changes in the management of the classroom, revealed surprising changes in learning.
3. The results demonstrated benefits to those who were traditionally excluded
from learning as well as all the others in the classroom.

4. Today inclusive education or ‘inclusion in education’ is a conceptual


approach aimed at achieving quality education by making changes to accommodate all
learners regardless of their physical, social or psychological differences.

41. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education differs from previously held notion of ‘integration’ and


‘mainstreaming,’ which tended to be concerned principally with ‘special educational needs’
and implied learners changing or becoming ‘ready for’ accommodation by the mainstream.

2. By contrast, inclusion is about the child’s right to participate and the school’s
duty to accept and ensure this right.

42. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding to the diversity


of needs of all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures and
communities, and reducing exclusion within and from education .

43. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements have tended to feature strongly in the


conceptualisation of inclusion

1. Is a process : has to be seen as a never-ending search to find better


ways of responding to diversity

2. 2. Is concerned with the identification and removal of barriers :


involves collecting, collating and evaluating information from a wide variety of sources in
order to plan for improvements in policy and practice. It is about using evidence of various
kinds to stimulate creativity and problem-solving.

44. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements ...

1. 3. Is about the presence, participation and achievement of all


students : ‘presence’ is concerned with where children are educated, and how reliably and
punctually they attend; ‘participation’ relates to the quality of their experiences and,
therefore, must incorporate the views of the learners themselves; and ‘achievement’ is about
the outcomes of learning across the curriculum, not merely test or examination results.

2. 4. Involves a particular emphasis on those groups of learners who


may be at risk of marginalisation, exclusion or underachievement . This indicates the moral
responsibility to ensure that those groups that are statistically most ‘at risk’ are carefully
monitored, and that, where necessary, steps are taken to ensure their presence,
participation and achievement in the education system.

45.
1. 1972
2. The U.S. District Court, District of Columbia ruled in Mills v. Board of
Education that the District of Columbia could not exclude disabled children from the public
schools.

3. The U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, in PARC v.


Pennsylvania struck down various state laws used to exclude disabled children from the
public schools. Advocates cited these decisions during public hearings that led to the
passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.

46.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act was passed.

3. Sections 501, 503 and 504 prohibited discrimination in federal programs and
services and all other programs or services receiving federal funds.

47.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act

3. Key language: “No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United


States, shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, be
denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity
receiving federal financial assistance.”

48.
1. 1975

2. The Education of All Handicapped Children Act ( PL 94-142 ) required free,


appropriate public Education ( FAPE ) in the least restrictive ( LRE ) setting.

3. This Act was later renamed The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act
( IDEA ).

49.
1. 1975

2. The Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps ( TASH ) was founded by


special education professionals in response to PARC v. Pennsylvania (1972) and other right-
to-education cases.

3. This organization called for the end of aversive behavior modification and the
closing of all residential institutions for people with disabilities.

50. 1988 The "Deaf President Now" protest was held at Gallaudet University.
I. King Jordan became the first deaf president of Gallaudet University .

51.
1. 1990

2. The Americans with Disabilities Act


3. (signed by George W. Bush)

4. Provided comprehensive civil rights protection for people with disabilities.

5. Mandated access in public transportation, communication, and in other areas


of public life.

52.
1. 1990

2. ADA law was the most sweeping disability rights legislation in history.

3. It mandated that local, state and federal governments and programs be


accessible ,

4. that businesses with more than 15 employees make “reasonable


accommodations ” for disabled workers and

5. that public accommodations such as restaurants and stores make


“reasonable modifications” to ensure access for disabled members of the public.

53.
1. 1990

2. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was amended and renamed
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

54.
1. 2001

2. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law becomes enacted calling for ALL
students to become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

55.
1. 2004

2. Re authorization of IDEA

56. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

A Historical View of Special Education

Special Education Timeline: Overview


This special education timeline emphasizes the major events in the history of special
education. It gives a good overview of the progression towards our current special
education condition.

Special Education Timeline: Landmark Decisions


This special education timeline shows the landmark decisions leading up to and after
IDEA.

Parental advocacy groups are formed to push for federal help in the hope
1993
of fair educational opportunities for their children with disabilities.
Congress creates a Bureau of Education for the Handicapped later named
1965 Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP). Little change happens early
but it indicated change was approaching.
Two landmark decisions made through the Supreme Court decide that
1972 children with disabilities should have an equal right to access education.
Mills v. D.C. Board of Education & PARC v. Pennsylvania.

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is passed allowing
1974 parents access to all personal information used by the school regarding
their child.
An Act that allows all school districts to educate students with disabilities,
called the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), is passed.
1975
It is later amended and renamed as Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act (IDEA) in 1990.

The final federal regulations are passed and require school districts to adhere
1977
to a set of rules when providing education to children with disabilities.
Americans with Disabilities Act is enacted allowing disabled children to
1999 become more common place in school districts and gives parents and
children certain rights under IDEA.
The No Child Left Behind law becomes enacted calling for ALL students to
2001
become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

Special Education Timeline: Children Are The Future


This timeline shows us how far we've progressed towards a fair education for
everyone. At LearningRx we believe that children with disabilities can be as smart (if
not smarter) than non special students through brain training. We've proved it
thousands of times. LearningRx helps struggling students with disabilities become
smarter and overcome their difficulties. We strengthen their cognitive skills through
one-on-one mental exercises. Cognitive skills have been shown to be the leading
"weak link" causing learning disorders. To find out more information contact a local
LearningRx near you.

ranscript of History of Special Education in the Philippines


Special Education
The History of
1902
1950 to 1975
1926 to 1949
1976 to Present
in the Philippines
Fred Atkinson
General Superintendent of Education
reported to the Secretary of Public Instruction that deaf and blind children were found in
a census of school-aged children in Manila and nearby provinces
proposed that deaf and blind children be enrolled in schools like the other children
1907
David Barrows
worked for the establishment of the Insular School for the Deaf and the Blind in Manila
At present, the Philippine school for the Deaf is Located on Harrison Street, Pasay City.
Philippine Association for the Deaf was Founded
The Government established Welfareville Children's Village in Mandaluyong.
1927
1945
the National Orthopedic Hospital opened the School for Crippled Children
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students
1949
Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled was organized
1953
Elsie Gaches Village was established to take care of abandoned, orphaned and youth with
physical and mental disabilities
1954
first week of August was declared as Sight Saving Week
1955
Members of Lodge No.761 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks organized the
Elks Cerebral Palsy Project Incorporated.
First Parent Teacher Work Conference in Special Education was held at SDB
A time when the private sector started supporting the government's program for
Filipinos with disabilities
1957
The Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) of the Department of Education and Culture (DEC)
created the Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Services Division.
The program include:
legislation
teacher training
census of exceptional children
integration of children with disabilities in regular classes
rehabilitation of residential and special schools
material production
1962
Manila Youth Reception Center (MYRC) was opened for the socially maladjusted and
emotionally disturbed
DEC issued Circular No.11 s. 1962 "Qualifications of Special Education Teachers"
Experimental integration of blind children at the Jose Rizal Elementary School (Pasay)
St. Joseph of Cupertino School for the Mentally Retarted was founded
R.A. 5250: An act establishing a ten-year training program for teachers of special and
exceptional children in the Philippines.
teacher scholar at UP commenced in the areas of hearing impairment, mental retardation
and giftedness
1963
Teacher scholar training for blind children started at PNU
Philippine Printing House for the Blind was established (UNICEF & CARE, Philippines)
Manila Science High School for gifted students was established
1965
Training program for school administrators on the organization, administration and
supervision of special education classes.
First Institute on the Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded (Special Child
Study Center &ADMU)
1967
BPS organized the National Committee on Special Education
General Letter No.213: regulating the size of special classes for maximum effectiveness
1968
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for exceptional children started at PNU
1969
classes for socially maladjusted children were held at MYRC
Jose Fabella Memorial School was divided into five units:
Philippine Training School for Boys (Tanay)
Philippine Training School for Girls (Alabang)
Reception and Child Study Center (Manila)
Elsie Gaches Village (Alabang)
Nayon ng Kabataan (Pasay)
1970
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for children with behavioral problem started at
UP
the School for the Deaf and the Blind was reorganized into two separate residential
schools.
1973
1975
UNESCO & Philippine Association for the Retarded: First Asian Conference on Mental
Retardation was held in Manila
Silahis Concept of Special Education was implemented
Special Subjects and Services Division was abolished
1977 to 1987:
Decade
of
the
Filipino
Child
1976
First Camp Pag-ibig: day camp for children with physical disabilities
Molave Youth Home for Children with Behavioral Problem was organized in Quezon
CIty
1977
Ministry of Education issued Department Order No. 10: designating regional and division
supervisors of special education programs

Bacarra Special Education Center (Division of Ilocos Sur)


Bacolod Special Education Center (Division of Bacolod)
1978
Presidential Decree 1509:
Creation of National Commission Concerning Disabled Persons (NCCDP)
MEC Memorandum No. 285: directed school divisions to organize special classes with a
set of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal training
UP opened its special education training program for undergraduate students
PAD started mainstreaming program in the Division of Manila City Schools
1979
Caritas Medico-Pedagogical Institution for the Mentally Retarded was organized
Jagna Special Education Center in the Division of Bohol was organized
1980
School for Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
established
1981
UN: International Year of Disabled Persons
1983
Batas Pambansa Bilang 344- Accessibility Law:
"An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring cars, buildings,
institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices."
1987
Autism Society of the Philippines was organized
1993 to 2002:
Asian
and
the
Pacific
Decade
of
the
Disabled
Person
1996
the first week of January was declared as Autism Consciousness Week
First Seminar Workshop on Information Technology for the Visually Impaired
1997
DECS Order No.26: Institutionalization of Special Education Program in all Schools
First Philippine Wheelathon-a-race was the main event of the 19th Disability Prevention
and Rehabilitaion Week
1998
Palarong Pinoy Para sa May K was held at Philsport Complex
1999
DECS Order No.104: "Exemption of the Physically Handicapped from Taking the
National Achievement Test (NEAT) and the National Secondary Aptitude Test (NSAT)"
DECS Order No.108: "Strengthening of Special Education Program for the Gifted in
Public School System"
DECS Order No.448: "Search for the 1999 Most Outstanding Special Education Teacher
for the Gifted"
Memorandum No.457: "National Photo Contest on Disability"
2000s
DECS Order No.11: "Recognized Special Education Centers in the Philippines"

Memorandum No.24 "Fourth International Noise Awareness Day"

Every fourth week of November: National Observance of the week of gifted and talented

intro to SPED
Historical Milestones of
Special Education in the Philippines
1902
-
The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was expressed through Mr. Fred
Atkinson, the General Superintendent of Education.
1907
-
Special Education was formally started in the country by establishing the Insular School
for the Deaf and Blind in Manila.
1927
-
The government established the Welfareville Children’s Village, a school for people with
mental retardation in Mandaluyong.
1945
-
The National Orthopedic Hospital School for the Crippled Children and Youth is
established.
1949
-
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students.

1950
-
PAD opened a school for the children with hearing impairment
1953
-
The Elsie Gaches Village was established in Alabang to take care of the abandoned and
orphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.
1956
-
Special classes for the deaf in regular class were implemented.
1957
-
The Bureau of Public Schools of the Department of Education and Culture created the
Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Service Education.
1960
-
Some private college and universities started to offer special education courses on
graduate school curriculum
1963
-
With the approval of R.A. No. 3562, the training of DEC teacher scholars for blind
children started at the Philippine Normal University.

1965
-
Marked the start of training programs for school administrators on the supervision of
special classes held at UP
1969
- Classes for socially maladjusted children were organized at the manila Youth Reception
Center
1970
- Training of teacher for Children with behavior problems started at the University of the
Philippines
1973
- The juvenile and domestic Relations Court of Manila established the Tahanan Special
School for the socially maladjusted children and youth.
1975
- The Division of Manila City Schools implemented the Silahis Concept of Special
Education in public elementary schools.
1979
- The Bureau of Elementary Education Special Education unit conducted a two-year
nationwide survey if unidentified exceptional children who were in school.
1980
- The School for the Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
organized.
1990
- The Philippine institute for the Deaf, an oral school for children with hearing
impairment was established.
1992
- The summer training for teacher of the visually impaired started at the Philippine
Normal University
1993
- DECS issued Order No. 14 that directed regional officers to organize the Regional
Special Education Council (RESC)
1995
- The summer training for teachers of the hearing impaired was held at Philippine Normal
University
1998
- DECS order No. 5 “Reclassification of Regular teacher and principal items to SPED
teacher and special schools principal item"
1999
- DECS order no. 33 “Implementation of administrative order no. 101 directing the
Department of Public Works and highways, the DECS and the CHED to provide
architectural facilities or structural feature for disabled persons in all state college,
universities and other buildings
2EDPRE
Baloran,
Rajin
Rivera,
Chrisallie
Vanguardia,
Anne Germain
2000
-
DECS Order No. 11, s. 2000 - Recognized Special Education (SPED) Centers in the
Philippines
2002
-
An ongoing mobile teacher–training program by the Department of Education and the
University of the Philippines trains regular and special education teachers on how to
educate children with special needs.
2007-

Special Education Act of 2007 identifies ten groups of Children with Special Needs
2009
-
DepEd under its wing had 217 SPED Centers that cater to the needs of children with
special abilities. The department issued Braille textbooks to help especially visually
impaired children.
2010
-
Special Education Act of 2010, An act establishing at least one Special Education center
for each school division and at least three Special Education centers in big school
divisions for children with special needs, guidelines for government financial assistance
and other incentives and support
2012
-
DepEd has increased the funding for its Special Education program and is set to open
new centers
2013
-
DepEd organized a National Conference for SPED Teachers to sharpen their skills.

57. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

58.
1. 1817

2. The American School for the Deaf is founded in Hartford, Connecticut

3. First school for disabled children anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.

59.
1. 1848

2. The Perkins Institution, founded by Samuel Gridley Howe in Boston,


Massachusetts, was the first residential institution for people with mental retardation .

3. Over the next century, hundreds of thousands of developmentally disabled


children and adults were institutionalized , many for the rest of their lives.

60.
1. 1864

2. Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind was authorized by the
U.S. Congress to grant college degrees.
3. It was the first college in the world established for people with disabilities.

61.
1. 1883

2. Eugenics is a term that was coined by Sir Francis Galton in his book Essays
in Eugenics . Americans embraced the eugenics movement by passing laws to prevent
people with disabilities from moving to the U.S., marrying or having children.

3. Eugenics laws led to the institutionalization and forced sterilization of


disabled adults and children.

