Course code: GNS 202

Course Title: PEACE STUDIES AND CONFLICTS RESOLUTION

1. Peace studies can be defined as:

a. An area of human inquiry that specializes in the use of social science methodologies in the
understanding of conflicts.
b. A disciplinary preoccupation that develops itself to the critical study and understanding of
the varied threats to human existence and how much threats can either be resolved or
averted in the future.
c. An area of study by the use of multidisciplinary approaches in the investigation of the
challenges and problems of peaceful cohabitation with the intention of developing useful
propositions and generalization about how societies are best ordered.
d. The application and utilization of knowledge and skills of man in the prevention and
management of conflicts in the standard version of hypothesis formulation, testing and the
development of theory capable of description, explanation and prediction.
e. A field of study that interrogates the factors, forces and processes that help in the building
of an ordered society in the tradition of enriching values that help to promote peaceful
coexistence and habitation.
(A) a only (B) b only (C) a, b and c (D) c, d and e (E) all of the above
2. Conflict management is:
a. the whole of the processes at ensuring the non-occurrence of conflict.
b. both the science and practice of the application and utilization of relevant skills in ensuring
the non-occurrence of conflicts and mitigation/amelioration of conflict effects in such a way
and manner that such effects are rendered insignificant or tolerable when the conflict
eventually occurs.
c. the use of campaign and other public enlightenment programmes in advancing the peace
process.
d. the building of peace with the combatants
e. the achievement of peace through the order and authority of the security council of the
United Nations.
(A) a (B) a and b (C) b only (D) a, d and e (E) c
3. Conflict can best be defined as:
a. The destruction of lives and properties.
b. The destruction of lives and properties induced by man.
c. The use of violence to achieve objectives which need not be clearly stated as a rule.
d. A term used to describe the basic and fundamental disagreement on how State
properties are to be ordered in a manner that allows for expression of opinion, equality
of representation, recognition and accommodation of all in a political system through
sometimes the use of violence and force.
e. The use of Police to tear-gas people.
(A) a and b (B) b, c and e (C) c (D) a, b and c (E) d
4. Why do we classify and categorize conflicts?
a. To enable us know the forms in which conflicts exist which in turn help in the building of
generalizations.
b. To enable us know why conflicts happen in Afghanistan.
c. To enable us know how to deal with the problem of Boko Haram in Nigeria
d. To help us bring an end to the occupation of Iraq by the United States and NATO led
forces.
e. To help us have distinct and in-depth study and understanding of the causes of conflicts
and the formulation of appropriate solutions

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 Course code: GNS 202
Course Title: PEACE STUDIES AND CONFLICTS RESOLUTION

(A) a only (B) b and c (C) d and e (D) a and e (E) a and b
5. The inclusion of GNS 301 into the degree programmes Universities in Nigeria is justified by
the need to:
a. Expose students irrespective of their disciplinary preoccupations of the virtues that
make a society.
b. Expose students irrespective of their disciplinary preoccupations to the existing
diversities that characterize the Nigerian socio-political system with the view of knowing
how the attendant complexities and complications exert pressure on nation-building.
c. Enable students appreciate the nature, character and dynamics of complex
organizations and hence develop the right attitude dispositions and relevant skills in the
management of the attendant stresses strains and crises.
d. Broaden the horizon of students in the appreciation an application of human skills and
creativity in the management and prevention of crises/conflicts in the larger Nigerian
society.
e. Help students create and nurture the relevant behavioural traits, attitudinal dispositions,
management skills and tolerance as core values indispensable to making Nigeria a great
country and a land of peace.
(A) a and b (B) b and e (C) e only (D) c and d (E) all of the above
6. What thesis best explains the incidence of Boko Haram in Nigeria?
a. The age-long neglect of North of Nigeria.
b. The extreme politicization of politics
c. The realization of the strategic use of terrorism in the achievement of political goals
d. Youths unemployment
e. The prevalence of corruption
(A) a and b (B) a, b and e (C) c and e (D) c only (E) b only
7. why are federal systems especially of the developing world prone to violence and conflicts?
a. Because of the extreme politicization of their cultural differences by the ruling elites
b. Because people generally fight themselves.
c. Because people generally dislike politicians
d. Because their rulers embezzled public funds
8. The Jos crisis is a classical example of ____________crisis
a. Ethnic
b. Religious
c. Political
d. Indigene-settlers
9. Which of the following was involved in regional peace keeping activity in West Africa?
a. ECOMOG
b. AU
c. United Nations
d. Commonwealth of Nations
10. Conflicts can be resolved and prevented through:
a. Peace education and management
b. Outright promulgation of law to disallow conflicts
c. Introduction and enforcement of regulatory mechanisms
d. Good governance
e. The Independent National Electoral Commission#
(A) a (B) b (C) d (D) a, c and d (E) a and e

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 Course code: GNS 202
Course Title: PEACE STUDIES AND CONFLICTS RESOLUTION

11. the major cause of religious conflict in Nigeria is?

