Android Chapter16 Resources

10/11/2009
16
Android
Android
External Resources
Victor Matos
Cleveland State University
Notes are based on:
The Busy Coder's Guide to Android Development
by Mark L. Murphy
Copyright © 2008‐2009 CommonsWare, LLC.
ISBN: 978‐0‐9816780‐0‐9
&
Android Developers
http://developer.android.com/index.html
16. Android – Resources
Android Resources
Resources and Internationalization
Resources are external files (that is, non‐code files) that are used by your code
and compiled into your application at build time.
Android supports a number of different kinds of resource files, including XML,
PNG, and JPEG files.
Resources are externalized from source code, and XML files are compiled into a
binary fast loading format for efficiency reasons Strings likewise are
binary, fast loading format for efficiency reasons. Strings, likewise, are
compressed into a more efficient storage form.
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/resources/resources‐i18n.html
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Android Resources
Using Resources
The Android resource system keeps track of all non‐code assets associated with
y p
an application.
You use the Resources class to access your application's resources; the
Resources instance associated with your application can generally be found
through Context.getResources().
To use a resource, you must install it correctly in the source tree and build your
application
application.
Android Resources
Copy/Paste Resources
You will create and store your
y
resource files under the appropriate
subdirectory under the res/ directory
in your project.
Resources are compiled into the final
APK file.
Android creates a wrapper class,
Android creates a wrapper class
called R, that you can use to refer to
these resources in your code. R
contains subclasses named according
to the path and file name of the
source file
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Android Resources
Directory Resource Types
res/anim/ XML files that are compiled into frame by frame animation or tweened animation objects
res/drawable/ .png, .9.png, .jpg files. To get a resource of this type, use
mContext.getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.imageId)
res/layout/ XML files that are compiled into screen layouts (or part of a screen).
res/values/ XML files that can be compiled into many kinds of resource.
arrays.xml to define arrays

colors.xml to define color drawables and color string values. Use Resources.getDrawable() and
Resources.getColor(), respectively, to get these resources.
dimens.xml to define dimension value. Use Resources.getDimension() to get these resources.
strings.xml
st gs to
o de
definee sstring
g values
a ues (use e
either
e Resources.getString
esou ces.getSt go
or p
preferably
e e ab y
Resources.getText() to get these resources. getText() will retain any rich text styling which is usually
desirable for UI strings.
styles.xml to define style objects.
res/xml/ Arbitrary XML files that are compiled and can be read at run time by calling Resources.getXML().
res/raw/ Arbitrary files to copy directly to the device. They are added uncompiled to the compressed file that your
application build produces. To use these resources in your application, call Resources.openRawResource()
with the resource ID, which is R.raw.somefilename
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Android Resources
A Typical Android Application consists of
Java code and additional resources merged
together into a deployable .apk file
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Resources
Examples.
To see a number of samples you
To see a number of samples you
should explore the folder:
c:\Android\platforms\android‐1.5\data\res\
Resources
More Examples.
Try to install the ApiDemos
Try to install the ApiDemos
application. Explore its resource
folder. Find the source code in the
folder:
c:\Android\platforms\android‐1.6\samples\
How to install the App:
File ‐> New ‐> Project ‐> Android Project ‐> Next
Select "Create project form existing source"
Select the ApiDemos folder (all remaining fields will
be self adjusted)
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Android Resources
Java Statements for Using Resources
Displaying a screen layout:
setContentView(R.layout.main);
setContentView(R.layout.screen2);
Android Resources
Retrieving String Resources from: res/values/…
/res/values/strings.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<string name="hello">Hola Mundo!, ResourceDemo1!</string>
<string name="app_name">ResourceDemo1</string>
<string name="good_bye">Hasta luego</string>
<string name="color_caption">Color:</string>
<string name="color_prompt">Seleccione un Color</string>
<string name="planet_caption">
Planeta Planeta Planeta Planeta:
</string>
< t i
<string name="planet_prompt">Seleccione
" l t t">S l i un Planeta</string>
Pl t </ t i >
</resources>
String msg =
this.getString(R.string.color_prompt);
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Android Resources
Enhancing externalized String resources from: res/values/…
//res/values/strings.xml
/ / g
<resources>
<string name="hello">Hola Mundo!, ResourceDemo1!</string>
<string name="app_name">ResourceDemo1</string>
<string name="good_bye">Hasta luego</string>
<string name="color_caption">Color:</string>
<string name="color_prompt">Seleccione un Color</string>
<string name="planet_caption">
Planeta Planeta Planeta Planeta: </string>
<string name="planet_prompt">Seleccione un Planeta</string>
</resources>
As in HTML a string using , , modifiers will be rendered in: bold, italics,
and, underlined modes. In our example:
Planeta Planeta Planeta Planeta
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Android Resources
Retrieving Array Resources from: res/values/…
/res/values/arrays.xml
<string-array name="planets">
<resources> <item>Mercury</item>
<item>Venus</item>
<string-array name="colors"> <item>Earth</item>
<item>red</item> <item>Mars</item>
<item>orange</item> <item>Jupiter</item>
<item>yellow</item> <item>Saturn</item>
<item>green</item> <item>Uranus</item>
<item>blue</item> <item>Neptune</item>
<item>violet</item> <item>Pluto</item>
</string-array> </string-array>
</resources>
String myColors[] =
this.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.colors);
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Android Resources
Retrieving a drawable image from: res/drawable/…
/res/drawable/
//same as xml layout attribute