62.
1. 1912

2. The Threat of the Feeble Minded (pamphlet) created a climate of hysteria


allowing for massive human rights abuses of people with disabilities, including
institutionalization and forced sterilization.

63.
1. 1922

2. Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) (founded) Council works to inform


parents, teachers, and administration about the education of individuals with disabilities. It is
dedicated to helping improved the education for all disabled peoples by advocating policies,
educating the public, and setting professional standards.

64.
1. 1954

2. The U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruled that
separate schools for black and white children are unequal and unconstitutional.

3. This pivotal decision became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement.

65. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. In the sixties and seventies , initial provision consisted of special education


within segregated education provisions .

2. Historically, children with disabilities have been treated as “in-valid” or inferior


and in need of very special protection and thus as not being able to benefit from education.

66. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. This conceptualization led to exclusion and the construction of institutions to


accommodate these children. In this view, the child was to blame for not being able to
benefit from education.

2. Integration , which began in the West, in the late seventies and early eighties
was spurred by a progressive educational ideology.

67. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion


1. The parallel system to traditional schooling that developed, came to be
known as Special Education.

2. The second stage in this development has taken the form of Special Needs
Education. Special Needs Education, is a system of education for children with disabilities
within ordinary schools . This form of education represents an effort to provide education in
more ‘normal’ settings. However, a common characteristic of this provision of education is
that it has been offered in special classes and not in cooperation with other ‘mainstream’
children.

68. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education was originally set out to meet the needs of learners who
were being traditionally excluded from the school or were otherwise marginalized within the
classroom.

2. A series of shifts from focusing on the disabled child as a problem to focusing


on changes in the management of the classroom, revealed surprising changes in learning.

3. The results demonstrated benefits to those who were traditionally excluded


from learning as well as all the others in the classroom.

4. Today inclusive education or ‘inclusion in education’ is a conceptual


approach aimed at achieving quality education by making changes to accommodate all
learners regardless of their physical, social or psychological differences.

69. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education differs from previously held notion of ‘integration’ and


‘mainstreaming,’ which tended to be concerned principally with ‘special educational needs’
and implied learners changing or becoming ‘ready for’ accommodation by the mainstream.

2. By contrast, inclusion is about the child’s right to participate and the school’s
duty to accept and ensure this right.

70. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding to the diversity


of needs of all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures and
communities, and reducing exclusion within and from education .

71. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements have tended to feature strongly in the


conceptualisation of inclusion

1. Is a process : has to be seen as a never-ending search to find better


ways of responding to diversity

2. 2. Is concerned with the identification and removal of barriers :


involves collecting, collating and evaluating information from a wide variety of sources in
order to plan for improvements in policy and practice. It is about using evidence of various
kinds to stimulate creativity and problem-solving.
72. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements ...

1. 3. Is about the presence, participation and achievement of all


students : ‘presence’ is concerned with where children are educated, and how reliably and
punctually they attend; ‘participation’ relates to the quality of their experiences and,
therefore, must incorporate the views of the learners themselves; and ‘achievement’ is about
the outcomes of learning across the curriculum, not merely test or examination results.

2. 4. Involves a particular emphasis on those groups of learners who


may be at risk of marginalisation, exclusion or underachievement . This indicates the moral
responsibility to ensure that those groups that are statistically most ‘at risk’ are carefully
monitored, and that, where necessary, steps are taken to ensure their presence,
participation and achievement in the education system.

73.
1. 1972

2. The U.S. District Court, District of Columbia ruled in Mills v. Board of


Education that the District of Columbia could not exclude disabled children from the public
schools.

3. The U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, in PARC v.


Pennsylvania struck down various state laws used to exclude disabled children from the
public schools. Advocates cited these decisions during public hearings that led to the
passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.

74.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act was passed.

3. Sections 501, 503 and 504 prohibited discrimination in federal programs and
services and all other programs or services receiving federal funds.

75.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act

3. Key language: “No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United


States, shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, be
denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity
receiving federal financial assistance.”

76.
1. 1975

2. The Education of All Handicapped Children Act ( PL 94-142 ) required free,


appropriate public Education ( FAPE ) in the least restrictive ( LRE ) setting.

3. This Act was later renamed The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act
( IDEA ).
77.
1. 1975

2. The Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps ( TASH ) was founded by


special education professionals in response to PARC v. Pennsylvania (1972) and other right-
to-education cases.

3. This organization called for the end of aversive behavior modification and the
closing of all residential institutions for people with disabilities.

78. 1988 The "Deaf President Now" protest was held at Gallaudet University.
I. King Jordan became the first deaf president of Gallaudet University .

79.
1. 1990

2. The Americans with Disabilities Act

3. (signed by George W. Bush)

4. Provided comprehensive civil rights protection for people with disabilities.

5. Mandated access in public transportation, communication, and in other areas


of public life.

80.
1. 1990

2. ADA law was the most sweeping disability rights legislation in history.

3. It mandated that local, state and federal governments and programs be


accessible ,

4. that businesses with more than 15 employees make “reasonable


accommodations ” for disabled workers and

5. that public accommodations such as restaurants and stores make


“reasonable modifications” to ensure access for disabled members of the public.

81.
1. 1990

2. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was amended and renamed
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

82.
1. 2001

2. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law becomes enacted calling for ALL
students to become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

83.
1. 2004
2. Re authorization of IDEA

84. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

A Historical View of Special Education

Special Education Timeline: Overview


This special education timeline emphasizes the major events in the history of special
education. It gives a good overview of the progression towards our current special
education condition.

Special Education Timeline: Landmark Decisions


This special education timeline shows the landmark decisions leading up to and after
IDEA.

Parental advocacy groups are formed to push for federal help in the hope
1993
of fair educational opportunities for their children with disabilities.
Congress creates a Bureau of Education for the Handicapped later named
1965 Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP). Little change happens early
but it indicated change was approaching.
Two landmark decisions made through the Supreme Court decide that
1972 children with disabilities should have an equal right to access education.
Mills v. D.C. Board of Education & PARC v. Pennsylvania.

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is passed allowing
1974 parents access to all personal information used by the school regarding
their child.
An Act that allows all school districts to educate students with disabilities,
called the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), is passed.
1975
It is later amended and renamed as Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act (IDEA) in 1990.

The final federal regulations are passed and require school districts to adhere
1977
to a set of rules when providing education to children with disabilities.
Americans with Disabilities Act is enacted allowing disabled children to
1999 become more common place in school districts and gives parents and
children certain rights under IDEA.
The No Child Left Behind law becomes enacted calling for ALL students to
2001
become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

Special Education Timeline: Children Are The Future


This timeline shows us how far we've progressed towards a fair education for
everyone. At LearningRx we believe that children with disabilities can be as smart (if
not smarter) than non special students through brain training. We've proved it
thousands of times. LearningRx helps struggling students with disabilities become
smarter and overcome their difficulties. We strengthen their cognitive skills through
one-on-one mental exercises. Cognitive skills have been shown to be the leading
"weak link" causing learning disorders. To find out more information contact a local
LearningRx near you.
ranscript of History of Special Education in the Philippines
Special Education
The History of
1902
1950 to 1975
1926 to 1949
1976 to Present
in the Philippines
Fred Atkinson
General Superintendent of Education
reported to the Secretary of Public Instruction that deaf and blind children were found in
a census of school-aged children in Manila and nearby provinces
proposed that deaf and blind children be enrolled in schools like the other children
1907
David Barrows
worked for the establishment of the Insular School for the Deaf and the Blind in Manila
At present, the Philippine school for the Deaf is Located on Harrison Street, Pasay City.
Philippine Association for the Deaf was Founded
The Government established Welfareville Children's Village in Mandaluyong.
1927
1945
the National Orthopedic Hospital opened the School for Crippled Children
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students
1949
Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled was organized
1953
Elsie Gaches Village was established to take care of abandoned, orphaned and youth with
physical and mental disabilities
1954
first week of August was declared as Sight Saving Week
1955
Members of Lodge No.761 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks organized the
Elks Cerebral Palsy Project Incorporated.
First Parent Teacher Work Conference in Special Education was held at SDB
A time when the private sector started supporting the government's program for
Filipinos with disabilities
1957
The Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) of the Department of Education and Culture (DEC)
created the Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Services Division.
The program include:
legislation
teacher training
census of exceptional children
integration of children with disabilities in regular classes
rehabilitation of residential and special schools
material production
1962
Manila Youth Reception Center (MYRC) was opened for the socially maladjusted and
emotionally disturbed
DEC issued Circular No.11 s. 1962 "Qualifications of Special Education Teachers"
Experimental integration of blind children at the Jose Rizal Elementary School (Pasay)
St. Joseph of Cupertino School for the Mentally Retarted was founded
R.A. 5250: An act establishing a ten-year training program for teachers of special and
exceptional children in the Philippines.
teacher scholar at UP commenced in the areas of hearing impairment, mental retardation
and giftedness
1963
Teacher scholar training for blind children started at PNU
Philippine Printing House for the Blind was established (UNICEF & CARE, Philippines)
Manila Science High School for gifted students was established
1965
Training program for school administrators on the organization, administration and
supervision of special education classes.
First Institute on the Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded (Special Child
Study Center &ADMU)
1967
BPS organized the National Committee on Special Education
General Letter No.213: regulating the size of special classes for maximum effectiveness
1968
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for exceptional children started at PNU
1969
classes for socially maladjusted children were held at MYRC
Jose Fabella Memorial School was divided into five units:
Philippine Training School for Boys (Tanay)
Philippine Training School for Girls (Alabang)
Reception and Child Study Center (Manila)
Elsie Gaches Village (Alabang)
Nayon ng Kabataan (Pasay)
1970
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for children with behavioral problem started at
UP
the School for the Deaf and the Blind was reorganized into two separate residential
schools.
1973
1975
UNESCO & Philippine Association for the Retarded: First Asian Conference on Mental
Retardation was held in Manila
Silahis Concept of Special Education was implemented
Special Subjects and Services Division was abolished
1977 to 1987:
Decade
of
the
Filipino
Child
1976
First Camp Pag-ibig: day camp for children with physical disabilities
Molave Youth Home for Children with Behavioral Problem was organized in Quezon
CIty
1977
Ministry of Education issued Department Order No. 10: designating regional and division
supervisors of special education programs

Bacarra Special Education Center (Division of Ilocos Sur)


Bacolod Special Education Center (Division of Bacolod)
1978
Presidential Decree 1509:
Creation of National Commission Concerning Disabled Persons (NCCDP)
MEC Memorandum No. 285: directed school divisions to organize special classes with a
set of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal training
UP opened its special education training program for undergraduate students
PAD started mainstreaming program in the Division of Manila City Schools
1979
Caritas Medico-Pedagogical Institution for the Mentally Retarded was organized
Jagna Special Education Center in the Division of Bohol was organized
1980
School for Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
established
1981
UN: International Year of Disabled Persons
1983
Batas Pambansa Bilang 344- Accessibility Law:
"An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring cars, buildings,
institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices."
1987
Autism Society of the Philippines was organized
1993 to 2002:
Asian
and
the
Pacific
Decade
of
the
Disabled
Person
1996
the first week of January was declared as Autism Consciousness Week
First Seminar Workshop on Information Technology for the Visually Impaired
1997
DECS Order No.26: Institutionalization of Special Education Program in all Schools
First Philippine Wheelathon-a-race was the main event of the 19th Disability Prevention
and Rehabilitaion Week
1998
Palarong Pinoy Para sa May K was held at Philsport Complex
1999
DECS Order No.104: "Exemption of the Physically Handicapped from Taking the
National Achievement Test (NEAT) and the National Secondary Aptitude Test (NSAT)"
DECS Order No.108: "Strengthening of Special Education Program for the Gifted in
Public School System"
DECS Order No.448: "Search for the 1999 Most Outstanding Special Education Teacher
for the Gifted"
Memorandum No.457: "National Photo Contest on Disability"
2000s
DECS Order No.11: "Recognized Special Education Centers in the Philippines"

Memorandum No.24 "Fourth International Noise Awareness Day"

Every fourth week of November: National Observance of the week of gifted and talented

intro to SPED
Historical Milestones of
Special Education in the Philippines
1902
-
The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was expressed through Mr. Fred
Atkinson, the General Superintendent of Education.
1907
-
Special Education was formally started in the country by establishing the Insular School
for the Deaf and Blind in Manila.
1927
-
The government established the Welfareville Children’s Village, a school for people with
mental retardation in Mandaluyong.
1945
-
The National Orthopedic Hospital School for the Crippled Children and Youth is
established.
1949
-
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students.

1950
-
PAD opened a school for the children with hearing impairment
1953
-
The Elsie Gaches Village was established in Alabang to take care of the abandoned and
orphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.
1956
-
Special classes for the deaf in regular class were implemented.
1957
-
The Bureau of Public Schools of the Department of Education and Culture created the
Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Service Education.
1960
-
Some private college and universities started to offer special education courses on
graduate school curriculum
1963
-
With the approval of R.A. No. 3562, the training of DEC teacher scholars for blind
children started at the Philippine Normal University.

1965
-
Marked the start of training programs for school administrators on the supervision of
special classes held at UP
1969
- Classes for socially maladjusted children were organized at the manila Youth Reception
Center
1970
- Training of teacher for Children with behavior problems started at the University of the
Philippines
1973
- The juvenile and domestic Relations Court of Manila established the Tahanan Special
School for the socially maladjusted children and youth.
1975
- The Division of Manila City Schools implemented the Silahis Concept of Special
Education in public elementary schools.
1979
- The Bureau of Elementary Education Special Education unit conducted a two-year
nationwide survey if unidentified exceptional children who were in school.
1980
- The School for the Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
organized.
1990
- The Philippine institute for the Deaf, an oral school for children with hearing
impairment was established.
1992
- The summer training for teacher of the visually impaired started at the Philippine
Normal University
1993
- DECS issued Order No. 14 that directed regional officers to organize the Regional
Special Education Council (RESC)
1995
- The summer training for teachers of the hearing impaired was held at Philippine Normal
University
1998
- DECS order No. 5 “Reclassification of Regular teacher and principal items to SPED
teacher and special schools principal item"
1999
- DECS order no. 33 “Implementation of administrative order no. 101 directing the
Department of Public Works and highways, the DECS and the CHED to provide
architectural facilities or structural feature for disabled persons in all state college,
universities and other buildings
2EDPRE
Baloran,
Rajin
Rivera,
Chrisallie
Vanguardia,
Anne Germain
2000
-
DECS Order No. 11, s. 2000 - Recognized Special Education (SPED) Centers in the
Philippines
2002
-
An ongoing mobile teacher–training program by the Department of Education and the
University of the Philippines trains regular and special education teachers on how to
educate children with special needs.
2007-

Special Education Act of 2007 identifies ten groups of Children with Special Needs
2009
-
DepEd under its wing had 217 SPED Centers that cater to the needs of children with
special abilities. The department issued Braille textbooks to help especially visually
impaired children.
2010
-
Special Education Act of 2010, An act establishing at least one Special Education center
for each school division and at least three Special Education centers in big school
divisions for children with special needs, guidelines for government financial assistance
and other incentives and support
2012
-
DepEd has increased the funding for its Special Education program and is set to open
new centers
2013
-
DepEd organized a National Conference for SPED Teachers to sharpen their skills.

85. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

86.
1. 1817
2. The American School for the Deaf is founded in Hartford, Connecticut

3. First school for disabled children anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.

87.
1. 1848

2. The Perkins Institution, founded by Samuel Gridley Howe in Boston,


Massachusetts, was the first residential institution for people with mental retardation .

3. Over the next century, hundreds of thousands of developmentally disabled


children and adults were institutionalized , many for the rest of their lives.

88.
1. 1864

2. Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind was authorized by the
U.S. Congress to grant college degrees.

3. It was the first college in the world established for people with disabilities.

89.
1. 1883

2. Eugenics is a term that was coined by Sir Francis Galton in his book Essays
in Eugenics . Americans embraced the eugenics movement by passing laws to prevent
people with disabilities from moving to the U.S., marrying or having children.

3. Eugenics laws led to the institutionalization and forced sterilization of


disabled adults and children.

90.
1. 1912

2. The Threat of the Feeble Minded (pamphlet) created a climate of hysteria


allowing for massive human rights abuses of people with disabilities, including
institutionalization and forced sterilization.

91.
1. 1922

2. Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) (founded) Council works to inform


parents, teachers, and administration about the education of individuals with disabilities. It is
dedicated to helping improved the education for all disabled peoples by advocating policies,
educating the public, and setting professional standards.

92.
1. 1954

2. The U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruled that
separate schools for black and white children are unequal and unconstitutional.

3. This pivotal decision became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement.
93. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. In the sixties and seventies , initial provision consisted of special education


within segregated education provisions .

2. Historically, children with disabilities have been treated as “in-valid” or inferior


and in need of very special protection and thus as not being able to benefit from education.

94. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. This conceptualization led to exclusion and the construction of institutions to


accommodate these children. In this view, the child was to blame for not being able to
benefit from education.

2. Integration , which began in the West, in the late seventies and early eighties
was spurred by a progressive educational ideology.

95. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. The parallel system to traditional schooling that developed, came to be


known as Special Education.

2. The second stage in this development has taken the form of Special Needs
Education. Special Needs Education, is a system of education for children with disabilities
within ordinary schools . This form of education represents an effort to provide education in
more ‘normal’ settings. However, a common characteristic of this provision of education is
that it has been offered in special classes and not in cooperation with other ‘mainstream’
children.

96. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education was originally set out to meet the needs of learners who
were being traditionally excluded from the school or were otherwise marginalized within the
classroom.

2. A series of shifts from focusing on the disabled child as a problem to focusing


on changes in the management of the classroom, revealed surprising changes in learning.

3. The results demonstrated benefits to those who were traditionally excluded


from learning as well as all the others in the classroom.

4. Today inclusive education or ‘inclusion in education’ is a conceptual


approach aimed at achieving quality education by making changes to accommodate all
learners regardless of their physical, social or psychological differences.

97. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education differs from previously held notion of ‘integration’ and


‘mainstreaming,’ which tended to be concerned principally with ‘special educational needs’
and implied learners changing or becoming ‘ready for’ accommodation by the mainstream.

2. By contrast, inclusion is about the child’s right to participate and the school’s
duty to accept and ensure this right.
98. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding to the diversity


of needs of all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures and
communities, and reducing exclusion within and from education .

99. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements have tended to feature strongly in the


conceptualisation of inclusion

1. Is a process : has to be seen as a never-ending search to find better


ways of responding to diversity

2. 2. Is concerned with the identification and removal of barriers :


involves collecting, collating and evaluating information from a wide variety of sources in
order to plan for improvements in policy and practice. It is about using evidence of various
kinds to stimulate creativity and problem-solving.

100. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements ...

1. 3. Is about the presence, participation and achievement of all


students : ‘presence’ is concerned with where children are educated, and how reliably and
punctually they attend; ‘participation’ relates to the quality of their experiences and,
therefore, must incorporate the views of the learners themselves; and ‘achievement’ is about
the outcomes of learning across the curriculum, not merely test or examination results.

2. 4. Involves a particular emphasis on those groups of learners who


may be at risk of marginalisation, exclusion or underachievement . This indicates the moral
responsibility to ensure that those groups that are statistically most ‘at risk’ are carefully
monitored, and that, where necessary, steps are taken to ensure their presence,
participation and achievement in the education system.

101.
1. 1972

2. The U.S. District Court, District of Columbia ruled in Mills v. Board of


Education that the District of Columbia could not exclude disabled children from the public
schools.

3. The U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, in PARC v.


Pennsylvania struck down various state laws used to exclude disabled children from the
public schools. Advocates cited these decisions during public hearings that led to the
passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.

102.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act was passed.

3. Sections 501, 503 and 504 prohibited discrimination in federal programs and
services and all other programs or services receiving federal funds.
103.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act

3. Key language: “No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United


States, shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, be
denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity
receiving federal financial assistance.”

104.
1. 1975

2. The Education of All Handicapped Children Act ( PL 94-142 ) required free,


appropriate public Education ( FAPE ) in the least restrictive ( LRE ) setting.

3. This Act was later renamed The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act
( IDEA ).

105.
1. 1975

2. The Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps ( TASH ) was founded by


special education professionals in response to PARC v. Pennsylvania (1972) and other right-
to-education cases.

3. This organization called for the end of aversive behavior modification and the
closing of all residential institutions for people with disabilities.

106. 1988 The "Deaf President Now" protest was held at Gallaudet University.
I. King Jordan became the first deaf president of Gallaudet University .

107.
1. 1990

2. The Americans with Disabilities Act

3. (signed by George W. Bush)

4. Provided comprehensive civil rights protection for people with disabilities.

5. Mandated access in public transportation, communication, and in other areas


of public life.

108.
1. 1990

2. ADA law was the most sweeping disability rights legislation in history.

3. It mandated that local, state and federal governments and programs be


accessible ,

4. that businesses with more than 15 employees make “reasonable


accommodations ” for disabled workers and
5. that public accommodations such as restaurants and stores make
“reasonable modifications” to ensure access for disabled members of the public.

109.
1. 1990

2. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was amended and renamed
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

110.
1. 2001

2. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law becomes enacted calling for ALL
students to become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

111.
1. 2004

2. Re authorization of IDEA

112. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

A Historical View of Special Education

Special Education Timeline: Overview


This special education timeline emphasizes the major events in the history of special
education. It gives a good overview of the progression towards our current special
education condition.

Special Education Timeline: Landmark Decisions


This special education timeline shows the landmark decisions leading up to and after
IDEA.

Parental advocacy groups are formed to push for federal help in the hope
1993
of fair educational opportunities for their children with disabilities.
Congress creates a Bureau of Education for the Handicapped later named
1965 Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP). Little change happens early
but it indicated change was approaching.
Two landmark decisions made through the Supreme Court decide that
1972 children with disabilities should have an equal right to access education.
Mills v. D.C. Board of Education & PARC v. Pennsylvania.

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is passed allowing
1974 parents access to all personal information used by the school regarding
their child.
An Act that allows all school districts to educate students with disabilities,
called the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), is passed.
1975
It is later amended and renamed as Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act (IDEA) in 1990.
1977
The final federal regulations are passed and require school districts to adhere
to a set of rules when providing education to children with disabilities.
Americans with Disabilities Act is enacted allowing disabled children to
1999 become more common place in school districts and gives parents and
children certain rights under IDEA.
The No Child Left Behind law becomes enacted calling for ALL students to
2001
become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

Special Education Timeline: Children Are The Future


This timeline shows us how far we've progressed towards a fair education for
everyone. At LearningRx we believe that children with disabilities can be as smart (if
not smarter) than non special students through brain training. We've proved it
thousands of times. LearningRx helps struggling students with disabilities become
smarter and overcome their difficulties. We strengthen their cognitive skills through
one-on-one mental exercises. Cognitive skills have been shown to be the leading
"weak link" causing learning disorders. To find out more information contact a local
LearningRx near you.

ranscript of History of Special Education in the Philippines


Special Education
The History of
1902
1950 to 1975
1926 to 1949
1976 to Present
in the Philippines
Fred Atkinson
General Superintendent of Education
reported to the Secretary of Public Instruction that deaf and blind children were found in
a census of school-aged children in Manila and nearby provinces
proposed that deaf and blind children be enrolled in schools like the other children
1907
David Barrows
worked for the establishment of the Insular School for the Deaf and the Blind in Manila
At present, the Philippine school for the Deaf is Located on Harrison Street, Pasay City.
Philippine Association for the Deaf was Founded
The Government established Welfareville Children's Village in Mandaluyong.
1927
1945
the National Orthopedic Hospital opened the School for Crippled Children
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students
1949
Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled was organized
1953
Elsie Gaches Village was established to take care of abandoned, orphaned and youth with
physical and mental disabilities
1954
first week of August was declared as Sight Saving Week
1955
Members of Lodge No.761 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks organized the
Elks Cerebral Palsy Project Incorporated.
First Parent Teacher Work Conference in Special Education was held at SDB
A time when the private sector started supporting the government's program for
Filipinos with disabilities
1957
The Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) of the Department of Education and Culture (DEC)
created the Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Services Division.
The program include:
legislation
teacher training
census of exceptional children
integration of children with disabilities in regular classes
rehabilitation of residential and special schools
material production
1962
Manila Youth Reception Center (MYRC) was opened for the socially maladjusted and
emotionally disturbed
DEC issued Circular No.11 s. 1962 "Qualifications of Special Education Teachers"
Experimental integration of blind children at the Jose Rizal Elementary School (Pasay)
St. Joseph of Cupertino School for the Mentally Retarted was founded
R.A. 5250: An act establishing a ten-year training program for teachers of special and
exceptional children in the Philippines.
teacher scholar at UP commenced in the areas of hearing impairment, mental retardation
and giftedness
1963
Teacher scholar training for blind children started at PNU
Philippine Printing House for the Blind was established (UNICEF & CARE, Philippines)
Manila Science High School for gifted students was established
1965
Training program for school administrators on the organization, administration and
supervision of special education classes.
First Institute on the Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded (Special Child
Study Center &ADMU)
1967
BPS organized the National Committee on Special Education
General Letter No.213: regulating the size of special classes for maximum effectiveness
1968
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for exceptional children started at PNU
1969
classes for socially maladjusted children were held at MYRC
Jose Fabella Memorial School was divided into five units:
Philippine Training School for Boys (Tanay)
Philippine Training School for Girls (Alabang)
Reception and Child Study Center (Manila)
Elsie Gaches Village (Alabang)
Nayon ng Kabataan (Pasay)
1970
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for children with behavioral problem started at
UP
the School for the Deaf and the Blind was reorganized into two separate residential
schools.
1973
1975
UNESCO & Philippine Association for the Retarded: First Asian Conference on Mental
Retardation was held in Manila
Silahis Concept of Special Education was implemented
Special Subjects and Services Division was abolished
1977 to 1987:
Decade
of
the
Filipino
Child
1976
First Camp Pag-ibig: day camp for children with physical disabilities
Molave Youth Home for Children with Behavioral Problem was organized in Quezon
CIty
1977
Ministry of Education issued Department Order No. 10: designating regional and division
supervisors of special education programs

Bacarra Special Education Center (Division of Ilocos Sur)


Bacolod Special Education Center (Division of Bacolod)
1978
Presidential Decree 1509:
Creation of National Commission Concerning Disabled Persons (NCCDP)
MEC Memorandum No. 285: directed school divisions to organize special classes with a
set of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal training
UP opened its special education training program for undergraduate students
PAD started mainstreaming program in the Division of Manila City Schools
1979
Caritas Medico-Pedagogical Institution for the Mentally Retarded was organized
Jagna Special Education Center in the Division of Bohol was organized
1980
School for Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
established
1981
UN: International Year of Disabled Persons
1983
Batas Pambansa Bilang 344- Accessibility Law:
"An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring cars, buildings,
institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices."
1987
Autism Society of the Philippines was organized
1993 to 2002:
Asian
and
the
Pacific
Decade
of
the
Disabled
Person
1996
the first week of January was declared as Autism Consciousness Week
First Seminar Workshop on Information Technology for the Visually Impaired
1997
DECS Order No.26: Institutionalization of Special Education Program in all Schools
First Philippine Wheelathon-a-race was the main event of the 19th Disability Prevention
and Rehabilitaion Week
1998
Palarong Pinoy Para sa May K was held at Philsport Complex
1999
DECS Order No.104: "Exemption of the Physically Handicapped from Taking the
National Achievement Test (NEAT) and the National Secondary Aptitude Test (NSAT)"
DECS Order No.108: "Strengthening of Special Education Program for the Gifted in
Public School System"
DECS Order No.448: "Search for the 1999 Most Outstanding Special Education Teacher
for the Gifted"
Memorandum No.457: "National Photo Contest on Disability"
2000s
DECS Order No.11: "Recognized Special Education Centers in the Philippines"

Memorandum No.24 "Fourth International Noise Awareness Day"

Every fourth week of November: National Observance of the week of gifted and talented

intro to SPED
Historical Milestones of
Special Education in the Philippines
1902
-
The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was expressed through Mr. Fred
Atkinson, the General Superintendent of Education.
1907
-
Special Education was formally started in the country by establishing the Insular School
for the Deaf and Blind in Manila.
1927
-
The government established the Welfareville Children’s Village, a school for people with
mental retardation in Mandaluyong.
1945
-
The National Orthopedic Hospital School for the Crippled Children and Youth is
established.
1949
-
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students.

1950
-
PAD opened a school for the children with hearing impairment
1953
-
The Elsie Gaches Village was established in Alabang to take care of the abandoned and
orphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.
1956
-
Special classes for the deaf in regular class were implemented.
1957
-
The Bureau of Public Schools of the Department of Education and Culture created the
Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Service Education.
1960
-
Some private college and universities started to offer special education courses on
graduate school curriculum
1963
-
With the approval of R.A. No. 3562, the training of DEC teacher scholars for blind
children started at the Philippine Normal University.