a. Religious intolerance
b. Proliferation of religious institutions
c. Ethnic diversity
d. Cultural diversity
e. Economic exploitation
12. The National Youth Service Corps was designed to promote___________
a. National integration
b. Economic integration
c. Social cohesion
d. Oven development
e. Religious integration
13. All these are concepts important in the study of peace studies and conflicts management
with the exception of one:
a. Peace enforcement
b. Peace building
c. Conflicts prevention
d. Peace abuse
e. Dialogue
14. What are state responses to minorities claim in Nigeria?
a. Bargaining strategy
b. ethnic cleansing
c. redistribution of opportunities
d. oppression tactics
e. majority tolerance
15. The university of peace is located in
a. New York
b. The Hague
c. San Jose
d. Pretoria
e. Paris
16. Political conflicts are
a. Conflicts engendered by the struggles for political power acquisition and consolidation
b. Conflicts arising from the dissatisfactions in the outcomes of the processes of allocations
of values
c. Conflicts based on ethnic differences
d. Conflicts arising from the expected direction of State policies
e. Conflicts over the results of elections
(A) a (B) b (C) all of the above (D) a, b and c (E) a and c
17. Building peace is a complex process involving the following approach except
a. Cessation of hostilities
b. Military organisation
c. Social and economic reconstruction
d. Political transition programme
e. Offensive in warfare
18. What approach is the Federal Government of Nigeria using to downplay the strike of NLC
a. avoidance

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 Course code: GNS 202
Course Title: PEACE STUDIES AND CONFLICTS RESOLUTION

b. collaboration
c. accommodative
d. dialogue
e. assertive
19. when did Lt. Col. Ojukwu declare the Republic of Biafra
a. May 30, 1967
b. June 30, 1967
c. July 30, 1966
d. May 30, 1970
e. June 25, 1986
20. The youth protest in Isoko oil area of the Niger Delta is mainly on___
a. Diseases
b. Pollutions
c. Amnesty
d. Victimization
e. Marginalization
21. Boko Haram means
a. Opposition to Western education and civilization
b. Maltasene
c. Al-Qaeda
d. Al-Shaba
e. Advancement of Jihad
22. In the course of internal conflict, millions of children are forcibly separated from families and
face all abuses except____
a. Physical abuse
b. Abduction into the Military
c. Starvation to Death
d. Forceful relocation
e. Early marriage
23. Which of these countries is currently facing the problem of protracted drought?
a. Ethiopia
b. Somalia
c. Egypt
d. Tunisia
e. Liberia
24. What is the likely cause of a huge migration in a country
a. War
b. Poverty
c. Hardship
d. Green pasture
e. Hunger
25. All of these Countries have witnessed regime collapse except
a. Uganda
b. Ethiopia
c. Somalia
d. Liberia
e. South Africa

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 Course code: GNS 202
Course Title: PEACE STUDIES AND CONFLICTS RESOLUTION

26. Rumblings of discontent in oil-producing states in Nigeria help explain the interconnections
between ______ and ____________
a. Ecology , impoverishment and conflict
b. Manipulation, improvement and conflict
c. Conflict, militancy and impoverishment
d. Impoverishment, violence and negotiation
e. Impoverishment, attack and violence
27. PSO stands for
a. Peace supply operations
b. Patient survival operated
c. Peace support operations
d. Patient supply objects
e. Personal support organization
28. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural organisation is established to encourage
collaborations of Nations in the area of _____ except
a. Education
b. Science
c. Culture
d. Communication
e. Adjudication
29. Conflict management is the process of reducing ____ and ____ capacities of conflict
a. Positive and reforming
b. Negative and transformative
c. Negative and destructive
d. Destructive and negative
e. Positive and negative
30. Conciliation is close to__
a. Negotiation
b. Collaboration
c. Communication
d. Mediation
e. Good Government
31. Institute for peace and Conflict Resolution is situated where in Nigeria?
a. Lagos
b. Ibadan
c. Enugu
d. Abuja
e. Calabar
32. NEPDA stands for
a. Nigerian Partnership for Africa’s Development
b. New Partnership for Africa’s Development
c. Nigerian Economic Performance for Africa Development
d. Nigerian Economic Proposal for African Development
e. New Partner for African’s Devaluation
33. Power sharing in Nigeria is adopted to solve what problem?
a. Election violence
b. Perceived marginalization