//android:src="@drawable/android_green_3d“
imageView1.setImageResource(
R.drawable.android_green_3d);
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Android Resources
Example1. Using Embedded Resources (drawable, string, array).
<?xml version
version="1.0"
1.0 encoding
encoding="utf-8"?>
utf 8 ?>
<LinearLayout <TextView
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/an android:layout_width="fill_parent"
droid" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_marginTop="10dip"
android:padding="10dip" android:textSize="18px"
android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:text="@string/planet_caption"
android:layout_height="fill_parent" />
android:background="@color/solid_blue"
> <Spinner android:id="@+id/spinner2"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
<ImageView android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/ImageView01" android:drawSelectorOnTop="true"
android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:prompt="@string/planet_prompt"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
>
</ImageView> </LinearLayout>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/txtColorBox"
<resources>
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
<drawable name="red">#7f00</drawable>
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
<drawable name="blue">#770000ff</drawable>
/>
<drawable name="green">#7700ff00</drawable>
<color name="solid_red">#f00</color>
<color name="solid_blue">#0000ff</color>
<color name="solid_green">#f0f0</color>
/res/values/color.xml <color name="solid_yellow">#ffffff00</color>
</resources>
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Android Resources
15
Android Resources
// using Resources (adapted from Android - ApiDemos)
package cis493.resources;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Spinner;
public class ResourceDemo1 extends Activity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
//TRY: setContentView(R.layout.screen2);
ImageView imageView1 = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.ImageView01);

//similar to xml layout android:src="@drawable/android_green_3d"
imageView1.setImageResource(R.drawable.android_green_3d);
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Android Resources
EditText txtColorBox = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.txtColorBox);
String msg = this.getString(R.string.color_caption);

this.getString(R.string.color caption);
String myColors[] = this.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.colors);
for ( int i=0; i<myColors.length; i++){

msg += "\n\t" + myColors[i];
}
txtColorBox.setText(msg);
Spinner s2 = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.spinner2);

A
ArrayAdapter<CharSequence>
Ad t <Ch S > adapter
d t = ArrayAdapter.createFromResource(
A Ad t t F R (
this,
R.array.planets,
android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item);
adapter.setDropDownViewResource(
android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);
s2.setAdapter(adapter);
}
} 17
Android Resources
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Android Resources
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Android Resources
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Resources
Questions ?
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arrays.xml to define arrays

Planeta Planeta Planeta Planeta

//same as xml layout attribute

public class ResourceDemo1 extends Activity {

ImageView imageView1 = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.ImageView01);

String msg = this.getString(R.string.color_caption);

String myColors[] = this.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.colors);

for ( int i=0; i<myColors.length; i++){

Spinner s2 = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.spinner2);

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