1965
-
Marked the start of training programs for school administrators on the supervision of
special classes held at UP
1969
- Classes for socially maladjusted children were organized at the manila Youth Reception
Center
1970
- Training of teacher for Children with behavior problems started at the University of the
Philippines
1973
- The juvenile and domestic Relations Court of Manila established the Tahanan Special
School for the socially maladjusted children and youth.
1975
- The Division of Manila City Schools implemented the Silahis Concept of Special
Education in public elementary schools.
1979
- The Bureau of Elementary Education Special Education unit conducted a two-year
nationwide survey if unidentified exceptional children who were in school.
1980
- The School for the Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
organized.
1990
- The Philippine institute for the Deaf, an oral school for children with hearing
impairment was established.
1992
- The summer training for teacher of the visually impaired started at the Philippine
Normal University
1993
- DECS issued Order No. 14 that directed regional officers to organize the Regional
Special Education Council (RESC)
1995
- The summer training for teachers of the hearing impaired was held at Philippine Normal
University
1998
- DECS order No. 5 “Reclassification of Regular teacher and principal items to SPED
teacher and special schools principal item"
1999
- DECS order no. 33 “Implementation of administrative order no. 101 directing the
Department of Public Works and highways, the DECS and the CHED to provide
architectural facilities or structural feature for disabled persons in all state college,
universities and other buildings
2EDPRE
Baloran,
Rajin
Rivera,
Chrisallie
Vanguardia,
Anne Germain
2000
-
DECS Order No. 11, s. 2000 - Recognized Special Education (SPED) Centers in the
Philippines
2002
-
An ongoing mobile teacher–training program by the Department of Education and the
University of the Philippines trains regular and special education teachers on how to
educate children with special needs.
2007-

Special Education Act of 2007 identifies ten groups of Children with Special Needs
2009
-
DepEd under its wing had 217 SPED Centers that cater to the needs of children with
special abilities. The department issued Braille textbooks to help especially visually
impaired children.
2010
-
Special Education Act of 2010, An act establishing at least one Special Education center
for each school division and at least three Special Education centers in big school
divisions for children with special needs, guidelines for government financial assistance
and other incentives and support
2012
-
DepEd has increased the funding for its Special Education program and is set to open
new centers
2013
-
DepEd organized a National Conference for SPED Teachers to sharpen their skills.

113. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

114.
1. 1817

2. The American School for the Deaf is founded in Hartford, Connecticut

3. First school for disabled children anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.

115.
1. 1848

2. The Perkins Institution, founded by Samuel Gridley Howe in Boston,


Massachusetts, was the first residential institution for people with mental retardation .

3. Over the next century, hundreds of thousands of developmentally disabled


children and adults were institutionalized , many for the rest of their lives.

116.
1. 1864

2. Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind was authorized by the
U.S. Congress to grant college degrees.

3. It was the first college in the world established for people with disabilities.

117.
1. 1883

2. Eugenics is a term that was coined by Sir Francis Galton in his book Essays
in Eugenics . Americans embraced the eugenics movement by passing laws to prevent
people with disabilities from moving to the U.S., marrying or having children.

3. Eugenics laws led to the institutionalization and forced sterilization of


disabled adults and children.

118.
1. 1912
2. The Threat of the Feeble Minded (pamphlet) created a climate of hysteria
allowing for massive human rights abuses of people with disabilities, including
institutionalization and forced sterilization.

119.
1. 1922

2. Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) (founded) Council works to inform


parents, teachers, and administration about the education of individuals with disabilities. It is
dedicated to helping improved the education for all disabled peoples by advocating policies,
educating the public, and setting professional standards.

120.
1. 1954

2. The U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruled that
separate schools for black and white children are unequal and unconstitutional.

3. This pivotal decision became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement.

121. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. In the sixties and seventies , initial provision consisted of special education


within segregated education provisions .

2. Historically, children with disabilities have been treated as “in-valid” or inferior


and in need of very special protection and thus as not being able to benefit from education.

122. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. This conceptualization led to exclusion and the construction of institutions to


accommodate these children. In this view, the child was to blame for not being able to
benefit from education.

2. Integration , which began in the West, in the late seventies and early eighties
was spurred by a progressive educational ideology.

123. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. The parallel system to traditional schooling that developed, came to be


known as Special Education.

2. The second stage in this development has taken the form of Special Needs
Education. Special Needs Education, is a system of education for children with disabilities
within ordinary schools . This form of education represents an effort to provide education in
more ‘normal’ settings. However, a common characteristic of this provision of education is
that it has been offered in special classes and not in cooperation with other ‘mainstream’
children.

124. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education was originally set out to meet the needs of learners who
were being traditionally excluded from the school or were otherwise marginalized within the
classroom.
2. A series of shifts from focusing on the disabled child as a problem to focusing
on changes in the management of the classroom, revealed surprising changes in learning.

3. The results demonstrated benefits to those who were traditionally excluded


from learning as well as all the others in the classroom.

4. Today inclusive education or ‘inclusion in education’ is a conceptual


approach aimed at achieving quality education by making changes to accommodate all
learners regardless of their physical, social or psychological differences.

125. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education differs from previously held notion of ‘integration’ and


‘mainstreaming,’ which tended to be concerned principally with ‘special educational needs’
and implied learners changing or becoming ‘ready for’ accommodation by the mainstream.

2. By contrast, inclusion is about the child’s right to participate and the school’s
duty to accept and ensure this right.

126. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding to the diversity


of needs of all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures and
communities, and reducing exclusion within and from education .

127. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements have tended to feature strongly in the


conceptualisation of inclusion

1. Is a process : has to be seen as a never-ending search to find better


ways of responding to diversity

2. 2. Is concerned with the identification and removal of barriers :


involves collecting, collating and evaluating information from a wide variety of sources in
order to plan for improvements in policy and practice. It is about using evidence of various
kinds to stimulate creativity and problem-solving.

128. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements ...

1. 3. Is about the presence, participation and achievement of all


students : ‘presence’ is concerned with where children are educated, and how reliably and
punctually they attend; ‘participation’ relates to the quality of their experiences and,
therefore, must incorporate the views of the learners themselves; and ‘achievement’ is about
the outcomes of learning across the curriculum, not merely test or examination results.

2. 4. Involves a particular emphasis on those groups of learners who


may be at risk of marginalisation, exclusion or underachievement . This indicates the moral
responsibility to ensure that those groups that are statistically most ‘at risk’ are carefully
monitored, and that, where necessary, steps are taken to ensure their presence,
participation and achievement in the education system.
129.
1. 1972

2. The U.S. District Court, District of Columbia ruled in Mills v. Board of


Education that the District of Columbia could not exclude disabled children from the public
schools.

3. The U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, in PARC v.


Pennsylvania struck down various state laws used to exclude disabled children from the
public schools. Advocates cited these decisions during public hearings that led to the
passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.

130.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act was passed.

3. Sections 501, 503 and 504 prohibited discrimination in federal programs and
services and all other programs or services receiving federal funds.

131.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act

3. Key language: “No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United


States, shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, be
denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity
receiving federal financial assistance.”

132.
1. 1975

2. The Education of All Handicapped Children Act ( PL 94-142 ) required free,


appropriate public Education ( FAPE ) in the least restrictive ( LRE ) setting.

3. This Act was later renamed The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act
( IDEA ).

133.
1. 1975

2. The Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps ( TASH ) was founded by


special education professionals in response to PARC v. Pennsylvania (1972) and other right-
to-education cases.

3. This organization called for the end of aversive behavior modification and the
closing of all residential institutions for people with disabilities.

134. 1988 The "Deaf President Now" protest was held at Gallaudet University.
I. King Jordan became the first deaf president of Gallaudet University .

135.
1. 1990
2. The Americans with Disabilities Act

3. (signed by George W. Bush)

4. Provided comprehensive civil rights protection for people with disabilities.

5. Mandated access in public transportation, communication, and in other areas


of public life.

136.
1. 1990

2. ADA law was the most sweeping disability rights legislation in history.

3. It mandated that local, state and federal governments and programs be


accessible ,

4. that businesses with more than 15 employees make “reasonable


accommodations ” for disabled workers and

5. that public accommodations such as restaurants and stores make


“reasonable modifications” to ensure access for disabled members of the public.

137.
1. 1990

2. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was amended and renamed
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

138.
1. 2001

2. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law becomes enacted calling for ALL
students to become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

139.
1. 2004

2. Re authorization of IDEA

140. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

A Historical View of Special Education

Special Education Timeline: Overview


This special education timeline emphasizes the major events in the history of special
education. It gives a good overview of the progression towards our current special
education condition.

Special Education Timeline: Landmark Decisions


This special education timeline shows the landmark decisions leading up to and after
IDEA.
Parental advocacy groups are formed to push for federal help in the hope
1993
of fair educational opportunities for their children with disabilities.
Congress creates a Bureau of Education for the Handicapped later named
1965 Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP). Little change happens early
but it indicated change was approaching.
Two landmark decisions made through the Supreme Court decide that
1972 children with disabilities should have an equal right to access education.
Mills v. D.C. Board of Education & PARC v. Pennsylvania.

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is passed allowing
1974 parents access to all personal information used by the school regarding
their child.
An Act that allows all school districts to educate students with disabilities,
called the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), is passed.
1975
It is later amended and renamed as Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act (IDEA) in 1990.

The final federal regulations are passed and require school districts to adhere
1977
to a set of rules when providing education to children with disabilities.
Americans with Disabilities Act is enacted allowing disabled children to
1999 become more common place in school districts and gives parents and
children certain rights under IDEA.
The No Child Left Behind law becomes enacted calling for ALL students to
2001
become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

Special Education Timeline: Children Are The Future


This timeline shows us how far we've progressed towards a fair education for
everyone. At LearningRx we believe that children with disabilities can be as smart (if
not smarter) than non special students through brain training. We've proved it
thousands of times. LearningRx helps struggling students with disabilities become
smarter and overcome their difficulties. We strengthen their cognitive skills through
one-on-one mental exercises. Cognitive skills have been shown to be the leading
"weak link" causing learning disorders. To find out more information contact a local
LearningRx near you.

ranscript of History of Special Education in the Philippines


Special Education
The History of
1902
1950 to 1975
1926 to 1949
1976 to Present
in the Philippines
Fred Atkinson
General Superintendent of Education
reported to the Secretary of Public Instruction that deaf and blind children were found in
a census of school-aged children in Manila and nearby provinces
proposed that deaf and blind children be enrolled in schools like the other children
1907
David Barrows
worked for the establishment of the Insular School for the Deaf and the Blind in Manila
At present, the Philippine school for the Deaf is Located on Harrison Street, Pasay City.
Philippine Association for the Deaf was Founded
The Government established Welfareville Children's Village in Mandaluyong.
1927
1945
the National Orthopedic Hospital opened the School for Crippled Children
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students
1949
Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled was organized
1953
Elsie Gaches Village was established to take care of abandoned, orphaned and youth with
physical and mental disabilities
1954
first week of August was declared as Sight Saving Week
1955
Members of Lodge No.761 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks organized the
Elks Cerebral Palsy Project Incorporated.
First Parent Teacher Work Conference in Special Education was held at SDB
A time when the private sector started supporting the government's program for
Filipinos with disabilities
1957
The Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) of the Department of Education and Culture (DEC)
created the Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Services Division.
The program include:
legislation
teacher training
census of exceptional children
integration of children with disabilities in regular classes
rehabilitation of residential and special schools
material production
1962
Manila Youth Reception Center (MYRC) was opened for the socially maladjusted and
emotionally disturbed
DEC issued Circular No.11 s. 1962 "Qualifications of Special Education Teachers"
Experimental integration of blind children at the Jose Rizal Elementary School (Pasay)
St. Joseph of Cupertino School for the Mentally Retarted was founded
R.A. 5250: An act establishing a ten-year training program for teachers of special and
exceptional children in the Philippines.
teacher scholar at UP commenced in the areas of hearing impairment, mental retardation
and giftedness
1963
Teacher scholar training for blind children started at PNU
Philippine Printing House for the Blind was established (UNICEF & CARE, Philippines)
Manila Science High School for gifted students was established
1965
Training program for school administrators on the organization, administration and
supervision of special education classes.
First Institute on the Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded (Special Child
Study Center &ADMU)
1967
BPS organized the National Committee on Special Education
General Letter No.213: regulating the size of special classes for maximum effectiveness
1968
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for exceptional children started at PNU
1969
classes for socially maladjusted children were held at MYRC
Jose Fabella Memorial School was divided into five units:
Philippine Training School for Boys (Tanay)
Philippine Training School for Girls (Alabang)
Reception and Child Study Center (Manila)
Elsie Gaches Village (Alabang)
Nayon ng Kabataan (Pasay)
1970
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for children with behavioral problem started at
UP
the School for the Deaf and the Blind was reorganized into two separate residential
schools.
1973
1975
UNESCO & Philippine Association for the Retarded: First Asian Conference on Mental
Retardation was held in Manila
Silahis Concept of Special Education was implemented
Special Subjects and Services Division was abolished
1977 to 1987:
Decade
of
the
Filipino
Child
1976
First Camp Pag-ibig: day camp for children with physical disabilities
Molave Youth Home for Children with Behavioral Problem was organized in Quezon
CIty
1977
Ministry of Education issued Department Order No. 10: designating regional and division
supervisors of special education programs

Bacarra Special Education Center (Division of Ilocos Sur)


Bacolod Special Education Center (Division of Bacolod)
1978
Presidential Decree 1509:
Creation of National Commission Concerning Disabled Persons (NCCDP)
MEC Memorandum No. 285: directed school divisions to organize special classes with a
set of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal training
UP opened its special education training program for undergraduate students
PAD started mainstreaming program in the Division of Manila City Schools
1979
Caritas Medico-Pedagogical Institution for the Mentally Retarded was organized
Jagna Special Education Center in the Division of Bohol was organized
1980
School for Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
established
1981
UN: International Year of Disabled Persons
1983
Batas Pambansa Bilang 344- Accessibility Law:
"An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring cars, buildings,
institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices."
1987
Autism Society of the Philippines was organized
1993 to 2002:
Asian
and
the
Pacific
Decade
of
the
Disabled
Person
1996
the first week of January was declared as Autism Consciousness Week
First Seminar Workshop on Information Technology for the Visually Impaired
1997
DECS Order No.26: Institutionalization of Special Education Program in all Schools
First Philippine Wheelathon-a-race was the main event of the 19th Disability Prevention
and Rehabilitaion Week
1998
Palarong Pinoy Para sa May K was held at Philsport Complex
1999
DECS Order No.104: "Exemption of the Physically Handicapped from Taking the
National Achievement Test (NEAT) and the National Secondary Aptitude Test (NSAT)"
DECS Order No.108: "Strengthening of Special Education Program for the Gifted in
Public School System"
DECS Order No.448: "Search for the 1999 Most Outstanding Special Education Teacher
for the Gifted"
Memorandum No.457: "National Photo Contest on Disability"
2000s
DECS Order No.11: "Recognized Special Education Centers in the Philippines"

Memorandum No.24 "Fourth International Noise Awareness Day"

Every fourth week of November: National Observance of the week of gifted and talented

intro to SPED
Historical Milestones of
Special Education in the Philippines
1902
-
The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was expressed through Mr. Fred
Atkinson, the General Superintendent of Education.
1907
-
Special Education was formally started in the country by establishing the Insular School
for the Deaf and Blind in Manila.
1927
-
The government established the Welfareville Children’s Village, a school for people with
mental retardation in Mandaluyong.
1945
-
The National Orthopedic Hospital School for the Crippled Children and Youth is
established.
1949
-
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students.

1950
-
PAD opened a school for the children with hearing impairment
1953
-
The Elsie Gaches Village was established in Alabang to take care of the abandoned and
orphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.
1956
-
Special classes for the deaf in regular class were implemented.
1957
-
The Bureau of Public Schools of the Department of Education and Culture created the
Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Service Education.
1960
-
Some private college and universities started to offer special education courses on
graduate school curriculum
1963
-
With the approval of R.A. No. 3562, the training of DEC teacher scholars for blind
children started at the Philippine Normal University.

1965
-
Marked the start of training programs for school administrators on the supervision of
special classes held at UP
1969
- Classes for socially maladjusted children were organized at the manila Youth Reception
Center
1970
- Training of teacher for Children with behavior problems started at the University of the
Philippines
1973
- The juvenile and domestic Relations Court of Manila established the Tahanan Special
School for the socially maladjusted children and youth.
1975
- The Division of Manila City Schools implemented the Silahis Concept of Special
Education in public elementary schools.
1979
- The Bureau of Elementary Education Special Education unit conducted a two-year
nationwide survey if unidentified exceptional children who were in school.
1980
- The School for the Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
organized.
1990
- The Philippine institute for the Deaf, an oral school for children with hearing
impairment was established.
1992
- The summer training for teacher of the visually impaired started at the Philippine
Normal University
1993
- DECS issued Order No. 14 that directed regional officers to organize the Regional
Special Education Council (RESC)
1995
- The summer training for teachers of the hearing impaired was held at Philippine Normal
University
1998
- DECS order No. 5 “Reclassification of Regular teacher and principal items to SPED
teacher and special schools principal item"
1999
- DECS order no. 33 “Implementation of administrative order no. 101 directing the
Department of Public Works and highways, the DECS and the CHED to provide
architectural facilities or structural feature for disabled persons in all state college,
universities and other buildings
2EDPRE
Baloran,
Rajin
Rivera,
Chrisallie
Vanguardia,
Anne Germain
2000
-
DECS Order No. 11, s. 2000 - Recognized Special Education (SPED) Centers in the
Philippines
2002
-
An ongoing mobile teacher–training program by the Department of Education and the
University of the Philippines trains regular and special education teachers on how to
educate children with special needs.
2007-

Special Education Act of 2007 identifies ten groups of Children with Special Needs
2009
-
DepEd under its wing had 217 SPED Centers that cater to the needs of children with
special abilities. The department issued Braille textbooks to help especially visually
impaired children.
2010
-
Special Education Act of 2010, An act establishing at least one Special Education center
for each school division and at least three Special Education centers in big school
divisions for children with special needs, guidelines for government financial assistance
and other incentives and support
2012
-
DepEd has increased the funding for its Special Education program and is set to open
new centers
2013
-
DepEd organized a National Conference for SPED Teachers to sharpen their skills.

141. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

142.
1. 1817

2. The American School for the Deaf is founded in Hartford, Connecticut

3. First school for disabled children anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.

143.
1. 1848

2. The Perkins Institution, founded by Samuel Gridley Howe in Boston,


Massachusetts, was the first residential institution for people with mental retardation .

3. Over the next century, hundreds of thousands of developmentally disabled


children and adults were institutionalized , many for the rest of their lives.

144.
1. 1864

2. Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind was authorized by the
U.S. Congress to grant college degrees.

3. It was the first college in the world established for people with disabilities.

145.
1. 1883

2. Eugenics is a term that was coined by Sir Francis Galton in his book Essays
in Eugenics . Americans embraced the eugenics movement by passing laws to prevent
people with disabilities from moving to the U.S., marrying or having children.

3. Eugenics laws led to the institutionalization and forced sterilization of


disabled adults and children.

146.
1. 1912

2. The Threat of the Feeble Minded (pamphlet) created a climate of hysteria


allowing for massive human rights abuses of people with disabilities, including
institutionalization and forced sterilization.

147.
1. 1922

2. Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) (founded) Council works to inform


parents, teachers, and administration about the education of individuals with disabilities. It is
dedicated to helping improved the education for all disabled peoples by advocating policies,
educating the public, and setting professional standards.

148.
1. 1954

2. The U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruled that
separate schools for black and white children are unequal and unconstitutional.

3. This pivotal decision became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement.

149. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. In the sixties and seventies , initial provision consisted of special education


within segregated education provisions .

2. Historically, children with disabilities have been treated as “in-valid” or inferior


and in need of very special protection and thus as not being able to benefit from education.

150. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. This conceptualization led to exclusion and the construction of institutions to


accommodate these children. In this view, the child was to blame for not being able to
benefit from education.
2. Integration , which began in the West, in the late seventies and early eighties
was spurred by a progressive educational ideology.

151. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. The parallel system to traditional schooling that developed, came to be


known as Special Education.

2. The second stage in this development has taken the form of Special Needs
Education. Special Needs Education, is a system of education for children with disabilities
within ordinary schools . This form of education represents an effort to provide education in
more ‘normal’ settings. However, a common characteristic of this provision of education is
that it has been offered in special classes and not in cooperation with other ‘mainstream’
children.

152. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education was originally set out to meet the needs of learners who
were being traditionally excluded from the school or were otherwise marginalized within the
classroom.

2. A series of shifts from focusing on the disabled child as a problem to focusing


on changes in the management of the classroom, revealed surprising changes in learning.

3. The results demonstrated benefits to those who were traditionally excluded


from learning as well as all the others in the classroom.

4. Today inclusive education or ‘inclusion in education’ is a conceptual


approach aimed at achieving quality education by making changes to accommodate all
learners regardless of their physical, social or psychological differences.

153. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education differs from previously held notion of ‘integration’ and


‘mainstreaming,’ which tended to be concerned principally with ‘special educational needs’
and implied learners changing or becoming ‘ready for’ accommodation by the mainstream.

2. By contrast, inclusion is about the child’s right to participate and the school’s
duty to accept and ensure this right.

154. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding to the diversity


of needs of all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures and
communities, and reducing exclusion within and from education .

155. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements have tended to feature strongly in the


conceptualisation of inclusion

1. Is a process : has to be seen as a never-ending search to find better


ways of responding to diversity
2. 2. Is concerned with the identification and removal of barriers :
involves collecting, collating and evaluating information from a wide variety of sources in
order to plan for improvements in policy and practice. It is about using evidence of various
kinds to stimulate creativity and problem-solving.

156. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements ...

1. 3. Is about the presence, participation and achievement of all


students : ‘presence’ is concerned with where children are educated, and how reliably and
punctually they attend; ‘participation’ relates to the quality of their experiences and,
therefore, must incorporate the views of the learners themselves; and ‘achievement’ is about
the outcomes of learning across the curriculum, not merely test or examination results.

2. 4. Involves a particular emphasis on those groups of learners who


may be at risk of marginalisation, exclusion or underachievement . This indicates the moral
responsibility to ensure that those groups that are statistically most ‘at risk’ are carefully
monitored, and that, where necessary, steps are taken to ensure their presence,
participation and achievement in the education system.

157.
1. 1972

2. The U.S. District Court, District of Columbia ruled in Mills v. Board of


Education that the District of Columbia could not exclude disabled children from the public
schools.

3. The U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, in PARC v.


Pennsylvania struck down various state laws used to exclude disabled children from the
public schools. Advocates cited these decisions during public hearings that led to the
passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.

158.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act was passed.

3. Sections 501, 503 and 504 prohibited discrimination in federal programs and
services and all other programs or services receiving federal funds.

159.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act

3. Key language: “No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United


States, shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, be
denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity
receiving federal financial assistance.”

160.
1. 1975
2. The Education of All Handicapped Children Act ( PL 94-142 ) required free,
appropriate public Education ( FAPE ) in the least restrictive ( LRE ) setting.

3. This Act was later renamed The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act
( IDEA ).

161.
1. 1975

2. The Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps ( TASH ) was founded by


special education professionals in response to PARC v. Pennsylvania (1972) and other right-
to-education cases.

3. This organization called for the end of aversive behavior modification and the
closing of all residential institutions for people with disabilities.

162. 1988 The "Deaf President Now" protest was held at Gallaudet University.
I. King Jordan became the first deaf president of Gallaudet University .

163.
1. 1990

2. The Americans with Disabilities Act

3. (signed by George W. Bush)

4. Provided comprehensive civil rights protection for people with disabilities.

5. Mandated access in public transportation, communication, and in other areas


of public life.

164.
1. 1990

2. ADA law was the most sweeping disability rights legislation in history.

3. It mandated that local, state and federal governments and programs be


accessible ,

4. that businesses with more than 15 employees make “reasonable


accommodations ” for disabled workers and

5. that public accommodations such as restaurants and stores make


“reasonable modifications” to ensure access for disabled members of the public.

165.
1. 1990

2. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was amended and renamed
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

166.
1. 2001
2. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law becomes enacted calling for ALL
students to become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

167.
1. 2004

2. Re authorization of IDEA

168. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

A Historical View of Special Education

Special Education Timeline: Overview


This special education timeline emphasizes the major events in the history of special
education. It gives a good overview of the progression towards our current special
education condition.

Special Education Timeline: Landmark Decisions


This special education timeline shows the landmark decisions leading up to and after
IDEA.

Parental advocacy groups are formed to push for federal help in the hope
1993
of fair educational opportunities for their children with disabilities.
Congress creates a Bureau of Education for the Handicapped later named
1965 Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP). Little change happens early
but it indicated change was approaching.
Two landmark decisions made through the Supreme Court decide that
1972 children with disabilities should have an equal right to access education.
Mills v. D.C. Board of Education & PARC v. Pennsylvania.

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is passed allowing
1974 parents access to all personal information used by the school regarding
their child.
An Act that allows all school districts to educate students with disabilities,
called the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), is passed.
1975
It is later amended and renamed as Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act (IDEA) in 1990.

The final federal regulations are passed and require school districts to adhere
1977
to a set of rules when providing education to children with disabilities.
Americans with Disabilities Act is enacted allowing disabled children to
1999 become more common place in school districts and gives parents and
children certain rights under IDEA.
The No Child Left Behind law becomes enacted calling for ALL students to
2001
become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

Special Education Timeline: Children Are The Future


This timeline shows us how far we've progressed towards a fair education for
everyone. At LearningRx we believe that children with disabilities can be as smart (if
not smarter) than non special students through brain training. We've proved it
thousands of times. LearningRx helps struggling students with disabilities become
smarter and overcome their difficulties. We strengthen their cognitive skills through
one-on-one mental exercises. Cognitive skills have been shown to be the leading
"weak link" causing learning disorders. To find out more information contact a local
LearningRx near you.

ranscript of History of Special Education in the Philippines


Special Education
The History of
1902
1950 to 1975
1926 to 1949
1976 to Present
in the Philippines
Fred Atkinson
General Superintendent of Education
reported to the Secretary of Public Instruction that deaf and blind children were found in
a census of school-aged children in Manila and nearby provinces
proposed that deaf and blind children be enrolled in schools like the other children
1907
David Barrows
worked for the establishment of the Insular School for the Deaf and the Blind in Manila
At present, the Philippine school for the Deaf is Located on Harrison Street, Pasay City.
Philippine Association for the Deaf was Founded
The Government established Welfareville Children's Village in Mandaluyong.
1927
1945
the National Orthopedic Hospital opened the School for Crippled Children
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students
1949
Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled was organized
1953
Elsie Gaches Village was established to take care of abandoned, orphaned and youth with
physical and mental disabilities
1954
first week of August was declared as Sight Saving Week
1955
Members of Lodge No.761 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks organized the
Elks Cerebral Palsy Project Incorporated.
First Parent Teacher Work Conference in Special Education was held at SDB
A time when the private sector started supporting the government's program for
Filipinos with disabilities
1957
The Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) of the Department of Education and Culture (DEC)
created the Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Services Division.
The program include:
legislation
teacher training
census of exceptional children
integration of children with disabilities in regular classes
rehabilitation of residential and special schools
material production
1962
Manila Youth Reception Center (MYRC) was opened for the socially maladjusted and
emotionally disturbed
DEC issued Circular No.11 s. 1962 "Qualifications of Special Education Teachers"
Experimental integration of blind children at the Jose Rizal Elementary School (Pasay)
St. Joseph of Cupertino School for the Mentally Retarted was founded
R.A. 5250: An act establishing a ten-year training program for teachers of special and
exceptional children in the Philippines.
teacher scholar at UP commenced in the areas of hearing impairment, mental retardation
and giftedness
1963
Teacher scholar training for blind children started at PNU
Philippine Printing House for the Blind was established (UNICEF & CARE, Philippines)
Manila Science High School for gifted students was established
1965
Training program for school administrators on the organization, administration and
supervision of special education classes.
First Institute on the Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded (Special Child
Study Center &ADMU)
1967
BPS organized the National Committee on Special Education
General Letter No.213: regulating the size of special classes for maximum effectiveness
1968
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for exceptional children started at PNU
1969
classes for socially maladjusted children were held at MYRC
Jose Fabella Memorial School was divided into five units:
Philippine Training School for Boys (Tanay)
Philippine Training School for Girls (Alabang)
Reception and Child Study Center (Manila)
Elsie Gaches Village (Alabang)
Nayon ng Kabataan (Pasay)
1970
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for children with behavioral problem started at
UP
the School for the Deaf and the Blind was reorganized into two separate residential
schools.
1973
1975
UNESCO & Philippine Association for the Retarded: First Asian Conference on Mental
Retardation was held in Manila
Silahis Concept of Special Education was implemented
Special Subjects and Services Division was abolished
1977 to 1987:
Decade
of
the
Filipino
Child
1976
First Camp Pag-ibig: day camp for children with physical disabilities
Molave Youth Home for Children with Behavioral Problem was organized in Quezon
CIty
1977
Ministry of Education issued Department Order No. 10: designating regional and division
supervisors of special education programs

