10

Electronics
Quarter 1– Module 8
Electronic Components
Electronics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 8: Electronic Components
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Region III

Secretary : Leonor M. Briones
Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Simon Zandro F. San Diego

Language Reviewer: Christian T. Felix
Content Editor: Maria Olive B. Moreno
Illustrator: Simon Zandro F. San Diego
Layout Artist: Simon Zandro F. San Diego

Management Team
Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD
Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS
Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD
EPS-Division ADM Coordinator
Marinella P. Garcia Sy, PhD
EPS – Science
Glenda S. Constantino
Project Development Officer II
Joannarie C. Garcia
Librarian II

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph
 10

Electronics
Quarter 1 - Module 8
Electronic Components
 Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Electronics STE 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Electronic
Components.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire
the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do
the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Electronics STE 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Electronic
Components!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take. If
What I Know
you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

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 This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
What’s In
current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to

What’s New you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice to
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.
What’s More
You may check the answers to the exercises using
the Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentence/
What I Have Learned paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned
from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will help you
What I Can Do transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

Assessment
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to

Additional Activities
enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References - This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

A circuit is just like the human body for it is consisting of several parts that work together.
Each part has a unique function and with its own features. Part of the study in electronics
is to look into the different components that make a circuit. This module will explain the
uses and applications of different electronic components.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. know the use of some basic electronic components;
2. describe how the components function; and
3. value the role that each component has to offer.

What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Use a separate sheet of paper for the
answer.

1. Which of the following component provides the electric potential in a circuit?

a. switch c. resistor
b. battery d. capacitor

2. Which component allows a signal to change the on/off state that separates the flow
of electricity?

a. relay c. variable resistor

b. pulse generator d. transformer

3. What is the least number of contacts that a switch must have?

a. one c. three
b. two d. four

4. Which among the components is capable of providing controlled DC output?

a. switch c. resistor
b. battery d. capacitor

5. What happens to the metal component inside a fuse when current goes beyond its
rating?

a. the metal hardens c. the metal crystallizes

b. the metal melts d. the metal becomes an insulator

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6. In what type of signal can a fuse work?

a. AC only c. both AC and DC

b. DC only d. neither AC nor DC

7. A “core” can be associated with what component?

a. resistor c. capacitor
b. inductor d. resistor

8. Which component is with a primary purpose of impeding current flow?

a. regulator c. inductor
b. capacitor d. resistor

9. The unit “farad” is used to quantify the value of which component?

a. transistor c. capacitor
b. cell d. diode

10. Which of the following units can be used to quantify the capacity of a battery?

a. Ω c. mAh
b. V d. A

11. Which component can have a possible value of 300 Ω?

a. capacitor c. resistor
b. cell d. inductor

12. A 250 mH value is associated to which component?

a. push Button c. fuse

b. relay d. inductor

13. Which value is meant to describe a capacitor?

a. 200 Ω c. 150 F
b. 1.5 nF d. 200 mH

14. From which component you will see a dielectric?

a. switch c. resistor
b. push Button d. capacitor

15. Which two-terminal device is used to allow the flow of current in a certain direction?

a. resistor c. DC source
b. diode d. transformer
 What’s In

Directions: Determine the values based on the given circuit. Apply what you have learned
from the previous module to complete this task. Answers are based on the indicated root
mean square (rms) value. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

1. Total resistance of the circuit: ______________________

2. Total resistance of R1 and R2 only: ______________________
3. Voltage drop R1: ______________________
4. Voltage drop R2: ______________________
5. Voltage drop R3: ______________________
6. Voltage drop R4: ______________________
7. Current draw: ______________________
8. Current of R1 branch: ______________________
9. Current of R2 branch: ______________________
10. Power: ______________________

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 What’s New

Although not thoroughly explained in the previous modules, most of the components that
will be discussed in this module had already been mentioned. Complete the crossword
puzzle below by using the symbols as the clue. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

Across Down

1- 2-

3- 4-

5-
6-

7-

8-
 Electronic Components
What is It

A battery contains one or several cells. Chemical reactions inside the cells results in
a potential difference. This allows the battery to let current flow across the load. Batteries
come in different shapes and sizes. From small batteries that can power your wristwatch to
several large array of batteries use to power small communities. Batteries are typically used
as DC source. A battery’s capacity is measured in milliamp hour (mAh)

Figure 1 Battery
A fuse is essential for protecting your circuit from excessive current. When current
beyond the fuse’s rating goes thru it, the metal in the center of the fuse melts resulting in an
open circuit and this protects the circuit from getting damaged by the excess current. A fuse
can be used for both AC and DC signals.