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 Course code: GNS 202
Course Title: PEACE STUDIES AND CONFLICTS RESOLUTION

c. Political corruption
d. National identity
e. State and local creation
34. Peace Education Network is based in _______
a. London
b. New York
c. Accra
d. Kampala
e. Cape Town
35. When did the Gowon regime receive unconditional surrender from the Biafra?
a. 15 January, 1970
b. 16 January, 1970
c. 14 January, 1970
d. 10 January, 1970
e. 15 July, 1970
36. All these are concepts important in the study of peace studies and conflicts management
with the exception of one
a. Peace enforcement
b. Peace building
c. Conflicts prevention
d. Peace abuse
e. Dialogue
37. Why are federal systems especially of the developing world prone to violence and conflicts?
a. Because of the extreme politicization of their cultural differences by the ruling elites
b. Because people generally fight themselves
c. Because people generally hate politicians
d. Because the constitutions of these federal systems encourage conflicts and violence
e. Because their rules embezzled public funds
38. Conflicts can be resolved and prevented through:
a. Peace education and management
b. Outright promulgation of law to disallow conflicts
c. Introduction and enforcement of regulatory mechanisms
d. Good governance
e. The Independent National Electoral Commission
(A) a (B) b (C) d (D) a, c and d (E) a and e
39. The Jos crisis is an example of ___
a. Ethnic
b. Religious
c. Political
d. Indigene-settlers
e. Economic
40. The major cause of religious conflict in Nigeria is:
a. Religious intolerance
b. Proliferation of religious institutions
c. Ethnic diversity
d. Cultural diversity
e. Economic exploitation

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 Course code: GNS 202
Course Title: PEACE STUDIES AND CONFLICTS RESOLUTION

41. Which of the following best describes Arbitration

a. The decision-making power remains in the hands of the disputant
b. The disputant exert considerable influence in the section of the arbitrator
c. A person providing an informal communication link between disputant
d. The judge pronounces it’s decision
e. None of the above
42. Of all the conflict prevention measures, which one best expresses the intent of conflict
anticipation?
a. Early warning
b. Reconciliation
c. Arbitration
d. Non-governmental
e. Mediation
43. Peace can also be defined as
a. Respect and tolerance for other people
b. Keeping conflicting parties apart, and conflict at low levels
c. Integration
d. Conflict management
e. Conflict transformation
44. A combination of strategies used by a mediator is called
a. Convening process
b. Respect for life
c. Liberty
d. Justice
e. Peace building
45. A decision taken by an arbitrator in a dispute is called_____
a. Gift
b. Award
c. Reward
d. Judgement
e. Punishment
46. Ombudsman means
a. A person elected by the constituency
b. A legal practitioner
c. A minister of justice
d. A person who acts as a trusted intermediary
e. A judge
47. Which of the following is referred to as a “Failed State”?
a. Zimbabwe
b. Somalia
c. Rwanda
d. Republic of Benin
e. South Africa
48. The study of peace is necessary as it is concerned with
a. Who gets what, when an d how
b. Studying man as political animal
c. Ensuring that everyone feels safe, respected and valued

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 Course code: GNS 202
Course Title: PEACE STUDIES AND CONFLICTS RESOLUTION

d. Peace-making
e. Conflict escalation
49. What is the full meaning of ADR?
a. Alternate Disputant Resolution
b. Alternatives Dispute Resolution
c. African Development and Reconstruction
d. African Development Reunion
e. African Dispute Resolution
50. The primary objective of peace keeping is to
a. Help control conflicts identified by UN or regional organization
b. Participate in fighting
c. Protect the territorial borders of States
d. Attack warlords
e. Escalate conflicts
51. Which of the following organizations aim at providing relief during war situations?
a. Boy’s Scout
b. Girl’s Guild
c. Police
d. Red Cross
e. The Army
52. The focal point of a conciliator is to
a. Help identify the major issues and lessens tension by direct negotiation
b. Rule over case
c. Take sides with one of the disputing parties
d. Serve as an impartial judge
e. Be a party to the conflict
53. Nigeria is not likely to have border problem with one the following countries
a. Cameroon
b. Niger
c. Chad
d. Benin Republic
54. In Northern Nigeria, the most common crisis is
a. Election violence
b. Religious crisis
c. Economy crisis
d. Boundary conflicts
e. Indigene-settlers
55. A fascist leader believe in
a. Peace
b. War
c. Ceremony
d. Dispute resolution
e. Love
56. The following are peace processes except
a. Peace keeping
b. Peace making
c. Peace enforcement

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 Course code: GNS 202
Course Title: PEACE STUDIES AND CONFLICTS RESOLUTION

d. Peace adjudication
e. Terrorism
57. JTF in the Niger Delta stands for
a. Joint Technical Forum
b. John Tease Forum
c. John Tafawa Forum
d. Joint Task Force
e. Joint Task Forum
58. United Nations was established in what year?
a. 1943
b. 1944
c. 1945
d. 1946
e. 1918
59. The practice by which a country allows international troops in their country is called
a. Peace making
b. Peace keeping
c. Peace building
d. Peace enforcement
e. Peace building
60. The violence of April 2011 in Nigeria was a result of?
a. Food crisis
b. Boko Haram
c. Maitasine
d. Election
e. Religious intolerance
61. A soldier in peace keeping operation must carry out the following functions except_____
a. Peace keeping
b. Aid to implementation of negotiated agreement
c. Protection of humanitarian supplies delivery
d. Massacre of children possessing weapons in war-torn area
e. None of the above
62. The act of influencing through persuasion to communicate during conflict is called ______
a. Peace
b. Reconciliation
c. Dialogue
d. Communication
e. Authority

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