Bacarra Special Education Center (Division of Ilocos Sur)


Bacolod Special Education Center (Division of Bacolod)
1978
Presidential Decree 1509:
Creation of National Commission Concerning Disabled Persons (NCCDP)
MEC Memorandum No. 285: directed school divisions to organize special classes with a
set of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal training
UP opened its special education training program for undergraduate students
PAD started mainstreaming program in the Division of Manila City Schools
1979
Caritas Medico-Pedagogical Institution for the Mentally Retarded was organized
Jagna Special Education Center in the Division of Bohol was organized
1980
School for Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
established
1981
UN: International Year of Disabled Persons
1983
Batas Pambansa Bilang 344- Accessibility Law:
"An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring cars, buildings,
institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices."
1987
Autism Society of the Philippines was organized
1993 to 2002:
Asian
and
the
Pacific
Decade
of
the
Disabled
Person
1996
the first week of January was declared as Autism Consciousness Week
First Seminar Workshop on Information Technology for the Visually Impaired
1997
DECS Order No.26: Institutionalization of Special Education Program in all Schools
First Philippine Wheelathon-a-race was the main event of the 19th Disability Prevention
and Rehabilitaion Week
1998
Palarong Pinoy Para sa May K was held at Philsport Complex
1999
DECS Order No.104: "Exemption of the Physically Handicapped from Taking the
National Achievement Test (NEAT) and the National Secondary Aptitude Test (NSAT)"
DECS Order No.108: "Strengthening of Special Education Program for the Gifted in
Public School System"
DECS Order No.448: "Search for the 1999 Most Outstanding Special Education Teacher
for the Gifted"
Memorandum No.457: "National Photo Contest on Disability"
2000s
DECS Order No.11: "Recognized Special Education Centers in the Philippines"

Memorandum No.24 "Fourth International Noise Awareness Day"

Every fourth week of November: National Observance of the week of gifted and talented

intro to SPED
Historical Milestones of
Special Education in the Philippines
1902
-
The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was expressed through Mr. Fred
Atkinson, the General Superintendent of Education.
1907
-
Special Education was formally started in the country by establishing the Insular School
for the Deaf and Blind in Manila.
1927
-
The government established the Welfareville Children’s Village, a school for people with
mental retardation in Mandaluyong.
1945
-
The National Orthopedic Hospital School for the Crippled Children and Youth is
established.
1949
-
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students.

1950
-
PAD opened a school for the children with hearing impairment
1953
-
The Elsie Gaches Village was established in Alabang to take care of the abandoned and
orphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.
1956
-
Special classes for the deaf in regular class were implemented.
1957
-
The Bureau of Public Schools of the Department of Education and Culture created the
Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Service Education.
1960
-
Some private college and universities started to offer special education courses on
graduate school curriculum
1963
-
With the approval of R.A. No. 3562, the training of DEC teacher scholars for blind
children started at the Philippine Normal University.

1965
-
Marked the start of training programs for school administrators on the supervision of
special classes held at UP
1969
- Classes for socially maladjusted children were organized at the manila Youth Reception
Center
1970
- Training of teacher for Children with behavior problems started at the University of the
Philippines
1973
- The juvenile and domestic Relations Court of Manila established the Tahanan Special
School for the socially maladjusted children and youth.
1975
- The Division of Manila City Schools implemented the Silahis Concept of Special
Education in public elementary schools.
1979
- The Bureau of Elementary Education Special Education unit conducted a two-year
nationwide survey if unidentified exceptional children who were in school.
1980
- The School for the Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
organized.
1990
- The Philippine institute for the Deaf, an oral school for children with hearing
impairment was established.
1992
- The summer training for teacher of the visually impaired started at the Philippine
Normal University
1993
- DECS issued Order No. 14 that directed regional officers to organize the Regional
Special Education Council (RESC)
1995
- The summer training for teachers of the hearing impaired was held at Philippine Normal
University
1998
- DECS order No. 5 “Reclassification of Regular teacher and principal items to SPED
teacher and special schools principal item"
1999
- DECS order no. 33 “Implementation of administrative order no. 101 directing the
Department of Public Works and highways, the DECS and the CHED to provide
architectural facilities or structural feature for disabled persons in all state college,
universities and other buildings
2EDPRE
Baloran,
Rajin
Rivera,
Chrisallie
Vanguardia,
Anne Germain
2000
-
DECS Order No. 11, s. 2000 - Recognized Special Education (SPED) Centers in the
Philippines
2002
-
An ongoing mobile teacher–training program by the Department of Education and the
University of the Philippines trains regular and special education teachers on how to
educate children with special needs.
2007-

Special Education Act of 2007 identifies ten groups of Children with Special Needs
2009
-
DepEd under its wing had 217 SPED Centers that cater to the needs of children with
special abilities. The department issued Braille textbooks to help especially visually
impaired children.
2010
-
Special Education Act of 2010, An act establishing at least one Special Education center
for each school division and at least three Special Education centers in big school
divisions for children with special needs, guidelines for government financial assistance
and other incentives and support
2012
-
DepEd has increased the funding for its Special Education program and is set to open
new centers
2013
-
DepEd organized a National Conference for SPED Teachers to sharpen their skills.

169. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

170.
1. 1817

2. The American School for the Deaf is founded in Hartford, Connecticut

3. First school for disabled children anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.

171.
1. 1848

2. The Perkins Institution, founded by Samuel Gridley Howe in Boston,


Massachusetts, was the first residential institution for people with mental retardation .

3. Over the next century, hundreds of thousands of developmentally disabled


children and adults were institutionalized , many for the rest of their lives.

172.
1. 1864

2. Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind was authorized by the
U.S. Congress to grant college degrees.

3. It was the first college in the world established for people with disabilities.

173.
1. 1883

2. Eugenics is a term that was coined by Sir Francis Galton in his book Essays
in Eugenics . Americans embraced the eugenics movement by passing laws to prevent
people with disabilities from moving to the U.S., marrying or having children.

3. Eugenics laws led to the institutionalization and forced sterilization of


disabled adults and children.

174.
1. 1912

2. The Threat of the Feeble Minded (pamphlet) created a climate of hysteria


allowing for massive human rights abuses of people with disabilities, including
institutionalization and forced sterilization.

175.
1. 1922

2. Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) (founded) Council works to inform


parents, teachers, and administration about the education of individuals with disabilities. It is
dedicated to helping improved the education for all disabled peoples by advocating policies,
educating the public, and setting professional standards.
176.
1. 1954

2. The U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruled that
separate schools for black and white children are unequal and unconstitutional.

3. This pivotal decision became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement.

177. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. In the sixties and seventies , initial provision consisted of special education


within segregated education provisions .

2. Historically, children with disabilities have been treated as “in-valid” or inferior


and in need of very special protection and thus as not being able to benefit from education.

178. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. This conceptualization led to exclusion and the construction of institutions to


accommodate these children. In this view, the child was to blame for not being able to
benefit from education.

2. Integration , which began in the West, in the late seventies and early eighties
was spurred by a progressive educational ideology.

179. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. The parallel system to traditional schooling that developed, came to be


known as Special Education.

2. The second stage in this development has taken the form of Special Needs
Education. Special Needs Education, is a system of education for children with disabilities
within ordinary schools . This form of education represents an effort to provide education in
more ‘normal’ settings. However, a common characteristic of this provision of education is
that it has been offered in special classes and not in cooperation with other ‘mainstream’
children.

180. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education was originally set out to meet the needs of learners who
were being traditionally excluded from the school or were otherwise marginalized within the
classroom.

2. A series of shifts from focusing on the disabled child as a problem to focusing


on changes in the management of the classroom, revealed surprising changes in learning.

3. The results demonstrated benefits to those who were traditionally excluded


from learning as well as all the others in the classroom.

4. Today inclusive education or ‘inclusion in education’ is a conceptual


approach aimed at achieving quality education by making changes to accommodate all
learners regardless of their physical, social or psychological differences.

181. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion


1. Inclusive education differs from previously held notion of ‘integration’ and
‘mainstreaming,’ which tended to be concerned principally with ‘special educational needs’
and implied learners changing or becoming ‘ready for’ accommodation by the mainstream.

2. By contrast, inclusion is about the child’s right to participate and the school’s
duty to accept and ensure this right.

182. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding to the diversity


of needs of all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures and
communities, and reducing exclusion within and from education .

183. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements have tended to feature strongly in the


conceptualisation of inclusion

1. Is a process : has to be seen as a never-ending search to find better


ways of responding to diversity

2. 2. Is concerned with the identification and removal of barriers :


involves collecting, collating and evaluating information from a wide variety of sources in
order to plan for improvements in policy and practice. It is about using evidence of various
kinds to stimulate creativity and problem-solving.

184. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements ...

1. 3. Is about the presence, participation and achievement of all


students : ‘presence’ is concerned with where children are educated, and how reliably and
punctually they attend; ‘participation’ relates to the quality of their experiences and,
therefore, must incorporate the views of the learners themselves; and ‘achievement’ is about
the outcomes of learning across the curriculum, not merely test or examination results.

2. 4. Involves a particular emphasis on those groups of learners who


may be at risk of marginalisation, exclusion or underachievement . This indicates the moral
responsibility to ensure that those groups that are statistically most ‘at risk’ are carefully
monitored, and that, where necessary, steps are taken to ensure their presence,
participation and achievement in the education system.

185.
1. 1972

2. The U.S. District Court, District of Columbia ruled in Mills v. Board of


Education that the District of Columbia could not exclude disabled children from the public
schools.

3. The U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, in PARC v.


Pennsylvania struck down various state laws used to exclude disabled children from the
public schools. Advocates cited these decisions during public hearings that led to the
passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.
186.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act was passed.

3. Sections 501, 503 and 504 prohibited discrimination in federal programs and
services and all other programs or services receiving federal funds.

187.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act

3. Key language: “No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United


States, shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, be
denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity
receiving federal financial assistance.”

188.
1. 1975

2. The Education of All Handicapped Children Act ( PL 94-142 ) required free,


appropriate public Education ( FAPE ) in the least restrictive ( LRE ) setting.

3. This Act was later renamed The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act
( IDEA ).

189.
1. 1975

2. The Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps ( TASH ) was founded by


special education professionals in response to PARC v. Pennsylvania (1972) and other right-
to-education cases.

3. This organization called for the end of aversive behavior modification and the
closing of all residential institutions for people with disabilities.

190. 1988 The "Deaf President Now" protest was held at Gallaudet University.
I. King Jordan became the first deaf president of Gallaudet University .

191.
1. 1990

2. The Americans with Disabilities Act

3. (signed by George W. Bush)

4. Provided comprehensive civil rights protection for people with disabilities.

5. Mandated access in public transportation, communication, and in other areas


of public life.

192.
1. 1990
2. ADA law was the most sweeping disability rights legislation in history.

3. It mandated that local, state and federal governments and programs be


accessible ,

4. that businesses with more than 15 employees make “reasonable


accommodations ” for disabled workers and

5. that public accommodations such as restaurants and stores make


“reasonable modifications” to ensure access for disabled members of the public.

193.
1. 1990

2. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was amended and renamed
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

194.
1. 2001

2. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law becomes enacted calling for ALL
students to become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

195.
1. 2004

2. Re authorization of IDEA

196. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

A Historical View of Special Education

Special Education Timeline: Overview


This special education timeline emphasizes the major events in the history of special
education. It gives a good overview of the progression towards our current special
education condition.

Special Education Timeline: Landmark Decisions


This special education timeline shows the landmark decisions leading up to and after
IDEA.

Parental advocacy groups are formed to push for federal help in the hope
1993
of fair educational opportunities for their children with disabilities.
Congress creates a Bureau of Education for the Handicapped later named
1965 Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP). Little change happens early
but it indicated change was approaching.
Two landmark decisions made through the Supreme Court decide that
1972 children with disabilities should have an equal right to access education.
Mills v. D.C. Board of Education & PARC v. Pennsylvania.
1974
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is passed allowing
parents access to all personal information used by the school regarding
their child.
An Act that allows all school districts to educate students with disabilities,
called the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), is passed.
1975
It is later amended and renamed as Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act (IDEA) in 1990.

The final federal regulations are passed and require school districts to adhere
1977
to a set of rules when providing education to children with disabilities.
Americans with Disabilities Act is enacted allowing disabled children to
1999 become more common place in school districts and gives parents and
children certain rights under IDEA.
The No Child Left Behind law becomes enacted calling for ALL students to
2001
become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

Special Education Timeline: Children Are The Future


This timeline shows us how far we've progressed towards a fair education for
everyone. At LearningRx we believe that children with disabilities can be as smart (if
not smarter) than non special students through brain training. We've proved it
thousands of times. LearningRx helps struggling students with disabilities become
smarter and overcome their difficulties. We strengthen their cognitive skills through
one-on-one mental exercises. Cognitive skills have been shown to be the leading
"weak link" causing learning disorders. To find out more information contact a local
LearningRx near you.