Figure 2 Fuse
A switch contains a minimum of two contacts that closes and opens when a knob or
lever is moved or flipped. The main purpose of a switch is to close and open a circuit. This
enables the circuit to be on and off.

Figure 3 Switch

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 A relay allows the flow of electricity to flow to a different path when it switches to its
on and off state. A relay uses low current or low voltage to control higher current and
voltage.

Figure 4 Relay

One of the most basic component in electronic is the resistor. The resistor is with a
primary purpose of resisting current flow hence the name resistor. It is only composed of
a conducting wire connected to a material that is with low conductivity. The resistance is
measure in ohms (Ω).

Figure 5 Resistor
A capacitor is a component that can accumulate charge and just like a battery can
discharge the stored energy. However, the charging and discharging rate is several times
faster that a battery. Capacitors can be used as a timing component in electronic circuits
and as a filter for DC signal. A basic capacitor is consisting of two plates that do not come
in contact with one another. The plates are separated by a thin layer of insulator known
as the dielectric. A capacitor's ability to hold charge is called the capacitance and is
measured in farad (F).

Figure 6 Capacitor
An inductor is simple a coil that induces a magnetic field (and induced
electromotive force) when current passes thru it. Overlapping magnetic field adds up
increasing its effect. An inductor can be with or without a core. Inductors are used to
block and shape AC current and AC frequencies. An inductor can also protect circuits
and equipment from damaging voltage spikes. Inductance refers to the ability of an
inductor to generate induced magnetic field and induced EMF. An inductor can store
energy in a magnetic field. Inductance is measured in henry (H).

Figure 7 Inductor

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A transformer is a component that is used together with an AC current. It transforms the
input voltage to a different value. A step-up transformer increases the output voltage than
the input voltage but reduces the current while the step-down transformer makes the
output voltage lower than the input but increases the current.

Figure 8 Transformer

A diode is a component with two terminals that allows current to flow in only a direction. A
forward bias diode decreases the resistance of the diode while the reverse bias diode
increases the resistance. Current easily flows when a diode is in forward bias while a
reverse bias prohibits current flow. Diodes are commonly used to rectify (convert) AC to
DC and to control voltage spikes.

Figure 8 Diode

A transistor is a component that is used to regulate voltage or current and acts as a gate
for electronic signals. A transistor is made up of layers of semiconductors that allows the
flow of current. A transistor can either act as a switch or an amplifier. When a transistor
functions as a switch it allows a small amount of current at one part while having a large
amount of current at the other side. These two states of being on and off became one of
the pillars of modern computers. A transistor can also act as an amplifier. When a
transistor functions as an amplifier, it can boost the current. Transistors are made from
silicon.

Figure 9 Transistor

The actual appearance of the components may vary. There are so many different types
and models for each component. As you continue to practice and study electronics you will
eventually encounter the variations of these components and be familiar with their special
functions.

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 What’s More

Use the given circuit diagram and draw the circuit using the actual appearance of the
components. You can use this module as a reference for the appearance of the
components or if you know any alternate appearance you are also free to use it.

Your work will be based on the rubric below:

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Use the relationship of the first set of words in Column A to determine
what word should be associated to each word in column B. Use a separate sheet
of paper for your answer.

Column A Column B

1. Capacitor : Farad Resistor : ___________

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2. Henry : H Ohm : ___________

3. Resistor : Resistance Inductor : ___________

4. Generator : AC Battery : ___________

5. Wire : Conductor Transistor : ___________

INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 1
Directions: Identify the item that is being asked in each situation. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. You are working in a circuit that is meant to light up an LED. The voltage source
your circuit is a 9V battery. Your instructor advised you to try limiting the current
by adding more resistance to the circuit. Which component most likely will be
needed?
2. You are working on a circuit that requires a lower voltage than the source
otherwise the circuit will be damaged. What component can you use to lower
the voltage so that the circuit will not be at risk of getting damaged?
3. In order to protect your system unit from surge of current, you bought an AVR.
What component of the AVR is used to protect the devices connected to it if
there is an incidence of excessive current?
4. A hearing aid is said to boost the current to increase the volume of the sound
that it processes. Inferring from this function, which component is most likely
used to amplify the current from one part to another part of component?
5. Your group is getting annoyed because the only way for you to turn the power
off is by removing the battery. Your leader is asking for ideas to change the on
and off state of your circuit without removing the battery?