ranscript of History of Special Education in the Philippines


Special Education
The History of
1902
1950 to 1975
1926 to 1949
1976 to Present
in the Philippines
Fred Atkinson
General Superintendent of Education
reported to the Secretary of Public Instruction that deaf and blind children were found in
a census of school-aged children in Manila and nearby provinces
proposed that deaf and blind children be enrolled in schools like the other children
1907
David Barrows
worked for the establishment of the Insular School for the Deaf and the Blind in Manila
At present, the Philippine school for the Deaf is Located on Harrison Street, Pasay City.
Philippine Association for the Deaf was Founded
The Government established Welfareville Children's Village in Mandaluyong.
1927
1945
the National Orthopedic Hospital opened the School for Crippled Children
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students
1949
Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled was organized
1953
Elsie Gaches Village was established to take care of abandoned, orphaned and youth with
physical and mental disabilities
1954
first week of August was declared as Sight Saving Week
1955
Members of Lodge No.761 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks organized the
Elks Cerebral Palsy Project Incorporated.
First Parent Teacher Work Conference in Special Education was held at SDB
A time when the private sector started supporting the government's program for
Filipinos with disabilities
1957
The Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) of the Department of Education and Culture (DEC)
created the Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Services Division.
The program include:
legislation
teacher training
census of exceptional children
integration of children with disabilities in regular classes
rehabilitation of residential and special schools
material production
1962
Manila Youth Reception Center (MYRC) was opened for the socially maladjusted and
emotionally disturbed
DEC issued Circular No.11 s. 1962 "Qualifications of Special Education Teachers"
Experimental integration of blind children at the Jose Rizal Elementary School (Pasay)
St. Joseph of Cupertino School for the Mentally Retarted was founded
R.A. 5250: An act establishing a ten-year training program for teachers of special and
exceptional children in the Philippines.
teacher scholar at UP commenced in the areas of hearing impairment, mental retardation
and giftedness
1963
Teacher scholar training for blind children started at PNU
Philippine Printing House for the Blind was established (UNICEF & CARE, Philippines)
Manila Science High School for gifted students was established
1965
Training program for school administrators on the organization, administration and
supervision of special education classes.
First Institute on the Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded (Special Child
Study Center &ADMU)
1967
BPS organized the National Committee on Special Education
General Letter No.213: regulating the size of special classes for maximum effectiveness
1968
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for exceptional children started at PNU
1969
classes for socially maladjusted children were held at MYRC
Jose Fabella Memorial School was divided into five units:
Philippine Training School for Boys (Tanay)
Philippine Training School for Girls (Alabang)
Reception and Child Study Center (Manila)
Elsie Gaches Village (Alabang)
Nayon ng Kabataan (Pasay)
1970
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for children with behavioral problem started at
UP
the School for the Deaf and the Blind was reorganized into two separate residential
schools.
1973
1975
UNESCO & Philippine Association for the Retarded: First Asian Conference on Mental
Retardation was held in Manila
Silahis Concept of Special Education was implemented
Special Subjects and Services Division was abolished
1977 to 1987:
Decade
of
the
Filipino
Child
1976
First Camp Pag-ibig: day camp for children with physical disabilities
Molave Youth Home for Children with Behavioral Problem was organized in Quezon
CIty
1977
Ministry of Education issued Department Order No. 10: designating regional and division
supervisors of special education programs

Bacarra Special Education Center (Division of Ilocos Sur)


Bacolod Special Education Center (Division of Bacolod)
1978
Presidential Decree 1509:
Creation of National Commission Concerning Disabled Persons (NCCDP)
MEC Memorandum No. 285: directed school divisions to organize special classes with a
set of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal training
UP opened its special education training program for undergraduate students
PAD started mainstreaming program in the Division of Manila City Schools
1979
Caritas Medico-Pedagogical Institution for the Mentally Retarded was organized
Jagna Special Education Center in the Division of Bohol was organized
1980
School for Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
established
1981
UN: International Year of Disabled Persons
1983
Batas Pambansa Bilang 344- Accessibility Law:
"An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring cars, buildings,
institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices."
1987
Autism Society of the Philippines was organized
1993 to 2002:
Asian
and
the
Pacific
Decade
of
the
Disabled
Person
1996
the first week of January was declared as Autism Consciousness Week
First Seminar Workshop on Information Technology for the Visually Impaired
1997
DECS Order No.26: Institutionalization of Special Education Program in all Schools
First Philippine Wheelathon-a-race was the main event of the 19th Disability Prevention
and Rehabilitaion Week
1998
Palarong Pinoy Para sa May K was held at Philsport Complex
1999
DECS Order No.104: "Exemption of the Physically Handicapped from Taking the
National Achievement Test (NEAT) and the National Secondary Aptitude Test (NSAT)"
DECS Order No.108: "Strengthening of Special Education Program for the Gifted in
Public School System"
DECS Order No.448: "Search for the 1999 Most Outstanding Special Education Teacher
for the Gifted"
Memorandum No.457: "National Photo Contest on Disability"
2000s
DECS Order No.11: "Recognized Special Education Centers in the Philippines"

Memorandum No.24 "Fourth International Noise Awareness Day"

Every fourth week of November: National Observance of the week of gifted and talented

intro to SPED
Historical Milestones of
Special Education in the Philippines
1902
-
The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was expressed through Mr. Fred
Atkinson, the General Superintendent of Education.
1907
-
Special Education was formally started in the country by establishing the Insular School
for the Deaf and Blind in Manila.
1927
-
The government established the Welfareville Children’s Village, a school for people with
mental retardation in Mandaluyong.
1945
-
The National Orthopedic Hospital School for the Crippled Children and Youth is
established.
1949
-
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students.

1950
-
PAD opened a school for the children with hearing impairment
1953
-
The Elsie Gaches Village was established in Alabang to take care of the abandoned and
orphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.
1956
-
Special classes for the deaf in regular class were implemented.
1957
-
The Bureau of Public Schools of the Department of Education and Culture created the
Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Service Education.
1960
-
Some private college and universities started to offer special education courses on
graduate school curriculum
1963
-
With the approval of R.A. No. 3562, the training of DEC teacher scholars for blind
children started at the Philippine Normal University.

1965
-
Marked the start of training programs for school administrators on the supervision of
special classes held at UP
1969
- Classes for socially maladjusted children were organized at the manila Youth Reception
Center
1970
- Training of teacher for Children with behavior problems started at the University of the
Philippines
1973
- The juvenile and domestic Relations Court of Manila established the Tahanan Special
School for the socially maladjusted children and youth.
1975
- The Division of Manila City Schools implemented the Silahis Concept of Special
Education in public elementary schools.
1979
- The Bureau of Elementary Education Special Education unit conducted a two-year
nationwide survey if unidentified exceptional children who were in school.
1980
- The School for the Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
organized.
1990
- The Philippine institute for the Deaf, an oral school for children with hearing
impairment was established.
1992
- The summer training for teacher of the visually impaired started at the Philippine
Normal University
1993
- DECS issued Order No. 14 that directed regional officers to organize the Regional
Special Education Council (RESC)
1995
- The summer training for teachers of the hearing impaired was held at Philippine Normal
University
1998
- DECS order No. 5 “Reclassification of Regular teacher and principal items to SPED
teacher and special schools principal item"
1999
- DECS order no. 33 “Implementation of administrative order no. 101 directing the
Department of Public Works and highways, the DECS and the CHED to provide
architectural facilities or structural feature for disabled persons in all state college,
universities and other buildings
2EDPRE
Baloran,
Rajin
Rivera,
Chrisallie
Vanguardia,
Anne Germain
2000
-
DECS Order No. 11, s. 2000 - Recognized Special Education (SPED) Centers in the
Philippines
2002
-
An ongoing mobile teacher–training program by the Department of Education and the
University of the Philippines trains regular and special education teachers on how to
educate children with special needs.
2007-
Special Education Act of 2007 identifies ten groups of Children with Special Needs
2009
-
DepEd under its wing had 217 SPED Centers that cater to the needs of children with
special abilities. The department issued Braille textbooks to help especially visually
impaired children.
2010
-
Special Education Act of 2010, An act establishing at least one Special Education center
for each school division and at least three Special Education centers in big school
divisions for children with special needs, guidelines for government financial assistance
and other incentives and support
2012
-
DepEd has increased the funding for its Special Education program and is set to open
new centers
2013
-
DepEd organized a National Conference for SPED Teachers to sharpen their skills.

197. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

198.
1. 1817

2. The American School for the Deaf is founded in Hartford, Connecticut

3. First school for disabled children anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.

199.
1. 1848

2. The Perkins Institution, founded by Samuel Gridley Howe in Boston,


Massachusetts, was the first residential institution for people with mental retardation .

3. Over the next century, hundreds of thousands of developmentally disabled


children and adults were institutionalized , many for the rest of their lives.

200.
1. 1864

2. Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind was authorized by the
U.S. Congress to grant college degrees.

3. It was the first college in the world established for people with disabilities.

201.
1. 1883
2. Eugenics is a term that was coined by Sir Francis Galton in his book Essays
in Eugenics . Americans embraced the eugenics movement by passing laws to prevent
people with disabilities from moving to the U.S., marrying or having children.

3. Eugenics laws led to the institutionalization and forced sterilization of


disabled adults and children.

202.
1. 1912

2. The Threat of the Feeble Minded (pamphlet) created a climate of hysteria


allowing for massive human rights abuses of people with disabilities, including
institutionalization and forced sterilization.

203.
1. 1922

2. Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) (founded) Council works to inform


parents, teachers, and administration about the education of individuals with disabilities. It is
dedicated to helping improved the education for all disabled peoples by advocating policies,
educating the public, and setting professional standards.

204.
1. 1954

2. The U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruled that
separate schools for black and white children are unequal and unconstitutional.

3. This pivotal decision became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement.

205. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. In the sixties and seventies , initial provision consisted of special education


within segregated education provisions .

2. Historically, children with disabilities have been treated as “in-valid” or inferior


and in need of very special protection and thus as not being able to benefit from education.

206. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. This conceptualization led to exclusion and the construction of institutions to


accommodate these children. In this view, the child was to blame for not being able to
benefit from education.

2. Integration , which began in the West, in the late seventies and early eighties
was spurred by a progressive educational ideology.

207. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. The parallel system to traditional schooling that developed, came to be


known as Special Education.

2. The second stage in this development has taken the form of Special Needs
Education. Special Needs Education, is a system of education for children with disabilities
within ordinary schools . This form of education represents an effort to provide education in
more ‘normal’ settings. However, a common characteristic of this provision of education is
that it has been offered in special classes and not in cooperation with other ‘mainstream’
children.

208. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education was originally set out to meet the needs of learners who
were being traditionally excluded from the school or were otherwise marginalized within the
classroom.

2. A series of shifts from focusing on the disabled child as a problem to focusing


on changes in the management of the classroom, revealed surprising changes in learning.

3. The results demonstrated benefits to those who were traditionally excluded


from learning as well as all the others in the classroom.

4. Today inclusive education or ‘inclusion in education’ is a conceptual


approach aimed at achieving quality education by making changes to accommodate all
learners regardless of their physical, social or psychological differences.

209. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education differs from previously held notion of ‘integration’ and


‘mainstreaming,’ which tended to be concerned principally with ‘special educational needs’
and implied learners changing or becoming ‘ready for’ accommodation by the mainstream.

2. By contrast, inclusion is about the child’s right to participate and the school’s
duty to accept and ensure this right.

210. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding to the diversity


of needs of all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures and
communities, and reducing exclusion within and from education .

211. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements have tended to feature strongly in the


conceptualisation of inclusion

1. Is a process : has to be seen as a never-ending search to find better


ways of responding to diversity

2. 2. Is concerned with the identification and removal of barriers :


involves collecting, collating and evaluating information from a wide variety of sources in
order to plan for improvements in policy and practice. It is about using evidence of various
kinds to stimulate creativity and problem-solving.

212. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements ...


1. 3. Is about the presence, participation and achievement of all
students : ‘presence’ is concerned with where children are educated, and how reliably and
punctually they attend; ‘participation’ relates to the quality of their experiences and,
therefore, must incorporate the views of the learners themselves; and ‘achievement’ is about
the outcomes of learning across the curriculum, not merely test or examination results.

2. 4. Involves a particular emphasis on those groups of learners who


may be at risk of marginalisation, exclusion or underachievement . This indicates the moral
responsibility to ensure that those groups that are statistically most ‘at risk’ are carefully
monitored, and that, where necessary, steps are taken to ensure their presence,
participation and achievement in the education system.

213.
1. 1972

2. The U.S. District Court, District of Columbia ruled in Mills v. Board of


Education that the District of Columbia could not exclude disabled children from the public
schools.

3. The U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, in PARC v.


Pennsylvania struck down various state laws used to exclude disabled children from the
public schools. Advocates cited these decisions during public hearings that led to the
passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.

214.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act was passed.

3. Sections 501, 503 and 504 prohibited discrimination in federal programs and
services and all other programs or services receiving federal funds.

215.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act

3. Key language: “No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United


States, shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, be
denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity
receiving federal financial assistance.”

216.
1. 1975

2. The Education of All Handicapped Children Act ( PL 94-142 ) required free,


appropriate public Education ( FAPE ) in the least restrictive ( LRE ) setting.

3. This Act was later renamed The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act
( IDEA ).

217.
1. 1975
2. The Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps ( TASH ) was founded by
special education professionals in response to PARC v. Pennsylvania (1972) and other right-
to-education cases.

3. This organization called for the end of aversive behavior modification and the
closing of all residential institutions for people with disabilities.

218. 1988 The "Deaf President Now" protest was held at Gallaudet University.
I. King Jordan became the first deaf president of Gallaudet University .

219.
1. 1990

2. The Americans with Disabilities Act

3. (signed by George W. Bush)

4. Provided comprehensive civil rights protection for people with disabilities.

5. Mandated access in public transportation, communication, and in other areas


of public life.

220.
1. 1990

2. ADA law was the most sweeping disability rights legislation in history.

3. It mandated that local, state and federal governments and programs be


accessible ,

4. that businesses with more than 15 employees make “reasonable


accommodations ” for disabled workers and

5. that public accommodations such as restaurants and stores make


“reasonable modifications” to ensure access for disabled members of the public.

221.
1. 1990

2. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was amended and renamed
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

222.
1. 2001

2. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law becomes enacted calling for ALL
students to become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

223.
1. 2004

2. Re authorization of IDEA

224. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala


A Historical View of Special Education

Special Education Timeline: Overview


This special education timeline emphasizes the major events in the history of special
education. It gives a good overview of the progression towards our current special
education condition.

Special Education Timeline: Landmark Decisions


This special education timeline shows the landmark decisions leading up to and after
IDEA.

Parental advocacy groups are formed to push for federal help in the hope
1993
of fair educational opportunities for their children with disabilities.
Congress creates a Bureau of Education for the Handicapped later named
1965 Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP). Little change happens early
but it indicated change was approaching.
Two landmark decisions made through the Supreme Court decide that
1972 children with disabilities should have an equal right to access education.
Mills v. D.C. Board of Education & PARC v. Pennsylvania.

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is passed allowing
1974 parents access to all personal information used by the school regarding
their child.
An Act that allows all school districts to educate students with disabilities,
called the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), is passed.
1975
It is later amended and renamed as Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act (IDEA) in 1990.

The final federal regulations are passed and require school districts to adhere
1977
to a set of rules when providing education to children with disabilities.
Americans with Disabilities Act is enacted allowing disabled children to
1999 become more common place in school districts and gives parents and
children certain rights under IDEA.
The No Child Left Behind law becomes enacted calling for ALL students to
2001
become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

Special Education Timeline: Children Are The Future


This timeline shows us how far we've progressed towards a fair education for
everyone. At LearningRx we believe that children with disabilities can be as smart (if
not smarter) than non special students through brain training. We've proved it
thousands of times. LearningRx helps struggling students with disabilities become
smarter and overcome their difficulties. We strengthen their cognitive skills through
one-on-one mental exercises. Cognitive skills have been shown to be the leading
"weak link" causing learning disorders. To find out more information contact a local
LearningRx near you.
ranscript of History of Special Education in the Philippines
Special Education
The History of
1902
1950 to 1975
1926 to 1949
1976 to Present
in the Philippines
Fred Atkinson
General Superintendent of Education
reported to the Secretary of Public Instruction that deaf and blind children were found in
a census of school-aged children in Manila and nearby provinces
proposed that deaf and blind children be enrolled in schools like the other children
1907
David Barrows
worked for the establishment of the Insular School for the Deaf and the Blind in Manila
At present, the Philippine school for the Deaf is Located on Harrison Street, Pasay City.
Philippine Association for the Deaf was Founded
The Government established Welfareville Children's Village in Mandaluyong.
1927
1945
the National Orthopedic Hospital opened the School for Crippled Children
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students
1949
Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled was organized
1953
Elsie Gaches Village was established to take care of abandoned, orphaned and youth with
physical and mental disabilities
1954
first week of August was declared as Sight Saving Week
1955
Members of Lodge No.761 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks organized the
Elks Cerebral Palsy Project Incorporated.
First Parent Teacher Work Conference in Special Education was held at SDB
A time when the private sector started supporting the government's program for
Filipinos with disabilities
1957
The Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) of the Department of Education and Culture (DEC)
created the Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Services Division.
The program include:
legislation
teacher training
census of exceptional children
integration of children with disabilities in regular classes
rehabilitation of residential and special schools
material production
1962
Manila Youth Reception Center (MYRC) was opened for the socially maladjusted and
emotionally disturbed
DEC issued Circular No.11 s. 1962 "Qualifications of Special Education Teachers"
Experimental integration of blind children at the Jose Rizal Elementary School (Pasay)
St. Joseph of Cupertino School for the Mentally Retarted was founded
R.A. 5250: An act establishing a ten-year training program for teachers of special and
exceptional children in the Philippines.
teacher scholar at UP commenced in the areas of hearing impairment, mental retardation
and giftedness
1963
Teacher scholar training for blind children started at PNU
Philippine Printing House for the Blind was established (UNICEF & CARE, Philippines)
Manila Science High School for gifted students was established
1965
Training program for school administrators on the organization, administration and
supervision of special education classes.
First Institute on the Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded (Special Child
Study Center &ADMU)
1967
BPS organized the National Committee on Special Education
General Letter No.213: regulating the size of special classes for maximum effectiveness
1968
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for exceptional children started at PNU
1969
classes for socially maladjusted children were held at MYRC
Jose Fabella Memorial School was divided into five units:
Philippine Training School for Boys (Tanay)
Philippine Training School for Girls (Alabang)
Reception and Child Study Center (Manila)
Elsie Gaches Village (Alabang)
Nayon ng Kabataan (Pasay)
1970
R.A. No. 5250: Teacher training program for children with behavioral problem started at
UP
the School for the Deaf and the Blind was reorganized into two separate residential
schools.
1973
1975
UNESCO & Philippine Association for the Retarded: First Asian Conference on Mental
Retardation was held in Manila
Silahis Concept of Special Education was implemented
Special Subjects and Services Division was abolished
1977 to 1987:
Decade
of
the
Filipino
Child
1976
First Camp Pag-ibig: day camp for children with physical disabilities
Molave Youth Home for Children with Behavioral Problem was organized in Quezon
CIty
1977
Ministry of Education issued Department Order No. 10: designating regional and division
supervisors of special education programs

Bacarra Special Education Center (Division of Ilocos Sur)


Bacolod Special Education Center (Division of Bacolod)
1978
Presidential Decree 1509:
Creation of National Commission Concerning Disabled Persons (NCCDP)
MEC Memorandum No. 285: directed school divisions to organize special classes with a
set of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal training
UP opened its special education training program for undergraduate students
PAD started mainstreaming program in the Division of Manila City Schools
1979
Caritas Medico-Pedagogical Institution for the Mentally Retarded was organized
Jagna Special Education Center in the Division of Bohol was organized
1980
School for Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
established
1981
UN: International Year of Disabled Persons
1983
Batas Pambansa Bilang 344- Accessibility Law:
"An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring cars, buildings,
institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices."
1987
Autism Society of the Philippines was organized
1993 to 2002:
Asian
and
the
Pacific
Decade
of
the
Disabled
Person
1996
the first week of January was declared as Autism Consciousness Week
First Seminar Workshop on Information Technology for the Visually Impaired
1997
DECS Order No.26: Institutionalization of Special Education Program in all Schools
First Philippine Wheelathon-a-race was the main event of the 19th Disability Prevention
and Rehabilitaion Week
1998
Palarong Pinoy Para sa May K was held at Philsport Complex
1999
DECS Order No.104: "Exemption of the Physically Handicapped from Taking the
National Achievement Test (NEAT) and the National Secondary Aptitude Test (NSAT)"
DECS Order No.108: "Strengthening of Special Education Program for the Gifted in
Public School System"
DECS Order No.448: "Search for the 1999 Most Outstanding Special Education Teacher
for the Gifted"
Memorandum No.457: "National Photo Contest on Disability"
2000s
DECS Order No.11: "Recognized Special Education Centers in the Philippines"
Memorandum No.24 "Fourth International Noise Awareness Day"

Every fourth week of November: National Observance of the week of gifted and talented

intro to SPED
Historical Milestones of
Special Education in the Philippines
1902
-
The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was expressed through Mr. Fred
Atkinson, the General Superintendent of Education.
1907
-
Special Education was formally started in the country by establishing the Insular School
for the Deaf and Blind in Manila.
1927
-
The government established the Welfareville Children’s Village, a school for people with
mental retardation in Mandaluyong.
1945
-
The National Orthopedic Hospital School for the Crippled Children and Youth is
established.
1949
-
Quezon City Science High School was inaugurated for gifted students.

1950
-
PAD opened a school for the children with hearing impairment
1953
-
The Elsie Gaches Village was established in Alabang to take care of the abandoned and
orphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.
1956
-
Special classes for the deaf in regular class were implemented.
1957
-
The Bureau of Public Schools of the Department of Education and Culture created the
Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Service Education.
1960
-
Some private college and universities started to offer special education courses on
graduate school curriculum
1963
-
With the approval of R.A. No. 3562, the training of DEC teacher scholars for blind
children started at the Philippine Normal University.

1965
-
Marked the start of training programs for school administrators on the supervision of
special classes held at UP
1969
- Classes for socially maladjusted children were organized at the manila Youth Reception
Center
1970
- Training of teacher for Children with behavior problems started at the University of the
Philippines
1973
- The juvenile and domestic Relations Court of Manila established the Tahanan Special
School for the socially maladjusted children and youth.
1975
- The Division of Manila City Schools implemented the Silahis Concept of Special
Education in public elementary schools.
1979
- The Bureau of Elementary Education Special Education unit conducted a two-year
nationwide survey if unidentified exceptional children who were in school.
1980
- The School for the Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu City was
organized.
1990
- The Philippine institute for the Deaf, an oral school for children with hearing
impairment was established.
1992
- The summer training for teacher of the visually impaired started at the Philippine
Normal University
1993
- DECS issued Order No. 14 that directed regional officers to organize the Regional
Special Education Council (RESC)
1995
- The summer training for teachers of the hearing impaired was held at Philippine Normal
University
1998
- DECS order No. 5 “Reclassification of Regular teacher and principal items to SPED
teacher and special schools principal item"
1999
- DECS order no. 33 “Implementation of administrative order no. 101 directing the
Department of Public Works and highways, the DECS and the CHED to provide
architectural facilities or structural feature for disabled persons in all state college,
universities and other buildings
2EDPRE
Baloran,
Rajin
Rivera,
Chrisallie
Vanguardia,
Anne Germain
2000
-
DECS Order No. 11, s. 2000 - Recognized Special Education (SPED) Centers in the
Philippines
2002
-
An ongoing mobile teacher–training program by the Department of Education and the
University of the Philippines trains regular and special education teachers on how to
educate children with special needs.
2007-

Special Education Act of 2007 identifies ten groups of Children with Special Needs
2009
-
DepEd under its wing had 217 SPED Centers that cater to the needs of children with
special abilities. The department issued Braille textbooks to help especially visually
impaired children.
2010
-
Special Education Act of 2010, An act establishing at least one Special Education center
for each school division and at least three Special Education centers in big school
divisions for children with special needs, guidelines for government financial assistance
and other incentives and support
2012
-
DepEd has increased the funding for its Special Education program and is set to open
new centers
2013
-
DepEd organized a National Conference for SPED Teachers to sharpen their skills.

225. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

226.
1. 1817

2. The American School for the Deaf is founded in Hartford, Connecticut


3. First school for disabled children anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.

227.
1. 1848

2. The Perkins Institution, founded by Samuel Gridley Howe in Boston,


Massachusetts, was the first residential institution for people with mental retardation .

3. Over the next century, hundreds of thousands of developmentally disabled


children and adults were institutionalized , many for the rest of their lives.

228.
1. 1864

2. Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind was authorized by the
U.S. Congress to grant college degrees.

3. It was the first college in the world established for people with disabilities.

229.
1. 1883

2. Eugenics is a term that was coined by Sir Francis Galton in his book Essays
in Eugenics . Americans embraced the eugenics movement by passing laws to prevent
people with disabilities from moving to the U.S., marrying or having children.

3. Eugenics laws led to the institutionalization and forced sterilization of


disabled adults and children.

230.
1. 1912

2. The Threat of the Feeble Minded (pamphlet) created a climate of hysteria


allowing for massive human rights abuses of people with disabilities, including
institutionalization and forced sterilization.

231.
1. 1922

2. Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) (founded) Council works to inform


parents, teachers, and administration about the education of individuals with disabilities. It is
dedicated to helping improved the education for all disabled peoples by advocating policies,
educating the public, and setting professional standards.

232.
1. 1954

2. The U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruled that
separate schools for black and white children are unequal and unconstitutional.

3. This pivotal decision became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement.

233. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion


1. In the sixties and seventies , initial provision consisted of special education
within segregated education provisions .

2. Historically, children with disabilities have been treated as “in-valid” or inferior


and in need of very special protection and thus as not being able to benefit from education.

234. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. This conceptualization led to exclusion and the construction of institutions to


accommodate these children. In this view, the child was to blame for not being able to
benefit from education.

2. Integration , which began in the West, in the late seventies and early eighties
was spurred by a progressive educational ideology.

235. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. The parallel system to traditional schooling that developed, came to be


known as Special Education.

2. The second stage in this development has taken the form of Special Needs
Education. Special Needs Education, is a system of education for children with disabilities
within ordinary schools . This form of education represents an effort to provide education in
more ‘normal’ settings. However, a common characteristic of this provision of education is
that it has been offered in special classes and not in cooperation with other ‘mainstream’
children.

236. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education was originally set out to meet the needs of learners who
were being traditionally excluded from the school or were otherwise marginalized within the
classroom.

2. A series of shifts from focusing on the disabled child as a problem to focusing


on changes in the management of the classroom, revealed surprising changes in learning.

3. The results demonstrated benefits to those who were traditionally excluded


from learning as well as all the others in the classroom.

4. Today inclusive education or ‘inclusion in education’ is a conceptual


approach aimed at achieving quality education by making changes to accommodate all
learners regardless of their physical, social or psychological differences.

237. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Inclusive education differs from previously held notion of ‘integration’ and


‘mainstreaming,’ which tended to be concerned principally with ‘special educational needs’
and implied learners changing or becoming ‘ready for’ accommodation by the mainstream.

2. By contrast, inclusion is about the child’s right to participate and the school’s
duty to accept and ensure this right.

238. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion


1. Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding to the diversity
of needs of all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures and
communities, and reducing exclusion within and from education .

239. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements have tended to feature strongly in the


conceptualisation of inclusion

1. Is a process : has to be seen as a never-ending search to find better


ways of responding to diversity

2. 2. Is concerned with the identification and removal of barriers :


involves collecting, collating and evaluating information from a wide variety of sources in
order to plan for improvements in policy and practice. It is about using evidence of various
kinds to stimulate creativity and problem-solving.

240. 60’s and 70’s - Inclusion

1. Four (4) key elements ...

1. 3. Is about the presence, participation and achievement of all


students : ‘presence’ is concerned with where children are educated, and how reliably and
punctually they attend; ‘participation’ relates to the quality of their experiences and,
therefore, must incorporate the views of the learners themselves; and ‘achievement’ is about
the outcomes of learning across the curriculum, not merely test or examination results.

2. 4. Involves a particular emphasis on those groups of learners who


may be at risk of marginalisation, exclusion or underachievement . This indicates the moral
responsibility to ensure that those groups that are statistically most ‘at risk’ are carefully
monitored, and that, where necessary, steps are taken to ensure their presence,
participation and achievement in the education system.

241.
1. 1972

2. The U.S. District Court, District of Columbia ruled in Mills v. Board of


Education that the District of Columbia could not exclude disabled children from the public
schools.

3. The U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, in PARC v.


Pennsylvania struck down various state laws used to exclude disabled children from the
public schools. Advocates cited these decisions during public hearings that led to the
passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.

242.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act was passed.

3. Sections 501, 503 and 504 prohibited discrimination in federal programs and
services and all other programs or services receiving federal funds.

243.
1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act

3. Key language: “No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United


States, shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, be
denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity
receiving federal financial assistance.”

244.
1. 1975

2. The Education of All Handicapped Children Act ( PL 94-142 ) required free,


appropriate public Education ( FAPE ) in the least restrictive ( LRE ) setting.

3. This Act was later renamed The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act
( IDEA ).

245.
1. 1975

2. The Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps ( TASH ) was founded by


special education professionals in response to PARC v. Pennsylvania (1972) and other right-
to-education cases.

3. This organization called for the end of aversive behavior modification and the
closing of all residential institutions for people with disabilities.

246. 1988 The "Deaf President Now" protest was held at Gallaudet University.
I. King Jordan became the first deaf president of Gallaudet University .

247.
1. 1990

2. The Americans with Disabilities Act

3. (signed by George W. Bush)

4. Provided comprehensive civil rights protection for people with disabilities.

5. Mandated access in public transportation, communication, and in other areas


of public life.

248.
1. 1990

2. ADA law was the most sweeping disability rights legislation in history.

3. It mandated that local, state and federal governments and programs be


accessible ,

4. that businesses with more than 15 employees make “reasonable


accommodations ” for disabled workers and
5. that public accommodations such as restaurants and stores make
“reasonable modifications” to ensure access for disabled members of the public.

249.
1. 1990

2. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was amended and renamed
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

250.
1. 2001

2. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law becomes enacted calling for ALL
students to become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

251.
1. 2004

2. Re authorization of IDEA

252. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

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