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 2
Directions: Match the terms from Column A with those in Column B. Use a separate sheet
of paper for your answer.

Column A Column B
1. Capacitor A. mAh
2. Resistor B. Inductor
3. Battery capacity C. Dielectric
4. Transistor D. Farad
5. Induced magnetic field E. Diode
6. Capacitance F. Switch

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7. Forward Bias G. Ohm
8. Battery H. Silicon
9. ON and OFF I. Transformer
10. Increasing voltage J. DC source

INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 2
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, otherwise replace the underlined word to
make the statement correct. Write the answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A transistor uses a special material called silica.
2. A resistor is meant to add more resistance to the circuit.
3. A battery is usually considered as an AC voltage source.
4. A diode can either be in reverse or forward bias.
5. Forward bias transistors restrict current flow.
6. The strip of metal in a fuse melts when there is a surge of current.
7. A insulator is capable of inducing a significant amount of magnetic field.
8. A transformer can increase or decrease the voltage that is fed to it.
9. A capacitor can rapidly store energy and rapidly discharge it.
10. A transformer’s primary function is to resist electrical flow.

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 3
Directions: Name the equipment shown below. Use a separate sheet of paper for the
answer.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

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INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 3
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to identify the instrument being described on each
statement. Write the answers on a separate sheet of paper.

rcpociata 1. This component has a very high charge and discharge rate of energy.

tidoncru 2. A component that can induce a magnetic and electric field.

ratbety 3. Composed of multiple cells that can use to power circuits.

edioe 4. A two terminal component that allows current flow in one direction.

cltereicid 5. A thin layer of insulator placed between the plates of a capacitor.

reyhn 6. The unit used for quantifying inductance.

adfra 7. The unit used for quantifying capacitance.

esnatrseci 8. The measure of a material’s ability to resist current flow.

Icslnio 9. Semiconductor typically used for making transistors.

htswic 10. A component that can be used to open and close the circuit.

What I Have Learned

This module taught me that one of the basic components, the (1)___________, is
used for adding resistance to a circuit. It also introduced the idea that a (2)___________
can be a DC voltage source for circuits. I have learned that if there is a need to protect the
circuit of excessive current, I can use a (3)___________. I have read that a (4)
___________ is consisting of two plates with an insulator in the middle and is capable of
charging and discharging energy at a very high rate. I also discovered that an (5)
___________ can generate an induced magnetic and can be used to protect sensitive
components. For projects that require to either increase and decrease the input voltage, I
found out that I can use a (6)___________. While reading about the diode, I became aware
of the (7)___________ bias and the (8)___________ bias. I also found out that I can use a
(9)___________ to control large current by using a smaller current. Moreover, this module
also gave me an idea about a semiconductor device made from silicon known as a (10)
___________ which can be used to boost current.

Note: answers to numbers 7 and 8 can interchange.

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 What I Can Do

Despite of sounding very technical, most of the basic components in electronics are
actually simple items in terms of structure. In this task you will be asked to make a
simple inductor using common household items.
Materials
Copper wire (length depends on your preference)
A battery (voltage can range from 1.25V - 9V)
An iron nail (any size)
Instructions
1. Peel the insulation at the end of the wire to be able to connect it to the terminals of
the battery.
2. Wrap the wire around the nail.
3. Connect end of the wire to the battery terminals.
4. Observe how items like iron filings or small ferromagnetic objects react to the nail.
5. If your setup exhibited magnetic properties, then you already made an inductor.

DO NOT USE HIGH VOLTAGE SOURCE FOR

TAKE THIS ACTIVITY. ALWAYS WEAR
CARE INSULATED GLOVES DURING
EXPERIMENTS IN ELECTRONICS.

Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. The unit used to measure a resistor’s resistance?

a. ohm c. volts
b. siemens d. ampere

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2. The insulator sandwiched between the plates of a capacitor?
a. jacket c. depletion zone
b. core d. dielectric

3. Which of the following components is capable of storing energy in a magnetic field?

a. fuse c. inductor
b. diode d. resistor

4. What happens to the resistance of a forward bias diode?

a. increases c. stays the same
b. decreases d. fluctuates

5. If a component has a value of 500 mH, what would be it?

a. capacitor c. diode
b. inductor d. transistor

6. If a transformer increases the voltage, what will happen to the current?

a. decreased c. will be zero
b. increased d. will not change

7. Which bias of the diode inhibits current flow?

a. forward c. reverse
b. left d. right

8. What component can have a value of 200 µF?

a. capacitor c. inductor
b. resistor d. fuse

9. Ohm is a unit of what quantity?

a. capacitance c. inductance
b. resistance d. tolerance

10. Which of the following components is commonly used for protecting a device or
circuit from current surge?
a. transformer c. relay
b. transistor d. fuse

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11. Which component is capable of using low current to control higher current?
a. diode c. relay
b. battery d. fuse

12. What type of current is typically produced by batteries?

a. AC c. both AC and DC
b. DC d. neither AC nor DC

13. Which unit is used for measuring battery capacity?

a. nA c. µF
b. mH d. mAh

14. How does a step-down transformer affect the input voltage?

a. increases c. makes it zero
b. decreases d. makes it negative

15. Which of the following components can store energy in a magnetic field?
a. inductor c. capacitor
b. resistor d. transistor

Additional Activities

Being able to recognize components is very important in electronics. In this activity

you will perhaps be able to remember the components as you try to make a model of
one. For this task, you must make a model of your chosen component. You can choose
what type of model this component will be for its appearance varies depending on the
function, type, and model. Remember that the models are just meant to represent the
appearance and is not there to function as the actual component. Use recycled materials
for your model and provide a card with a description of the component’s basic function
and importance. Your teacher will grade your activity based on the rubric below.

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 17
What I Know What’s In
1. b 1. 1,467 Ω or 1,468 Ω
2. 218 Ω
2. a
3. 33 V
3. a 4. 33 V
5. 105 V
4. a
6. 82 V
5. b 7. 150 mA
8. 109 mA
6. c
9. 41 maA
7. b 10. 33 W
8. d
9. c
10. c
11. c
12. d
13. c
14. d
15. b
What’s New
Answer Key
Independent Activity 1 Independent Assessment 1 Assessment
1. Ohm 1. Resistor 1. a
2. Ω 2. Transformer (step-down transformer) 2. d
3. Inductance 3. Fuse 3. c
4. DC 4. Transistor 4. b
5. Semiconductor.
5. Switch 5. b
6. a
Independent Activity 2 Independent Assessment 2
7. c
1. C 1. Silicon
8. a
2. G 2. True
9. b
3. A 3. DC
10. d
4. H 4. True
11. c
5. B 5. Reverse
12. b
6. D 6. True
13. d
7. E 7. Inductor
14. b
8. J 8. True
15. a
9. F 9. True
10. I 10. Resistor
Independent Activity 3 Independent Assessment 3
1. Resistor 1. capacitor
2. Capacitor 2. inductor
3. Fuse 3. battery
4. Inductor 4. diode
5. Battery
5. dielectric
6. henry
What I Have Learned
7. farad
1. resistor
8. resistance
2. battery
9. silicon
3. fuse
10. switch
4. capacitor
5. inductor
6. transformer
7. forward bias (can be interchanged with number 8)
8. reverse bias (can be interchanged with number 7)
9. relay
10. transistor
Answer Key
References
Gates, Earl D. 2007. Introduction to Electronics, Fifth Edition. Executive Woods 5 Maxwell Drive Clifton Park,
NY 12065: Delmar, Cengage Learning.

Kybett, Harry , and Earl Boysen. 2008. All New Electronics Self-Teaching Guide, Third Edition. 10475
Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

Platt, Charles. 2009. Make Electronics. 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472: O’Reilly Me-
dia, Inc.

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph